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Bando
A viewpoint (naya) has a double function, viz. experience of the object and its verbal expression. All the viewpoints may be considered idealistic (jñāna naya) on account of their being of the nature of experience. They can also be considered as linguistic (sabda naya) on account of their being expressed in verbal propositions.
The nature of a thing (substance) is sometimes determined with reference to its intrinsic nature or the material cause (upādāna kārana) while on other occasions it is determined with reference to modes arising from extraneous sources. In the former case the viewpoints may be called transcendental (niścaya naya) and in the latter the empirical (vyavahāra naya).
The propounder of non-absolutism does not claim the validity or invalidity of a viewpoint but proclaims that a viewpoint independent of other viewpoints is false whereas a viewpoint dependent on other viewpoints is true and genuine.
Key-Words
Akāśāstikāya
Artha naya Artha-paryaya Atyantābhāva
Bhagirathi
Jñāna naya Kriyamāna-krta
Neti neti
Sāmānya Sattā
Sthapana-niksepa Upādāna kārana Visesa
Vyanjana-paryāya
Jain Education International
Accommodation
ontological viewpoint objective mode
Non-existence
Selfsame Ganges heaven Idealistic standpoint Process and Product
Negatively verbal symbol Universal
Real
An image Material cause
Particular
The verbal or conceptual mode
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