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ÅCARYA VIJAYAVALLABHASŪRI COMMEMORATION VOLUME
loud voice (saddaulayar), confessing the same fault before different ācāryas (bahujana), doing so before a person who was not well-versed (avvatta), and confessing a fault before the guru who has done the same fault himself (tassevi)-all these were deemed as faults of improper alocanā.10
Besides this, some details regarding the ninth prāyaścitta are found.11 It (anavatthappa) was prescribed for committing the theft of coreligionists, or of heretics or for striking somebody with a slap. The last -pārāñcita-was threefold : duttha, pamatta and annamannam karemane. The first was committed when a monk harassed or condemned the ācārya or the gañadhara or the sacred canon, or had intimacy with the nuns, or murdered the king or had illicit relations with the queen. The second was committed by a monk who was extremely careless regarding rules of food and sleep (pañcamanidrāpramādavān), and the third was done when the monk indulged in homo-sexuality. Besides these, masturbation, sexual intercourse, taking a night-meal and accepting food from the host or from a king were deemed major faults. It may be noted that these explanations are based on the commentaries. The texts proper do not give such details. They only refer to the various punishments.
The way of dealing with the transgressor who had again committed a fault while he was undergoing a punishment for a previous one, was called arovanā. In this case, it seems, the punishment was increased either by a month (masiyā ārovanā), or by thirty-five days (sapancarãi mäsiyā), or by forty days, or by two months, or by sixty-five days, or by three or four months. The maximum period was of six months. No details, however, regarding the faults under which this increase was made, or regarding the treatment given to the transgressor, are to be found.12
Another method of purifying the transgressor was called the 'parihara-viśuddhi'. The commentators explain it as follows : 13
In a group of nine monks, four underwent the parihāra, the other four waited upon them (anupariharika) and the ninth acted as the guru.
The undergoing of parihāra involved fasts of various magnitudes in different seasons for a total period of six months, and the whole group was purified in eighteen months.
From the foregoing details one thing is clear and that is that even though the ten forms of prāyaścittas are named in the texts of the Angas,
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