Indian Antiquary Vol 20

SR No.: 032512
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: John Faithfull Fleet, Richard Carnac Temple
Publisher: Swati Publications
Publication Year: 1984
Total Pages: 486
Language: English
Classification: Book_English
File Size: 21 MB

Page 163

SYSTEM OF TRANSLITERATION. The system of transliteration followed in this Journal for Sanskrit and Kanarese. (and, for the sake of uniformity, submitted for adoption, as far as possible, in the case of other languages),- except in respect of modern Hindu personal names, in which absolute purism is undesirable, and in respect of a few Anglicised corruptions of names of places, sanctioned by long usage, is this :Sanskrit. Kanarese. Transliteration. Sanskrit.
Kanarene.
Transliteration.
jha
au fill 3 Lidl d & 3
7523 3 3 3
tha da dha
4 831AA# # #A4 21 442 44 44
pha
bha ina
Viearga
1 saryo Jihrimalfya, or old • Visarga before a
aud & U pailh manfya, or old l'isarga be
fore and Anusvára
Anuovdia Anundaika
08&!
Ilia
el &
A4 A
13 KM 13
gha
el d
ha
ela
chha A single hyphen is used to separate words in con position, as far as it is desirable to divide them. It will readily be seen where the single hyphen is only need in the ordinary way, at the end of a line, as divided in the original Text, to indicate that the word rims on into the next line : intermediate divisions, rendered unavoidable here
Toidable here and there by printing hereesities, are made only where absolutely necessary for neatness in the arrangement of the Texts.
A double byphen is used to separate words in a sentence, which in the original are written as one word, being joined together by the euphonic rules of sardhi. Where tbis double hyphen is used, it is to be understood that a final consonant, and the following initial vowel or consonant-and-vowel, are in the original expressed by one complex sign. Where it is not used, it is to be understood of the orthography of the original, that, according to the stage of the alphabet, the final consonant either has the modified broken form, which, in the oldest stages of the alphabet, was need to indicate a consonant with no vowel attached to it, or bas the distinct sign of the virima attached to it; and that the following initial vowel or consonant has its full initial form. In the transcription of ordinary texts, the double hypben is probably unnecessary; except where there is the sandhi of final and initial vowels. Bat, in the transcription of epigraphical records, the use of tbis sign is unavoidable, for the purpose of indicating exactly the palaeographical standard of the original texts.
The avagraha, or sign which indicates the elision of an initial a, is but rarely to be met with in inscriptions. Where it does occnr, it is most conveniently represented by its own Devanagari sign.
So also practice has shewn that it is more convenient to use the ordinary Devanagari marks of punctuation than to substitute the English signs for them.
Ordinary brackets are used for corrections and doubtful points; and square brackets, for letters which are damaged and partially illegible in the original, or which, being wholly illegible, can be supplied with certainty. An asterisk attached to letters or marks of punctuntion in square brackets, indicates that those letters or marks of punctuation were omitted altogether in the original. As a rule, it is more convenient to use the brackets than to have recourse to footnotes; as the points to which attention is to be drawn attract notice far more readily. But notes are given instead, when there would be so many brackets, close together, as to encumber the text and render it inconvenient to read. When any letters in the original are wholly illegible and cannot be supplied, they are represented, in metrical passages, by the sign for a long or a short syllable, as the case may be ; and in prose passages, by points, at the rate, usually, of two for each akshar or syllable.