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OCTOBER, 1994.) THE BHASHA BHUSHANA OF JAS'WANT SINGH.
279
Atibayokti bhedaka wahai Aurai ha'sibau dékhibau Sambandhatigayokti jaha Ya pura ké mandira kahai. Atiśnyőkti dúji wahai To kara ágai kalpa-taru Atibayokti akrama jabai To sara lagata sáthahi Chapalatyukti jo hétu sau Kankana-hi bhai anú dlari Atyantatisayokti số Vána na pahuchai anga ló.
jo ati bheda dikhátat 1 aurai ya ki báta | 74 11 déta ayôgahi yoga 1 sasi lô: unchau lóga 11 75 11 yoga ayôga balchúna kyó párai sanamána! 76 11 kárana káraja sanga 1 dhanukhahi aru ari anga 11 77 hôta sighra jô káju péya ga'wana suni dju 11 78 11 púrvápara krama ndhi I ari pahilai giri jaht' 11 79 1
11
Translation.
Hyperbole. [The Sahitya-darpana (693) defines a Hyperbole (atićayókli) as a Poetical Fancy (utprékshi) · in which the introsusception (adhyavasáya) is complete (siddha). That is to say, the intro
susception is incomplete in the Poetical Fancy, where the subjective notion is expressed with uncertainty. Whilst in the Hyperbole, it being conceived with certainty, the introsusception is complete.]
[A Hyperbole is of seven kinds accordingly as it (1) depends on a Metaphor (rípakatiśayókti), or (2) on a Concealment (sápahnavátisayoleti), or (3) on a Distinction (heiluleitisuyoleti), or (4) on Relationship (sanibanthétićayóketi), or (5) on Cause and Effect occurring simultaneously (akramátisayókti), or (6) on Effect immediately following the Cause (chapulátisayékli), or (7) on the Sequence to a Causation being inverted (alyantálisuyokti).]
(1) A Metaphor becomes Hyperbole when the object with which comparison is made (upamána) is alone mentioned, as for example: -
I saw a moon upon a golden creeper, which bore two bows and two arrows.'
Here the subjects with which comparison is made, the face, the body of the lady, the eyebrows, and her arrow-glances are not mentioned. Only the objects with which the comparison is made are mentioned.]
(2) When the qualities of one thing are transferred to, and) established upon another it is called Hyperbole dependent on Concealment (súpahnavátisayúlti, or according to another reading apalnavarúpulatisayókti), as for example:
It is thy face which is filled with nectar. If any say that (thy face) is the moon he is mad.' [Nectar properly speaking is contained in the moon.]
(3) A Hyperbole is said to depend upon a Distinction, when it insists on an extreme difference between two objects). (This figure is properly called bhéilukitisuyilti, but some writers owing to a misreading of the first four syllables, which are frequently used as a contraction for the whole name, incorrectly call it bheila-lunti.] An example is :
Her smile is altogether different (from that of others, that is to say, very excellent), so are her glances, and so her language.'
(4) Hyperbole depending on a Relationship is of two kinds :
(a) In the first kind there is an implication of) connexion where there is no connexion, as in the following example :
People call the temple of this city as high as the moon.'
v. 1. sabai
ihi vidhi varnata játa.
