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66 INDIA AS DESCRIBED IN EARLY TEXTS
the like, and kulirakā or kakkatakā (crabs, small and monstrous). The birds were numerous : cakkaväkā (ruddy geese), hamsā, ravihamsā, kadambā (nilahamsā), jīvamjivakā, sweet-voiced kokilā and karavikā, vakā and koñcă (cranes, herons), kosikā (owls), kālakannikā (birds of ill omen), kākā (crows), kapotā or pārevatā (doves and pigeons), kunālā, kurarā, supannā or garulā (kitos, eagles), gijjha (vultures), kakutthā (phasianus gallus), vattakā, latukikā, dindibhā (partridges), and above all, sikhī or morā (poacocks). Of the trees, mention may be made of nigrodhā (banyan), assatthā (poepul), udumbarā (fig), amba (mango), jambu (rose-apple), panasa (jackfruit), sirīsa (shorea robusta), nāga (mesua ferrea), harītaka (terminalia chebula), āmalaka (phyllanthus emblica), vibhitaka (terminalia belerica); of the creepers, äsävatīlatā, atimutta (madhavilatā); of kadali (banana), mātilunga (citron); of the flower trees, campaka, ketaka (castus speciosus). The lakes were decked with the uppala (lilies, white, red and blue), paduma (lotus with one hundred petals) and pundarīkā (lotus with one thousand petals).-.
IV Uttaräpatha or Udicya (North-western India). This part of India extended west and north-wost from the Brahmin village of Thūņa or from Pfthudaka (modern Pohoa), that is to
1 Law, Apadana in JBBRAS., xüü, 1937, p. 236; Barua, Barhut, iü, pp. 86, 586.
