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The Doctrine of Nayas: Infinite Modes and Infinite Approaches
73
Such type of thinking represents the philosophy of absolute difference between a substance and its modes. The basic presumption of such logic is the absolute impossibility of any point of contact between a substance and its modes which belong to the substance though absolutely unrelated with
Absence of Co-existence
The black colour and the crow cannot co-exist in -the same substratum, because the modes (such as the colour and crowhood) are possessed of their own potencies which are independently existent, there being nothing called substance as the substratum of those modes. If on the basis of the predominance of black colour in it a crow is called black, then even the blankets, that are predominantly black, should be classified with the crows. The predominance of a particular mode cannot be accepted as the essence of another subordinate mode that is co-existent with it. Impossibility of Substantive - Adjective Relationship The admission of substantive - adjective relationship between two different modes would entail promiscuity of thought. And in the case of identical modes, such relationship is out of the question.
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