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METAPHYSICS
235 (634) Know that just as Dharma is substance, so is the Adharma. It is helpful in bringing about the rest of the Jivas and Pudgalas capable of being static.
(635) The substance space is devoid of consciousness, is incorporeal, accommodating and all-pervading. It is of two types one is lokākāśa i. e. (space within the universe) and Alokakasa i. e. space beyond the universe.
(636) It is explained that the loka i. e, universe consists of living and non-living substances, whereas Aloka consists of only a part of one non-living substance i. e. (space).
(637) The substance time is devoid of attributes likę touch, taste, smell and colour and properties like heaviness and lightness. It is characterized by mutation.
(638) The multiple mutations and various modes of the soul and matter are mainly due to time substance.
(639) From practical view-point the time is measured by diverse units like avali (closing and opening of eye-lids) Ucchvāsa (time taken in an exhalation), Prāņa (taken in one respiration and stoka (second). It is asserted by the Jinas.
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