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138 ACARYA VIJAYAVALLABHASURI COMMEMORATION VOLUME
perverse attitude is known as darśanamoha or mithyatva or avidya. The attitude of the soul which has not cut the knot is known as oghadṛṣṭi (literally commonplace attitude). The opposite of this is yogadrşți or the attitude of the spiritually advanced soul. It is also known as saddṛṣṭi, that is, right attitude. The oghadṛṣți is held to be responsible for the origination of the mutually conflicting systems of thought. The eight drstis that we have enumerated above are yogadṛṣṭis and not oghadṛṣṭis. Of course, of these eight the first four belong to those who have not cut the Gordian knot of passions. But even then they are not oghadṛṣṭis in view of the fact that they are destined to lead to the yogadṛsti. It is only those souls who are destined to cut the knot and attain final emancipation that are capable of these drstis. The eight dṛṣṭis have respectively been compared to the sparks of straw-fire (tṛṇagni), cowdung fire, wood fire, the light of a lamp, the lustre of a gem, the light of a star, the light of the sun, and the light of the moon.52 The first four dṛṣṭis are unsteady and fallible. The last four are steady and infallible. The eight dṛstis respectively correspond to the eight famous stages of yoga, viz., vows (yama), self-control (niyama), posture (äsana), regulation of breath (präṇäyäma), withdrawal of the senses (pratyāhāra), fixing of the mind (dharaṇā), concentration (dhyana), and samadhi (ecstasy) found in the system of Patañjali. They are respectively free from inertia (kheda), anxiety (udvega), unsteadiness (ksepa), distraction (utthāna), lapse of memory (bhränti), attraction for something else (anyamud), mental disturbance (ruk), and attachment (asanga). They are respectively accompanied with freedom from prejudice (adveṣa), inquisitiveness (jijñāsā), love for listening (śuśrūṣā), attentive hearing (śravana), comprehension (bodha), critical evaluation (mimämsä), clear conviction (parisuddha pratipatti), and earnest prac tice (pravṛtti). This is about the general features of the dystis. Now let us state in brief the specific characteristics of them one by one.
53
In the first dṛṣṭi called mitra the soul achieves very faint and indistinct enlightenment. It here accumulates the seeds of yoga (yogabija) which eventually fructify into emancipation.55 The soul is now attracted towards
51. Ibid., 14 with Svopajñavṛtti........etannibandhano 'yam darśanabheda iti yogācāryah.
52. Ibid., 15.
53. Ibid., 19.
54. Ibid., 16 with Svopajñavṛtti. Haribhadra here refers to the concensus of opinions of a number of authors regarding the stages of yoga. 55. Ibid., 22.
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