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Society in Jaina Philosophy and Literature
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are arranged according to Hindu rituals. Mostly the Hindu Paņạitas perform methodical ceremony of marriages except few instances in Khandelval Digambar Jains and some individuals of various Jain sects.
The Ācāradinakara written by Vardhamānasūri (15th century CE) a disciple of Abhayadevasūri (third) of Rudrapalligaccha is a notable Jaina work, which describes 16 sacraments (samskāra) of a householder, 16 sacraments of a saint and 8 sacraments common for the both." It is the first book in Jain literature which elaborates the sacraments in a systematic way from the Jaina point of view. Sixteen sacraments of household person found in Ācāradinakara are as follows: 1. Conception sacrament (garbhādhāna-samskāra) 2. Male production sacrament (pumsavana-saņskāra) 3. Birth sacrament (janma-saņskāra) 4. Worshiping idols of sun and moon
(sūrya-candra-darśana-saņskāra) 5. Milk feeding sacrament (kṣīrāśana-samskāra) 6. Worshiping mother deity (șașthi-samskāra) 7. Purification sacrament (sucikarma-samskāra) 8. Naming sacrament (nāmakarana-saņskāra) 9. Food giving sacrament (annaprāśana-samskāra) 10. Sacrament of piercing the ears to put earrings on
(karņavedha samskāra) 11. Ceremony of tonsure (cūļākaraṇa-samskāra) 12. Initiation sacrament (upanayana-samskāra)
* See ĀD, pūrva pīthikā and udaya 1-40.
