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OUTLINES OF JAINISM
of five propositions. To take an elementary example:
Man is mortal.
John is a man.
.: John is mortal. The Jaina logician would argue thus:
Jack died, Fox died, Herbert died, and so did
William ; Jack, Fox, Herbert, and William are truly
universal types of man. .. All men die.
John is a man. .: John will die. It seems wasteful to have five propositions in a syllogism, when three would do. But really the great merit of Jaina logic is to combine the inductive and deductive methods, and so by its very method more or less to answer in anticipation the criticism that logic is a barren kind of intellectual gymnastics, and to a certain extent also that logic is merely formal and has nothing at all to do with the matter of the argument.
[NOTE.-As authorities for this chapter we may cite the Tattvārthādhigama-sūtra of Umā-svati, the Pramāna-naya-tattvālokālāņkāra of Vādideva Sūri, the Syād-vādu-mañjarī of Malli-shena, the Parīksamukha of Māņikya-nandin, and the Nyāya-bindu of Siddha-sena Diva-kara, edited with English translation by Professor Satiśchandra Vidyābhīshana, also the English work by Mr. Jhaveri cited in the Preliminary Note.]
