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LECTURE XXVIII.
153
This is the fivefold knowledge. The wise ones have taught the knowledge of substances, qualities, and all developments? (5)
Substance is the substrate of qualities; the qualities are inherent in one substance; but the characteristic of developments is that they inhere in either (viz. substances or qualities). (6)
Dharma, Adharma, space, time, matter, and souls (are the six kinds of substances 2); they make up this world, as has been taught by the Ginas who possess the best knowledge. (7)
Dharma, Adharma, and space are each one substance only; but time, matter, and souls are an infinite number of substances. (8)
The characteristic of Dharma is motion, that of Adharma immobility, and that of space 3, which contains all other substances, is to make room (for everything) 4 (9)
The characteristic of time is duration, that of soul the realisation of knowledge, faith, happiness, and misery. (10)
The characteristic of Soul is knowledge, faith, conduct, austerities, energy, and realisation (of its developments). (11)
The characteristic of matter is sound, darkness,
Dravya, guna, paryâya (paggava in Gaina Prâkrit). Guna, quality, is generally not admitted by the Gainas as a separate category, see Sîlanka's refutation of the Vaisêshika doctrines at the end of his comments on Sûtrakritânga I, 12 (Bombay edition, p. 482).
? They are frequently called astikâyas, or realities. 9 It is here called nabhas instead of â kâ sa. • Avagâha.
o Vartanâ. • Upayôga.
