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amenities. Its length and breadth is 1000 Dandas. The principal thoroughfare runs from East to West. The site is divided into four equal parts and in the centre is the king's palace which is well fortified and guarded. In the West is the temple surrounded by walls. In the east live craftsmen like weavers, goldsmiths, blacksmiths and others. In the south live the merchants and labourers. The residence of the brahmins, kshatriyas and well-to-do merchants is in the West. In the North are the buildings for courts and halls for many purposes and the residence of state officials.
The eleventh type is Devanagara. This city is one in which installed deities have been in existence from eons past and their situation is generally on the banks of rivers, edges of forests, or the tops of hills. It is marked by ancient temples and mansions some of them dilapidated. Sweet mango, Jack, and other fruit-bearing trees, banyans, and other shade-giving trees, cows grazing about in many places and Garudas having their abode also mark the place, the deciding factor being a Swayambhu Sivalinga (one that has sprung up of itself). Constructions in this city need not follow the rules regarding the quarters, nor are the preliminary propitiation of deities necessary. Suitable sites are to be selected and constructions commenced forthwith. The city therefore grows in accordance with the wishes of the kings. The city has residential quarters for all castes, and storeyed mansions for the king. It has courts and halls and it is fortified or provided with strong walls. The deities installed in that city in ancient days ought never to be disturbed but renovations of the temples are to be carried out every now and then.
The twelfth type called Manusa Nagara is a city built by the king or wealthy gentlemen at their own cost and dedicated to the public as a piece of public service. The site chosen for this purpose is of length 300 Raja Dandas. The city opens out at the East and has the Siva temple at the West. The palace if constructed is also in the West.
