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divisions of the Lower World known as Näraka Bhumis. Prishvi type of Jivas pervades as far as the Siddha-silä (The abode of Salvation); Téjas (fire) exists in Nara-kṣetra (regions of human and sub-human beings) in Tircha Loka (middle World).
3. In the heavenly regions. wateranimals such as fish etc are not found in the vapî (square well (att). In the Graivéyaka havenly regions there no wells and in the absence of wells, there is no water.
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It may be argued against the principle holding the sukṣma or invisible type of jivas to be allpervading by asserting that such jivas are likely to be injured by means of actions-such as running Jumping, sleeping, eating, sitting etc-of human beings or similar (sub-human) creatures, thus argument could certainly be refused by replying that the form of such jivas is so exquisitely subtle that they could never injured by any action what-so-ever of human beings and the like. These invisibles jivas could neither be struck by the sharp blade of a sword nor by the blow of a thunder-bolt, nor even by fire etc."
Since they are not affected by any external actions, they are called subtle or Invisible beings. These jivas are employed in material use; but the Badaras or visible beings are certainly employed in use because they are capable of being apprehended by means of sense-organs in terms of name, action etc.
The age-limit of the Sükṣma type of jivas has been estimated, as an antara-muhurta i-e as much as a period of time ranging between two and nine samayas as the lowest limit to 2 ghatikas less one samaya or 77 Lavas or a period of time taken by 3773 respirations as the highest limit. The number "nine"
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*Nava Graivéyakas are the three rows of three · Vimans each of the Nine Graivéyaka gods situated above the twelve Heavenly Regions. They are called Graivéyaka because they are situated in The, neck of the loka-purusa.
