Udisa me Jain Dharm

Author(s): Lakshminarayan Shah
Publisher: Akhil Vishwa Jain Mission
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010143/1

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bora sevA mandira dillI krama saMkhyA kAla na0 khaNDa 3664 2 (5414) 'sAhU

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jaina muli kA puSpa ur3IsA meM jaina MAP lakSmI nArAyasAha ma. .. . jar3IsA sAhitya akAdamI .. vIra ni.saM0 24 vikramAbda 2016 kiSTAda 195E zrI akhila vizva jaina mizana athama saMskaraNa } alIgaMja (eTA) I mahIna

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prakAzaka: akhila vizva jaina mizana. alIgaMja (eTA) jiyo aura jIne do ! ahiMsA paramodharmaH yato dharmastato jayaH nibaloM ko mata trAsa do ! muka:mahAvIra mudraNAlaya alIgaMja (eTA) u0pra0

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* do zabda * 'supavata-vijaya-cakra- kumArIpavate // 1 // 14 khaNDagiri-udayagiri ke prasiddha aura prAcIna hAthIguphA zilAlekha ke ukta vAkya meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki kumArI parvata se jainadharma kA vijayacakra prarvatamAna huA thA / usI zilAlekha se yaha bhI siddha hai kiM kaliMga meM aya-jina RSabha kI vizeSa mAnyatA thI- unakI mUrti kaliMga kI rASTrIya nidhi mAnI jAtI thI, jise nandarAjA pATali putra le gaye the| kiMtu khAravela kaliGga rASTra ke usa gaurava cinha ko vijaya karake vApasa lAye the / 'mArkaNDeyapurANa' kI telugu AvRtti se spaSTa hai ki kaliGga para jisa nandarAjA ne zAsana kiyA thA vaha jaina thaa| jaina hone ke kAraNa hI vaha amajinakI mUrti ko pATaliputra le gayA thaa| ina ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki kaliGga meM jaina dharma kA astitva eka atyanta prAcIna kAla se hai| svayaM tIrthaMkara RSabha aura phira anta meM tIrthakara mahAvIra ne kaliMga meM vihAra kiyA aura jaina dharmacakra kA pravartana kumArI parvata kI divya coTI se kiyaa| bha0 mahAvIra ke samaya meM unake phUphA jitazatru kaliMga para zAsana karate the| unake pazcAt kaI zatAbdiyoM taka jaina dharma kA prabhAva kaliMga ke mAnava jIvana para banA rahA; parantu madhyakAla meM vaha hataprabha huaa| phira bhI usakA prabhAva kaliMga ke loka jIvanameM niHzeSa na ho skaa| Aja bhI lAkhoM sazaka-prAcIna zrAvaka (jaina) hI haiN| pUjya sva0 ma0 zItala prasAda jI ne kaliMga, jise Aja kala ur3IsA kahate haiM, usameM hI 'koTazilA' jaise prAcIna tIrtha kA patA lagAyA thA, kintu usakA uddhAra Aja taka nahIM huA hai ! mata kahanA hogA ki nissaMdeha kaliMga athavA ur3IsA jaina dharma kA pramukha kendrIya pradeza rahA hai aura usane vahAM ke jana jIvana ko ahisA ke pAvana raMgameM raMgA hai / yadyapi Aja ur3IsA meM eka bhI jainI nahIM hai, phira bhI usakA prabhAva aba bhI jIvita hai| ur3IsA sarakAra ke pradhAna mantrImA zrI DaoN0 harekRSNa mehatAba isa prabhAva se aparicita nahIM hai| vaha svayaM ahiMsA ke eka jIvita pratIka haiN| unase jaba a0 vizva jaina mizana ne yaha nivedana kiyA ki kumArI parvata para kaliMga kI pUrva paramparA ke anusAra, eka hisA sammelana bulAyA jAya, to unhoMne isa sujhAva ko pasaMda

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kiyA jisake lie mizana unakA AbhArI hai aura likhA ki isa varSa to nahIM, kintu sabhava hai ki san 1660 meM aisA ahisA sammelana bulAyA jA sake / mA0 pradhAna maMtrI kA yaha AzvAsana ahiMsA ke liye eka vizeSa mahatva kA hai| kaliMga meM jainadharma ke liye eka dUsarI gauravazAlI bAta yaha bhI hai ki vahA~ ke sarvazreSTa aura loka prasiddha zAsaka kaliMga cakavartI samrAT khAravela jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| kaliMga ke rAjavaMza meM jainadharma kaI zatAbdiyoM taka mAnya rahA thA / khAravela jaise vIra vijetA ke Agamana kI vArtA ko sunate hI videzI yavana damatrayasa (Demiterius) mathurA choDa kara bhAga gayA thA / sacamuca bhAratIya svAdhInanA ke sarakSaka vIra khAravela the / kinnu yaha eka baDI kamI thI ki ina mahAna vIra zAsaka aura kaliMga dezameM jainadharma ke prabhAva kI paricAyaka koI bhI pustaka hindI meM na thI / isa kamI kI pUrti karane kA vicAra kaI bAra sAmane AyA, para samaya para hI saba kAma hote haiM / 0 saMbhavataH san 1657 meM kisI samaya kaTaka ke vayovRddha vidvAn DaoN0 zrI lakSmInArAyaNa jI sAhU ne hameM likhA ki vaha 'uDIsA meM jaina gha' viSayaka thIsisa likha rahe haiM, jisake lie unako kaI graMthoM kI AvazyakatA hai| mizana kA antarrASTrIya jaina vidyApITha isa prakAra kI zodha ko saphala banAne ke liye hI hai / ataH sAhU jI ko sAhitya bhejA gayA aura unako pUrA sahayoga diyA gayA / zrakhira unakI thIsisa pUrI huI aura utkala vizvavidyAlaya ne use mAnyatA dekara sAhU jI ko DaoNkTara kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA / yadyapi unhoMne ise uDiyA bhASA meM likhA thA aura ur3iyAbhASI janoM kA abhAva hote hue bhI usakA prakAzana kaTaka se sundara rUpa meM huA dekhakara hameM lagA ki uDiyA bhAiyoM meM apanI prAcIna dharma saskRti ke prati kitanA gahana Adara bhAva hai| isI samaya hamane DaoNkTara sAhU ko likhA ki vaha ise hindI bhASA meM likheM to yaha mizana kI vidyApITha dvArA mAnya kI jAkara prakAzita ho sakatI hai| hindI kA vizeSa jJAna na rakhate hue bhI unhoMne hamAre sujhAva ko svIkAra kiyA aura apane mitroM ke sahayoga se ise hindI kA rUpAntara dekara rASTrabhASA ko gaurava nvita kiyA hai / aprela 58 ko bhopAla ke antarrASTrIya ahiMsA sammelana meM

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zrImAn seTha amaracanda jI jaina, pahADyA sA0 kalakattA (Apake hI Arthika sahayoga se prastuta pustaka prakAzita ho rahI hai / etadartha dhanyavAda / )

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mizana vidyApITha dvArA prastuta grantha mAnya huA aura isake upalakSa meM DaoNkTara sAhU ko 'itihAsa ratna' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gayA / isake liye mizana DaoNkTara sAhU kA atyanta AbhArI hai / DaoN0 sAhU ne baDai parizrama se khoja karake ise likhA hai aura isake liye upayukta citra bhI Apa hI ne hameM bheje haiN| unake niSkarSa aura pariNAma apanA mahatva rakhate haiM / sabhava hai ki unase koI vidvAna kahIM para sahamata na ho. kintu phira bhI unakI prAmANikatA meM sazaya nahI kiyA jA sakatA / nissadeha unhone uDIsA meM jainadharma kA paricaya upasthita karane meM koI kora kasara bAkI nahIM chor3I hai / isa vRddhAvasthA meM- svAMsa roga se pIDita hote huye bhI- ApakI jJAnopAsanA kI lagana anukaraNIya aura prazasanIya hai / bhopAla mizana adhivezana ke sanApati palAsavADI ke karmaTha vIra aura dharma prabhAvaka dAnavIra zrImAn seTha amaracanda jI pahADyA ina vidvAnoM kI racanAoM se aise prabhAvita huye ki unhone usI samaya grantha prakAzana ke lie mizana ko pAMca hajAra ru0 pradAna karane kI ghoSaNA kii| seTha sA0 kI isa dAnazIlatA se isa prakAzana sugamasAdhya huA hai| mizana seTha sA0 kA bhArI hai aura unase vaha aura bhI vizeSa AzA rakhatA hai / pustaka Apake samakSa he jo mizana ke sadasyA ko bheMTa kI jA rahI hai / kucha pratiyAM baceMgI, jinako sarva sAdhAraNa pAThaka bhI prApta kara skeNge| AzA hai, pustaka sabhI ko racikara hogI / vinIta samanbhilAha jaina - nareza saMcAlaka a0 vi0 jaina mizana alIgaMja (eTA)

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grantha-praveza papazrI zrI lakSmInArAyaNa sAhU jI ne jIvana kI pariNata avasthAmeM pUrvApara sagati ke sAtha vidhivata rUpase jainadharmake bAre meM eka saya likhA hai| isa prathako mor3IsA vizvavidyAlaya meM dekara isake liye DAkTarakI upAdhi prApta karanekI sukhada kalpanA unheM rhii| jainadharmake Upara,khAsa kara utkalake jainadharma ke sabadha aisA dUsarA patha meMne pahale nahI dekhA thA / abhI taka prApta purAvida tayyAnukUla-uskalake dharmarAjyameM jainadharmakA jo sthAna hai, use unhoMne itihAsa-paraMparA tathA sAmAjika vizvAsa paura anuSThAna mAdise bahu prayatna mora prayAsake sAtha cunakara likhA hai aura usa para pAlocanA kI hai| bIca bIca meM prasagake anurodha se unhoMne aitihAsika gaveSaNAke nUtana mAviSkAroke para jo sAdara nirdeza kiyA hai, vaha bar3A hI sundara aura upAdeya rahA hai| gaveSaNAkA prakAra utkala tathA bhAratake aitihAsika kSetra meM aisI bahuta-sI bAteM haiM jinako satya yA nizcaya mAna lenA ThIka nahIM hogA / lekina mAlocanAke liye nayo gaveSaNAke siddhAMtoMko sabake sAmane rakhanA upAdeya hai| udAharaNa ke liye samrATa khAravelake samayakA nirUpaNa aura 'mAdalA pAji' (purI kA pacAga) ke 'baktabAha upAkhyAna' meM DA0 navInakumAra sAhu ke dvArA pAviSkRta muruDavaziyoke zAsanakA jo mAmAsa aura mAlocanA

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mero mAyA maine ina kSetroM meM sAkSAt rUpase mAlocanA karanI kuThe hada taka chor3a diyA hai| pratha pAThakA zArIrika zrama bhI aba mere liye prAyaH saMbhava nahIM hai, phira bhI isa kSetrameM jo isa pariNata vapameM jo pratiSThita dhAraNA ho gayA hai,usake bala para kucha likha rahA huuN| merAmukhya zrIlakSmInArAyaNajI ne jainadharmake sambandha meM jo kucha likhA hai vaha saba upAdeya hai,lekina unake ina vicAroM tathA pAlocanA se jainadharmakI sArI bAteM samajhI nahIM jaasktiiN| sirpha utkala yA bhArata meM hI nahIM balki purAne samyamAnava samAja meM bhI jainadharma kI baDI pratiSThA thii| usake saketa aura nidarzana prAja bhI upalabdha hai| bhArata meM aba bhI isa dharmako pratiSThA,prabhAva maura pratipatti sabhI pracalita dhoMmeM pratiSThita aura pracArita hai, yadyapi vibhinna kAraNo se isakI yaha pratiSThA pUrI taraha dikhato jarUra nahI haiM aura islAma yA IsAI dharma kA sA pracAra bhI nahIM hai, jisase ki spaSTa dikhAI de / jaina nAmakA eka saMpradAya aba bhI bhAratameM hai| pRthvI para bhanyatra jainadharma prabhI taka svatatra dharmake rUpameM nahIM dikhA hai,lekina bhArata meM hai| aura bhArata kA yaha jainadharma kucha hada taka pAdAna pravAna ke kAraNa dUsare dhokA sA ho gayA hai| isaliye usameM zrI lakSmInArAyaNajI ne jainadharma kA jo svarUpa batalAyA hai vaha pUrNataH spaSTa nahI hai / phira bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, ki jainadharma bhavabhI bhAratame cirasthAyI rUpame hai| khAsakara utkala meM prAcona kaliMga ke kAlase isa dharmakA pramukhyatva thA aura prabhAva bar3A gaharA thaa| isake bahutase pramANa hai| aba bhI jagannAthajI meM isa ke sAre pramANoM kI khoja kI jA sakatI hai / isake alAvA

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mAjase karIba 2500 sAla pahale isa jainadharma se jisa bauddhadharma kA udbhava humA thA, usakI vizeSa mAlocanA bhI jarUrI hai| isake nirNaya meM abataka pazcimI mora bhAratIya pratnatattvavidoM ke bahuta se zrama raha rahe hai / paura khAravela prAdike samaya meM ko yAda rakhanA hogA ki ve aura unake jamAne kA dharma paura unake bAda eka hajAra sAla ke bAda kA dharma yadyapi jainadharma ke nAmase khyAta hai phira bhI vizuddha jainadharma nahI ho sakatA / mumakina hai ki taba taka isa para bauddhadharma kA prabhAva par3a gayA hogaa| utkala meM yadyapi vaha dharma ke nAmase pracalita thA, phira bhI zAyada usake sAtha hInayAna bauddhadharma mila cukA thaa| vizeSata.hya enasAM ke vivaraNa aura budadanta kI siMhalI paramparAse yaha jAnA pAtA hai| hya enasAM ke kAlakI bAta hya enasAM ke kAla meM cIno tathA tadvid paNDito ke vicArameM bauddhadharma kA prathaM 'mahAyAna bauddhdhrm'thaa| usa samaya pUrvI bhArata meM sabhava hai ki vajrayAna taka kA vikAsa ho cukA thaa| isaliye ve samajhate the ki bauddhadharma ke mAne nigrahAnugraha samartha bhagavAna buddhakA dharma athavA zUnyavAdI ghora vAmAcAriyo kA prAcAra hai| usa samaya yathArtha maulika bauddhadharma hInayAnI bauddhadharma meM paryavasita ho cukA thA / mumakina hai ki jainamiyoM meM se kitane hI hInayAnI bauddhoke rUpa meM paricita the| jinako apane dharma ke pratipAdana ke liye harSabarddhana ne bulAyA thA, ve baina the| jainadharma aura bauddhadharma aphasosa kI bAta hai ki unnIsavI sadI ke yoropIya pratnatAttvikone isa bAta ko galata rUpameM samajha kara bhArata tathA sasAra ke liye eka prapaparamparA banA dI hai / sunane ko

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'milatA hai ki pUrvI bhAratameM gautamabuddha nAmakA koI nAmI puruSa hamA thA, jisane vaidika yAgayajJa aura jAtibheda ke khilApha sapanA mata prakAzita kiyA thA, basa, mAlocanA usI bAste para pAge bddh'ii| taba mAnA jAtA thA ki baudadharma se bainadharma kI utpatti huI hai| parmana paNDita jaikobI aura unake matako mAnane vAloMne dhIre-dhIre isa dhAraNAkA khaNDana kiyA,unake matameM bainadharma pahalese thaa| tathApi vaha bhI zAkyamuni bovadharma ke samAna vaidikadharmakA virodhI batAyA gayA thaa| lekina dasaasala yaha dhAraNA galata hai / paDita lakSmInArANajI ne bhI bha. pArzvanAtha tathA unakI sAdhanAke prati saketa karake prAlocanA karate hue jainadharmako isa prAcInatA tathA paramparA ke bAremeM bahuta sI sUcanAeM dI haiM / vastutaHjainadharma sasArameM mUla pradhyAtma dharma hai| isa deza vaidika dharmake mAne ke bahuta ho pahalese yahI meM jainadharma pracalita thaa| khUba sabhava hai ki prAgvaidikoMmeM, zAyara drAviDomeM yaha dharma thaa| bAdame isa dharmakI sAdhanAmeM eka dizA sabhoga-spRhA kA nAza karane ke lie kRccha.sAdhanAkA mArga mora dUsarI vizAmeM atirikta saMbhoga se Ubakara tyAga karane kA mArga prakAzita ho cukA thaa| zAkyamuni buddhane ina donoke vIcakA mArga apanAyA thA bhaura ve antima janadharmake saMskArakase bhArata meM hai| vaha apane ko sApha 2 'jina' bhI kahate tha / zAkyamuni itane barakyo hue :isa madhyama mArgake kAraNa 'jina zAkyamuni'loka priybne| yahA kahA jAsakatA hai ki unake dvArA saskRta namAva 'gItA' meM gRhIta hai| udAharaNake taura para dekhiye gItA bolatI hai ki: "puktAhAra bihArasya puktaceSTasya karmasu / gustApAyayoSasya yogo bhavaSi sahA. gItA-paSTha adhyAya, 17 vA shlok|

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arthAt, jo jarUrata ke mutAvika mAhAra-vihAra, karma kI beSTA, nidrA-jayaraNa karatA hai usakA yoga dukha dUra karane vAlA hotA hai| isameM eka tarapha kRccha sAdhanA mora karmameM pratiniSThA mAnA hai aura dUsarI tarapha bhoga kA svacchadAcaraNa yA yaSecchAcAra bhI manA hai| yahI zAkyamuni kA saskRta jainadharma yA bauvadharma hai, aura mahAmahima samrATa azoka ne bauddhadharma ke rUpa meM isI jainadharma ko apanAyA thaa| unhone eka dina isa dharma kA pracAra kiyA thA pora usakAla ke sabhya jagat meM ahiMsA kI sAdhanA ko kUTa-kUTa kara bhara diyA thaa| isalie bauddhadharma kA nAma phaila gayA / lekina IsavI pahalI sadI ke pahale isa adhyAtma yA prAtma-svarUpa-sevA saskRta jainadharma yA bauddhadharma meM bhaktidharma pUrI taraha praveza kara cukA thA / usI kA nAma 'mahAyAna' paDa gayA hai| isake pahale kA bauddhadharma hInayAna bauddhadharma mAnA gyaa| mahAyAna se pUrva jo jaina the unameM se bahuta se hInayAnI kahe gaye / purI ke jagannAyajo isakA spaSTa nidarzana hai| 'jagannAtha' eka jaina zabda hai / yaha RSabhanAtha se milatAjulatA hai / RSabhanAtha kA artha sUryanAtha yA jagata ke jIvanarUpI puruSa hotA hai / RSabha kA artha sUrya hai / yaha prAcIna bebilona kA AviSyakAra hai / Prof. SAVCH ne apane Hibbert Lectures (1878) meM sApha samajhAyA hai ki isa sUrya ko vAsanta viSuvameM dekhakara loga jAnate the ki hala karane kA samaya ho gayA aura ve hala jotate the| isaliye kahane lage ki vRSabha kA samaya ho gyaa| usa samaya mAkAzameM vaSama rAzikA pArambha hotA hai / isIse logo meM sUryakA nAma vRSabha yA RSama paDa gyaa| isake pahale logo meM yaha dhAraNA jama gaI thI ki yaha sUrya hI jagata kA jIvana hai / ati prAcIna matra

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karane meM asamartha ho kara khuda basa ke bhakta bana gaye the| isI bIca kSIradhara nAmakA rAjA isa datake liye pAMDurAja para mAkramaNa karake khuda yuddha meM maragayA thA / aMtameM jaba vaha rAjya chor3a sanyAsI bane taba svayaM pArAjane kaliMgarAja guhaziva ke jariye isa daMta ko kaliMga meM vApasa bheja diyA thaa| guhaziva isa data ke liye apane datapura meM hI kSoraghara ke bhatIje ke dvArA avaruddha hue, idhara ujjayinI ke rAjakumAra ne pAkara kaliMgarAjakumArI hemamAlAse zAdI kii| guhazivane una donoM ke hAtha data kA bhAra saupA, dono kA nAma humA datakumAra paura datakumArI, dono data ko lekara jahAja meM siMhala gye| isa hisAba se mAlUma hotA hai ki 311 I0 meM yaha data siMhala pahuMcA thaa| yaha bhI siMhalake eka zilAlekhase samarthita hotA hai| dantakA isake bAdakA itihAsa bahuta lambA hai| usase mAlUma hotA hai ki data nAnA sthAno me gayA hai| kaliMgase siMhala, siMhala se brahmadeza aura usake bAda romana kaithilika mizanariyo ke hAtha gomA meM pahucA hai| aura vahI mizanariyo ke dvArA lihAI para curakara samudra meM gayA hai / lekina sabhI kahate hai ki asalI dAta hamane chipA rakhA hai / data jidhara bhI gayA hai yA jisane bhI liyA hai vaha eka nakalI data hai / isaliye jyAdA loga vizvAsa karate hai ki asalI data aba bhI kaliga yA purI meM maujUda hai aura jagannAtha jI ke peTameM brahmarUpameM hai| prAjake jagannAtha caturSA jarUra hai yA sudarzanako chor3a zeSA hai-jagannAtha, balabhadra aura subhadrA / ita tona mUrtiyo ke peTa meM daMtake tIna bhAga brahmarUpameM rakhe hai yA aura kucha hai-isake bAremeM koI ThIka ThIka kaha nahIM sktaa| kucha bhI ho, isase spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM jo siMhalo daMtakA galpa hai vaha pUrNa rUpase buddhadata kA galma nahI hai| kaliMgameM jainoMke jisa jinazAsana pIThake hone kI bAta

