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Appendix
(i) Niścaya Naya (Real point of view). (ii) Vyavahāra Naya (Relative point of view).
Gāthā 11 of Samayasāra may be considered as a stanza that provides the definitions of these two Naya. In this Gāthā, the term "Suddha Naya' has been used as a synonym of Niścaya Naya. We find many stanzas in Samayasāra (e.g., Gāthā 7, 11, 14, 27, 48, 141, 272, 324, 353, 360, 414, etc.) where we can find various aspects of these Naya.
From a sacred scripture named Pancādhyāyī, we learn that Niścaya Naya is of one kind only. However, we find further classification of Niścaya Naya in various texts (e.g., Vsahada Dravya Samgraha, Ālāpa Paddhati, NayaCakra, etc.). Through various texts, we learn that Niścaya Naya is of two kinds: (a) Suddha Niścaya Naya and (b) Aśuddha Niścaya Naya. Further, Suddha Niścaya Naya is of three kinds: Parama Śuddha Niścaya Naya, Sākṣāta Śuddha Niścaya Naya (it is also sometimes called as Suddha Niścaya Naya), and Ekadeśa śuddha Niscaya Naya. Thus in all we have four types of Niścaya Naya: (i) Parama Suddha Niscaya Naya (Perfectly pure real point of view). (ii) Sākṣāta suddha Niścaya Naya (Explicitly pure real point of view). (iii) Ekadeśa śuddha Niscaya Naya (Partially pure real point of view). (iv) Aśuddha Niscaya Naya (Impure real point of view).
The Suddha Naya described in stanzas 6, 7, and 14 of Samayasāra can be considered as Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya. There is timelessness in the Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya. Or, the Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya considers the time independent pure Dravya. According to the Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya, the soul belonging to Lord Mahāvīra and the soul belonging to an ant are exactly the same. This Naya does not see any difference or change in any soul with time. In technical terms, this Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya ignores time dependent states (Paryāya). Furhter, the Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya sees only uncombined, un-fragmented, and invariant soul (see stanzas 7, 14, and 15 of Samayasāra). It may also be noted that the Niścaya Naya of Pancādhyāyī corresponds to the Parama Suddha Niścaya Naya.
The remaining three kinds of Niścaya Naya takes into account time dependent states of soul. Aśuddha Niścaya Naya ignores the combination of soul with body, but does not ignore the presence of distortions (Vikāra) such as anger, arrogance, deception, greed, etc., associated with soul. Terms such as angry soul, Mithyādsști soul, etc., exist in the dictionary of Aśuddha Niścaya Naya.
Ekadeśa śuddha Niścaya Naya focuses on the partial purity of a soul. "The soul of an enlightened householder is a Samyagdrști soul’- this is a statement of Ekadeśa Suddha Niścaya Naya. Sākṣāta Śuddha Niscaya Naya focuses on the
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