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INTRODUCTION
. intermingled with those of a bamboo without distinction or demarcation among them.
(2) Samgraha is the description of a thing from the standpoint of its general qualities alone. It is the standpoint of genus. For instance, when the word jîva (soul) is uttered, it refers to all kinds of jîvas, without distinguishing among them, in respect of type, form, etc., etc.
(3) Vyavahára, or the particular, is that point of view which makes a distinction between a genus and its species.
The feature of distinction between the Samgraha and the Vyavahúra lies in the fact that, while the former takes into consideration only the general qualities of a thing, the latter deals only with the particular attributes thereof. The Samgraha is the standpoint of a genus, but the Vyavahára that of species.
(4) Rijusutra is the standpoint which only takes into account the present form of a thing, without reference to its past or future aspects. When a statement is made from this standpoint it is not to be taken as an absolute truth under all conditions, since the speaker only confines his observations to the present condition of the thing he describes, without troubling himself as to its past and future possibilities
