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JAIN MATHEMATICS AND KARMAVAD/135
described in the Jain Agams, is indivisible, indestructible, and imperishable basic constituent of the substance. This leads to very important conclusion -
If a particle breaks to disappear as energy (Sukshma Pudgal), it can be treated as the smallest particle (Sthula Pudgal) of the universe. Scientists have so far been able to find small particles which disintegrate further into smaller particles but have not been able to isolate such a particle which when broken disappears entirely in the form of energy. The day we can find such a particle, we can surely claim to have found the basic building block of this universe. Since all our efforts to break particles down the smallest one have not yielded results so far, we must now attempt an alternative method. If we can concentrate the energy to a miniscule space it will integrate to result in a particle which will be the smallest particle.
2. Kaal (Time)
We have, so far, endeavoured to know the smallest particle of substance. In Jain belief, Time is an independent entity. What is the smallest unit of time? All the activities of Pudgals are space-time related. Accordingly, the time factor in the micro (sukshma) world is 'samay'. Infinite such ‘samay' constitute one 'avalika'. Avalika is the smallest unit of time in the macro (sthula) world.
We have seen earlier that - on Nishchay Parmanu = 1 Vyavhar Parmanu
Similarly,
o samay = 1 avlika
The factor of infinity (o) in both these equations suggests that there exists a quantum jump from micro to macro level.
As in the case of smallest particle, scientists are still searching an activity or phenomenon which is accomplished in the smallest period of time. They have found visible light, x-rays and gamma rays in which the wavelengths are as low as a millionth of a centimeter. This means the wave activities are taking place at the Nano- and Pico-second (one-millionth of micro second) scale. In a science magazine, 'Nature', some Austrian scientists have claimed to observe fastest ever happening in which the event is said to happen in one-hundredth of an 'ato-second'. The ‘ato-second' is so small a unit that to bring it at par with a second will take 30 million years. Scientists employed the motion of electrons to measure this event. Researchers excited the electrons with the help of far ultra-violet light beam. According to the Professor Farank Cruise of Vine
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