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B. Some aspects of the development of the
Gujarati passive
Passive, optative and future imperative stems Development From Prakrit to Old and Modern Gujarati
1. Origin and development of O. Guj stems ending in -ija, -ia-.
(1.) According to Pāņini's Astādhyāyi (3,3,161) Sanskrit Optative (potential, lin, vidhi-lin, vidhyartha) is used in the following senscs :
(1) Prescription : yajcia; ivam grāmam gacchch (2) Invitation : iha bhavān bhuñjita. (3) Icavc permission : ihāsita bhavān. (4) Duty: putram adhyapaycd bhavān. (5) Politc query : bho vedamadhiyiya uta tarkam ? (6) Request : bho bhojanam labhcya.
It should be noted that Sanskrit Imperative as well as Potential Passive Participle also shared these meanings (Astädhyāyi, 3, 3, 163).
(2.) When optative is used to advise a particular conduct or to preach, it is subjectless :
äpadarthe dhanam raksci, dārās raksed dhanair api / atmānam satatam raksed, dārairapi dhanair api 11
(3.) In Prakrit the form ending in -(e)ijā, -(e) ja is used as optative. It can also take personal endings :-(C)jjāmi ctc. (Siddhahoma, 8.3 165; 167). The same form is used as Imperative second person singular (Siddhahcma, 8,3, 175). According to another view these forms are used to convey the meaning of other tenses and moods also (Siddhahema, 8, 3, 177).
4. According to Siddhahema 8.3, 160 - ia-or-ijja-suffixis used
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