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hAmoguphA ke khAravela ke lekhase pramANita hotI hai, usokA yaha bora-saMskaraNa hai / yaha jagannAtha kI paramparA mUlataH pUrNarUpameM banadharma kI hai / 'nAtha' zabda pUrNarUpase jainadharmakA nidarzana hai| saMskRta meM nAyake mAne hotA hai- jisase mAMga kI jAtI hai| samatA hai, pahale isakA artha upAsya 'pAramArUpI puruSa vA / kAlakramase bAdako isakA marSa bhaktidharmake anusAra hogayA hai| jainadharma pradhyAtma dharma hai - jainadharmako samajhaneke pahale yaha samajhanA jarUrI hai ki dharma kyA hai ? saMsAra meM do prakAra kA dharma hotA hai / pahalA bhaktidharma aura dUsarA madhyAtmadharma hai| bhaktidharma eka prakAra se mAnava kA svabhAvika dharma hotA hai| pahale logo ko adhika zaktizAlI pUrvajoM se bhakti hotI po, isIse dhIre dhIre sAmrAjya ke bhAvakA udaya humA, kramazaH rAjAmo pora samrAToMkA pratyAcAra baDhane lagA aura usase 'ekezvaravAda' nAmakA pratiSThita kusaskAra prakAzita humA / usoke liye isa saMsArameM jo vivAda, vandra aura narahatyA kI gaI hai use samajhAne jAyeM to dharmadhvajI matAdhatA tathA asahiSNutA ke sAtha apanA dharmabhAva pragaTa kareMge, usako varNanAanAvazyaka hai| yaha manumeya hai ki aise hI ekadina masuradezake asuradevakA utthAna humA thA / bhora ve hI eka tarapha isa atyAcArake dUsarI tarapha isa ekezvaravAdake mUrta pratIka the| loga bo kucha upajAte the, saba kucha karake rUpameM isa asuradeva ko de dete the agara na diyA to atyAcAra sImA pAra kara jAtA thaa| yahAM taka ki nAriyoM para zizumo ko manamAnA katala karake pheMka dete the, mAra unake mukhya puruSoMkI bindA camar3I utAra lete the| jo usake khilApha jabAnamolatA thA, jAsUsa se patA calAkara usake pAsa ur3akara jAte the aura use pakar3a kara usa

Page #17
paramatyAcAra karate / asuroM ke pAsa ke visonake pradhAna deva maka' ve bhI asuroM se bigar3e hue the| vaise asura bhI ina ke sampatara tathA saMgatatara pAcaraNa ko sahana kara nahIM sakate ina donoMke bIca lambe masse taka ghora vivAda calatA rahA bAdako eka phArasI madhyamapathI prAya jarA STa (jisakA U~Ta pImA thA) ne kahA-asura aura mardUka-aise do Izvara nahI ho sakate / Izvara eka hai| aura vaha hai 'masura mardUka' yA ahuramejadA isa ahuramejadA kA ekezvaravAda phArasa se bhUmadhyasAgara taka do sau se adhika sAla vyApta rahA / yahUdI isa deza meM prAkara giraphtAra hue the| kucha kAlake bAda ina yahudiyoko rihA kara diyaa| inakI jAtoya-devatAkA nAma thA 'jiuhe'| ina yahudiyo ko bar3A ghamaDa thA ki ve apane deva ke bar3e pyAre hai| ve apane ko bar3A deva bhagata mAnate the| maharamejadA ke bAda unhoMne apane devakA nAma rakkhA 'jihobA' jo sAre sasAra kA eka Izvara banA diyaa| isIse IsA, mahammada mAdi putra, dUta aura avatAra hue jisase mAja sasAra me dharmakI matAMdhalA tathA pratikriyA parivyApta hai| isa dharmako pratikriyA aise atyAcAra ke viruddha mAtmajJAnI logo kA sira uThAnA svAbhAvika hai| vaise loga socane lage ki sabhogakI spRhA yA tRSNA ko choDadene se hI aise rAjAmro yA samrATo ke adhIna rahane ke dukhase mukti milegii| ina viruddha matavAlo ne janasamAja ko chor3akara, kRSNArahita ho, vaname peTa ke phala aura jharane ke pAnIse gujArA kgi aura pazapakSiyo ke sAtha nizcinta jIvana bitaayaa| unhIko dekhakara hamAre dezameM ekabAta kahIjAtI hai ki "svacchandabanavAtena sAkenApa prapUrvate / mastha bagyoparasthAka kuryAt pAtaka mht|"

Page #18
arthAt svacchanda vanajAta zAgase agara peTa bhara jAtA hai to usI peTake liye itanA pApa karane kI jarUrata kyA hai ? idhara hRdaya pUraNake mAne hotA hai hReka prakArake bhoga yA vAsanAoM kA puurnn| ye hI brAtmasya haiM aura apane meM jo mAramA yA puruSa hai usakI upAsanA karate haiN| isaliye inakA va adhyAtmadharma kahalAyA aura yahI adhyAtmadhamaM jevadharma hotA hai| isa janadharmake bAremeM mazahUra jainapaNDita jugamandaralAla jainI ne kahA hai-" jainadharma ne manuSya ko pUrI svAdhInatA dI hai / yaha dUsare kisI bhI dharma meM nahIM hai / hamArA karma aura usakA phala- ina donoMke bIca aura kucha nahI hai| ekabAra kie jAne para ve hamAre niyAmaka bana jAte hai / unake phala avazya ho phaleMge / mero prAjAdI jaise kImatI hai, merI jimmedArI bhI vaise khUba kImatI hai / me apanI icchA ke pranasAra prapanA jIvana bitA sakatA hU~ / lekina eka bAra jo rAstA cuna liyA hai usase vApasa mAne kA koI upAya nahIM / meM usa rAste ko cuna lenekA phala anyathA nahIM kara sakatA / isa nIti ke kAraNa jainadharma ImAI islAma aura hindUdharma se bhI alaga ho jAtA hai, khuda bhagavAna yA unake avatAra yA unake sthalAbhiSikta prathavA unake priya ( putra yA payagamvara) ko manaSya karmake phala para hastakSepa karanekI tAkata nahI hai / zrAtmA jo bhI karatI hai usake liye prAtmA hI pratyakSa rUpameM aura nizcita rUpa meM jimmevAra hai / " Jainism more than any other creed gives absolute religious independence and freedom to man. Nothing can intervene between the aotions which we do and the fruits thereof. Once done, they become our masters and must fruitify. As my independence is great, so my reepon. sibility is coextensive with it.I can live as I like, -aM. sipyne

Page #19
humA thaa| ina saMghoM meM jaina sAdhakoM ke samAna loga saMpavaya rUpameM sabhI sabameM barAbara ho rahakara logoMkI sevA karate the, arefoot prayoga aura bAMTa isa lokasevA kA mukhya avalambana thaa| ina saMghoM ke sAdhaka mora siddhoMko theya yA sthavira kahate the| bera yA therapusa ke mAne hote hai sthavira putra yA sAdhu, 'puta' bauddhazabda hai mora 'sAdhu' jenazabda hai / isIse utkala kA 'sAdhava' zabda banA hai / bauddhadharmake pracAra ke bAda ye sAdhu deza videza meM theraputtake nAmase paricita the / IsAse pUrva dUsarI, tIsarI sadIyo meM ina beraputoke mizrameM honekA pramANa he / yatratatra pahu~ca kara marIjoM kI sevA karanA inakA mukhya kAma thA, pragrajI Therapeutics (therApiuTiksa) kA prartha hotA hai bheSajavidyA / yaha sabhI jAnate haiM / yaha therApiuTiksa zabda prAcIna prAkRta theraputtika se banA hai / yahA~ rUmAla rakhanA cAhiye ki yaha eka grIka zabda hai jo usa jamAne meM mizra se prAyA thA / esInsa IsA ke janma ke pahale pAlesTAIna meM ina gheraputto ke samAna kucha loga dalabaddha hokara basate the, jinako esInsa kahate the / ye unake samAna the / lekina inakI eka khAsa vizeSatA thI / ye milakara khetI karate the lekina dolata para kisIkA svataMtra adhikAra na thA / sabakA hissA barAbara thaa| yaha eka biddiSTa janavidhi hai / khuradhA ke bhoivazIya rAjAno ne bahu kAla ke bAda bhI purI jileke brAhmazAsano meM 1590 I0 se rUpaSTarUpameM isa nIti kA prayoga kiyA hai, aba bhI grAmakoTha' tathA devottara prAdi meM usa sAmyabhAva kA saketa jIvita hai / 1- grAmakoTha- gA~va meM jo kAma samUhika bhittimeM hotA hai aura jisa para gAMva kA haraeka prAdamI samAna adhikAra rakhatA hai /

Page #20
grAmakoTa meM bar3e hoTekA vicAra nahIM hai| hara eka kA hissA barAbara hai| jaba gAMva banA taba mo hara eka ko eka eka hissA milA thaa| isa hisse ko pAne meM sabhI barAbara the| kisIkA jyAdA na pA, kisokA kama bhI na thaa| esonsa zAdI karake gRhasthAzrama nahIM karate the| pramANa milA hai ki ye pUraMpUra saMnyAso the| lekina vaMzaparaparAko rakSAke liye naye ziSya grahaNa karake apane gaNako vRddhi karate the| ye paura miyI auraSuta nirAmiSabhojI the| yaha nirAmiSa bhojana na to vaidika hai aura na kisI dUsare dharmakI rIti hai / isameM koI zaka nahIM hai ki yaha tRSNAtyAga ko sAdhanAse nikalo hai| paithAgoriyansa yaha nirAmiSa bhojana prAcIna gros (yUnAna) ke paithAgoriyansoM (IsA ke pUrva 7 vI sado ke antima bhAga) aura bhAraphiko (IsAke pUrva 7vo mado ke madhya bhAga meM) pratiSThita yaa| maura yaha bho jJAta huA hai ki inako dhAraNA yo-prAtmA amara hai| karmake anusAra isa prAtmA kA janmAntara hotA hai| yaha saba sivAya jainadharmake aura kucha nahI hai,bAda ko sakreTisa, pleTo, eristatala mAdi manISI aura paDita ina paMthagauriyana mora prAraphika dharmake vazadhara aura bhUyovikAsa ke phala hai| sAsa karake dekhanA haiM-sakreTisa aura pleTo ne AtmAkI mamaratAke bAre meM spaSTa dhAraNa de dI hai| lekina eristatala ne apane darzanazAstrameM jo kucha likhA hai usa para sAkhya ke prakRti-puruSa aura jainadharmake jIvAjIva ko chAyA spaSTa haiN| pora isa dharmase IsAke pUrva dUsaro sadomaM yUnAnI stoIka aura epikyuriyana dharmakA janma huA thaa| stoIka jainasAdhaka mora tapasvI pratIta hote hai / aura epikyuriyana jainako praparasomA marthAt lokAyata ke upAdAna se banA thaa|

Page #21
jaladharmake sAre saMketoM kI kAmanA karate spaSTa mAnama betA hai kisakA prabhAva bebilonase lekara boropa taka na spAta na vAjisa yUnAnI bIvanakA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai vaha phira mUlasa: dUsare prakArakA thaa| yaha bhinna upAdAnoMse manA yA yaha thA bhogasarvasva, arthAt, bhomalAlasA pora kAmamA ko caritArtha karanA isameM pUrI maatraayaa| mekina IsAke pUrva vIM sadI meM manISI paithAgorasa nikle| ve eka bainasAdhaka the paura jainasanyAsI bhii| aura usa deza aura isa dezakA sambandha sirpha iyAvANI aura RSyaza gake upAkhyAnase anumita nahIM hotA, balki prati prAcIna kAlama bhI bebilona, kepADosiyA (mAjakA irAka aura turkistA) mAdi pacchimake deza aura bhAratakA drAvir3adeza-donoMkA sambandha ghaniSTha thaa| zAyada donoM meM eka jAtike loga the| isake pramANo meM devIdharma mukhya hai| mA,boDa, ammA prAvi mAtRvAcaka zabda drAviDome pAye jAte haiN| sababhI utkala me mI ko boDa kahate hai| bahukAlake bAda saMskRta meM 'mA'lakSmI vAcaka sanda banA hai / yaha saskRta ke 'mAtR' zabdake samAna nahI hai| 'boDa'zabda utkalake alAvA asama meM prababhI calatA hai| lekina ye zabda usa jamAne meM, arthAt IsAke pUrva 3000sAla pahale una pazcimI rAjyome mAtadevIke artha meM atyanta sAdhAraNa the| kITa dIpase aba bho siMhavAhino devodurgAko pattharakomUrtinikalI hai / isa mAtRdevIke sAtha zivakA bhI mAvirbhAva humA thaa| isakI vyAkhyA atyanta svAbhAvika aura subodhya hai| mahAyoni aura mahAliMga vizvaprajanana ke pratIka hai| pazcimI bhUmimeM usa

Page #22
SamAnese isI rUpameM mAtRdevIko pUjA ho rahI thI, bhAratameM Isa ke pUrva 2000 sAlase adhika pahale liMgopAsanA ke hone ke pramANa mahena-jo-dar3ose mile haiN| lekina yaha liMga isadeza ke sabhIdarzanoke pratIka hai / aura mAtRdevI kI 'umA' nAmase hamabatIdevI ke rUpameM devatAmo ko brahmavidyA sikhAne kI bAta kenopaniSatke tIsare khaNDameM hai / zAyada, ammA umAmeM pariNata ho gayA hai / aura yaha haimavato arthAt himAlayakI kanyA yA himAlaya me prAvirbhUta devI hai / semirAmikSa isa mAtRdevoke sambandhameM IsAse pUrna 1500 yA 2000 sAla pahale bebilAna ke uttarI sImA meM asuro ke dezameM rAnI semiramisa rahatI thii| yaha eka paddhata upAkhyAna hai / devI ko prajanana parAyaNatA tathA tadviSa kriyAmo se yaha bharapUra hai, zAyada, yaha kiso eka choTo-sI smRtiko lekara banA eka purANa hai| to bhI usameM hai-devI isa kanyAko janmake bAda ho jagala meM choDake calI gayo / kucha kabUtara yA pakSiyo ne isakI hiphAbata ko maura use jovita rakhA / kisI gaDeriyene ise dekhA aura ghara le jAkara pAla-posakara baDA kiyaa| vaha khUba hasIna maura aklamanda thI, kahate hai-bebilonakI istara devIke samAna yaha bhI eka ke bAda ekase zAdo karatI thI aura use mArakara dUsare ko apanAtI thii| isake bAremeM paramparA itanI pravala aura pratiSThita hai ki aba bhI usa ilAke loga baDebaDe pahADa dikhate hue kahate hai- yahA~ semirA misa ke pati daphanAye gaye haiN| aura semirAmisa mahAparAkramazAlinI tho / kahA jAtA hai-sirpha bhArata jItane ke liye mAkara pajAba meM hArakara lauTa gayo / zakuntalA ko kathA yoM hai-devI yA svarvezyAkI parityaktA

Page #23
zizu zakuntalA banameM pakSiyoM kI hiphAjata kI bhora kampane use uThA liyA aura apane pAzramameM pAsaposa kara bddh'aayaa| bahupatnIka rAjA duSyanta ko dekha pAvega ke sAtha usane prAtmasamarpaNa kiyA / aura usase vaha garbhavatI huI-pAdi vAtoM kI pAlocanA semirAmisA kI bAtase milatI-julatI hai / lekina isa sabake hote hue bhI bhAratIya upAkhyAnameM satItvake bhAva ko UMcA sthAna diyA gayA hai. itanA hI pharka hai / lakSya karane kI bAta hai ki isa zakuntalA kA putra pravalapratApa samrATa bharata banA jimake nAmAnusAra koI 2 kahate hai ki isa dezakA nAma bhAratavarSa paDA hai| drAviDa se roma taka eka thA isa taraha dekhA jAtA hai ki drAviDase yUnAna, roma takakI bhUmi ati prAcInakAlama kadAcit eka-sI thii| inake pAdAnapradAnama kAI pratyavAya yA avarodha na thaa| jainadharmane ina sthAno sarvatra prAkRta dharmako prabhAvita karake mAnava samAja ko bhoga meM sayama para pratiSThita kiyA thaa| halasAhaba spaSTa kahanA cAhate hai-ina drAviDoke sAtha bebilona mAdi ilAke kevala sAmAnya rAjya hI na the, balki ina drAvir3o ne prAcIna sumera rAjya meM upanivezabho pAbAda kiyA thA aura kitane hI vidvAnabhIkahate hai ki sumerameM jinakA upaniveza thA ve kAzmIrake uttara ke pAmIra ilAke ke pazcimo pradezase pAye the| prAjakalaka jekoslAve. kiyA dezake prega(Prague) nagara ke prAdhyApaka prAcyapratnatatvavit paNDisa hAjanA sAhabane eka pratyanta upAdeya tathA maveSaNapUrNa grantha likhA hai jisakA nAma hai 'Ancient History of Western Asia, India and Crete.' usameM unhone pramA. Nita kiyA hai ki hindo-yAropiyoke kaspiIyana jhIlake pazcimI torase pAkara yoropa aura eziyA ke nAnAsthAno meM vyApta

Page #24
hone ke bahuta hI pahale dUsarI sabhyajAtike loga usI karakA molake dakSiNa tIrase prAkara idhara bhArata aura udhara bebilona mAdimeM phaile huye the| inakA samparka aura mAdAna-pradAna usa jamAne meM bar3A hI ghaniSTha thaa| aba mAlUma hotA hai ki mAtRdevIdharma yA zaktidharma ke samAna jainadharmake prathama adhyAtma dharma hone para bhI, unake kAma-khAsa kara yaha jainaprAdarza tathA jainasAdhanA mArga prAgvaidika bhAratameM, arthAt usa sabhyajAtike drAviDome se vikasita ho kara pRthvI meM vyApta humA thA / lakSmInArAyaNa jI ne utkala tathA bhAratake prAcAra-vyavahAra meM jainadharma ke pUrNa pramAva kA honA dikhAyA hai| vizeSataH isake saMbadha tattvavyAkhyA karate hue unhone jaina harivaMza se nArada aura parvata ke upAkhyAna ko lekara eka acchA udAharaNa diyA hai| upasthira basu yaha eka atyata pradarzaka upAkhyAna hai / aura nArada aura parvata kA jhagaDA thA yajJa meM vyavahRta 'praja' ko lekr| parvata kA kahanA thA- 'praja' kA artha hai vakarAyA pazu, ata' pazuvaSa hI yajJakA prANa hai / nArada ne ise svIkAra nahI kiyA / unho ne batAyA ki aja ke mAne jisase kucha jAta nahIM hotA, arthAt purAnA anAja / yahA hiMsA-ahiMsA-mUlaka sAmiSa aura nirAmiSa khAdya kA bhada prakIrtita hai| dharma kauna-sA hai ? nirAmiSa bhojana yA sAmiSabhojana ?bhArata meM yaha samajhAnekI koI jarUrata nahI / bhAratameM sAmiSa bhojiyo ke hote hue bhI nigamiSa hara eka kA pavitra aura dharmasammata bhojana mAnA humA hai mahAbhArata ke nArAyaNIya upAkhyAname rAjA apacira basuko parcA hai / devatApro aura muniyokA yahI jhagaDAthA / deva kahate * vanaparva-336 adhyAya se (bagabAsI saMskAra)

Page #25
ajake mAne bakarA hai / aura muniyoM ne kahA- nahI, praja kA artha anAja hai / uparicara vasu, jinhoMne prAkAza meM sacaraNa karane ko zakti prApta ko thA, usa rAste se gujarate the| dono pakSo ne unhe madhyastha maanaa| unhoMne pahale yaha dekhA ki kisa pakSa kA mata kyA hai / phira kahA-pazutratra ho Thoka artha hai / RSiyo ne unakI spaSTa pakSapAtitA dekhakara unha abhizApa diyaa| abhizapta avasthAme nArAyaNIya dharma yA aikAntika dharmakI upAsanA karake ve zApamukta hue 1 lagatA hai - yaha aikAntika dharma phArasakA hai| khUba sambhava ahUramejadA kA dharma hai / usI upAkhyAnameM isake pramANa hai / bAdako jarUra yahI dharma udhara IsAIdharma aura idhara vaiSNavadharma kA rUpa lekara prakAzita huA hai / IsAIdharmake mUlame jainadharma ko kRcchrasAdhanA ke samAna tapasyA aura sayama hai / therapUrtika (Thera Peutics) aura pAlestAIna ke usa jamAneke esIna isake udAharaNa hai / lekina nirAbhiSa bhojana usameM sthAyI bana na sakA / idhara yaha aikAntikadharma vaiSNavadharma yA bhaktidharma ho gayA hai / ababhI isa dezameM jainadharmiyoM ke alAvA vaiSNava hI nirAmiSake upAsaka hai| isameM vaha aura samajhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, yaha jainadharmakA prabhAva hai / sirpha itanA hI yahAM kahanA hai ki isa vaiSNavadharma ke samAna dharma yA sapUrNa prAtmasamarpaNa karane kA dharma jainadarzanake Upara pratiSThita nahIM hai / yaha ho nahI sakatA / phira bhI jainadharmake prabhAva dekhane meM yaha khUba upAdeya hai / isa taraha jainadharma sasAra ke sAre dharma tathA mAnavika AtmavikAsake mUlameM hai / kahAjA sakatA hai ki isI ke Upara mAnava-samAja ke vikAsa kI pratiSThA prAdhArita hai / bhuvanezvara 6-58 } nIlakaMTha dAsa

