Reals on the Jaina Metaphysics

SR No.: 001619
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Harisatya Bhattacharya
Publisher: Shatnidas Khetsy Charitable Trust Mumbai
Publication Year: 1966
Total Pages: 430
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Philosophy, Religion, & Epistemology
File Size: 8 MB

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Reals in the Jaina Metaphysics objects cannot be said to be infinite in number, so far as their essential nature is concerned.
A study of the further characteristics of the unconscious objects will show this.
The unconscious objects are found to be Hetumat; none of them are self-existent, but all of them originate from causes. Secondly, they are all Anitya or non-eternal. Thirdly, they are Avyāpi i.e. they are all limited in their extent, non-infinite. Fourthly, they are Sakriya i.e. active, all of them move and none of them is motionless like the soul. Fifthly, they are Aneka i.e. of various kinds. Sixthly, they are Assita i.e. dependent on their causes. Seventhly, they are Linga i.e. all of them have their destructions and ends. Eighthly, they are Sāvayava i.e. all of them are constituted of subtler parts. Ninthly, they are Paratantra i.e. none of them are independent. What do these characteristics of the objects of our experience show? These characteristics imply that the non-psychical objects and phenomena arise from an ultimate cause. The Sāmkhya theory is that effects do not come from nothing but come out of their causes in which they lie in a subtle state. Effectuation is becoming explicit of what was already existent in an implicit state in the cause. The Sāṁkhya thinkers support this by their theory of causation—the theory that the effect is existent in the cause, by five modes of argument which are as follows:
SĀMKHYA THEORY OF SAT-KARYA-VĀDA
1. 374°FT -One strives to produce only what is existent and not what is absolutely non-existent. It is because oil is existent in seeds that one would try to produce it from them.
2. उपादानग्रहणात्-It is because the effect is existent in the cause that people collect their necessary materials. Take the case of a lump of clay; it is neither a pitcher nor a piece of cloth. Still one wanting to make a pitcher would gather the clay. Why? Because he knows that this lump has the pitcher in it in an embryonic state, so to say; that