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GEOGRAPHY
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gay, from a place near about Thaneswar. It was bounded on the north and west by the belt of the western Himalayan range called Kșudra. himavanta reaching down to the Arabian Sea. It may be said that the region of Uttarāpatha lay to the north of Aparānta and the west of the Buddhist Mid-land, and was watered by the Himalayan rivers forming the Indus group. Defined in these terms, the region may be taken as identical with what is called Udioya in the Mārkandeya Purāna, and approximately with Manu's Brahmävarta and Brahmarşidesa. The important janapadas that are referred in this Purāņa to this region include, among others, Aparānta, Sūdra, Gandhāra, Yavana, Sindhu, Sauvira, Madra, Pārada, Kekaya, Kāmboja, Darada, Pahava, Barbara, Vāhlíka and Kāśmira. In Pali literature Kamsabhoga with Asitañjana as its capital, Kasmira-Gandhára and Kamboja s are definitely placed in Uttarapatha. According to Brahmanioal tradition, the Kamsa-territory was the kingdom of Mathurā,+ i.e., Sūrasena of which Mathurā was the capital in the time of Mahāvīra and Buddha. The Yona, Kamboja and Gandhära are included,
1 Märkandeya Purana, Ch. 67. 2 Jätaka, iv, p. 79. 8 Anguttara, iv, pp. 262, 266, 260; Vinaya, iii, p. 6; Samantapāsādikā, Sinhalese ed., 1, p. 179.
4 Raychaudhuri, op. cit., 4th ed., p. 119.
