________________
II. SĀNKHYA AND YOGA
Kapila and Patanjali
NOW LET us proceed to Sankhya and Yoga. These two are regarded in India as twins, the two aspects of a single discipline. Sārkhya provides a basic theoretical exposition of human nature, enumerating and defining its elements, analyzing their manner of co-operation in the state of bondage (bandha), and describing their state of disentanglement or separation in release (mokşa), while Yoga treats specifically of the dynamics of the process of the disentanglement, and outlines practical techniques for the gaining of release, or “isolation-integration" (kaivalya). As we read in the Bhagavad Gita: "Puerile and unlearned people speak of 'enumerating knowledge' (sänkhya) and the 'practice of introvert concentration' (yoga) as distinct from each other, yet anyone firmly established in either gains the fruit of both. The state attained by the followers of the path of cnumerating knowledge is attained also through the exercises of introvert concentration. He truly sees who regards as one the intellectual attitude of enumerating knowledge and the practice of concentration.". The two systems, in other words, supplement each other and conduce to the identical goal. 1 Bhagavad Gita 5. 4-5.
280
