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174 / JAIN STUDIES AND SCIENCE
vision-centre lying between the eye-brows. This kind of meditation, particularly by younger generation, dilutes anger, ego and indiscipline. Mahapragya stresses on targeting young so that they can be moulded before their habits die hard.
1.2. Chitta & Mann
Freud and Jung are pioneers of modern psychological studies and its principles. Their studies revealed that the entire thought process is divided into two parts - conscious and subconscious. They have compared it with an iceberg or an island, where only a miniscule is visible and rest is submerged and hidden. Freud explained various human behaviours on the basis of depth psychology which dealt mainly with the subconscious mind. Both these experts, however, treated conscious and subconscious minds as the two faces of same coin. Jain philosophy, however, clearly distinguishes between conscious and subconscious minds.
Conscious mind is termed as ‘Dravya Mann' or simply Mann', and subconscious mind is called 'Bhava Mann'or Chitta'. The Mann is described as shrewd, mischievous but weak, while the Chitta is innocent, primitive but powerful. Mann derives its energy from external circumstances and environment. It facilitates the mind to react to the external stimuli. Chitta draws its energy from the karmas of the spirit (atma). The vibrations of the Chitta compel the mind to act in a manner which is pre-written and pre-defined in our karmas. Basically, the Chitta is conduit between the spirit and the Mann. It is through proper meditation that the Chitta can hold the Mann in discipline and mitigate its apparent turbulence (Chanchalta).
2. Emotions
Ego is a part of complex emotional aspect of human psychology, when turns negative, it results in self-righteous, selfish and aggressive behaviour. Emotions, if left untamed are like a bull out on rampage. Emotions are not entirely abstract; they cannot be disciplined by acquired intelligence, but only by balancing the activities of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems through the practice of meditation. Medical science has provided a deep insight into the functioning of our brain and nervous system. According to their experiments, right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and vice versa. Each hemisphere has four structurally different parts, of which, frontal lobes are associated with personality and emotions. Mahapragya, from his experience of meditation on self and hundreds of volunteers has established that concentrating on the emotional areas of our frontal lobes helps conquer anger,
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