________________
-how it is attained.
cd.
to the Naiyâyika, a chimera : it is a psychogical fallacy to assert that any such state exists, for, pleasure is always accompanied by pain and without pain there could be no pleasure.
Liberation, thus according to the Nydya,
is a state of negative pleasure and is proLiberation of Nyâya duced by deliverance from pain. The next
question that naturally presents itself to the Naiyâyika, is how this deliverance is to be secured ?' Liberation, says the Naiyâyika, arises from the knowledge of the truth, the knowledge of the cause of pain and of the means of its removal. Liberation, however, must not be supposed to arise immediately after the knowledge of the truth has been attained, for, the causes of pain form a series which can only be annihilated in succession, and succession is a process in time. The series of the sucessive causes of pain is : (1) false notions (mithyagnanam), giving rise to (2) faults (doshani) which lead to (3) activity (karma) which again is the cause of birth (ianma) and birth is the cause of pain (dukkha). Hence in order to shake off pain we have to strike at the very root
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