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158'JAIN STUDIES AND SCIENCE
obsession, voracity etc. All these emotions vary in their intensities and can be categorised into four stages -
severe
intense
mild
serene
Practice of equanimity under all circumstances is the key to conquer these emotions. When the intensities of these impulses become thin. we can take first step towards the liberation. So much so from Jain stand-point, from psychological angle also, these emotive impulses are associated with many a diseases. These emotions actually trap us in a vicious circle -- more we succumb to temptations, more is our bondage and our sufferings augment.
3. Karma - Mechanism
According to Jain philosophy, when a soul or bio executes a tendency, it simultaneously attracts and repels the fine Karmic substances (karmasomes, as defined earlier in this text). It is the righteousness of the tendency that decides whether the detachment outclasses the attachment or not? These properties of attraction and repulsion are due to the four-some properties of a karma quadon. As elaborated in the discussions of pudgals, karma-pudgals are said to possess four properties of Snigdha, Ruksha. Ushna and Sheit. First two properties of karma-quadon exhibit the philic- or the phobic- tendencies towards the soul. This affinity between soul and karma could be one of the three types.
Electric - as in positive and negative charges Magnetic - as in north and south poles
Gravitational - as in cosmic bodies. Here it is necessary to mention that the gravitational force is not essentially attractive but could be repulsive as well. Various studies involving the concept of gravitons have revealed this fact.
3.1. Attraction-Repulsion
Here it must be understood that the affinity of soul and karma does not necessarily means that the two amalgamate with each other. They unite to form a pair while retaining all their individual characteristics. It is as if the negatively charged electrons orbit around a positively charged nucleus. There is one more similarity, the bondage between soul and karma could be weak or strong. In
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