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chinna-pallava paDita lakSmInArAyaNa sAhU eka aise prakhyAta sAhityakAra hai ki unakA paricaya denevI prAvazyakatA nhiiN| phira bhI pAThako kI jijJAsA kI pUrti ke lie sakSapame yahA para unakA paricaya denA ucita hai / baha uDIsAkI vibhUti hai / san 1860 IsavI me unakA janma bAlezvara jileke eka halavAI vazame huprA paa| vaha janme to 19 vI zatAbdI meM hai, parantu unakA nAma aura kAma camakA 20 vI zatAbdI me| unakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki padyapi vaha eka nitAnta daridra parivAra meM janme the kintu una ra kuTumbame yaha daridratA Akasmika thii| vaise unake pitAmaha eka baDe dhanI vyApArI the akasmAt prakRtike kopase unake pitAmaha kI mRtyuke pazcAt unake pitAkA sabakucha gharavAra, koThA mahala prAdi aura jahAja-vyavasAya naSTa humA thaa| lakSmInArAyaNa bAbU bacapana apane pitAkI dukAna para baiThakara miThAI banAte aura becate the| kintu unakA ujjvala bhaviSya unake jIvanakI kanakhiyose jhAMka rahA thaa| unakIpratibhAko dekhakara bAlezvara jilA skUla ke pradhAnama0zrI lokanAtha ghoSa unapara sadaya huye aura unakI hI sahRdayatAse inako adhika uccazikSA pAnekA suyoga milA, sana 1908 me bAlezvara jilA skUla se aiTransa pAsa kiyaa| saskRtameM ekapadaka aura ekavRtti bhI unako milI thii| isake bAda jyo tyo karake unhone kaTaka revensA kAleja me zikSA paaii| mArgakI aneka vighna-bAdhAmo praura duHkha dUravasthAmo ko pAra karake vaha prAI0esa-si. parIkSA meM uttIrNa

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DaoN. lakSmI nArAyaNa sAhU ema0 e0, ela* ena0 DI0 adhyakSa ur3IsA sAhitya akAdamI, bhuvanezvara (lekhaka)

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hue| usake bAda kalakattA meM zivapura inajiniyariMga kAleja meM do varSa hI par3ha pAe ki prarthAbhAvake karaNa chor3akara cale bhAe / uparAnta zikSA vyavasAya unako rucikara huAA / vaha purI vikToriyA hoTala meM mainejara haye aura phira kaTaka mizana skUlameM cAra varSo taka zikSaka rhe| vahAM se unhoMne bI0 e0 prora saMskRta madhyamA prAdi pAsa kie| gItA meM unako 'tatvanidhi' upAdhi aura bagalA sAhityame dakSatA ke lie 'vidyAratna' upAdhibhI milii| mizana skUla chor3akara unhone bhArata sevaka samitimeM yoga dAna deneke lie apanA jIvana arpaNa kara diyA / prAjakala bhI usa samiti sadasya hai aura usakA kAma karate hai / aba usa samitikA nAma parivartana hokara " hinda sevaka samAja " huA hai / bAlakapana se hI vaha samAja sevAme masta the aura eka dharmiSTa hindUkI taraha niSThAke sAtha jIvana vitAte the / gaNeza, sarasvatI, kArtika, Adi sava devatAo kI mUrtipUjA karate the / prakasmAt unake jIvana meM parivartana humrA vaha jIva mAtrakI sevA karane me lage / bhagI gAMvameM sabake sAtha milate aura rogI bhagI baccomI apane putrake samAna dekhate the / kaTakameM musalamAna logove sAtha milate the aura isake bAda zrArya samAjame havana prAdi karate the IsAiyo se bhI paricita the / isaprakAra vaha yauvanako jhora eka samudAra dRSTi lekara bar3he the / vahuta kyA kahe ? lakSmInArAyaNa bAbU eka kavi, eka sAhityakAra aura eka samAja sevaka haiN| apane jIvanameM unhoMne sATha amUlya graMthoMkI racanA kI hai, jo agrajI, uDiyA aura bagalA bhASAo meM hai / hindImeM unakI yaha pahalI pustaka hai, jise vaha apane mitroMke sahayoga se anUdita kara sake haiN| kiMtu sAhityakAra honeke sAtha hI unakA hRdaya dayA aura dhanukampA se pariplAvita hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhone kuSTha rogiyoMkI . -kra

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mI sevA karane jaisA jokhamabharA kAma karane meM prAnanda anubhava kiyA hai / jaba jaba dubhikSa par3e aura bAr3e AI taba taba mAsAma, vaMga, vihAra, mor3isA, himAlaya mAdi sthAnome jAkara lokasevA ke kArya kiye hai / isa vRddhAvasthAme unakA sammAna rASTrane kiyA hai / mApa ko rASTrapati dvArA "padmazrI" upAdhi prApta huI hai| vidyApITha prAndhra itihAsa pratnatatva samitise "bhAratatIrtha" aura a. vizva jaina mizanake vidyApIThase"itihAsaratna"prAdi upAdhiyA bhI unhone prApta kI hai| vidyArasika aise hai ki aMgrejI mAdhunika bhAratIya sAhityomeM tathA arthanIti aura itihAsameM ema0e0prAIveTa pAsa kiyA hai| vaha jIvanakI gaharAI meM bahuta tere hai aura mahAnadiyo ke tairAka bhI rahe hai / malAnadI, virUpA, zibapura aura khidirapura ke pAsa gagAnadome isa pAra se usa pAra huye pAra purI samudrameM 7-8 molataka andara saira pAye the| ilAhAbAda ke nikaTa gagA yamunA ke sagamameM bhI tere the| padayAtrA karane meM bhI vaha nipuNa hai| himAlayameM dainika 26 molataka calanA aura samatala bhUmi dainika 40-50 mIlataka calanA, ye saba kucha unhone kiye haiN| lakSmInArAyaNa bAbU loka paricita evaM prakhyAta hone para bhI kabhI kabhI bhokAko anubhava karate hai / lekina apane saba duHkha ko vaha kavitA aura na tha racanA karake bhUla jAte haiN| maha unakI vizeSatA hai| bhAratavarSakA paryaTana bhI unhone kaI daphA kiyA hai aura bahuta jagahoke darzana kiye hai| prataH una ke premI bandhuvarga prasasya hai / Aja unakI 68 varSakI prAyu hai, phira bhI unameM eka yuvaka kA sevA-lagana aura utsAha hai graha zatajIvI hokara kalyANamUrti bane, yaha prArthanA hai gaNeza caturthI -prakAzaka ur3iyA pustaka bhAnizna 1,2365.

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hadiya-sUcI - 1. jainadharma kA svarUpa 2. jainadharma kI aitihAsika bhUmikA 3 kaliGga meM mAdi jainadharma 4. khArakhesa aura unakA kAlanirNaya 5. khAravela kA zAsana aura sAmrAjya 6. khAravela aura jainadharma 7. kaliGgameM khAravelake paravartI yugameM jainadharmakI bhavasthA 74 8. utkala kI saMskRti meM jainadharma 6 uDIyA kI jainakalA 10. upasahAra 132 11. pariziSTa 1-khaMDagiri kI brAhmIlipi 134 12. , 2-poDosA meM noMkA nidarzana 13. , 3-poDosA ke jainI aura khaMDagiri udayagiri kI guphAyeM 142 146

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WHERE MINERABAR HERE HER MAHARA SEAN S OMESTMENTAmitTARTHA +91 .. .. Ramesh RL.SALI _superHit ANAL / PARIHS900 - bha0 zAntinAtha kI pASANa mUrti (kaTaka ke jaina madira meM sthita)

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bhAva tIna varSa purAne zasya (dhAna) se haiM jo upaja na sake 1 usake cAvalo dvArA yajJa karanA cAhiye / kintu itane meM ho yaha prAlocanA samApta na huI / tIsare vyakti ke dvArA usakA samAdhAna karAne ke liye ve dono eka rAjAke pAsa gaye / una kI sabhA meM aneka yukti evaM tarka vivecanA ke bAda nArada kA mata yathArtha rUpame gRhIta huA / isaprakAra parvatane parAjita hone para dUsare rAjAke sahArese pazu hiMsA dvArA yajJa karane ke naye mata kA pracAra kiyA / nArada ahiMsA ke pracAra meM lage rahe / isa taraha hiMsA dhaura prahiMsA ke rUpa ke bheda se eka veda kI do zAkhAye banI / prApasa meM yaha do zAkhAyeM prazAkhAmro bhaura pallavI ke sambhAra se parivartita hokara purAtana vaTa vRkSa ke praroha kI taraha svatantra vRkSa ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara brAhmaNa aura jaina ke nAmase abhihita huI / kramazaH ubhaya goSTI kI upAsanA zrIra AcAra kI praNAlI bhinna hone lago aura dono eka hI vRkSake do praroha the. yaha bAta smRti ke bAhara calI gayI / yadyapi jaina bhI isa bAtako mAnate haiM ki bha0 RSabhadevaja) ke jJAnase prArSa veda race gaye the aura nArada-parvata savAda ke samaya taka bha0 RSabha devakA prahiMsAdharmaM pracalita thA / prataeva vizvAra se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki mUla meM brAhmaNa aura jaina- dono dharma eka parivAra ke hai / jainadharma bauddhadharma se adhika prAcIna hai| bauddhoke dharmagrantho meM likhA huA hai ki bhajJAtRputra mahAvIrake ziSyoM ne aneka vAra ma0 buddhake sAtha zAstrArtha kiyA thA / buddha ne svaya hI aneka kSetroM meM nirgrantha tathA prAjIvako ke mata kA virodha kiyA thaa| bha0 mahAbIrake sanyAsI hone ke pahale se hI jainadharma pracalita thaa| pahale bhaneko kI dhAraNA aisI thI ki bauddha 1 (1) Sacred Book of the East (Jain Sutras ( by Dr. Jacobi. Introduction,

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dharma se jainadharma ko utpatti huI hai, parantu yaha bAta pramAtmaka hai| jainadharma bauvadharmase ati prAcIna hai,isameM sadehake lie sthAna nahIM hai / bha. mahAvIra jainadharma ke 24 tIrthakara hai / vaha vuddha ke samasAmayika the| buddha kI taraha unakA janma rAjavaMza humA thaa| nihatthe eka masta hAthI ko damana karane tathA upaganta mahA kaThina tapasyA karane ke kAraNa unako 'mahAvIra' jaise gauravamaya upanAma se pukArA gyaa| bha0mahAvIrane utkala meM prAkara jainadharmakApracAra kiyA thaa| utkala meM unake dharma kA mukhya kendra kumArI parvata (mAnakA khaNDagiri) thaa| kintu uDIsA ke mahendra parvata meM mAdi tIrthaMkara RSabha kA bhI prAsthAna thaa| mAjakala mahendra .parvata majasA meM hai aura rAjakIya uDIsA meM va ho kara mAMdhra meM ginA jAtA hai| ina ullekhoMse uskala (uDIsA)meM jainadharmakI prAcInatA kA boSa hotA hai| ma. buddha ke samasAmayika hone ke kAraNa kaI loga ma. mahAvIra ko duravaMzIya kahate the| parantu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM; kyoki bha. mahAvIra jAtaka kSatriya vaMzake the| hAM, yaha kahanA avazya hI saca hai ki utkala meM yugapat hindU, jainatathA boTa dharma kA pracalana thaa| bha. mahAvIra kuNDagrAma ke jAtaka-kSatriya rAjA sivAke kulameM janme the| unake janma leneke sAtha hI,balki usake pahale se hI, unake kula kI mora rASTrako dhana eva aizvarya meM vRddhi hone ke kAraNa una kA nAma 'varSamAna' rakkhA gyaa| praura sabhI kI yaha mAzA evaM abhilASA thI ki rAjaputra varSamAna apane pitA ke rAjyako samadhi bar3hAyeMge; parantu vaha svayaM janmase hI jinendra bhagavAnakI taraha sAdhu banane kI laganameM the| yuvAvasthA rAmezvarya kolAta mArakara unhoMne paDaNyameM jAkara kaThora tapasyA pAInakI

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aura aMtameM siddha-kAma banakara jinadeva hue| unako pravidhA dUra huI mora ve sarvajJa bane / unhone doghaM kAla arthAt 42 varSoM taka jainadharmakA pracAra kiyaa| utkalakA kumArI-pavaMta unakA pradhAna saghapITha thA mora vahIse jainavarmaka pragaNita kalyANakArI taraga magaNita dizAmome phaile the| isake bahuta varSoMbAda,samrATa azoka kalima vijaya meM ghora narasaMhAra dekhakara anupAta se dagdha hRdaya huye| aura phira bauddhadharma ko grahaNa karake usake pracAra meM lage the / * devAnA priyadarzI" ke upa-nAma se vaha prasiba hue the| phalata: bauddhadharmakA pracAra vibhinna dizAmo meM vyApta humaa| kintu yaha sabakucha hone para bhI utAla me jaina dharma apanA sira uThAye rakhakara apanI rakSA karatA rahA / kAlacakra ke mAvartana se utkala phira svAdhIna hamA aura IsA se pahale pahalI zatI meM yahA khAravela rAjA hue / bhAratake vibhinna sthAno kI digvijaya karake jainadharmako kalyANakArI taraMgako unhoMne adhika vyApaka kara diyaa| ma. mahAvIra se 250 sAla pahale bha. pAzrvanAtha ne jisa dharma kA pracAra kiyA thA usa dharmako zvetAmbara boga cAturyAma kahate haiM, kyo ki usa meM cAra vrata the| yathA-mahiMsA, pacaumya, manta prora aparigraha / isa cAtaryAma dharma kA saMskAra karake ma0mahAvIra ne usako pacayAmameM pariNata kiyA / una 5vA vrata hai prArama sayamamaya brahmacarya / isake Upara unahoMne vizeSa jora diza pA) digambara jaina zAstro meM aisA ballekha ko nahIM milatA paratu una meM bhI bha. pAvaM nAya aura ma. mahAvIra ke mAcAra dharma meM kAlabheda se antara batAyA hai| bha. pAzrvanAtha ke sagha meM sAmAyika caritra pracalita thA aura ma. mahAvIra ke sabameM chedo-pasthApanAcAritra kA prAbalya thA / My Indian Antiquary Vol. x. pp.180-81 - - - -

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mauke kAlase jainadharma meM matabhedakA bIja par3A thA, jisase IsvI pahaloM zatAbdI meM vaha do bhAgo meM vibhakta humrA thA / usa samaya jainadharma ke do prasiddha prAcArya bhadrabAhu aura sthUlabhadra nAmaka the / bhadrabAhu digambara sapradAya kA Arambha huA mora sthUlabhadra se zvetAbara sapradAyakA / hariSeNakRta "kathA koSa" meM likhA huA hai ki 12 sAla taka durbhikSa par3ane kI bAtako jAnakara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne apane ziSyoko dakSiNa cale jAne ke lie kahA thA aura ve svaya ujjayinI jAkara vahA anazana vratake dvArA samAdhistha hue the / 1 bauddho ke "piTaka" grantha kI taraha jainiyo ke "siddhAnta " grantha bhI haiM / vaha hai "praGga mora pUrva" bhadrabAhune ina saba siddhAMta grantho kA parizIlana kiyA thA / zvetAmbara mAnate haiM ki isa samaya I0 0 pU0 4sadI meM praGga pratyokA sakalana huA thA / usa se pahale gurumukha se jainadharmakA pracAra hotA mArahA thA / uparAnta 554 I0 meM ballabhImeM zvetAmbara jainiyo ko eka mahAsabhA AcArya devagaNa kSamA zramaNa ke netRtva meM baiThI / usa sabhAmeM jainadharma ka una granthokA saMkalana kiyA gayA jo prAz2a zvaitAsvarIya bhAgama sAhitya hai / (3) prata. devagiNiko zve 0 jainiyoMkA buddhaghoSa kahA jAsakatA hai / jainiyo sArI bAte ina anyoM meM lipivaddhakI gayI hai | 2 jaina ke aneka granya lupta ho gaye haiM, jinako 'pUrva" kahate 4 the / phira bhI jainiyoka aneka grantha haiM / digambara jainiyo kA sAhitya mI ati ucca koTIkA hai / lekina vaha prAya. mraprakAzita hI hai / unake matAnusAra praGga Jing pUrva grantha munivaroM kI smRti kSINa hone se lupta ho gye| unakA kucha maza jo zrI dharasenAcAryako yAda thA vaha unhoMne pahalI zatIme girinagara me lipivaddha karA diyA thA / bahu siddhAMta (3) zAhe 'uttara bhArata mA jainadharma' (bambaI) ----

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donoM pranAdise paraspara prAdhArita hai| pudgala (Matter) meM bhI paryAya yA parivartana hote hai| jaina kula che dravya yA vastu mAnate hai, jo jIva, pudgala, dharma, pradharma, prAkAza mora kAla hai / jainadharmakA syAdvAda nyAya eka camatkAra pUrNa tathya hai / vAstavameM yahI hai jainadharmakA darzana / 'syAt masti, syAt nAsti, syAt prasti nAsti, syAt pravaktavya, syAt mastipravaktavyaM, syAt nAsti, pravaktavyaM syAt asti nAsti vaktavya' arthAt yaha ho sakatA hai, yaha nahI ho sakatA hai, kisI dRSTi vizeSa se hai, kisI dRSTi bizeSa se nahI hai / syAdvAdakA artha isa taraha baDA vilakSaNa zrIra vicitra hai| pranekAnta usakI pRSThabhUmi hai| eka hI vastu pranekadRSTi koNa se dekhI jA sakatI hai / jaise pitA ke sambandhase maiM putra hU~, bahana ke sambadha se bhAI, bhatIjA ke sabandhase cAcA, eka hone para bhI meM bahu prakArase mAnya hu~ / lekina pitA mAtA ke sambandha se maiM putra hote hue bhI bahana ke sabandhase putra nahI hU~ / bhagara dono ke sambandhase merI varNanA kI jAya to meM putra hU~ phira bhI sa putra nahIM hU~ / eka hote bhI eka honA yA na honA anivacanIya hai / isIliye vizvake bAharakI bAto ko tathA vicAra zailI se bAhara Thaharane vAle sasArakI vividha vastunoMko vividha dRSTikoNa se dekhane ke dvArA hamArI dRSTi udAra hotI hai, vibhinna prakAra ke virodha haTa jAte hai mora prema kA prasAra hotA hai / yaha hai jaina nyAyakI. vizeSanA vaha samanvaya kI prAdhArazilA hai / jainadharma me mukhyata: sAta tatvokI mImAsA milatI hai / ve tatva nimna prakAra hai. jIvacaitanya guNa saMpanna sattA / ajIba zarIrAdi jar3a padArtha / - mAnava- zubhAzubhAdi karmoM kA dvAra / karmabandhamAtmA aura karmakA pArasparika saMmelana /

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saMbara-zubhAzubha karmoMkA prtikaar| nirjarA-sacita karmose svatantra honaa| mokSa-karmakA sapUrNa vinAza va prAtmasvAtaMtrya / jainiyoMke aSTamAMgalika dravya bhI hai / usIse hamArI praSTamagalako mAnyatA hai / vivAha ke bAda aSTamaMgalo kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isame 8 prakArake ustu hote hai, yathA - svastika, zrIvatsa,nandyAvarta,vardhamAna yA bhadrAsana, kalasa,matsya aora darpaNa / sAdhAraNata hama magala ke liye pUrNaku ma kI sthApanA karate hai / paura usameM Ama kI DAla DAlate hai / dahI aura machalI kA prAkAra bhI magalasUcaka hai| __isase spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki jainadharmake aSTamagala dravyo ko hamane hindUdharmake andara ghusAliyA hai, aSTamagala dravyo kA dUsarA sabhI hai rUpabhI yathA -mRgarAja vRkSa,nAga,kalasa,vyajana,vaijayantI, bharI aura dIpa / kahI kahI isaprakArake praSTamagalaka mile hai-brAhmaNa gau, hutAzana, hiraNya, ghRta, prAditya, apa aura rAjA / jainadharma meM pUjAke prasagame praSTa prAtihAryokA pracalana hai| yathA -prazoka vRkSa, sura- puSpavRSTi, divyadhvani, cAmara, mAsana, bhAmaDala dudubhi aura mAtapatra / bauddhoko taraha jainiyokA bhI triratnameM vizvAsa hai / ye triratna jainadharmake sAre tatvoM kA samAhAra hai / samyak darzana, samyaka jJAna aura samyak cAritra mokSa prAptike liye ye tIna cIja eka avalabana hai| (4) jainadharma me svastika cinha kI eka vizeSa prAvazyaka mAnyatA hai| nIce svastikakA eka citra diyA gyaahai| manuSya devatA tirya mArakI matatvArthapUna oh i. vita

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yaha hai jainiyA~kA jo vibhAgakA saMketa maya prtiik| janamatake anusAra jIva zreNoM meM vibhakta hai / yathA:-bArakI, tiyaMca, manuSya aura devatA / jinakI prAsurI vRtti hai aura narakomevAsa karate hai ve nArakI hai, pazu pakSI yA kITa-patagAdi ke rUpame janma liyA ve haiM tiryaca,nara dehIM jIva hai,aurajo sUkSma zarIrI ve hai devtaa| jainiyo kI kalpanana aura dRSTi se jIva, svarga, mayaM pAtAla sarvatra vyApta hai / jainiyokI sarvabhUta dayAkA yahI tAtparya hai / svastika isIkA pratIka hai| yaha svastika janadharma granthoM aura madiroM meM adhika dikhAI paDatA hai| jainiyoMkI akSata pUjAmeM yaha cinheM Aja bhI dikhAI par3atA hai| svastikake Upara tIna bindu triratna "sabhyam darzana jJAna cAritrANi maujJamArga"kA saMketa karate haiN| niratnake Upara adhamAtrA hai aura usake Upara candravindu kA cinheM hai / isameM jIvakA mokSa yA nirvANa kI kalpanA sphUrta huI hai| isameM tanika bhI saMdeha nahI ki svastika jainiyoMkA prAdi cinha hai / jaina loga deva paryAyake jIvoM ko cAra 'mAMgo meM piyakta karate hai| yathAH-1 bhavanapati, vyantaraM, 3 jyotiSa, vaimaanik| ve pAtAla, martya, antarIkSa aura svarga ke adhipati hai| khaNDagirimeM Aja bhI eka pAtAla ko aura eka martha kI guphA vidyamAna hai| " jaina tIrthaMkaro kI kotti atulanIya hai| tIrthakara hai jo sasAra rUpI ghATa ke pAra pahu~cAtehaiM arthAt jIvanakI naukA calAne ke liye ThIka mArga batAte haiN| saMvatIrthakara kSatriya paritu ve sanyAsI banakara jagatkA zreSTa mAdarza mArga dikhAte haiN| RSabha, (5) 'nava bhArata' julAI 1910 se agRhIta. . (6) The Heart of Jainism by Mrs. Sinclair Stevenson, P. 105.

