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According to Dr. Jyotiprasad Jain, Ardra kakumāra was the son of the Iranian Emperor Cyrus (circa 558-530 B. C.) Bharatiya Itihāsa: Ek Drsti, Bharatiya Jnanpith, Kasi, 1961, Pp. 67-68.
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Sri Silankācārya, Sūtrakrtāngavrtii, Sri Godiji Parśvanath Jain Derasarpedhi, Bombay, 1950, Sru. 2, adhyaya 6, gāthā 29.
In Dighanikaya Mahanidana Sutta, three types of existences have been distinguished. They are: kama bhava, rupa bhava, arupa bhava. In arupa bhava, there is no form. The last species has been stated to be the best. Cf. Suyagadanga, Rajkot, 1938, Sru. 2, Adhyayana 6. pinnagapindimavi viddha sūle,
kei paejja purise immetti. alauyam vavi kumaraga tti,
sa lippai panivahena amham. aha vāvi viddhuņa milakkhu sule, pinnagabuddhie naram paejjā. kumā ragam vavi alaue tti,
na lippai panivahena amhām. purisam ca viddhuna kumā ragaṁ va, sulammi kei pae jāyatee. pinnayapindim saima ruhetta,
buddhana tam kappatti paranãe. sināyagānam tu duve sahasse,
je bhoyne nitae bhikhayanaṁ. te punnakhamdham sumahajjanitta, bhavamti acoppa mahamtasatta.
Commentator Silankacārya (2. 6. 49) has called him ekadandi. According to Jacobi, he was a vedantist (S. B. E., vol. XV., P. 417n). The latter view seems more appropriate.
Cf. niggantha-dhammammi imam samahim assim suțhicca anihe carejjā buddhe muni sila-gunovave-e accathatam (o) paunati silogam
Bauddha-parva (in Marathi) Pra. 10, P. 127; Also Bhagavati Sutra, ed. by Pandit Becardas, Vol. II, P. 56.
