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Dravyasamgraha
universe consists of two different kinds of substances, the living i.e., self-conscious, and the jara, that is, unconscious, or Ajīva, as they are called in the philosophy of Jainism.
We must also make the allowance for their interplay. This necessitates a common ground for action, as well as the determination of the accompanying causes which bring about and render that interplay possible. We thus get Space, Time, the continuous ether, i.e., the medium of motion, and another kind of ether as the medium of rest. Of course. Time is the principl of continuity and is recognized as a separate substance in the Jaina philosophy.
The medium of motion and that of rest are called Dharma and Adharma respectively, and the matter is known as Pudgala. These are all the substances necessary for the worldprocess which may be enumerated in the following tabulated form:
THE SIX SUBSTANCES (Dravyas)
SUBSTANCE
δίνα
Ajīva
Space (ākāśa)
Time (kāla)
Medium of motion
(dharma)
Medium of rest
(adharma)
Matter (pudgala)
Jainism posits these six substances as eternal, and claims that no world process is possible without them.
Jain, Champat Rai, The Key of Knowledge, p. 473.
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