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Dravyasamgraha
order to remove attachment to pleasures and to proclaim the glory of the teachings of the Lord. What is the difference between affliction and mortification? Affliction is what causes by chance. Mortification is self-imposed. These are called external, because these are dependent on external things and these are seen by others.
Jain, S.A., Reality, p. 262-263.
Ācārya Umasvami's Tattvārthasūtra
yrefstafa adunarkaryanrfmnapa4 II (9-20) Expiation (prāyaścitta), reverence (vinaya), service (vaiyāvịttya), study (svādhyāya), renunciation (vyutsarga), and meditation (dhyāna) are the internal austerities (antarang tapas).
Ācārya Puujyapada’s Sarvārthasiddhi How are these internal? These are internal as the mind is restrained or subdued in these cases. The removal of sins committed by negligence or under the influence of passions is expiation. Reverence to the holy personages is ‘vinaya'. Service is the help rendered to the saints in difficulty by bodily activity or with things. Contemplation of knowledge or giving up sloth or idleness is study. The giving up of the attitude of 'I' and ‘mine' is renunciation. Checking the ramblings of the mind is meditation.
Jain, S.A., Reality, p. 263.
Destruction of karmas (nirjarā) With the doorways of sin closed and fastened with the bolt of renunciation, the effect of the evil deeds of the past can be
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