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naimi, pAzrvanAtha, mahAvIra koI kisIse kama nahI the| 24 tIthaMkaro ko milAkara jaina boga kula 63 zalAkA puruSo ko svIkAra karate hai / ve hai 24 tIrthakara 12 cakravartI 6 baladeva 6 nArAyaNa (vAsudeva) 9 prati nArAyaNa (prati vAsudeva ) ye 63 zalAkApuruSa hai, jinakA vizada vivaraNa nimnaprakAra hai 24 tIthaMkara RSabha, ajita, sabhava, abhinandana, sumati padmaprabha, supArI, cadraprabha, suvidhi, zItala, zreyAza, vAsupUjya, vimala, ananta, dharmanAtha, zAntinAtha, kuMthanAtha,paranAtha, mallI, muni subrata, nami, nemi, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra / 12 cakravatI bharata, sagara,maghavAn,sanatkumAra, zAntinAtha, kunthanAtha, arahanAtha, subhauma, padmanAbha, hariSeNa, jayamena, brahmadatta / 6 baladeva-acala, vijaya, bhadra, suSama, sudarzana, mAnanda, nandana, rAmacandra, padma / nArAyana yAbAsudevatripRSTa, dvipRSTha, svayabhU, puruSottama, puruSasiha,puNDarIka, dattadeva lakSmaNa, kRSNa / 6 pratinArAyaNa yA prativAsudevaazvagrIva,tAraka,meraka,madhu,nizuMbha,bAli,prahalAda.rAvaNa,jarAsaSa jainadharmame vIratvakI gAthA nirAle Dhagase kI gaI hai| usa me tyAga kI kathA yA apane ko jItanekI kathA hai| saccA jaina vaha hai jisane apane ko jItA hai yAno sArI bAsanAo pora pravRttiyoM ko apane vaza meM kara rakkhA hai| jisane nijako jIta

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bhAsita hai isa freei ko bhUla kara hama vibhinna deva deviyoM kI kArAvanA meM magna rahate hai- bAhara kI zakti kI pUjA karate hai / pracurya haiM, vyakti mukti ko bAhara DhUMDha rahA hai ! mAnava tathA anya jIvoke sAtha aikya dhIra sakhAbhAva sthApana karanA dharmakA prabalatama upadeza hai| isIliye jainiyone pahiMsA kI bIti ko pratyakSa vigUr3ha bhAvase grahaNa kiyA hai / ve loga rAta meM bhojana isaliye nahIM karate ki rAta meM dIpa jalAne para usameM kITa pralaya girakara mara jAte haiM / yahA~ taka ki pAnI ko chAnakara pIte hai aura usakA paramita upayoga karate hai jisa se ki jalakAsa ke choTe choTe jIvANuoMoM kA nAza na ho / pRthvI ke itara dharmokI bhAti jainadharma meM himaka- yuddho kA ghanaghora yA pazuvalaparaka vIratvakA pariprakAza dikhAI nahI detA / dharma meM zAnti, sauhArda, prIti, saMyama, zrahiMsA, aura madhura maitrI mAdi vizeSatAyeM vidyamAna hai / dhArmika, prAdhyAtmika, dArzanika aura vyAvahArika vicArase jainadharma ne mAnava jIvana ko sundara karanekA vidhAna kiyA hai| kisI bhI jIvakI hisA na karanA aura usa sAdhata se mokSa kA lAbha karanA jainadharmakI sabase baDI vizeSatA hai| bauddhadharmake nirvANa me anta meM zarIra kA dhvasa karanA par3atA hai, lekina mokSake liye apaneko dhvasa karanekI bAla jaMnadharma se nahIM hai / usameM apane ko jItakara jagat kI sevA lagane kI bAta hai | yahI hai saccA mokSa bar3e prAzcarya kI java hai ki aisA dhUmramata bhI sasAra meM sRmaddhita bhora vyApta sa. ho skaa| mere vicArase isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki malaya ke hRdaya se zAnti kI spRhAse yuddha kI pravRtti adhika mAtrA me baiThatI hai / usa pravRtti kA samUla vinAza karanA jaina #f kI prAna caiSTA hai| isaliye dharma pracArakoMka dvArA pRthvI ke vizcindra yAdoM meM dharma ke liye yuddha huSTi kI ceSTA jaina dharma ma

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nai nahIM kI hai| phira bhI prazna uThatA hai ki bauddhadharmane to dharmake nAmase yuddha nahI kiyA hai, phira vaha kaise bhArata ke bAhara cIna jApAna mAdi sudUra dezoM meM pracarita ho sakA ? maiM socatA hU~ ki jainadharmakI nIrasa kaThoratA aura niSThAne usako janasAdhAraNa meM lokapriya nahI kara paayaa| baudadharma apane madhyama pandha (ke kAraNa) yAnI nAtikaThora pora nAti vilAsapUrNa jIvana yAtrA ke kAraNa adhika lokAdaraNIya ho sakA thaa| jainadharma meM torthaMkaro ke sukaThora prAdarza ne logo ko vimugdha kiyA sahI lekina usase loga sadA ke liye anuprANita ho nahIM sake / ___ janaloga bhArata ke bAhara anya kisI deza meM paridRSTa na hote hue bhI bhAratake kAThiyAvADa,rAjasthAna pora utkala mAdi prAnto meM prAjataka dikhAI dete haiN| uDIsA ke aneka prAntoM meM yathA purIkI prAcI nadIkI bhavavAhikA tathA pAThagaDa,meM tigi. rimA namApATaNa mAdi sthAnoM meM 'mI jaina basavAsa karate hai| siMhabhUma meM sarAka ke nAma eka jAti ke loga rahate hai / mahA mahopAdhyAya haraprasAda zAstrIne ina logo ko bauddha kahA hai lekina merA dRDha mata hai ki ve jaina hai| __mayUrabhaja bhora kesbukara jilA ke jisa jisa sthAname jaina dharmake prAcIna avazeSa aura nivarzana mile hai vahA sarAkapokhariyAM maujUda hai / ina saba pokhariyoko sarAka jAtike logo ne khuda vAyA thaa| sarAka loga zAkAhArI hote hai / unakI prAcAra * jainAcAra bhI sabhI vargake logoke liye upayukta hai aura eka samaya baha bhAratetara dezoM meM vyApta thA, kintu saMgaThana ke prabhAva meM videzomeM bauddha dharma ne usakA sthAna le liyaa| aphrIkA siMgApura Adi dezoM meM Aja bhI janI hai / -kA0 pra (8) H.P. Sastri's Introducton to Neo.Budhism in Orissa by N.N Basu,

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paddhati hiMdUdharma se prabhAvita hone para bhI usake Upara jainiyoMkA kAphI prabhAva paDA hai / zAyada isIliye haraprasAda zAstrIne ina ko bauddha kahA thaa| lekina zAstrI jI se bahuta pahale paNDita DAlTana ne inako jaina kahA hai 9 (9) Chuhanghen by Dalton J. B.O.R.S. vol.XII Part lll meM S. N. Roy kA Saraks of Mayurabhanja dekhiye ! -14

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2. jaina dharma kI aitihAsika bhUmikA Aja bhAratakA jo hissA 'utkala' ke nAmase prakhyAt hai, usame Der3ha karoDakI prAvAdI ke bhItara jainiyo kI saMkhyA DeDhasI bhI nahIM dikhatI hai, kintu eka dina aisA bhI thA jabaki jainadharma utkalakA rASTrIya dharmaM banA huA thA / samrAT khArabela ke rAjatvakAla meM usI utkala meM khaNDagiriko guphA prome khodita zilAlipiyAM isa bAtakI gavAhI dene ke liye kAphI hai / astu, tabataka jainadharma sambandhI AlocanA prapUrNa rahegI, jabataka usa dharma ke abhyudaya, prasAra, prAdhAnya, dezIya paramparA, saMskRti, bhUgola, itihAsa, bhASA, sAhitya prAdi viSayokA pUrApUrA dhanuzIlana na huA ho aura usa anuzIlana ke phalasvarUpa usakA vAstavika rUpa sabake sAmane prakaTa na huA ho / prata utkala meM jainadharmakA paryayalocana karane ke liye sabase pahale bhaugolika vicAra honA jarUrI hai / kaliMga eka bahuta purAnA deza hai| purANoM tathA dharmazAstroM meM isake pramANa anaginata hai / mizrI, yunAnI tathA cInI paryaTakoM ke bhramaNavRttAntoM meM bhI utkala kA ullekha haiM / 2 vibhinna cha: rASTro ke sammizraNase isa prAcIna bhUkhaNDakA nirmANa huA hai aura ye hai- mor3arASTra, kaliMga, kaMgoda, utkala, 1- kUrma purANa, pra0 41; pragniH a010; vAyu0 pra0 33; brAhmANDa a014; bArAha0 0 74 viSNu 0 pra0 18 skanda0 50 16 | 2- Pliny, Ptolemy, Geography. Yuan Chwang eto. -25

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dakSiNa kozala prora gagarADI / ye cha. rASTra kabhI eka cakravartI ke adhIna rahate the to kabhI svAdhIna ho jAte the / usa jamAnekI paristhiti aura rAjakIyavikAsakA yaha hAla thaa| magara acaraja kI bAta yaha hai ki ina rASTroMko saskRti aura sabhyatA eka thI aura eka hI mAse aura eka hI kramake anusAra inakA vikAsa hotA rahatA thA / vastuta gagAse lekara godAvarI taka aura pUrvI samudra se lekara daNDakAraNya taka utkala vistRta thA, kAlakrama se dakSiNakozala kA kucha praza usase alaga ho gayA aura zeSakA nAma trikaliMga paDa gayA / isa nAmako lekara plInI ma~gAstinisa Adi videzI paryaTakAne apane apane bhramaNavRttAntome uttara kaliMga, madhya kaliMga aura dakSiNa kaliMga kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / 'utkalame jainadharma'- kahanekA artha vyApaka honA cAhiye / deza ke bhAcAra-vicAra, saskRti, dharmagratha, kAvyapuraNAdi sAhi tyika grantha, zilpa, sthApatya prAdi bAto para kisI bhI dharmake prabhAvakA vicAra avazya honA cAhiye / yaha yukti sirpha utkala ke liya nahI, valki kisI bhI rAjya yA pradeza ke liye lAgU hai / kintu usase pahale usa dharmake saMsthApaka pracAraka aura dharma kI nIti ke bAreme vicAra karanA bhI prAvazyaka hai| kisI bhI dharmakI pratiSThA, pracAra, parivRddhi, prakAza aura parAkASThA usa dharmakI mahattA, usake pracArako ke sAdhusvabhAva, viziSTa nirmala jIvana tathA ucca prAdarza prasaga ke krama apane Apa sAmane zrA jAte hai / isa bAta ko sAmane dekhakara jaMnadharma kI gaveSaNA yA anuzIlana karate calege to hame IsAke pahale ghAThavI sadI taka yA aura pIche jAnA hogaa| bhArata ke itihAsake vAremeM hameM IsA ke janma se pahale sAtavI sadI takakA pUrApUrA vivaraNa ThIka rUpa 3- kUrmapurANa -16

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samizana mtasy WRITE WHITE IsAkenvAtmake pahale sAtoM bAdIle pauramA pAleke liye purANoMgAmAcaka nihAra pArI baloM meM gaNitAnAmoM kI kucha mahobadalake hote hae bhIsama vivaraNakA eka anokhA sAdRzya rahA hai prAnakI sahAyatAle.yApiitihAsakI RmikabArAkA nivAkenA-kaThina hai.', phira bhI mukhya anAmakA kama jAnI jA sakatA hai| isa taraha bhArata itihAsa kA muhara prasIta pavajhamAre vinAviSayake rUpa meM sAtAdorahama isameM 'gharage bar3hakara calate haiM to purukSetra kA samaya hamAre sAmane eka nizAna bana-mAtA vidvAnokA liyA hai ki yaha vAsA ke janma ke pahale caudahavIM sadI meM humAyA - "FA - bainadharmakI paramparA anusAra tIrSakara bhAvatAra ke 250 sAla bAda ma0 mahAvIrekA mAvimA humAyA hoco mahApuruSa namAma antima tIpaMkara aura adhika mitavAlI pracAraka bhI banadharmake kula bImAMkAse kI sasyA soyIsA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki prAparvanAprase pahale bonIbAIsa tI zaMkara ho gaye haiM / inameM se prayAmAtIkArakA nAmAkanabhadeva siha pAdimAyanI kahate hai bAIsaveM tInokara kAnAmadhAneminAtha mAriSTanemi jo dRSyivaMzIya aura bI.kRSNAlI ke bere Political History of 16HIK-D'1 1.CF'Rayoion. dhury bopantha 'mAya mAthI'. yUjakArUpa meM tibagAya bhASA meM bika hayA yA usameM eka mAmAya meM 10 sakA bhAratIya banavA kA varNana hai usame kaice.sAvako ko likhatI meM kaligake RSaka mAyA liyA basA hai | DK RarJayanral's Imperial History of India. ### **FLProdbedrogenofindiab wistorsCongream1939 'Barsatta.sashirBRAS Altekar's Promidential Addross-Appundi history inprobis - F ll pin -

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bhAI bhI inase inheM (neminApako) IsA janmase pahale caudahayoM sadIke kaha sakate haiM / yaha nirNaya purANoMke sahAre kiyAjAtA hai| purANa vaNita mahAbhArata ke yuddha se mekara candragupta sAmrAjya taka kA kAla eka kramake sAtha niNita hai / dasa bAraha sAla ke hera phera ke hote hue bhI usa jamAne ke dUsare vivaraNAtmaka itihAsa ke dvArA samarthita hai / jo hera-phera dikhAI detA hai vaha kevala cAndramAna aura sauramAna ke kAraNa hI, isase siddha hotA hai ki alaga alaga dharma-pracArako ke jIvanakAla kA pharka 250 se 500 sAla ke bhItara hI hai| aisA honA svAbhAvika hai| kisI mavapratita dharmakI dIkSA kucha kAlake bAda apanI nirmala jyoti khokara malina ho jAtI hai / yaha itihAsa kI cirantana rIti hai / isa malinatA ko dUra karake navIna dharmakA pravatana yA saskAra ke liye lokaguruSoM kA mAvirbhAva humA karatA hai| isa dRSTikoNa se vicAra karanese mAlUma hotA hai ki pariSTanemi se pahale jo 21 tIrthaGkara ho gaye haiM unake samaya ke antara kI ginatI karane para mAdinAtha kA samaya karIba IsA se pahale 3000 sAla kA ho jAtA hai / mizrI, bAbilanIya paura sumerIya prAdi prAcIna sabhyatA ke kAna ke hisAbase tathA mahen-jodADo, harappA mora narmadA kI upatyakA meM purAtatvAtvika gaveSaNa se jisa kAlakA nirNaya humA hai, usase isa kAla 6- RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha, sambhavanAtha, abhinandananAtha, sumitinAtha, paprama, supAzvanAtha, candraguprabhu, suvidhinAtha, puSpadantanAya, zItalanAtha, zreyAsanAtha, bAsupUjya, vimalanApa, manantanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAntinAya, kunyanAtha, bharanAtha, mallInAtha munisuvata, naminAtha, neminAtha pAnAdha, mhaaviir| *jana mAnyatAke anusAra RSabhadeva bhogabhUmike anta aura karmabhUmikI bhAdimeM hue, jisase anumAna hotA hai ki RSamadeva pAsAna yugake bAda kRSiyuga me hue the| bha* nemikA samaya bhI prAcIna hai| -kA.pra.

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kA patA pAsAnI se mila jAtA hai| dedoM kI cAmo meM mAdinAba RSabhadeva kA nAma prApta hotA hai| yadyapi koI koI ise prakSipta batAte hai|ho mI yaha spaSTa hai kivAdako aba pAyana vyAsa ne vedoMkA saMkalana kiyA taba unhoMne devoM meM isa bAtako bor3a diyA hogaa| mAsa kurukSetra yuddha ke samaya yAnI IsA se pahale bArahavIM sadI meM the, isase sikha hotA hai ki gyAsa jaba vedoM kA sammAna karane lage the taba taka RSabha deva bhagavAna ke rUpameM svIkRta yA grahIya ho cuke the yaha mAna menA pdd'egaa| isake bAre meM lokamAnya tilakamI gItArahasyakI mAlocanA mora anuzAsana prapidhAna-yogya hai.. jainI dharmagranthoMmeM prAdinAtha RSabhadeva ke bAremeM kucha aise viSaya hai jinameM eka dezadarzitA hai| unhone UsakA mAviSkAra kiyA thA aura logoMko pazupAlana aura khetIkI zikSA hI pI. Adi viSayoMkA ullekha hai, hAM, usa samaya 'bhAratavarSa' aisA nAma nahIM humA thA, kyoki tabataka bharata rASA nahIM bane the RSabhake putra bharatake nAmase dezakA nAma 'bhArata' maa| lekina unase pahale ikSvAkuvazI rAjA (jasake bAvikAraka vaMzake) ho gayethe pora dezameM khetIkA nAma psaataapaa| sopA bhI karate the, svayaM RSabhadeva putreSTiyA ke 7- Prshistoric India-Stnart Piggott-PP.132-213. -agveda meM digambara sAdhuoM kI carcA hai| deva yamala i. 10 116. isameM bimpara sAdhumoM ke netA kezIkI prazaMsA hai| isa kezako varNanA bhAgavata ke apamadeva kI varNanAse karIbI milatI hai| 1- bItArahasya-bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka kucha (bhUmikA liye|) 10-bhavavAha racita kalpasUma meM samarevakI SaSika zikSAmoM kA uslekha hai| pahale moga kalpavRkSa se banA pAte the / Wilson's farygon Page-102, Jaopbi in I. Antiquary IXPage-103. Mabavina and his Predecedora. - -

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phalasvarUpa paidA hue the| RSabhadeva bUba pramApriya aura zAstra vidhAnoMkomavaya sajakAja calAte the| dukhaNe meM chahoMne bAmaprasthAnamanAyA yA snakI kaI raaniyaathiiN| 1415, ekadinIsambanA nAmako eka nartakI ke nAma-mAna:ke nimita seM bha yaMtra saMsArase muha morakara mahatoke bAhara pAle maryagaura hakAlavAda tapasyAmaH siddhinAmApana ahiMsA pUrNa dharmakA pracAra karane lge| unameM prathama no putroM meM rAjatyo bAda pativrata apanAyA nA mora susare puna mI RSi ho gaye ahiMsA kI dIkSA dekara RSavAko pazupati karane ke sike yoga sAdhanA karane kA upadecA sabako dekhe|| ' bAra ke tIrthakaroMne prANihiMsA na karane ke liye bisa niyama ko svIkAra kiyA unakA pAlana hotA bahA kintu basa yahA~ para asurokA prakopa humA mo ahiMsA -- pradhAna gAIsvAzrama calAnA nAmumakina ho gyaa| dharmake kar3e kAnUna mora zava nItiyAM logo ko anumANita na kara sakI / isIlie aise eka zuSka jJAnamAgaM aura niktipara dharmake ati para samAja meM bAzcAra mArjana aura naye naye sakAroM ke hone meM prAyama karane kI bAtahI kyA hai ? hindutroM ke pulo mI kitanAhI sikha virgambara sAdhaSoMke mAmAsamAlo sAmalli. khita pAye jAte haiM / ve jaitI dIkSAke mUlamatra aura mubatattvakA bahaNa karake nirlobha, ho nagaroM meM ghUmate / isataraha sajAyakoM patAke bAda mahAbhArata yugaka praviSTanAma kA nAma hameM, milatA pramAne meM praviSAnemikA lono bAtharatA thaa| lanatAha kiyAvaraNavAkA mogaksAkA pracAraka nahI ho pAyA thaa| pariSTanama nAmase yo saMskArAsamA sAzatA CO LING. IYUONUNARY sAdhAraNa sAdazyakhate hI bhI 1.ni THE / -

