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THE PENANOES
longevity and the sense of touch. The two-sensed have these four, and in addition they have the sense of taste and the capacity to utter sounds. The three-sensed have the sense of smell, the four-sensed those of smell and sight, and the five-sensed those of smell, sight and hearing in addition to the six possessed by the two-sensed. Then the sang fivesensed beings are further endowed with the organ of thought. We thus have five senses and ten prānas, which are the basis of the discriminating treatment of the different kinds of ginners
The mildest form of penance is to require one kāyotsarga for each sense, so that if a one-sensed form of life is destroyed one kāyotsarga is the penance therefor For a two-sensed insect, two kāyotsargas are necessary, and so on.
Severer forms of penance are provided with reference to the mental characteristics of the sinner. The elements taken into consideration, according to one method of calculation, are the following.
1 whether observing fundamental virtues (müla gunas) only or additional ones (uttara gunas)
also ;
2. whether inclined to resist temptation or sinning (prayatnachân) or not (aprayatnachari);
3. whether wavering (asthira) in the observa ance of the rules, or unwavering (sthera)
