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fellow ascetics, to the ritualistic and ethical rules, to one! Guru, etc.
3. Vaiyavrillya, i.e. unselfish service, corresponds, to some extent, to the idea of Bhakti in Hindu Religion. Vaiyavrittya, or Veyavachcha, as it is generally called, with its old Prakrit name, is to be rendered to one's supe. riors by rank and seniority, to sick fellow-ascetics, or such engaged in austerities, to young ascetics, to one's closer or wider ascetical community, and to the Sangha, the general community.
4. Svadhyaya, i.e. Study, viz. teaching and learning, discussing, repeating, meditating upon, and preaching on religious matters. • 5. Subha-Dhyana, i.e. Pure Meditation, which is either Dharma Dhyana, i.e. Religious Meditation, or Sukla-Dhyana i.e. Bright Meditation, which latter is distinguished by its faultless purity and its profoundness. Both the kinds of Pure Meditation have various sub-divisions. A descrip tion of them would, however, form a whole chapter in itself.
6. Kayotsarga, which occured already as one of the kinds of Prayaschitta. The ascetic practising the Kayot. sarga austerity either gives up the society of his fellow: ascetics and roams about, alone and naked, as a Jinakalpi Sadhu, or he takes the vow of Samlekhana, or tries to give up all passions, and thereby opens the way for a complete annihilation of all his Karma. . It is not necessary to add that many of the austerities described can well be practised by laymen too, who, indeed, enthusiastically: undergo austerities of incredible rigour;