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ho kara unase zAdI karanA cAhatI thI, lekina kaliMga ke rAjA aura dUsare rAje bho prabhAvatI ko pAne ke liye lAlayita ye phala svarUpa lar3AI chir3I, rAjA prasenajita ne laDAI ke liye pArzvanAtha kI sahAyatA maaNgii| prAkhira pArzvanAtha ne laDAImeM kaliMga ko harA kara prabhAvatI se zAdI kI / khaNr3agiri meM anantaguphA ko pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ke Upara eka sAtha hai, yaha utkalIya pArzvanAtha kA eka khAsa cinha hai / mahendra parvata kI pArzvanAtha mUrti sahasrasarpoM ke phano se prAcchAdita hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIrajI IzvI pU0 557 meM apane jIvana kI 42 sAla kI umra meM tIrthaMkara bane the / 72 sAlakI umra meM IzvI 0 pU0 527 meM unhone nirvANa prApta kiyA thA / jRmbhika nAma ke gAva me unhone kevala jJAna prApta kiyA thA maura bAraha varSa taka gaMbhIra cintA zraura antaha STi ke sAtha jIvana bitAne ke bAda unako jJAnalAbha huA, tIrthaMkaromeM unakA sthAna sarvottama hai / kalpasUtra, uttarapurANa, triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra mora barddhamAna carita prAdi jainagrantho meM unako jIvanI kA vistRta varNana hai| jainadharma meM unakA sthAna prapratihata mora advitIya hai / 24 tIrthaM karo meM zreSTha tIrthaMkara ke rUpameM unakI ginatI hotI hai / isaliye unakA lAJchana 'siMha' rahA hai / jaino ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM meM se 14 tIrthaMkarone magadha, bhaga tathA baMga meM dehatyAgakara nirvANalAbha kiyA hai| eka samaya jaina dharma pazcima bhAratameM bhI vyApta thA, phirabhI magadha, aga, jaga aura kaliMga isa dharmake mukhya kSetra the / magadha tathA kaliMga ke samrAjyakA dharma bana jAne ke kAraNa deza meM isa dharmakA mahatva jitanA baDhagayA thA bauddhadharmakA mahatva utanA nahI bar3hA thA / kisI bhI dharmake sudUra vistArakI pratiSThA ke liye kamase kama cAra-pAca sadiyokI apekSA hai / zAkyasiMha kA vedavirodhI -22 --

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maura saMkhyA mata paripUraka bauddhadharma cArasau sAlake bAda eziyA bhara meM vyApaka ho paayaa| isa rAste se Age bar3hate jAyeM to hameM mAna lenA hogA ki ma. mahAvIrajI ke bahuta pahale jainadharmakA pracAra ho cukA thA-maura yahI usa dharma kI prati prAcInatA kI prabalatama yukti hai| jainadharmakI prAcInatA ke bAre meM aisA bhI kahA jAtA hai ki dakSiNa bhAratameM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu apane ziSya cadragupta maurya ko aura aneka jaina sAdhuo ko sAthame lekara sabase pahale IzvI pU0 268 meM pahuMce the| lekina bhanya eka pramANake anusAra pragaTa hai ki jainadharma mahAvIrako jIvaddazA meM hI dakSiNa bhArata meM phailA thA ? ma. mahAvIra antima tIrthakara the| usa samayameM jainadharma kaliMga, mahArAja, prodha aura siMhala meM vyApta humA paa| hAthI guphA zilAlekha se mAlUma par3atA hai ki mahAvIra kaliMga mAye the aura unhone kumArI parvatase jainadharmakA pracAra kiyA thaa| adhikatu IzvI0pU0pahalI sadI meM jainadharma kaliMgakA rASTradharma ho gayA thaa| mahArASTra meM bhI bha0mahAvIrase pahale jaina dharmakA pracAra humA, kyoki ma. pArzvanAtha ke ziSya karaphaMDa kaligake rAjA the|unhone terapura (dhArAziva) guMphAkA paridarzana kiyA thA aura vahA jaina madiro kA nirmANa karAyA thaa|" una madiro meM jinendro kI mUttiyA sthApita huI thiiN| isake sAthahI yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki mAMdhra meM mauryoM ke rAjatva se pahale jainadharma pracArita humA thA / usI taraha, mahA - 12 Cambridge Histry of India VoII Page 164. 65 aura Epigraphia Carnation vol. I. paura Early History India. Page 154. 13 I. B. O. R. 8. Vol XVI Parts I-II and Kara. kanduacharya's (Karanja Series) Introduction.

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lanA vaMza se mAyUsa hotA hai ki izvI pU. 15vIM sadI meM na siMbala meM prasArita huA thaa| isa taraha pUrva uttara bhaura dakSiNa meM Adi meM zrutavalI jainadharma pahu~cA thaa| rAmasvAmI prAyAgaura mahodaya ne bhI prazna uThAyA hai ki uttara bhArata kA eka dharma dakSiNa bhAratako dinA sparza kiye hue siMhala pahu~ca sakA,yaha kaise saMbhava humA' 1. kevala yaha tabhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai jabaki yaha saMbhava ho ki unarase bauvadharma samudrake mArga se dakSiNako gayA thaa| isake atirikta yaha bhI socanA cAhiye ki eka jaina AcArya apane .vizAla jaina saMghake bhaneka sAdhuoM ko apane adhIna dakSiNa meM le gaye to yaha kaise saMbhava hai ki bhadrabAhu ke pahale vahA~ jaitadharma kA koI prabhAva nahIM, isapara bhalA kaise vizvAsa kiyA jAya ? jaina pustako, me likhA hai ki sabase pahale RSabha ne jainadharma ko dakSiNa bhAratame pracArita kiyA thA unake putra bAhubalI dakSiNa bhArata ke prathama rAjA the / ve sasAra ko tyAga kara nagna jaina sAdhu bane the / godAvarI ke kinAre para avasthita podanApurame unhoMne kaThina tapasyA kI thI aura sarvadarza bane the| taba bAhuvalI jI ne, dakSiNa bhAratameM jainadharmakA pracAra kiyA thaa| isase mAlUma par3atA hai ki janadharma dakSiNa bhAratama prati prAcInakAla se praviSTa huA thaa| isake atirikta sAhitya aura staMbha mAdi pramANo se jainadharmakA yaha etihAsikatva pramANita ho rahA hai| ___ jaina mAhityameM bhadrabAhuke bahuta pahale dakSiNa mathurA, podana pura, palAsapura dila malayagiri ke pAsa), mahAzoka tAra * mAdi sthAno kIlimA kahI bAsI hai| dakSiNA mAga,pAMDava mAzyoM dvArA sthApita huI thii| usa samaya ke vanavAsa meM bakSiNa nitisastet ,.. - 14 Studies in South India Jainism Part'."P:33.

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mAtrA hai| ve sazaphala apane putroM ko rAjya lavana kriyA thA / 30 saMbhUta aura cakravartI rAjA me anta meM bhAra arpaNa karake unhoMne pativratakA bhava 2 isa dRSTile vicAra karane para jaina mora bauddhadharma maMzavizeSa tathA kSetra vizeSa meM vedavidhiyoMkA sar3ana karane para bhI donoM vaidika dharma saskAra paramparAse ekadUsare se prabhAvita hue mAne jAsakate haiN| pratyakSa rUpase prAsaMgika na hone para bhI isa aitihAsika accheka ko yahA~ sUcita karanekA pradhAna kAraNa hai jainadharma kI mUla prakRti mora aitihAsika kAlakA nirUpaNa / usake bAda dharmakI jhAlocanA adhikaprAjala ho jAyegI / itihAsa kI paTTabhUmise samrATa candragupta ke rAjatva me kaliMga kI rAjazakti hameM spaSTa dikhAI detI hai / hama samajhate haiM ki kaliMgake rAjA usa samayamI jainadharmAbalabI the / cadraguptakA kaliMgakA prAkramaNa binA kiye hI dAkSiNasya bhUbhAga meM praviSTa ho jAnekA kAraNa yaha samadharmasva ho hai / 1 kaliMgavAsI prAramase hI svAdhInavRtti ke poSaka aura balavAna the| itane zaktizAlI aura svAdhIna hone ke kAraNa hI kaliMgakI senA svAdhInatA aura svAdezikatA ke liye prANa dekara prazokake sAtha lar3I thI / yadyapi ina yuddho meM kaliMga dezakI svAdhInatA calI gaI aura caMDAzokale 'devAnAM priya' banakara vizvajanIna maitrIkA pracAra kiyA thaa| usase udbhAsita hone para bhI kaliMga ke loga apanI dharmadIkSAko bhUla nahI sake the / khAravela ke digvijayase usakA pramANa milatA hai| khAravela 20 bhAgavata 1 skandha, hayA 6 1 skandha 7 1 skandha adhyAya 4 7 skandha adhyAya 11 21-R.E VIII. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol I by Hultsch

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uttara bhAratako jotakara jinamUrtiko pATalIputra se kaliMga le Aye the| 22 khAravelake yugase hI hamAre mAlocya viSaya kA ThIka prArambha huA hai aisA mAna lenA ucita hogaa| yaha hai I0pU01vI sado ko bAta / azokake bAda kaliMga phira svAdhIna banakara khAravela ke samaya samagra bhAratame eka zaktizAlI sAmrAjyame pariNata humA thA / vAravela jainadharmakI mahimA kA pracAra karane me laga gaye the| jainadharmakA yaha naba yaryApa uDIsA meM lagabhaga IsvI 5 vI sadI taka rahA thA jabaki jaina aura bauddha tAntrikabAda kA pravartana ho cukA thaa| yaha prabhAva lagabhaga IsvI 10 vI sadI ke anta taka avyahata rahA / magara antame vaiSNava dharma ke srota se lupta ho gayA / - 22 Select Inscriptions-D. C. Sarkar.

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3. kaliMga meM Adi jainadharma jainadharmameM jo 24 tIrthakaroM kI upAsanA kI vidhi hai una meM se kitane aitihAsika mahApuruSa aura kitane kAlpanika mahA puruSa the usako yukti yukta samIkSA abhI taka nahIM ho skii| dharma ke srota meM DagamagAne se vaijJAnika dRSTi ke anusAra usa kI upayukta mImAMsA ho nahIM sktii| aitihAsika jaikobI paura anya paNDitoM ne jaina zAstroM kI AlocanA se siddhAnta nirdhArita kiyA hai ki pArzvanAtha se jainadharmakA prAraMbha hupaa| aitihAsika bhitti ke mAdhAra para pArzvanAtha hI jainadharmake prathama pravartaka ke rUpameM mAne jAne cAhiye ; paraMtu sAtha hI jaikobIne yaha bhI mAnA ki jainoko 24 tIrthaGkaroM kI mAnyatA meM tathya honA cAhiye prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI aitihAsikatA bhI sthyapUrNa ho sakatI hai| bhaSpArzvanAtha ko jainadharmakA pravartaka mAnane meM kivadanvI aura itihAsa donoM sahAyaka hote hai| bha0 pAzvanAtha jainadharmake mAdi pravattaMka hoM yA na ho, isame sadeha nahI hai ki unhoMne sabase pahale kaliMgameM jainadharmakA pracAra kiyA thaa| bha0 pArzvanAtha ke nAmake sAtha kaliMgakI - 11. A. II Page 261 and Vix Page 112 isa prasaMba, me sara pAsutoSa mukhArSi Silver Jubilee YONIEL Page 7482 dekhiye| 20. H. B.J. Vol. vi. Page 79.

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prAcIna saMskRti kA ghaniSTha saMparka rahA hai / udayagiri aura khaDagiri kI guphApo meM bha0 mahAvIra kI bhUtti maura kathAvastu ne anya tIrthaMkaro se adhika viziSTa sthAnakA adhikAra kiyA hai| kiMtu khaMDagirime ThoraThaura para bha0 pArzvanAthako hI mUla nAyaka ke rUpameM sammAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai| nissadeha kaliMga ke sAtha ma0pAnAthakA jo saMparka hai usakA digdarzana pUrva adhyAya meM sucita, humA hai| prAcya vidyA-mahArNava zrI nagendranAtha vasu ne "jaina bhagabatI sUtrajana kSetra samAsaH' mora bhAvadeva ke dvArA likhI gayI "24 vIrghako kI jIvanI"kI mAlocanAse sabase pahale kahA hai ki bha0 pArzvanAthane aMga vaMga mora kaliMga me jainadharmakA pracAra kiyA thaa| parma pracAra ke liye unhone tAmraliya bandaragAha se kaliMgake mUbhimukha pAte samaya kopakaTaka meM patya nAmaka eka gRhasthakA prAtithya grahaNa kiyA thaa| basu mahodaya ke matake anusAra yaha kopakaTaka balezvara jilAkA kumArI grAma hai| moma tAmraphalaka se mAlUma hotA hai ki 8vI sadIme yaha chupArIgrAma kopAraka prAmaka rUpame paricita thaa|' ma. pAnAMpa gRhaspa dhanyake gharameM matithi hue isa ghaTanAko smaraNIya karane ke liye kopakaTaka ko uparAnta dhanyakaTaka kahA jAne lagA thA / basu mahodayane isa viSaya meM praSika prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai ki usa samaya mayUrabhaja me kusumba nAmaka eka kSatriya jAtikA rAjatva thA aura baha rAjavaza ma0 pAzvanAma ke pracArita dharmase anuprANita humA vA / yaha viSaya basu mahodaya ko kahAM se milA hameM mAlUma nahIM hai| ma. pAzrvanAtha ke bAda bha. mahAvIra jainadharma ke prantima tIkarake spAvita hue the| jainiyoM ke "Avazyaka sUtra" meM likhA humA hai ki ma. mahAvIra ne toSala meM apane 3 Neil Pur Copper Plate

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khAravela ke hAthIguphA zilAlekha kApithuDa hai|' khAravela ke hAthIMguphA zilAlekha meM yaha bhI likhA gayA hai ki khAravela se bahuta pahale kaliMgake rAjamoke dvArA adhyusiMta pithuDa nAmaka eka jainakSetra thaa| __isa mAlocanAse spaSTa sUcita hotA hai ki bha0 pArzvanAtha ke samaya kaligameM jainadharmakA prabhAva par3A thA aura bha0 mahAvIra ke samaya arthAt I0pU06vI sadIme isa dharmake dvArA kaliMga vizeSa rUpase anuprANita huA thA / I0pU04 thI sadI me mahApadma nanda ne kaliMga para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| vaha kaliMga vijaya ke pratIka rUpa bahukAla se jAtIya devatA ke rUpame pUjita hone vAlI kaliMga jina pratimA ko apanI rAjadhAnI rAjagaha ko le prAyeM the| yaha viSaya na kevala purANo meM dikhAI detA balki khAravela ke hAthIguphA zilAlekha me bhI isakA spaSTa ullekha hai / isa liye IsvI pU0 4 thI sadImeM bhI kaliMgame jaina dharma rASTrIya dharma ke rUpame pratiSThina thA aisA ni sadeha kahA jA sakatA hai| IsvI pU0 3rI sadI me kaliMga ke Upara eka akathanIya vipat prAyI / magadha ke samrATa azoka ne kaliMga ke khilApha yuddha kI ghoSaNA kI aura kaliMga ko chAra khAra kara DAlA / ____ isa yuddha meM kaoNlaMga ke eka lAkha mAdamI mAre gaye, DeDhalAkha vandI hue aura vahRta loga yuddhottara durvipAka meM prANo se hAtha dho baitthe| merA dRDha vizvAsa hai ki kaliMga ke jisa rAjA ne azokakai sAtha yuddha calAyA thA vaha eka jaina rAjA thaa| azoka ne apane 13vIM anuzAsaname gaMbhIra anuzocanA ke sAtha svIkAra kiyA hai ki kaliga yuddha meM brAhmaNa tathA zramaNa ubhaya saMpradAya ke logo ne dukha mogA thA / azoka ne jinako zramaNa kahAM haiM 7- I. A. 1958 Page 145 am

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vai niHsaMdeha jaina the kaliMgake bhAgyaviparyayameM azoka mAMsU girA kara rote the sahI, magara nandarAjAke dvArA apahRta kAliMga jina pratimAko unhoMne bhI nahIM lauTAyA thA / unake bAda jaba khAravela kaliMgake siMhAsana para baiThe taba unhoMne apane rAjatvakI 17 vIM sAlameM magadhake khilApha abhiyAna kiyA aura usa kAliMga jina pratimA ko kaliMga lauTA kara lAye / prazokake bAda unake nAtI magadhake rAjA hue the / prazoka pahale jaise bauddhadhamaM kA pRSThapoSaka thA, ThIka usI taraha saprati jainadharmakA puSThapoSaka rahe / unake rAjatvameM kaliMga meM jainadharmakA prabhyutthAna honA sabhava thaa| kaliMgameM mauryavaMzake bAda svAdhIna cedivazakA abhyudaya huA / isa vazake rAjatvakAla meM kaliMga meM jainadharma punarvAra jAtIya dharmake rUpameM pratiSThita huSA / khAravela isa vaMzake tIsare rAjA the| unake kAryakalApa aura jainadharma ke prati dAnake bAremeM paravartI paricchedomeM vistRta AlocanA kI gaI hai| kaliMga meM "Adidharma jainadharma" kI varNanA karate hue bha0 pArzvanAtha ke janma se lekara khAravela taka dhAravAhika rUpameM eka sakSipta prAlocanA dI gayI hai / isa alocanA ke paryAya azokake samasAmayika kaliMgake jaina rAjA ko tathA mauryotara yugake rAjA khAravela kI sUcAnA dI gayI hai| kaliMga meM jainadharmakI prAcInatAkA pratipAdana karane meM mauryayuga se bahu pUrvavartI kaliMga ke eka rAjAkA viSaya yahAM upasthApita karanA prAsaMgika praura vidheya mAnatA hU~ / de kaligake rAjA karakaNDa bha0 mahAvIra se pahale dhaura bha0 pArzvanAtha ke bAda ve kaliMga ke rAjAthe, yaha sunizcita hai / koI koI unako pArzvanAtha ke ziSya mAnate haiN|" 8 Indian Culure Vol IV 319 ff. - ---

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jaina "uttarAdhyayana sUtra" 18 vAM madhyAya meM karakaNDe Ai Bo ke bAre meM jo likhA hai, usase mAlUma par3atA hai ki jaba dvimukha pacAla ke, nemi videha ke aura nagnajita gAMdhAra ke grAsaka the taba kUrakaDu kalipake rAjA the / ivaM cAra rAjAoM ko uttarAdhyayana sUtroM ke lekhaka ne puruSa pugava kI AkhyA dI hai|" una rAjAo ne apane apane putro ke hAtho rAjyavAra ko make amake rUpame jinapanthakA avalambana kiyA thA, bauddhoMne rAjA karakaMDa ko eka pratyakSa buddha kaMhA hai maura buddhise pahale jina mahApuruSoM kA janma huA thA unameM se karakaMDa viziSTa sthAna diyA hai / " ' "kabhUkAra jAtaka" se mAlUma par3atA hai, ki daMDapUra karakaMDa kI rAjadhAnI thI / rAjAne apane manucaro ke sAtha dUDapura kI eka mravATikAme praveza kara eka phalapUrNa vRkSase pakA huA zrAma lekara bhakSaNa kiyA / yaha dekha saba hI ne Ama toDa ke khAye, jisase vaha per3a dhvasta vidhvasta ho gayA / 4 * rAjA karakaDU bar3e bhAvuka the / valavAn vRkSakoM usadazA ko dekha ve gabhIra cintAmeM magna huye aura anta me unhoMne nizcita kiyA ki sasAra kI ghanasapatti du khokA kAraNa hai| isa bhAvanA se ve sasAra tyAgI bane aura unako pratyeka buddhako khyAti milii| karakaDu ke bAre meM yaha hai eka bauddha upAkhyAna / jainiyo ne "karaka cariya" nAmaka eka pustaka kA praNayana kiyA hai / "abhidhAna rAjendra " meM bhI karakaDa ke bAremeM vistRta varNanA hai, janaprampa se upalabdha upAkhyAna kI vistRta varNanA mAMge dI gayI hai| kara upAkhyAna pUrva kAlameM caMpaka, (campA) nagarI meM dadhivAhana nAmaka eka rAjA the| ceTuka mahArAjA kI kanyA hai- uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 18 vA adhyAya, zloka 45-46 10- Fousball's Jataka No 3 P. 376. - --

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padmAvatI unako rAnI thii| rAnI ne apane prathama garbhake samaya eka adbhuta prakArako abhilASA ko vyakta kiyA thaa| unhone ke kAraNa ve rAjAke sAmane isa bAtako prakAzita nahI dara skii| isa dohaleko cintAsa ve kramaza durbala hone lagI / rAjAne unase bahuvAra anunayake sAtha unakI abhilASAkai bAremeM pUchI thaa| anta meM bar3e kaSTase padmAvatI ne apanA gobhilASa vyakta kiyA thA / cikitsA zAstrake pranusAra garbhavatI strIko sakala prakAra icchAoM kI pUrti honI caahiye| aMtaH rAjA dadhivAhanane rAnI ko icchAmeM sammati do evaM rAnIko apane hAthoM para baiThAkara svaya hI pIche chatrottolane karake banake prati agrasara hue / gajA aura rAnIke vanameM praveza hote hI bAriza huii| dIrgha grISma ke bAda pahalI varSA kI pArdratA ke kAraNa miTTI se eka prakAra kA sugaMdha nikalA aura malaya pavana ke sAtha bana ko cAroM ora se nAnA prakAra ke phUloM kI mahaka charTa maaNgii| vismata mAtabhAmi ke prazAnta dRzya ne hAthoM ke mana meM kAra kI maSTi kI varSA ke prArama meM miTTI kA gaMdha mAghrANa kA hA~dhI unmatta hote hai| proDA kA smaraNa karate ho usa hAthI ke gaNDasthala se mada jala pravita huA / mora vaha niviI paraNya aura gAnoM kA uddhAra karane meM koI bhI sainika sakSama nahIM huii| rAjA ne prANarakSA ke anya upAya na desa sAmane hue . usakA gatirAdhaka eka da E hai . kiTAta rAjAne kaDakapana rakSAko kintagabhavata

