________________
54 INDIA AS DESCRIBED IN DARLY TEXTS
town between Jambugāma and Pāvā on the high road connecting Vesālī with Kapilavatthu,1 The river Kakutthā formed the boundary between the two territories, for after crossing it one could reach the Sal grove of Kusinārā on the river Hirañõavatī. Kusīnārā which was just a daub town was in bygone ages the most flourishing and magnificent city of Kusävati, 12 leagues in length from east to west and 7 leagues in breadth from north to south. Anupiya or Anupiyā was another Malla town, evidently on the same high road, between Kusīnārā and the river Anomã,: the latter serving as a dividing line between the Sakya and Malla territories. The Uruvelakappa was yet another Malla town. In' the neighbourhood stood Mahāvana which was an extensive forest.4 Of the two cities of Pāvā and Kusinārā, the first may probably be identified with Kasia on the smaller Gandak and to the east of the Gorakhpur district, and the second with the village called Padaraona, 12 miles to the north-east of Kasia. Hiuen Tsang's journey from Kusinagara to Benares covering a distance of 500 li lay through a great forest. 5
1 Digha, d, p. 123; Sutta-nopāta, verses 1012-13. . Ibid., 11, p. 146f. * Jätaka, 1, pp. 85, 140, Digha, iu, p. 1, Vmaya, 11, pp. 180, 184. * Šamyutta, iv, pp. 327, 380, V, p. 228, Anguttara, 10, p 438. 6 Beal, Buddhist Records, 1, p. 43.
