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INDO-EUROPEAN VOWEL SYNTHESIS
15
aeuter plural mostly present yra type. Same case is also with other stems such as ạna for n etc. The examples preseated below therefore mostly represent IE reconstructions based on actually attested forms in IE historical languages, disregarding the positional variation and with an attempt to explain the formations in the historical languages. IE tri to>iri cp Skt (Va) trī, MIA (Asokan) ti, Av
ci (ci-ca) <IE qW1, Lat trī- (as in tri-gintā), OIrish
tri, tri, Lith try-lika, OCS tri. 1E tri-tatriya cp Gk tria, idria, Lat tria, maria cp
also Goth prija, (where a < IE a is retained after a IE a neuter plural of -o stem); cp Gk phérousa (< *pherontya > IE bherontya (3); cp Skt bharanti Av barənti) beside Gk pótnia (IE potniya, cp Skt
patnīKIE potni). IE medhu ta> medhū, cp Skt (vd) madhū, purū (<IE
pļlū), Av pouru, gAv vohū (=Skt (Vd) vasū). JE ĝenu to a > ĝenuwa cp Gk (Hom) gouna, (Lesb)
gonna, Lat genua, Goth kniwa (-a<a retained after
a<IE ā in neut pl). IE qetwr ta > qetwř cp Gk (Dor) tetró-(konta), Av
ca wara-(sat-) (<canwar-<IIr catvē), Arm karasun (kar- < qutwř; for Arm ar < ý cp Arm arm-ukna Skt irma, and Av arama- (vide Brugmann I 306 p.
241), Lat quadrā-(gintā). JE q"etwr --->q"etwrrə, cp Gk (Att) téttara, (Boot)
pétara; But Gk (Dor) tétora may be from an earlier
*tetor <*tet7, which has added -a after tria or after : téttara, etc. as a dialectal borrowing. Gk téttares
5. Not even in Skt where it has become irsūr and Skt s
is a new analogical creation in the r-stems.
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