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ke liye samyAsinI ne kahA " saMsAra sukha yathArtha sukha nahIM hai. ve kevala sukhAbhAsa mAtra haiM / prata pratyeka sAsArika kleza se nistAra pAne ke liye tyAgavata ke prabalabana se prAdhyAtmika cintavana karanA hI zreyaSkara hai / sAdhvI ke sadupadeza se vairAgya prAptakara padmAvatIne unase dIkSA lI thI / vratavighna ke bhayase unhoMne apane garbha ke bAremeM kucha prakAza nahI kiyA thaa| eka mahIne ke bAda garbhavRddhi hone se jaMna sanyAsinI ne usake bAremeM prazna kiyA / padmAvatI ne "merA yaha garma pahale se hI rahA hai, kintu vratavighna ke bhayase maiMne use prakAzita nahI kiyA thA / " lokApavAda ke mayase unhone padmAvatIko ekAnta sthAna meM rakhavA diyA / ThIka samaya para eka putra paidA huaa| rAnIne zizuko ratnakabala se prAcchAdita karake pitA ke mudrAkita nAma ke sAtha zmazAnameM tyAga diyA / smazAna kA mAlika janasagama ( caMDAla ) ne zizuko usI avasthA meM dekha usako lekara apatya zUnyA apanI patnI ko samarpita kiyA / saba jAnakarabhI padmAvatI ne jaina sanyAsinI ko pAzamRta putra jAta hone kA sambAda preraNa kiyA thA / alaukika tejasvI dattApakarNika ( nAmaka vaha bAlaka ) janasaMgama ke ghara meM baDhane lagA / jananIprANa ke Avega se padmAvatI pratyaha palakSya meM rahakara bAlaka kI gatividhiyoM ko lakSya karatI aura kabhI kabhI caMDAlinI ke sAtha madhura mAlApa vyasta rahatI / dattApakaNika kramaza: mahA-teja se zobhane lagA / pratyaha vaha paDosI bAlakoM ke sAtha khelatA rhaa| garbhadhAraNa ke dina se lekara zAkAdi bhojana ke kAraNa usa bAlaka ko kaMDu balatA nAmaka doSa thA / apanI ceSTAse tathA sAhAyyakArI krIDAsaMgiyoM ke dvArA zarIra kA kaMDu dUra karavAne ke kAraNa

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loga usako "karakar3a' ke nAma se pukArate the / putra ke mukha avalokana karane ko bAdhA se padmAvatI pratyaha caDAla ke ghara jAtI pora prapane putra dattApakarSika yA karakaMDu ko bhikSAlandha miSTAnnAdi pradAna karatI / khaH barasa kI umra meM pitA ke prAdeza se karakaDu zmazAna ke kAryoM meM niyukta rhaa| eka dina jaba bahu zmazAna kI rakSA meM niyukta thA taba usako eka sAdhu kA darzana milA / sAMdhune usa zmazAna meM uge huye zubhalakSaNayukta eka bAsa ko dikhAkara kahA "mUla se cAra pragula ke parimANa se jo isa brAsa ko le kara apane pAsa rakhegA usako jarUra rAjya milegA / " karakaDune vaha bAsakA Tukar3A apane pAsa rakkhA, zrIra niyatakAla meM unako datipura kA rAjya prApta huSA / antame vaha apane pitRrAjya campAke bhI adhikAra huye the / unhoMne kaliMga eva dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharmakI prabhAvanA ko thii| isa prAkhyAna se kaligameM jainadharmakI prAcInatA kA bodha hotA hai / -25

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4. khAravela aura unakA kAlanirNaya khAravela utkala tathA bhAratIya itihAsa kI eka avismaraNIya vibhUti haiM / unake jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAe~ "hAthI guMphA" ke zilAlekho meM prazasta rUpase lipivaddha pAyI jAtI haiM / parantu unakA 'kAlanirNaya" to bhAratIya itihAsakAroM ke lie eka kaThinAIkA viSaya aura pradhAna samAlocanA kI vastu bana gayA hai / bhAratIya itihAsa meM yaha "kAlanirNaya " taraha taraha ke vibhramo kI sRSTi karatA hai / isalie isa samasyAke samAdhana ke lie sAhitya athavA kimbadatiyoM se macche acche viSaya saMgraha karanA hamArI ghRSTatA nahIM samajhI jAnA cAhiye kyoki sAvadhAnatAke sAtha sAhitya tathA kimbadantiyoM yA lokakathAna se zrAvazyakIya viSaya vastu grahaNa kI jAsakatI hai| nissadeha bahuta dinose "khAravela kA samaya nirdhAraNa" itihAsakAroM ke lie eka vivAdagrasta viSaya banA huA hai / kiMtu isa prasaMga meM dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki uDIsAke purIjile ke kumAragiri ( pahAr3a ) kI zilAlipiyoM se hameM khAravelakA pramANika paricaya milAtA hai| una zilAlipiyoM meM kramazaH unake 11varSo taka zAsana karane kI itivRti makkita hai / usameM unako adhipati eva unakI rAnIko "agramahiSI" ke rUpase abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isa gramahiSI dvArA nirmita 'svargapurI' nAmako guphAvAle lekhameM khAravela ko 'cakravartI' ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai / para khAravela ke pUrva puruSoMke bAremeM -11

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hameM kahI se kucha bhI vRttAnta prApta nahI hotA hai / na unake vaMza kA paricaya, na pitA mAtAke nAmakA kahI para ullekha hai / isI ke kAraNa unakA kAla-nirNaya eka samasyA bana gayA hai| zilAlipiyo meM aisI koI dinAka nahIM hai, ki jisase kAlanirNaya kiyA jAsake / ataH hameM haThAt zilAlipiyo me varNita kathAmro kI UhApohAtmaka carcA karanI paDatI hai / purAne aitihAsiko meM svargIya pa0 bhagavAnalAla indrajIne pahale sthira kiyA thA ki khAravela ke zAsana kAlake terahave varSa hAthIguphA ke zilAlekha khodita hue the| hAthI guphA ke lekha maeN maurya kAla kA ullekha hai / isa mata ke AdhAra se vaha khAravela zAsana ke ina 13 varSoM ko ve mauryo ke 165 varSase mAnate the / arthAt vaha kAla IsA pU0 60 avazya hogA, kyoki sva0 indra jI I0 pUrva 255 ko prazoka ke kaliMga viSaya kA samaya mAnakara use maurya kAla kI pahalI varSa mAnate the / gaNanAke phala svarUpa khAravelakA siMhAsanArohaNa kA samaya I0 pU0103 ( I0 pU0 255 - 165+13 I0 pU0 103 ) hotA hai, esA unakA vizvAsa thA / 4 parantu DaoN0 phliTne prophesara lujArasa ke matakA manusandhAna kara maurya kAla ke bAre me viruddha mata sthApana kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki hAthIguphA ke zilAlekho me prathavA bhArata ke itihAsame maurya kAlake bArema koI satya bAta jJAta nahI hotii| zilAlekhakI chaTavI paktime likhita "tivasa sat" ko ve 103 varSa mAnakara eva zeSa nandarAjA ke rAjatva kAla 1 Proceedings of the International Congress of Orientalists, Leyden. 1889 2 Ibid 3 J. R. A. S.,1910, 242, ff. 824 ff. 4 Ep. Indica, vol. X. App. 1980-1, No. 1845 -1 -

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(ki sArvesa samayako I0 pU dUsarI zatIke mA kA mAnanA samucita nahIM hai, DaoN0 hemacandra jI caudharI ** DaoN0 dinezacandra sarakAra " DaoN0 vasthI de narendranAtha ghoSa" prAdine I0pU0 pahalI zatIke zeSArddhako ho khAlakA prakRta samaya mAnA hai| NAW 1 hAthI guphA zilAlekhoM se hameM kucha zAsakoM ke nAma prApta hote haiM / unakA samaya nirNita ho jAeM to kucha hada taka yaha " samasyAbhI hala ho jAvegI / ataH yahIM para kucha samasAmayika arrant kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA I Ab apane rAjatvakAla ke dUsare ho barSameM khAravela ne rAjA karNakA koI bhaya na mAnakara pazcima dizAko ghora sainyadala bhejA thA / yaha sAtakarNa avazya hI bAndhra sAtavAhana vazake rAjA hoge / nAnA'ghATaM zilAlekhase hameM jJAta hotA hai ki ve aretters svAmI the ! * 1 1. DA0 rAyacaudharIke matase tathA anya paurANika varNanoM dvArA jJAta hotA hai ki suga rAjAoMne candragupta mauryake sihAsanArohaNa ke 137 varSake bAda 112 varSa taka rAjatva kiyA thA aura sagavaza ke antima rAjA devabhUtikI hatyAkara unake amAtya vAsudevane kANvAyana vaMzakI sthApanA karake magadha para afakAra kiyA thA / phira 45 varSa ke bAda kANvAyana vaMza ke antima rAjA suzarmaNako simUkane rAjagaddI se haTAyA thA / simukase mAndhra sAtavAhana vaMzakA prAraMbha huA / ina paurANika kathAnoM ke adhyayanaseM DA0 rAyacaudharI ne nirdhArita kiyA hai 10. Ibid; 11. Age of Imperial Phity 215 ft + 12. Old Brahmi Insoriptions 1917, 253ff 13. Early History of India, 1948, 180-199. 14. Indian Antiquary, Vol. XLVII (1916) 403 ff -42

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ki pUra ( pU0324-11 - pU. w) siskAne mamaya madhikAra kara liyA thA ki ke aura 18 varSataka kRSNA bAbatva karane ke bAda hI sAvakramI nahIpara baiThe agara I.pU. 30 ko hama sikakA zeSa varSa bAne to sAtakarNakA siMhAsanArohaNa kAlakoI pU012 mAnanA par3egA (I0 30-18-I0 pUrva 12) agara yaha sahI ho to vaha bAravelake rApana kAlakA dUsarA varSa hai arthAt I.pUrva 14 sAmosa katibake samrATa bane the . . . . hata mitra-hAthIguphA zilAlekhase zAta hotA hai ki khAravela ne apane rAjatva kAlake . 12 varSa meM magadhAdhipati bRhaspati mitrako yuddha meM parAsta kiyA thaa| "praga, pa rAjAnaM vRhaspati mita pAde dalApapati" hAthoguphAke atirikta anya pAMca zilAlekhoM meM hama vRhaspatikA nAma pAte hai:--- Frt (1) madhurA ke pAsa morA nAmaka gAMvameM zilAlekhapara vRhaspati jinakA nAma ullikhita hai / isa bRhaspati mina kI kanyAkA nAma thA shmitaa| 12) isAhAbAdake pAsa pAphosA zilAlipike lekha para kisa vRhaspati mitrakA patA milatA hai, unake mAmA mAmAda hena / (3) kausAmbI se prApta mudrAmoke prAdhArase kamase kama se bRhaspati mitroMkA rahanA hama anumAna karate hai| 15. Age of Imperial Unity, P. 185.8 16. O.H.R.I, Vol III No.2BRO. . 17. Hathiguladharinsornptioneithela 18. Vogel.J.R.A.S. 1912 PartialP.420. 19. Ep. Indion Vol II P.241. 20. C.C.A.L. London-P.XOWI (Kosambi Coin):

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pAyavAsimiyA Nam-MrDyuniya gAya mahatAlimakact . . . ti may maMgavI pratiSThAtA puSyamiva suMga ko sAravela kA samaya sAmayika mAnakara DaoN0 jAyasvAlane vArasasihAsanArAhA samaya nyUja para nizcita kiyA hai ki sumako muphA ke dehaspati mitra mANita karane kI sabasampara vaha pUrNativAbhAvAritAha ! T3 T. AFTE72 FE kamobelaDA~yAyasavAla aura repasan' ne bhara prakAza kiyA thA ki mopA bhopAlosA zilAnazAniya soyaharamalimitroM ke nAmoMkAullekha kiyA gayA eka tathA mila hai kyoMki una zilAlekhoM ko prApta sthAnI vaMzakA prakhaDa rAjatva thaa| ! Fup PF " parantu ise . prAmAnane grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai| unhoMne dekhA ki malesa zilAlekhApApAtA zilAlekhoM se samasyAhI atyanta prAcIna haiN| prata dono bRhaspati mitrome pAhA ...J.B.D.R.SIL.96, III-489TRArrB.Mr Baran 0. B. 1.P.24t Artor itish sits 12. P. H. ASTRgs 401 alsdy . 23. J. B.ORBELITPige 236-245 24. J.R..S. 18P:11206 35. Cambridge History of India Wat i P.834-26 26TIBIOTRS.intory. 100

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pAmA Homponed the threnTouryalmshaaye of NandrajstonavArya jo pAliyara samAnekazilakula badala bikAuna sabameM tiba kAma 103varSa pahale pahala DAyanAsora garI divasakA barSa 30. varSa samAyA babAdakose asvIkAra karake so juDA kemikako sAmane Aye 6 . . DA0 jAyasavAlane socA thA ki mAlavasanIkI taki Ihinda" meM varNita nanda samvatsArake manusAra hI hAkIguphA milAsezakA "tiksasata" likhA gayA hai| pAjiTaramI gAnAke anusAra prathamanandane I0 pU0 4.2 meM siMhAsanArohana kiyA thaa| agara pahI ho to mAnanA par3egA ki I.pU. 29-(I.pU.402103 tibsasatta-266)meM hI nandarAjAke dvArA kaliyameM nirmita kenAna vA naharako punaH nirmita kiyA gayA thA para yaha asambhava sApAna par3atA hai| kyoMki isake pU. 322 se lekara I0pU0 189 bhAratapara moryokA-prakhaDa salala cala rahA thaa| pro. rAkhAladAsa marjI kI bhI prAnta : bArAko ki nandavaMzake prabamarAbA ne sAravela ke gaddIpara baiThaneke 10 se pahale hI (103+5) kaliMgameM kenAla kA nirmANa kiyA thA . unake matameM nanda-sambatsara I0pU0 458 se prArambha humAyA . abhI laharakA nirmANa kArya I.pU. 24 meM: (158-103) saMpUrNa huyA thaa| parantu pAlyApaka banI 103varSako nandarAbA 35. International Oriental Congress Proceedings Leyden 1884. 36. Ep. Ind. Vol.XApp.No 1345 page 161 / 37 J. B.03; R. S. IIL1911-425ff 38. Ep. Ind.XX 77 ff 39. J. B.O.RS.XIII 238, ', - - -- - -

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tyAlA ekasamayAvyAvasAmAnate haiM | kulkasha to mI bitAtApramapUrNa mAlUma paDatI haina ma sambata kAra meM koI pramANa vinA pADAjAyasavAlamA banarjI ke matoM ko ahaNakaranA samucita nahIM bana paDatA hai| prataeka tivasamata ko ke meM ahama karanA dhArSika prAmANika paurANika kimbadatiyoM se bhI sAravela samasAmayika remA sAtakarNI kA nandarAja ke varSoM ke bAda hI rAjasva karane kI bAta jJAta hotI hai| hamApI kA 237 barSa + sumI 112+kAyoM kA 21 varSa saMpramANa se nandavakA patanake 64 varSa bAda hI sAtavAhana rzakA prArambha honA sUcita hotA hai / DAkarAyacIvarI isase pUre hamata hai| phira agara tivasata"ko 10 varSa mAnasa jAe to nandasalA ke 64 varSa ke bAda hI sAravalane siMhAsanArohaNa kiyA thA! yaha svIkAra karanA paDegA. 3-598) aisI 'gaNanA se phira dUsare DhaMga ke vicAra kI dRSTi hogii| kyoMki nandavaMzake kisI bhI varSa se tivasasatA ko varSa, mAMvakara 'parigaNanA karane para ko samaya nikalegA usase kaliMga manake prAcIna-pAyahIM pramANita hogA, lokAzilAlekhoniyaha pramANita hogA ki usa samaya nepAlihavAra somapAkara mayoM kA zAsana cala rahA thA aura kaligameM kisI cakravartIkA prabhyudaya nahIM huA thApata tivasaMsata ko 3.0,mAnanA caahie| 40 Age orimperist tity-Chapter on the Sate. vahanas by Dr.D.Sirosr. 41 P.H A. I 229 ff int 42 0. H. R.J. Vol IIIne: 2page 92 .

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vIkAra-sinA banAnA kA kabhI ulkala se saMparka vA yaha ho jAtA hI hotA hai| HIRD apaneko vibhUSita karakecAheM niyavinayI ke rUpameM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai mahAmanA) rAjAkAhAbalakAla-sA hI isake pUrva-24 ke pahale azA 32 ka-pUrA ho cukya-sakAyoko mAlUma hai ki isI varSa avagupta maursane siMhAsana mAsehata kiyA apanA karane para kI hama samavelako IsA pahalI rAtI ke tarAI meM mAnisake ekamAtra sasake apameM dekhate haiN| aura kAvyA yA bAbI sondarya prasTa ke janarAmA tArabAramelA ke ne kAle samasAmAna ko hI bisAta-pArsakA sAmamA pAekA prAmamanI timAnameM kasa-sivAna kI memA skio nAma paNimADIne kahA hai ki khAravela kI zilAlipi para azoka ko nabanAnA A3 Age of Imporial Unitych X 216 ff MAT.R.B.R.S.xfr25 SHRAT.TTEDivil paye ssc.in. Thai NN. Ehosh 114 ff

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usake mahanemivivi edy vastu svikA (Previcnally m pahale se mAna sakatA hai| zokane jisa ki isIlie ki usake pahale kisI mI usapara 'kiyA thA nandavaMzIya rAjatva-khasamma hote hote ne 'ApakI svatantra' kara diyA thA svAcIna kaliMga para I0 pU0 261 me prazoka ne caDhAI kI thii| para kailipara vijaya prApta karanA sahana sAdhya nahIM thA / zerahaveM pazilAlekha para prazIkane kalikyukA bhayAvaha tathA mamantika 'hai|" "taH pravazya unhoMne svAdhInatA priyA kaliMga pravAsiyo ko apane deza meM milAkara zAnti tathA kRpti pAyI hogI / avijita kaliMga para vijaya prApta karanekI uktimeM azokakA sAmrAjyavAdI graha vidyamAna hai / isakA pUrNa pramANa hama usake 'dvAdaza zilAlekha se prApta hotA hai / nandasamA ke dvArA kaliMga forfen hone kI bAtase azoka pUrNa bhAvase cita + rahate hue bhI kaliMgako 'ajeya' batAkara unhoMne apanI 'hamakA parAkrama tathA mAtmagaurava kA hI paricaya diyA hai| pataH DA0 pANigrAhI kA ise jyAdA mahatvAdeA ucita nahI huA hai / 'tivasasata ko 103 varSa pramANita karane ke lie prazoka kI nandarAjA ke samayameM grahaNa karanA sahI nahIM hai - 14 DaoN. dinezacandra sarakAra ne kahA hai ki saMbhavata hAthI zilApi prAcInatA kI dRSTise nAmAcoTa zilAlipi aura mavazya hI vesanagara kI zilAlipi ke bAda kI hai| isameM koI saMdeha, ramekI bAta nahI hai 14 ramAprasAdacandane bhI brAhmI 4 52 Corpus Inscriptionum Indioarum I 54 M. A. 8. I. No 1.1 -12

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kalila mAphi ligako paM za mohA ghA niksa mI rAS kI i mAnanA bhramAtmaka nahI hai / DaoN0 : sarakA kiyA hai ki nAnAghATa zilAlipi kA zilAlesa IsAkai pUrva prathama zatIke zeSArddha kA hai / 15 phargusana ra bargesa ne nAsika guphAdyoMko I0pU0 prathama zatAbdIke zeSArddhakA mAnA hai / sara jaoNna mArzasane bhI yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki " prAdhra sAta bAhana vaMzake dUsare bAjA kRSNa ke samaya nAsikakA eka kSudra vihAra caityake rUpameM punagaMThita huAA thA / panratyaha mata to kRSNa ne I0 pU0 pahalI zatI ke pratiMma bhAnumeM rAjasva kriyA thA / ataH unake uttarAdhikA... pANI sAmanikA ke oja DaoN0 caudharI nAnaghATa ke i ke bhatase pUrA kA mata praveSTA mAtra raha jAtI hai / asiela kabhI I0 pU0 dUsarI nahIM balki pahalI zatAbdI ke antima bhAgake hI rahe / mahApadmananda vaMza ke pratiSThAtA ke rUpameM 'aikabATa' 'sarvakSatrA 55 Select Inscriptions, 56 Cave Temples of India by Messrs Fergusson and Burgess, 57 C. H. India Vol. I 636 ff.

