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Dravyasamgraha
passions and activities operate. Passions and activities alone operate in the seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth stages of development. In the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth stages, activities alone operate. In the last stage there is no cause for bondage. The causes of bondage have been described.
Jain, S.A., Reality, p. 215-217
Ācārya Kundkund's Pañcāstikāya-Sāra
हेदू चदुव्वियप्पो अट्ठवियप्पस्स कारणं भणिदं । तेसिं पि य रागादी तेसिमभावे ण बज्झंति ॥
(149) The eight kinds of Karmas are said to be caused by the four external conditions or Dravya Pratyayas.1 But these conditions themselves are the result of desire, etc., or Bhāva Pratyayas. Without these intrinsic conditions there will be no bondage.
Chakravarti Nayanar, A., Acārya Kundakunda's Pañcāstikāya-Sāra, p. 122.
1 The external conditions are called Dravya Pratyayas because they are
directly associated with karmic matter and the ultimate psychological conditions are called Bhāva Pratyayas because they refer to the disposition of Ātman. Acārya Kundkund's Pañcāstikāya traces the bondage of karmas to four causal conditions, namely, mithyātva, avirati, kasāya, and yoga. Acārya Umasvami has enumerated five causal conditions, with one additional pramāda (Tattvārthasūtra, 8-1). Some Jaina thinkers take the view that pramāda is implicit in the four mentioned in Pañcāstikāya.
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