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PART II
PENANCES 1-CONCERNING THE FIRST VOW (AHIMSA)
To determine the amount of the proper penance merited by a saint for the destruction of the life of different kinds of living beings, a reference has to be made to the "senses and piāņas" with which different forms of life are endowed differently
The lowest form of life is one-sensed, which comprises those living beings who are endowed only with the sense of touch, eg, vegetables. Then there are the two-sensed beings, who enjoy touch and taste both, as is the case with oysters and snails The threesensed have smell in addition to the above two. In this class are found ants and many other kinds of insects. In the class of four-sensed life are included bees and flies, etc. They have sight also The fivesensed are the fishes, rats, monkeys, man, etc. They enjoy hearing also In this class there are two sub-divisions, the sangı (endowed with the capacity to think) and the arangi (not capable of rational thought).
As regards prānas (vitalities), the one-sensed have four of them, namely, breath, bodily strength,
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