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A Grammar of Apabhramsa
contract, resulting in a : prakața> paada> payaļa, vacana - vaana> vayaņa> vän, etc.
y is both original and secondary. It has appeared to fill up hiatus.
r is original, but in Hindi numerals it represents d. It also changes into 1.
1 is original, but it often represents r and also n : limbaka. for nimbaka. It has also secondarily resulted from d.
s stands for all the sibilants, but sometimes it itself changes. into h : divasa> diaha (day).
h is original, but has also secondary origin from kb, gh, th, dh, ph, bh and sibilants.
ņ is an outgoing sound of Apbh in final position. It is often sent back on the preceding vowel in the form of nasalistion. Thus phalāni> phalāim phalās etc. But often the orthographic representation of this nasalisation by anusvāra creates. confusion.
