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2 INDIA AS DESCRIBED IN DARLY TEXTS
the Himalayas.1 The Lumbinivana, a village in the time of Asoka, situated on the bank of the Rohiņi on the Kapilavatthu side, was a similar forest. The Nägavana, an elephant-forest at Hatthigāma in the Vajjī realm, the Sālavana of the Mallas at Kusīnārā,4 the Bhesakalāvana at Sumsumāragira in the realm of the Bhaggas, the Simsapăvana at Kosambi,o the one to the north of Setavyā in Kosala," the one near Aļavi and the Pipphalivana of the Moriyas 8 may be cited as othor typical instances of natural forcsts. The Alavi (Ardhamāgadhi, Alabhi), identified by Cunningham and Hoernle with Nowal or Nawal in Unao district in U.P. and by Nandolal Dey with Aviwa, 27 miles north-east of Etwah," was, as its namo implies, a forest tract and formed a Yakşa principality.10 Similarly Kajangala, which lay to the east of Anga and extended from the Ganges in the north-east to the Salalavati or Suvarnarekha in the south-east, was an extensive hill-tract in the Mid-land. The
1 Sumangalaviläsint, i, 309.
2 Jätalca, i, p. 52f.; Kathavatthu, pp. 97, 559; Manorathapurani, i, p. 10.
3 Anguttara, iv, p. 213. 4 Dīgha, ii, p. 146f. 6 Wrongly spelt Sumsumărugiri. Majjhima, i, p. 95;ii, p. 91, etc. 6 Samyutte, v, p. 437. 7 Digha, ü, p. 316. 8 Ibid, ii, p. 164f. • Law, Geography of Early Buddhism, p. 24. 10 Raychaudhuri, op. cit., pp. 160-1.
