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prosperity. These four are also worshipped in the Cintamani or Pärśvacintamani-yantra described by Dharmaghoşa Sūri.12
Jaya, Ajitä, Aparajită, Jambhā, Moha and Vijayā are also invoked in the yantra according to the VỊddhasampradāya on the Upasargaharastotra, verse 2,13 and also in the Cintāmaņi Cakra on the same verse.14
Jayă, Vijayā, Jayantā, Aparājitā and Anāhitā are famous in the Vardhamāna-Vidyā.15 Elsewhere the present writer has suggested that Anāhitā probably signifies some form of Anaitis or Anihatā.18 Jayā Vijay, and Ajitã are included in the list of mahädevis in the famous Rşimandalastotra.17
Vijay, and Jambhinī are also referred to as Vidyās in the Paumacariyam 18
In the Digambara tradition, the Bhairava-Padmavati-Kalpa calls Jayā, Vijayā, Ajitâ and Aparăjitā as Dig-devis (goddesses of quarters) while Jambhā, Mohā, Stambhā and Stambhini are said to be Vidig-devis
(goddesses of intermediate points).19 The text prescribes their worship for Vasya-rites.
According to the Pratișthäsāroddhāra of Asādhara, Jaya, Vijayā, Aparājitā, Jambhā, Mohā, Stambhā and Stambhini are to be worshipped in the bahirmandalapüjä.20 They are invoked for obtaining Sānti (peace) and bliss.21 But the author does not give their symbols.
Nemicandra in his Pratişthätilaka calls them Sädhu-devis.22 They are said to protect the Jaina Faith and give victory over rival faiths and enemies.
It will be seen that in both the Svetāmbara and the Digambara traditions, the four goddesses are invoked for śānti; Vijayā later on came to be worshipped as śāntidevatā. The various texts on Sūrimantra and the Vardhamānavidyā further show that they were regarded as giving victory. But their special inclusion in the Vardhamānavidyā is significant. The Vidyā is used with certain changes as mantras by different types
12. Manträdhiraja-Cintamani, pp. 30 ff., 7 ff. 13. Jaina-Stotra-Sandoha, sri Cintamanikalya, pp. 6-7. 14. Ibid., p. 9. 15. Two Vardharnānavidyā-kalpas of śri Simhatilakasūri, published in Suri
mar trakalpasandoha, pp. 1-22.
Shah, U. P., Foreign Elements in Jaina Literature, IHQ. Sept. 1953. 17. Maháprabhāvika-Navasmarana, p. 516. 13. Paumacariyam, 7.141, 144. 19. Bhairava-Padmavati-Kalpa, p. 19, verses 1-4; Pp. pp. 12-13, verses 17-18, 20. Prutisthä-Säroddhāra, pp. 79-81. 21. Ibid., p. 81, verses 225-26. 22. Pratisthätilaka, pp. 179-80, also cf. p. 215, verse 8,
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