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230 INDIA AS DESORIBED. IN DARLY TEXTS
I'ne same text distinguishes between the Brāhmaṇa and Kşatriya Parivrājakas, and de-- scribes them as those religieux who either followed the Kāpila school of Sankhya or the Bhārgaya school of Yoga, or represented the four grades of Indian ascetics: Bahüdakā, Kuţibratā (Kuticakā), Hamsa and Paramahamsā. Some of them were Krşņa Parivrājakas 1. The Ajīvikas are placed in a different category, their description being the same as in Palia. It may be noted that even in Gosālas doctrine, the Ājivika orders were distinguished from those of the Parivrăjakas 8
A gradation of nisthă or goals aimed at by the Tăpasas, Paribbājakas and Ajīvikas is suggested in the Aupapātika Sütra, Buddhaghosa's Papañcasüdani, some of the later Upanisacs as well as Gośāla's doctrine of six Abhijātas or grades of spiritual advancement. The six grades are described in terms of six colours as the black (kaņha), the blue (nila), tlie red (lohita), the turmeric (halidda), the white (sukka), and the supremely white (paramasukka 4). Corresponding to them we have mention of the following six grades in the Samnyāsa Upanişad: ätura,
1 dupapatika Sutra, secs. 76-81. 9 Ibid., sec. 120.
Digha, i, p. 54: ekūnapannäsa-ājīuceato, Paribbājakasate. -4 Barua in I.A.Q., iü, p. 267f. .
skūnapangaran
