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128
JAINA PENANCE
For the violation of the Ec.o id, third, fourth and fifth von
For the transgressions of the guna and siksha Tongl
For defiling faith or knowledge'
one sastha
one uparăca
the worship of the Jina (Arbant).
NOTE-There are five different degrees of transgressions which should be kept in mind in awarding the penance
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(1) atıl arma which is the sinful intent,
(2) tyatıl arma which signifies preparation for the act, (9) atichara which is the doing of something in the nature of a step towards its commission,
1 Ch 146
(4) anachura which is the regretful' violation of a row, (5) abhoga which means abandoning oneself to the vice
The example of an old bull that would like to graze in a paddock is given in the Scripture to illustrate these differences The intention to graze is atıharma; if the animal put his muzzle in a hole in the field's boundary to get to the grass it would be oyatıharma, if he jump over the wall, it would be atichara; if he pull one mouthful and jump out again it would be anāchāra; but if he begins to graze at leisure and pleasure, that is fearlessly, it would be abhoga These five kinds of transgressions apply to all the twelve vows of the layman1 In awarding penance notice might well be taken of these classes and sub-classes of sins
