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Society in Jaina Philosophy and Literature
restrictions have been imposed with a view to protect their celibacy." However, in case of calamities, they can give support and can touch each other to save their lives. If a nirgranthasādhu gives support to a slipping or falling sādhvi then he does not disobey the preaching of a Jina.“
Some more sūtras of the Brhatkalpasūtra say that for removal of a thorn, a piece of glass or a chip of stone, a sādhu can help a sādhvi and a sādhvī can help a sādhu.“ Rules regarding behaviour with śrāvakas and śrāvikas by the samaņas and samaņīs have also been mentioned in Jain canonical and later literature. Śrāvakas and śrāvikās are supposed like parents of samaņas and samaņīs for well support of their restraint and disciplined life and good conduct. All the codes of conduct have been laid down for the faultless accomplishment of the fourfold sangha. The codes of conduct support the spiritual advancement of the souls and their flawless behaviour to the world. Ācārya Samantabhadra (6th century) mentions as characteristic of the Jaina tīrtha:
"Your tīrtha is destroyer of all sufferings, and is
eternal, and it leads to welfare of all beings." Theory of karma and Society In the theory of Jaina karma philosophy concept of statusdetermining (gotra) karma is often defined that birth in a higher
BK 3.1.73: no kappai niggamthānam, niggamţthīņam uvassayamsi citthitaye vā --- --- sajjhāyam vā karittaye jhānam vājhāittaye, kāusaggam vā thāittae. BK 6.7.180: niggamthe niggamthini duggamsi vā visamamsi vā pavvayamsi vā pakkhalamānim vā pavadamāņim vā giņhamane vā avalambamāne vā
naikkamai. 42 Vide BK 6.3-18. * YA 61: Sarvāpadāmantakaram nirantam sarvodayam tirthamidam tavaiva.