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ntaka' upAdhivArI sa~grasenane asmaka, vitiho, kurupAMcAla Adi ' rAjyapara adhikAra sthApana karate samaya kaliMga para vijJAptaH kI thI / unakI sainyavAhinI kI raNa dudubhi ne samasta mA varSa mArtaka kI sRSTi kI thIM, nahIM to sarvakSetrAMtaka upAdhi unheM purANakAroM se na milI hotI / isalie to svIkAra karanA par3atA hai ki hAthoM guphA ke nandarAjA svayaM mahApadmamanda hai / mahApadmananda" se "tivasaMsata" ko 300 varSa mAnakara gaNanA karane para hama I. pU. prathama zatI meM upanIta hote hai / prataH yahI khAravela ko prakRta samaya hai / 1 -54

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Dra " I * 3m 5. khAravela kA zAsana aura sAmrAjya / AV --- - 14 jIvi khAravelake jIvana vRtAntakA ekamAtra prAcAra unakA suvayA humA hAthIguphAkA zilAlekha hai / usIke prAdhAra se jJAta hotA haiM ki khAravela eka mahAna tejasvI aura pratApI rAjA meM balavAna honeke sAtha vaha dekhane meM bahuta hI sundara the| zilAlekhameM unake zAsanakAlakI ghaTanAoMkA varNana milatA hai| unase patA calatA hai ki khAravela solaha varSa kI Ayu meM yuvarAja pada meM abhiSikta hue| usa samaya ve vidyA adhyayana samApta kara cuke the| solaha varSa kI umra meM unake zarIra kI gaThana itanI sundara lagatI yo ki usase bhaviSya meM unake vIra yoddhA hone kA paricaya milatA thA / isase patA calatA hai ki ve prAtmasayamI praura saccaritra the / cANakya ke arthazAstrAnusAra usa samaya ke rAjAo kI prAtmasayamI evaM saccaritra hotA cAhiye thA / ' khAravela 24 varSako dhAyumeM kaliMgake siMhAsana para suzobhita huaa| paura sirpha teraha varSa hI rAjasva kiyaa| isa alpa samaya meM kaliyake uttara aura dakSiNa meM jisane rAjya meM sabhoko usane 1 vidyA vinIta rAjA hI pravAn dinarata prayAga prathavina bhUmate svabhUtahitarata: K. A. 2 History of Orissa Dr.H. K. Mahatab and Early History of India, N. N. Ghosh. *

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kiyA ho aura isa taraha parAjita hokara sAtakirNa menakA mAdhivatya svIkAra kara liyA ho| sAtakarNI rAjA ko harAne ke pazcAt khAravela kI senA kaliMga na loTakara dakSiNa kRSNAnadIke taTapara base hue prazika nagara para jA pahucI' / purANa ke anusAra jAta hotA hai ki usa samaya kRSNA nadI taTa ke jo rAjA the, ve baDe hI parAkramI aura zUravIra the| phira bhI unakI zakti khAravela kA mukAbalA karane se hAra mAna gii| prazika rAjyavara prAdhipatya jamA khAravela senya sahita eka varSa taka vahI rahA taba soTA ! usake bAda khAravela tIsare varSa kahI bhI nahIM gyaa| haoNpI guphA zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki usa varSa usane apanI rAjadhAnI meM bahuta Ananda utsava manAye aura kahIM nahI gyaa| kintu caturtha varSa ke zurU hotI hI khAravela ne apanI senA sahita vidhyAcala kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| jisase sArA viSyAcala ninAdita ho uThA / arakaDapura meM jo vidyAdharoko vAsa ye una para adhikAra karake khAravela ne rathika aura bhojaka logoN| - para AkramaNa zurU kiyA / aura ina sabhI ko parAsta karako. apane prAdhIna kara liyA * / DaoN0 jAyasavAla ne 'hAthIguphA lekhake prAdhArase batAyA hai ki isI varSa khAravela meM vidyAdharoM . ke prAvAsa'(The Abode of Vidyadharas)kA bImA ddhAra karAyA thaa| apane rAjakke paJcama varSa meM khAravelane pAnI rAjadhAnI kI zobhA eva samRddhi bar3hAne ke liye tanasuliya-yA maharA 1- jAyasavAla aura prophesara rAkhAladAsa banarjI ne isa prazika nagarako.. __bhUlase muzika nagara paDhA mora usIko ve likhate rahe haiN| . .-' rathika rASTriya) aura bhojaka azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM una ullekha hai|'

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baDhAkara lAye, jise nandarAjA ne banavAyA thA / rAjatva ke chaTaveM varSameM vaha apanI prajA para sadaya huye the / isa varSa unhoMne paura maura jAnapada janasaMghoko vizeSa adhikAra pradAna kiye the / isa se spaSTa hai ki khArabela yadyapi eka sampUrNa svatvAdhikArI samrAT the, phira bhI unakI prajAko rAjakIya prabadhame samucita adhikAra prApta thA / usI varSa khAravelane dukhIjanoke dukhokA vimocana karane ke lie ullekhanIya prayAsa kiyA thaa| mahisA dharmakA prakAza unake jIvana meM honA svAbhAvika thA 1 apane rAjatva ke saptam varSa meM khAravela prapanI prAyuke ikatIsa varSa pUrNa kara cuke the / unake zilAlekha se dhvanita hotA hai ki usI varSa meM unakA vivAha dhUmadhAma se sampanna huA thA / unakI mahArAnI mor3IsA nikaTavartI pradeza vajrake rAjavaza kI rAjakumArI thiiN| pAThaveM varSa meM unhone magadha para prAkramaNa kiyA bhaura vaha sasainya goratha giri (vArAbara hilsa) taka pahuca gaye the / jaina 'mahApurANa' meM bharata cakravartI ke digvijaya prasaga meM bhI gorathasirikA ullekha milatA hai / samrAT bharata bhI vahA senA lekara pahuMce the / unake prabhAvase jisa prakAra mAgadhakumAra deva svataH zaraNameM prAyA, usI taraha khAravelakA zaurya bhI apanA prabhAva dikhA rahA thA / gorathagiri vijaya aura rAjagRha ke ghere kI zauryabArtA sunate hI yavanarAja demitriyasa ( Demetris) ke chakke chUTa gaye / khAravela ko mAyA dekhakara vaha apanA lAvalazkara lekara-mathurA chor3akara bhAga gyaa| kitanA mahAn parAkrama thA khAkhelakA / unakA dezaprema aura bhujavikrama nissadeha zradvitIya thaa| rAjadhAnIko lauTakara khAravelane apane rAjatvakAla ke hava varSameM mahAn utsava va dAnapuNya kiyA / unhone 'kalpatarU' banAkara sabhIko kimifcchaka dAna diyaa| ghor3e, hAthI, ratha Adi bhI yoddhAnoMko bheMTa kiye / brAhmaNo ko bhI dAna diyA / mora 1851

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prAcInadIke donoM taToM para "vijayaprasAda' banavAkara apanI digvijaya ko cirasthAyo banA diyaa| dasaveM varSa meM unhoMne apane sainyako puna. uttara bhAratakI mora bhejA thA evaM gyArahaveM varSa meM . unhone magadha para AkramaNa kiyA thA jisase magadhavAsiyoM meM mAtaGka chA gayA thA / yaha mAkramaNa eka taraha se azoka ke kaliga aAkramaNake pratizodha rUpameM thA / magadhanareza vRhaspatimitra khAravelake pairomeM natamastaka hue the| unhone aGga aura magadhakI mUlyavAna bheMTa lekara rAjadhAnI ko prayANa kiyA thaa| isa bheTameM kaligake rAjacinha aura kaliga jina (RSamadeva) kI prAcIna mUrti bhI thI, jisako nandarAja magadha legayA thaa| khAravela ne usa atizaya pUrNa mUrtiko kaliga vApasa lAkara baDe utsava se virAjamAna kiyA thaa| usa ghaTanAkI smRtime unhone vijaya staMbha bhI banavAyA thA aura khUba utsava manAyA thA, jisase unhone apanI prajAke hRdayako moha liyA thaa| isIvarSa khAravelake pratApako mAna mAnakara dakSiNake pANDayanarezane unakA satkAra kiyA aura hAthI prAdi ko mUlyamaya bheMTa unakI sevAme preSita kI thii| isaprakAra apane bArahavarSake rAjatvakAla meM vaha apane sAmrAjyakA vistAra kara lete hai aura uttara evaM dakSiNa bhArata ke baDe bar3e narezo ko parAsta karake apanA prAtaGka caturdikameM vyApta kara dete hai / nimsadeha vaha sArthaka rUpame kaligake cakravartI samrAT siddha ho jAte hai / kintu apane rAjatvakAlake 13 va varSa meM samraTa khAravela rAjaniAsAse virakta hokara dharmasAdhanA kI ora bhatra hai| kumArI parvata para jahA bha0 mahAvIrane dharmopadeza diyA thA, vaha jinamadira banavAte hai aura arhat niSadhikA kA uddhAra rate hai| eka zrAvakake prattokA pAlana karake zarIra aura zAke bhedako lakSya karake prAtmonnati karane meM laga jAte hai nako

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dhamArAdhanA kA vivaraNa prAgeke adhyAya meM likhA hai| hAthIguphA zilAlekha meM Thoka hI khAravela ko kSemarAja, vaya-rAja (rAjyavarddhana ), bhikSurAja pora dharmarAjake prazasanIya . virudoMse alakRta kiyA gayA hai| nissadeha unhoMne prajAkI kSemakuzalakA pUrA dhyAna rakkhA thaa| unhoMne aihika rAjyakA saMvardaina kiyA vahIM hI prAdhyAtmika rAjyakI bhI saMvRddhi kI ! vaha eka mAdarza aura mahAna samrAT the| TECE JILAW . . .. .

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upAsaka the| anyathA kaliMga praSita karane ke upalakSameM mahApapane samagra bAtike, dekhake sapA svaya apane iSTadevako sudUra pATalIputra nejAne kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA hotaa| yadi vaha jaina dharmAvalambI na hote to vaha vinamUtiko naSTa kara dete / parantu hASIguphA zilAlekhase yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki sArakhelake magaSapara adhikArakarane ke samaya sakaprati 3.. varSoMka dIrgha- . kAlameM uparokta mUrti pATalIputra meM surakSita rahI thii| nandarASAke kaliMga para adhikAra karaneke bAda bhI bainadharma utkalase pantahita nahIM humA bA paura nahIM hI utkalIyoMke dvArA prabahelita hupA thA / balki vibhinna rAjavazoMkI pRSTapoSakatAke kAraNa bha. mahAvIra vinendrakI zAntipUrNa mora maitrImaya vANI kaliMgake kone-kone meM pracArita huI thii| yaha eka tathya hai ki prazokake samayameM mora usake bAdameM mIniMga bainadharmakA pramukha kendrasvala thaa| 'ceti' rAjavaMkSake sAhacarya aura sahAnabhUtimaI saMrakSaNase isa dharmake saMprasAraNameM vizeSa sAhAyya milA thaa| baba utkala ke itihAsa meM mahAmeghavAhana kaliMgAdhipati khAravelakA mAvibhAva humA taba jainadharmako sipa pagragati pratirodha khar3A karanA sabhava hI na thaa| kharavela svayaM jainadharmake upAsaka aura pradhAna pRSThapoSaka the| hAthIguMphA zilAlipise yaha pramANita hotA hai ki nandarAja kaliMga viSayake bAda jisa kaliMga jinako yahA se legaye the, khAravela usI mUrtiko papane rAjatvakAlake dvAdazaveM varSa maga praura magadha para adhikAra karake kaliMgame vApasa lauTAkara lAye the| isa suavasara para zobhAyAtrA nikAlane kI taiyArI kI thii| khAravelakI virATa sainyavAhinI paura kaligake asaMkhya nAgarikone usa mahotsabameM yogadAna diyA thA aura kaliMga samrAjyake samrAT hI svayaM usake samarthaka evaM utsavako sundara rUpase sapanna karane ke liye

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manavAna humai the / saMgIta maura vAdrizoke dhvani samaroha kaliMga jinako punaH kaliMgameM sthApita kiyA gyaa| hAthIguphA zikSAlipise yaha spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki khAravela prora usake parivArake sabhI loga jainadharmAvalambI the / unako bhavati maura sneha kaliGga jinake sAtha protaprota hI thaa| kintu isa prasaMga meM yAda rakhane kI bAta yaha bhI hai ki jaina dharma kaliMga mAtrakA dharma na thA, balki I0 pU0 6TI zatAbdi se hI bhAratake prayetka prAtameM hindU, jaina aura bauddha dharmAvalambI milajula kara raha rahe the / utkala meM hindU, logo kI pItinIti kA prabhAva jainadharmake Upara paDA pratIta hotA hai kintu jainadharma kI prAdhyAtmika zrRMkhalA, kaThora niyama pAlana aura tIrthaMkaroMko mahanIyatA aura caritra viziSTatA prAdi vizeSa guNoMke dvArA utkalIya prajAjana anuprANita hue hI the / isame acaraja karane kA koI kAraNa nahI hai / yaha hamArA vyaktigata vaiziSTya aura dezagata prAcAra haiM / tIrthaMkaro ke virATa vyaktitva aura tyAgake sAmane kaliGgavAsiyo kA svataH praNata honA svAbhAvika hI thA / khAravela ke samaya meM khaDagiri aura udayagirimeM jaina sAdhuyoM ke liye saikaDoM guphAyeM nirmita huI thI / khAravela svaya jaina the isa kAraNa jaina sAdhupro ke prati unakI vyaktigata anurakti thI / hAthIguphA zilAlekhake prArabhame hI cakravartI samrAT khAravelane jainadharmake namaskAra mUlamatrako lakSya karake apanI bhakti prada zitakI hai| zilAlipi kI prathama paMvati meM likhA hai ki:'namo gharahatAna' 'namo savasidhAnaM' ' * 1. "Let the head bend low in obeisance to arhats, the Exalted Ones. Let the head bend low (also) in obeisance to all Siddhas, the perfect Saints." -63

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, na mAsumAra. pAca namaskAra matra uccAraNAkarane kI -sIkA samarthana paDita bhagavAnalAla : indrajI aura rAjendralAla *mitrajI bhI karate haiM jana samrATa sAravelane zAstrAnumodita sAdhake anusAra prazastike prAramame mahat aura siddha para meSThiyo ke prati apanI namra vinaya pradarzita kI hai / / . khAravelakI isa zilAlipimeM unake cinha bhI hai / usake donoM pAzvoM meM cAra saketa cinha hai / vAma pArzvame do aura dAhinI tarapha do saketa cinha hai| prathama saketa cinha zilAlipi kI 25vI paktike bAI ora hai| cauthA saketa cinha sAtavI pakti ke 'dAhine pArzvame hai| zilAlipikA prArabha aura samApti nirdeza ke liye ye dono sameta diye gaye haiN| dvitIya saMketa cinha prathama / saketa cinhake nimna bhAgame aura tRtIya saketa cinha prathama "aura dvitIya paktike dakSiNa pArcame hai / DA0 jAyasavAla kA kahanA thA ki, tRtIya saketa cinha ThIka khAravelake nAmake bAda hai, parantu yaha ThIka nhiiN| kintu prazna yaha hai ki Akhira ye saketa cinha haiM kyA ? janakalA pati ke matAnusAra iname prathama saketa cinhako jana / loga "barddhamagala" kahate hai| dvitIya saketa cinha 'svastika / hai / tRtIya saketa cinhakA nAma 'nadipada" hai| kAnheri nikaTastha * 'padaNa parvatakI eka zilAlipime usa sametako dipada" kahA gayA hai| hAthIguphAkA 4thA cinha 'ekhacetiya' yA vRkSacatya' . 2. namo arihantANam, namo siddhANama; namo pAyariyANam, namo uvajhAyAraNam; namo loe savva-sAhuNam / 3 Dr A. K Coomarswamy ne jise 'Powder. box' 4J. B. B. R.A.S.xv Page 320

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varSameM cAravelane jaina sanyAsiyoM ke liye kumArImiti para 117 . guphAyeM taiyAra karAI thI, aura sAtha sAtha dUsare prasibalAI ke sAdhu aura sanyAsiyoMke liye bI (sakala-samama-suvihilA) eka dUsarI guphA nirmANa kiyA thaa| phira bhI anyAnya muni RSi aura pramaNoM ke lie sabhI prabandha kiyA thaa| yaha bAta zilAlipimeM asti hai| (zata visAkam yadikam tApasa isikam leyena kaaryti)| yahAM yati, RSi aura sAdhunoM kA ullekha karane se hindunoM ke varNAzrama dharmagata vAnaprastha avasthA kI sUcanA anumAnita hotI hai| mazokakI zivAlipi mAdi meM brAhmaNa dharmake yogI RSimo se pRthaka pragaTa karane ke lie jaina, mAjIvaka aura baudoMkA zramaNa nAmase abhihita kiyA gayA hai / lekina khAravelane brAhmaNa sanyAsiyo ko yatI, RSi , aura tApasa nAmase abhihita kiyA hai| bauddha aura bhAjIvaka logoM ko hAthIguphA zilAlekhakI varNanAmeM sthAna nahI diyA gayA hai / para isakA kAraNa nirNaya karanA asaMbhava hai| zilAlekha kI solahavI paktimeM khAravelakI dharmanIti vizleSita huI hai| isa dharmanItiko vizada mAlocanAke lie zilAlekhakA prokta bhAga para vizeSa dhyAna denA prAvazyaka hai| ___ "merA bAsa vaSarAja bAsa hararAvAsa amarAvAsa basate sunate anubhakto kalAlANa guNavisesa kusalo sabapApADa pUmoko saba-vAyatama-saMkAra-kArako prapatihata bakavAhamabalo paparo guta cako pati ko rAjiSivasukula vinisito mahAdhivabo rANA sAravela siri|" (hAthIguMphA zilAlekha- 16 vI paMkti) samAlocanAke lie jisakA saskRta anuvAda nIce diyAgayA hai. *- jaina zramaNoM meM bhI yati, RSi paura sApo kA vargIkaraNa milatA hai|

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rAjaH sa barddharAjaH 'sa: 'indrarAjaH saH dharmarAja 'pazyana na supa vizeSa kuzala' sarva paka devAyatana saMskAra kAraka pratihata zAha valaH cakravarA prAya vasukula vinargato mahAvijayo svela zrIH / " isa uddhRta prakaraNa me khAravelako cauritraka mahanIyatAkA paricaya bhI diyA gayA hai / vaha kSamAzIla, dharma parivarddhana ke AdhAra aura indra ke samAna nyAyavizArada the / dhArmika niSThAMke ' kendra khAravaila AdhyAtmikatA vikAsake liye sadAhita zrIra kalyANa sAdhaname lipta the / unheM "sarva pASaDa pUjaka " ke nAmase prabhihita kiyA gayA hai| yahAM isa ullekhame prazoka ke dharmAnuzIlana vRtist chAyAso mAlUma hotI hai / azoka kI taraha khAravela bho sabahI dharmIko samAna dRSTise dekhate the| kevala itanA hI nahIM valki jaina hote hue bhI vaha anya dharmoke prati sammAna pradarzana karate the / zilAlipikA "sabaya devAyatana saMskAra kAraka" lekha isa matako puSTa karatA hai| isake sAtha hI apane rAjatvakAla meM nissaMdeha khAravela kaligako zrI vRddhi ke lie bhI khule hAthase dhana vyaya karate the / yaha viSaya zilAlipise pAyA jAtA hai| sirpha jaino ke lie zrAtmaniyoga nahI karate the, velki sAmrAjya kI sabhI prajAo ke sukha sAvana ke ''lie kAma karate the| sAmAjika AcAra-vicAra meM koI kar3I 'nIti nahI thI / " durbhAgyase samaya kI pratikUlatAke kAraNa usa samaya ke maMdira aba nahI hai, nahIM to khAravelakI mahAnatAke vAreme ve gavAhI dete aura unake dharmabhAvako sAkSAt kara dikhAte ! sacamuca khAravela jaMnadharma ke ujvala mAloka stambha the / unakI pRSThapoSakatAse jainadharma apanI sthiti meM aTala thA / -68

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isalie, zivAlipi meM canane "kAmalo" (ghara) nAmale bhanihita kiyA gayA hai| bauddha porona zAstrame cakrako artha meM vyAvahAra kiyA gayA hai parantu prahApAsakhAravela. ko akradhara nAmase.mammahita karane kA yaha matalaba hai kijanatA dharmameM unakI jagaha-bahuta UcI thI- sirpha:batamA hI nahI utA. ko. guptacakrakI padavI bhI dI gaI hai| . . . . __ khAravelako jaina-pramANita karane ke lie jhavImuphA zilAlipi * meM aura bhI bahuta pramANa hai| zilAlisise yaha bhI mAlUma hotaa|' hai ki rAjatvaka prAyave sAlame vaha yavanarAjako yuddha meM muhator3a / javAva deveke lie mathurA taka gaye the| mathurA meM unhone brAhmaNAH / jaina zramaNa, rAjabhRtya aura vahAM ke adhivAsimo ko bhojameMpANyApita kiyA thaa| mathurAse , lauTane ke bAda, kalimameM bhI -isI taraha eka bhojakA Ayojana humAyA 1 isa varNanAma bauddha aura pAjIvako kA nAma nahI pAyA, jAtA hai / isase yaha mAlUma hokhA hai ki usa samaya kaliga ke samAna hI mathurA meM bhI jaina aura hindU dharma ke prAdhAnyase; bauddha dharmakA astitva nahIM thaa| kadAcita hotA bhI to unakI pratiSThA vahA para nahIM thI, balki usake panapane ke lie brahA anukUla paristhiti hI nahI thii| uttara bhAratamAmadhumhI banA dharmakA kendramthala thaa| isaliye khAravelako bahA para yavanarAja: kI upasthiti aura prAdhipatya prasA.. huaa| ata : svadharmakI niSaktA ke lie unako mathukha taka jAnA- pAkhAracelako mAkramaNa se bahmaka praSivAsI mAlakina nahIM the| adhika jAnara dharmAvalambIyo ka mAnava barddhana ke liye khAravesamAnatvapUrNa kAma sarAhanIya thaa| __ mathugase vApasa pAne ke samaya lAravela khAtIjJA lokAra nahIM paDA thA / gulma aura latAkINaM kalpa-vRkSa bhI unake dvArA

