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THE SCIENCE OF THOUGHT.
ascertainment of truth, which is almost as good as already known.
We thus conclude that the senses do not give rise to pramâna, though they play no unimportant part in the process of perception.
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CHAPTER XII.
Pramâna is distinguishable from error by the fact that it cannot be falsified by any means, so that whatever can be shown to be false is not valid. Pramâna arises in one of the two following ways, (1) in the case of familiar objects, immediately, and (2) in all other cases, upon further enquiry or experiment.
The same is the case with mental conviction, that is to say the consciousness of validity or certainty; it also arises immediately and from within in the case of familiar objects, but on further investigation in all others.
CHAPTER XIII.
Things in nature are characterised by manysidedness. Each of them presents a number of aspects which have to be known before we can be said to have exact knowledge of their nature. The different points of view for studying things
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