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Vaishali Institute Research Bulletin No. 8
are referred to but in a typical conventional manner. Trade and currency system assume an ambivalent nature. The descriptions are primarily stereotype. They clearly testify to weakened urban economic activities and this is in consonance with the feudal complex that had crystallised by that time.
36
References :
1. Kalpana Jha, Urbanisation in Early Medieval North India: An Analysis of the Samaraichchakaha, Patna, 1990, pp. 29-32.
2. M. C. Modi (ed.), Samaraichchakahā, Ahmedabad, 1935-36, Introduction (henceforth referred to as SK).
3. Ibid., III, p. 172; IV., pp. 240-241, 256, 261, 285, 287.
4. Ibid., IV, pp. 257, 286-287.
5. Ibid., IV, p. 242, VI, pp. 504, 509, 511-512, 535, 537, 553-554, 554555, VII, pp. 656, 658, 666-667, 672.
6. Ibid., p. 476 ff.
7. Ibid., VI, pp. 511-512; VII, pp. 656-658.
8. B.N.S. Yadav, Society and Culture in Northern India in the Twelfth Century, Allahabad, 1973, pp. 271-272.
9. Ibid., p. 272.
10. Ibid.
11. SK, VII, pp. 655-679.
12. D. Sharma (ed.), Rajasthan through the Ages, Vol. I, Bikaner, 1966, P. 428; SK, VI, 511-512.
13. SK, VI, p. 510 ff.
14. Ibid., I, pp. 39-63.
15. Ibid., p. 63.
16. Ibid., p. 39.
17. Nāradasmrti, I, 61-64-65.
18. SK, VI, p. 510 ff.
19. Ibid, IV, p. 260; VII, pp. 714-717; IX, p. 858.
20. Epigraphica India, Vol. XX, p. 55.
21. Ibid., Vol. XXI, p. 48. This haṭṭa was managed by a mandala (Archaeological Survey of India, Annual Report, 1936-37, p. 91).
22. SK, IV, p. 260; VII, pp. 714-717, IX mp. 858.
23. Ibid., V., p. 498.
24. Ibid., IV, pp. 246, 251, 268; VI, pp. 539-540.
25. J. Yadav, Samarāichchakahā : Ek Sāmskritika Adhyayana, Varanasi, 1977.
26. SK, VI, pp. 509, 551, 562.
27. Ibid., IV, pp. 250,
259.
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