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FRAGMENTS OF A PRISONER'S DIARY
which reaction to the stimulus takes place. In any case, the continuity of spiritual life throughout the successive forms of animal life is generally adanitted by modlern psychology which is no longer considered to be "the science of the soul", but has become a part of biology, completely identified with physiology. Animal psychology is still young; but zoological rescarches have gone very far towards precise knowledge regarding the facts of animal life. Zoology does not show any place where a line can be drawn separating the animals with soul from those denied the privilege of this "livinc light". The line can certainly not be drawn to differentiate man from the rest of the animal kingdom. The similarity of physical organs and functions, which cause spiritual activities, is too evident for the purpose. Even the cffort to draw the line at the beginning of the cvolution of biological forms with the central nervous system, is not successful. For, scientifically, even the amoeba cannot be denied some sort of psychical experience. It reacts to external stimuli; so, there must be a corresponding internal process.
As regards higher mammals-elephants, horses, dogs, apes (my species is also included in this aristocracy of animals)-there is no room for doubt about their intelligence. About feelings and emotions, the room for doubt is altogether absent. Of course, while claiming intelligence, a claim fully
