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A Grammar of Apabhramsa are also used as absolutives. They are doubtless the development of -tvi and tvīnam.
(d) The examples are : d-evam (to give), pāl-avi (to protect), sam-var-eviņu (to cover), j-ěppi (to conquer), ca-ěppiņu (to give up), bhajj-iu (to break), kar-aņa (to do), bhujj-aņaha (to get), etc.
110. Towards the end of Apbh, the first six suffixes went out of use, and the last two merged together as -anā.
(a) In Hindi, .na is the sign of infinitive.
Absolutives
111. It has been pointed out above that the suffixes-ěppi and -ěppiņu as well as -evi and -eviņu are used both for infinitives and absolutives. We may also postulate an intermediate stage *-etpi between -ěppi and the Vedic -itvi. And, needless to say, -evi appears to be the latest in development.
112. The use of the forms like kar-evi, kar-eviņu, etc. both for the infinitive and absolutives may be explained from the fact that the infinitive forms like -tum, -tave and the absolutive form -tvā in the Vedic may be traced back to only one base in tu.
113. In some cases. -ěppi is also abbreviated as -pi : gampi, etc.
(a) Sometimes a weaker form with -evi also is seen : pi-avi (after drinking), etc.
(b) But the real weak form of ovi is -ivi : jbā-ivi (after thinking), děkkh-ivi (after seeing), etc.
114. This -ivi was further reduced to -i, which is the youngest suffix in Apbh : kar-i mār-i, paitthi, etc.
Upto Apbh, this is the whole story, and this was carried on to Awadhi.
