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( 48 ) great vows. Are these not the five great vows of the Jains ? And du we not know that the five great vows were first enjoined by Mahavira ? Before him there were only four great vows of Parshva Nath, viz., ahimsa, satya, astcya, and aparigraha, and the last included Brahmacharya. Maliavira, because the saints in his days were prevaricating and slow of understanding enjoined Brahmacharya as a separate fifth vow. Thus “The law taught by the great Parshva Nath recognises but four vows, while that of Vardhamanız enjoins five" (Uttaradhayayana, Lecture XXIII. 23) Dr. Jacobi tells us that in Samanaphala Sutta, a Buddhist work, these four great vows of Parshva Nath are wrongly put into the mouth of Mahavira. Did Patanjali borrow from Mahavira ? The four as well as the five great vows inust have been the conimon property of all Yogis in ancient Indiet.
Let us now turn to the Samkhya Darshana l'he Sanıkhya Dar- of Kapila. In the Sutra 6 it is said
“afagot: " “And there is no clifference betwecn the two." That is, there is no difference between the visible and the Vedic means of removing Dukha or pain. The two are equal. Why? Because the Vedic sacrifices are tainted by cruelty. The slaughter of animals in sacrifices must produce bad fruit and the Prusha must suffer for it.
In fact a follower of Kapila is a faithful adherent to the Sruti. “One should not kill any animal."
“Atferia #afuafa”
shana.