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kaliMgako lAye gaye the| jaina zAstrameM hai ki kevala cakravartI samrATa hI kalpavRkSa lagAneke yogya hai / jisase sApha mAlUma par3atA hai ki jaina samrATa khAravela kalpavRkSa lAneke sarvathA hI yogya the / rAjatvakA kAphI samaya khAravelane yuddhayAtrA aura rAjyajayameM hI biitaayaa| jaina dharmake upAsaka hote huai bhI khAravelane kaise hiMsAtmaka mArga apanAyA ? yaha soneke bAta hai| jaina dharmakA mUlamantra ahiMsA aura jIvadayA unake rAjanatika aura sAmrAjyavAdI jIvanameM kisI prakAra prabhAva DAlane meM samartha nahIM huA ? isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? yahI khAravena ke vyaktigata jIvana meM eka pradhAna vizeSatA hai / bhAratake jena samrATone hiMsAko jaina dharmakA mUlamantra svIkAra karate hue bhI aura usase apaneko anuprANita karate hue bhI unhone apane rAjasabadhI lokadharma kI pAlanA bhI ThIka-ThIka hI kI ! jaina rAjasva kA yahI prAdarza hai ! jaina samrATa mahApadma ugrasena zraura maurya sAmrAjyake pratiSTAtA candragupta maurya prAdi rAjAnoMne jIvana bhara sagrAma kI bhAveSTanI meM kAlayApana kiyA hai, jisase mAlUma paDatA hai ki unakI mahisA rAjanIti meM bAdhaka nahI thI / mraparantu jaina samrATa gaNa apaneko vijayI vIra pramANita karaneko prAkAkSI 1 the / khAravelakA mArga bhI vahI thA / yadyapi Apa sacce jaina rUpa meM hI paidA huye the / prApakA janma jisa vazameM huA thA; vaha 'ceti' vaMza bhI jaina dharmakA paripoSaka thA / azoka kI taraha khAravelane jIvana ke madhyAnhameM eka dharma chor3a kara dUsare dharmako nahIM apanAyA / I0 pU0 261 ka kaliMga yuddhameM azoka ke vyaktigata jIvana meM eka mahAn parivartana hone ke sAtha sAtha unakA rAjanaitika jIvana dhamAvabhApanna ho gayA thA / azoka *- kalpavRkSa se bhAva kicchika dAna dene kA honA cAhiye / 1991

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vaha eka jaina grahastha ke zrAvaka dharma ke anurUpa dUsare dezose banA lAkara apane sAmrAjyakI unnati karate the| zAyada isaliye dAkSiNatyako dhana ratnakA bhaDAra samajhakara, uttara bhAratako choDakara unhoMne dakSiNa bhAratakA prAkramaNa kiyA thaa| hAthI guMphA zilAlipame yaha bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki khAravelakI uttara bhArata vijaya kI khabara sunakara pADya rAjAko amUlya rala upahAra denA paDe the| zilAlipameM aura bhI yaha hai ki unhone vidayAdharoko jotakara unase bhI dhana upahAra likhe the ! ina saba dRSTiyose vicAra karanese hama mAlUma hotA hai ki / azoka aura khAravela meM kyA vibhinnatA thI? kaliMga vijayake bAda azokako hamezAke liye rAjya jaya-lipsA choDanA pdd'ii| sirpha utanA hI naho unaka samasAmayika rAjA aura bujurmoko bhI digvijaya na karaneko unhone anurodha kiyA thA / parantu azoka ko taraha khAravelane sAmAjika utsavokA uccheda nahI kiyA, apitu prajAke mAtha milakara vahattyohAra prAdi manAte th| prajAtrAko dhamAnucintA aura pUjA paddhati meM unhone kiso, prakAra ke pratibaMdhako sRSTi nahI ko tho| sAmAjika utsavoM ke liye vaha akaThina manase karor3o rupaya kharca karate the| jina utsava ka liya harasAla kaIvAra zobhAyAtrA kI taiyArI hotI thI aura khAravela ko bhI usameM bhAga lenA paDatA thaa| ina zobhAyAtrAyome samrATakI savArI pora rAjachatra prAdikA pradarzana bhI pADambarake sAtha hotA thaa| dharma nirapekSa khAravela kisI bhI guNa me azAkase kama nahI the / parantu sahiSNanA khAravelameM jyAdA thii| kimI sApradAyika mAmalemeM vaha kabhI bhI apane / ko, satapta nahIM karate tha / parantu hareka dharmakI abhivRddhi uma kokAmanA thii| jaivamako supratiSThita karane ko uddezyame unakI karmataspa ----72

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ratA, prayala aura dAna itihAsa meM aura hamezA ke liye svI garoM meM pati rhenaa| unake pAsanameM jainadharma kaligameM unnati ke zikhara para pahuMcA thaa| magadhase kaliMga jinakA ubAra karake unhoMne jAtIya devatAko punaH saMsthApanA kI pii| isake bAda hI sAravela ke jIvana meM parivartana kApaNyAya bhAraMbha humA thaa| dhIre dhIre jaina dharmakA mAdazaM unameM amibhUsa hamA thaa| rAjatvake caudahaveM sAlameM mahAmeSavAhana samrATa khAravelako hamezAke liye kaliMga itihAsase vidA lekaramananta vismRti ke garbha meM lIna honA pdd'aa| isake bAda unake viSayoM jAnane ke lie koI sAdhana nahIM hai| isa prakAra mAtra seMtIsa sAlakI choTI umra kalimakI rAjanItimeM uthala puthala macAkara bAracela vidA hote hai| pAge calakara hAthInuphA abhilekhameM khAkhelake vAremeM pIra kucha ghaTanAe~ nahI pAyIM jaatii| isalie yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki khAravelane mukti kI khocameM khaMDagiri yA udayanirikI kisI ajJAta jagaha meM zaraNa lI thii|vhii sacce jaina jIvA kI kAmanA hai|

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" " ' 7. kaliMga meM khAravela ke paravartI yugameM jaina dharma kI avasthA samrAT khAravelake bAda aura mahArAja mahAmeghavAhana kudepazrI yA kadapaMdhI ne kaliMga sihAsana pArohaNa kiyA thaa| Disake bAda cetivazakI hAlata kyA huI, yaha jAnanA muzkila hai| maMcapurI guphAme jinakumAra vaDakhake nAmakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai unakA kadarpadhI ke uttarAdhikArI hokara rAjya zAsana karanA anumAnita kiyA jAsakatA hai / parantu yaha nizcita hai ki usa samaya taka cetivazakI pUrva vaibhava aura zakti nahIM barAvara raha gaI thii| DaoN. kRSNasvAmI pAyAgAra ne do tAmila atho, yathA zilapathIkAram' evaM 'maNi mekhalAyI'me vaNita kaI vivaraNo se satkAlIna kaliMgakA paricaya karAyA hai| una dono grantho meM kaliMga rAjavazake do bhAiyo ke vivAdakA varNana diyA gayA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki kaliga rAjya usa samaya do khaNDomeM vibhakta huA thaa| eka kI rAjadhAnI thI kapilapura bhora dUsare kI siMhapura / ina dono rAjyome jo do bhAI rAjatva karate the ve anumAnita cetivaza sabhUta aura khAsvelake vazadhara hI hoge| ina dono bhAiyoke mApasI tumula yuddha hone ke kAraNa kaliMga chArakhAra ho gayA thA / aura bAdako eka vaidezika prAkramaNa ke vaza meM phasa gayA thaa| 1 Ancient India and South Indian History and Culture, Vol I pages 401-402, - - -

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ye vaidezika AkramaNakAra kAlameM kaligama janacamakI hAlata kaisI pI nIce kiyA gayA hai / $ 1.2 The "mAyalA pAji" kA kathana hai ki kaliyuga pUSThira se lekara 17 rAjAmati paramparika ku hU~ 113 T. e5 rAjasva kiyA thA * isa rAja paramparAke vA zobhana deva hai / usa samaya dillIke bhojaka pAtizA (bAdazAha) ke senApati raktavAhate 'cilakA dekara ur3IsA para mAkramaNa kiyA thA / bAdako praSTAdazarAjA ke samaya meM ur3IsA pUrI taraha mugaloMke hastagata huA thA, mugaloMne ur3IsA 474 I0 va 246 varSa rAtva kiyA thA aura isake bAda yavAtikezarI ne unako parAsta karake bhagA diyA thA / yahI hai 'mAdalA poi varNita upAkhyAne ! X 1 *** f isameM kucha kAlpanika viSaya hone para bhI mUlataH yaha eka aitihAsika satyake Upara pratiSThita huvA mAlUma par3atA hai kyoM ki prAcIna ur3IsA meM eka videzI rAjavaMza kI bahutasI mudrAya saba milI haiN| ina sabhI mudrAdyoMkI taiyArI kuzANa mudrAkI taraha hone se purAtatvavidoM ne unako "kuzANa mudrA" kahA hai| pahale purIke bhAsapAsa ye mudrAyeM khUba milatI thIM / 16 vIM zatAbdI ke mudrAvid - jaise harNale aura repasana donoM ina mudrAoMoMko "purI Wang kuzANa mudrA" kahate haiN| unake matAnusAra ina mudrAoM kA pratha lana yahAM ke kisI rAjavaMza dvArA nahIM humA thaa| purI jaga nAtha mahAprabhUke darzanake liye mAte huye prasaMkhya yAtrIyoMke ve saba mudrAyeM yahA~ lAI gayIM thI / purIke pAsapAsa samaya ye mudrAyeM milatI thI usa samaya ina paMDitoM kI yukti 2 Prooeedings of Asiatic Society, Bengal, 1895 DH Page 63. I 8 1 416 4 | 2

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taka parivyApta nahIM huA thA taba usako ur3IsA pAne kI bAta pUrI mithyA pratIta hotI hai| isase mAyalA pAMDica mugala prAkramaNa kuzANa mAkramaNa nahIM ho sakatA / yaha kuzANake pratiti dUsarA koI vaidezika AkramaNa honA nizcita hai * saba DaoN. navInakumAra sAhU pramANita karate haiM ki 'bhAvalA pAMthi varNita ur3IsA meM mugala prAkramaNa vastutaH mukhaMDa prAkramaNa ate fortya honA cAhiye / ina muruDoMke bAremeM purANa, vaina zAstra, grIka maura cenika lekhakoM ke vivaraNoMmeM ulleba milate haiM / purANa-matase tukhAra (kuzANa) ke bAda 13 muruDa rAjAoM ne do sau varSoM taka rAjasva kiyA thaa| muruDa varNatA se jainazAstra bhI bharapUra hai; kyoki muruMDa rAjAloya jaMna mauna tree pRSTha poSaka the / * 'siMhAsana dvAtriMzikA' nAmaka eka jaina grantha se milatA hai ki muruMDa gajAnoMkI rAjadhAnI kAnyakubja thI, parantu kAnya kubja meM muruDa bahuta kAla taka rAjatva karate huye mAlUma nahIM hote / siMhAsana dvAtriMzikA' pustaka meM jisa sukuMDarAja kA ullekha hai usakA kuzANoM ke adhIna eka sAmaMta rAjA honA nizcita hai / 'bRhata kalpatara' nAmaka eka dUsare jaina grantha se mAlUma hotA hai ki muruDoM kI rAjadhAnI pATalIputra thii| aura muruDa rAjA kI vidhavApatnI ne jina-patha kA dhavalavana 9 6. A History of Orissa Vol, Edited by Dr. N.K. Sahu. Pages, 331-335 7. Dynastic History, Kalinga Age, by Pargites, Page. 46 } 8. Dr. Probodh Chandra Bagohi's Speech in Indian History Congress, abhiyAna rAjendra koSa, bhA0 2 0 776 1

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karake isa dharma ko dharmavRddhi-sAdhane ke liye apanA jIvana yAvara kara diyA thaa| jaina purANoMse aura bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki pAdalipsa nAmaka jaina sAdhu ne pATaliputra, muruDa rAjAke mastiSka roga ko acchA kiyA thaa| me sAdhu pAdalipta ujjayinIke rAjA vikramAditya ke jainaguru siddhasena ke mAna samasAmayikahI the / grIka bhaugolika TomI ne 11 pUrva bhArata meM muruDa rAjya kI bhaugolika sImArekhA nirNita rUpa meM batAI hai| unake lekhase mAlUma hotA hai ki I0 dvitIya zatAbdI meM muruDa rAjyakA vistAra tirahUta se gaMgA nadI ke muhAne taka huA thA / cIna dezake bu (Woo) rAjavaMza ke vivaraNa se 12 bhI jAna par3atA hai ki I0 tIsarI zatAbdI meM muruDa pUrva bhArata meM rAjatva karate the, jaise ki pharAMsIsI paMDita silavAlevi pratipAdana kara gaye haiM / isa prakAra uDIsA me raktabAhu kA prAkramaNa vAstava meM pUrva bhAratIya muruMDo kA prAkramaNa thA aura yahAM se prApta asaMkhya mudrAyeM jinako kuzANa mudrAyeM anumAnita kiyA gayA hai bayArthame ina maruDoM dvArA pracalita mudrAyeM thI / 1647 sAlamaM zizupAlagar3ha maiM jo purAtAtvika bhUkhodana huA thA, usame uDIsAmeM jaina muruDa rAjatvakA suspaSTa pramANa mila cukA hai| isa bhUkhodana se Fit huI eka svarNa mudrAke vAremeM mAlocanA karate huye DaoN. zrata madAziva jhAlTekAra kahate haiM ki yaha mudrA "mahAnAbA ghirAjA dharmadAmaghara" nAmadheya kisI eka muruDa rAjA dvArA pracalita kI gaI thI DaoN mAlTekAra Age aura bhI kahate hai ki yaha muruDa rAjA moDIsAmeM I0 tIsarI zatAbdI meM zAsana 10. iDiyana kalcara, bhAga 3 046 3 ** 11 iDiyana enTIkverI, bhA0 13 50337 12 silbA lekhI, Molanser Charles de Harlez pp. 176 186 ' -

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karatenemora jaina the|" 1 . vipAsapar3ha se eka mAmaya, phalaka milA hai jo maMgalavA eka sIna mohara hai| usameM likhA hai- "pasayasa prasanakama barSAta , "amAtyasya prasanakasya" :-yaha phalaka, pramAla prasAlaka kI sIla mohara honA sabhava hai| isa phalako liyo hue bhakSara bhoka uparokta svarNa mudrA meM vyabahUta hue mAra eka samaya ke hI mAlUma hote haiN| agara yaha saca hai to prasannaka ko, mahArAja dharmadAmagharakA amAtya mAnA jAsakatA hai|" , DaoN. navInakumAra sAhune pramANita kiyA hai ki uDDosA meM muruDa rAjasva I dUsarI zatAbdIke zeSamAgase I0 cauthI zatAbdI ke madhyabhAga taka pracalita thA / lekina 'mAdalApAni' meM ullekha hai ki mugala rAjatva I0 327 se 454 I. taka calA thaa| mAmalA pAni ke isa mugala rAjatva ko DaoN0 namInakumAra sAhune muruDa rAjala mAnA hai aura isa rAjatvake kAla nirNaya meM mAyalA pAMjikArane jo bhUla kiyA hai use aitihAsika pramANa mitise sazodhana kiyA hai| isa prasaMgame bauddhagrantha 'dAdAdhAtu vaza meM likhita buddhadata kA upAsamAna bhI alocanIya hai| isameM likhA hai ki cauthI pratAr3Ake prArambhameM kaligake rAjA gRha ziva resaMbhavataH yahI gRhaziva rAjA muruDa ho sakate hai| ve pahale jaina the, aura bAda ko apanI rAjadhAnI datapurameM budadaMtakI mahimA se mUrakha hokara ke buddha ho gaye the| isase pATalIputra ke bena yA viSaya haraye isa pAhuko pIDAbIna kumAra mArane pA lilAI pani patiko pAka sUbA ke sAmanagara jiAyeMdra bikAzimAlA banavariporTa, 14 8. C. De, O. H. R.Neyol. I No.2 11. * bAhU, e hisTrI pAka ur3IsA mA0 250 334 .

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rUpameM vAThApAtu vaMzameM bhI baNita kiyA gayA hai| __guhazivake dharmAtara grahaNase vicalita hokara.pAMDu rAjAne unheM apanI rAjadhAnI pATalIputra ko buddhadaMtako sAtha liye cale pAne ke lie mAdeza diyaa| pATalIputra meM daMtadhAtuko naSTa kara dene ke lie bahuta koziza karane para bhI ve saphala kAma na ho ske| aura bAdako data kI adbhata zakti dekhakara khuda bhI boTa ho gye| bAdako isa daMtapara adhikAra karane ke liye kaliMga ke par3osiyoM ne kaliMga para dhAvA kiyA thaa| ina pAkramaNakAriyoM meM kSIradhAra pradhAna the / isa kSIravAra ko zrI yukta suzIla. candrane vAkaTAka rAjA aura pravarasena bhandAja kiyA hai / yuddha meM guhazivane prANatyAga kiyA parantu mRtyuke pUrva hI unhone apanI kanyA hemamAlA aura dAmAda datakumAra ke hAthoM buddha daMtako siMhala bheja diyA thaa| jaba hemamAlA mora datakumAra siMhala pahuMce to usa samaya vahAM ke rAjA mahAdisena the| inake rAjatva kAlakA samaya I0 270 se 304 taka hotA hai / sutarAM kaliMgameM guhaziva kA tIsarI zatAbdImeM rAjatva karanA sunizcita hai| madhya yuga yaha to prAcIna yuga kA vivaraNa hai| aba dekhanA hai ki madhya yugIya uDIsAmeM jaina dharmakI hAlata kaisI thI? kaliMgameM muraMDa zAsanake avasAna ke bAda guptavaza kA prAdhipatya honA aitihAsika pragaTa karate hai / gupta rAjavaMzakA rAjanaitika prabhAva samudragupta kI divijaya ke bAda se paDanA sunizcita hai / isa rAjanaitika prabhAvake sAtha sAMskRtika prabhAva bhI apratihata bhAva 16.0. H. R. . Vol. III, No. 2. P. 104 17- vAkaTaka eNDa gupta eja, saM0 prAlTekara aura DagamAyumadAra ita-pra. sIlona'10 151-261 -

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utkala meM rAjatva karane vAle soma, vazI rAjApoM meM udyota kezarI saba se prasiddha narapati the| koI koI unheM lalATadu kezarI bhI kahate haiN| udyota kezarI zaMva dharma ke pRSThapoSaka ke nAmase itihAsa meM vikhyAta haiN| unake pitA yayAti mahAziva guptane bhUvanezvara meM suprasiddha liMgarAja maMdira kA nirmANa kArya prAraMbha kiyA thaa| isa maMdira kI parisamApti rAjA udyota kezarIne karAI thii| udyota kezarI kI mAtA kolAvatI devI ne bhuvanezvara meM cArukalA khacita brahme. zvara madira taiyAra karAyA thaa| udyoga zivabhakta hone para bhI jainadharmakI ora pragADha zraddhA aura anurAga rakhate the / khaDagiri ko lalATadu kezarI guphA unakIho kItti hai| isa meM koI saMdeha nahIM / jaina arahaMta aura sAdhuproke liye samrATa khAravelane jisa taraha pratIta me bahuta se guMphAyeM khudAI thI, usI taraha una jaina samrATa kA padAnusaraNa kara udyota kezarI ne bhI jaino ke liye vizrAma sthala, aura mArAdhanA madira ke liye khaMDagiri meM guphAyeM nirmANa karAI thii| kevala 'lalATadu kezarI guphA' hI nahI balki navamuni aura bArabhUjI guphAyeM bhI isa kAla kI kIttiyA haiM / aitihAsiko kA kathana hai ki navamuni guphA meM udyota kezarI ke rAjatvakAla kA eka zilAlekha aba bhI hai| udyotakezarI ke rAjatva kAlake aSTAdazaveM varSa meM yaha zilAlekha utkIrNa humA thaa| yAda rakhanA hogA ki ThIka isa varSa udyota kI mAtA kolAvatI devI ne bhuvanezvara meM brahmazvara ke madira nirmANa kArya pUrNa kiyA thaa| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya zaiva aura jainadharma samAtarAla bhAva se ur3IsAmeM pracalita pai / aura gajA udyota kezarI dono dharmoko eka najarase dekhate the| ' navani guphA kI "zilAlipi se jAna par3atA hai ki 18 epIgrephiyA iMDikA, 13 165-16

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ucotakezarI ke aSTAdaza varSa rAjatvakAlameM suvisyAta jainasAdhu kulacadra ke ziSya AcArya zubhacaMdra tIrthayAtrA ke liye khaDagiri pAye the, aura vahA ve kattiyAM sthApana kiye the|maacaary zamacaMdra ke prati rAjA udyotakezarI kA. bhavyopayukta. sammAna pradarzana karanA zilAlipi se jAna paDatA hai| Upara likhI duI locanA se mAlUma hotA hai ki madhyayugIya DIsA eka samaya jainadharma ,rAjAnoM ko pRSTha-poSakatA lAna kara sarvi bata ho sakA thA! ur3IsA ke sAtha dharma meM bhI bamavarma kA prabhAva antimAtrAmeM par3A thaa| jainadharSakA saki sAvana khAsa kara na hotA to itanA prabhAva par3anA sabhava nahIM ho sakatAthA| patti- yuga ke arakSita, dAsa patha aura mahimA paMpAdi dharma sasthAnomeM bhI jaina dharmake bahutase.prAcAra tatva aura darzanakI abhivyakti mora.samAveza dekhaneko milatA hai| aura yaha dikhA detA hai ki jainArma kI samRddhi prAcIna kAlase burU hokara madhyayuga taka avyAhata calatI rahI kii| ur3IsA sAMskRtika jIvana meM jainadharsa kisa taraha apanA prabhAva phailA sakA thA isa kI vizada mAlocanA mAge kI jAyagI . samAja kala mAdhunika yugameM bhI ur3IsA kevI jIvanApara nabarmakA jo pramAba, phaila rahA hai| yaha anusaMdhAna kI prastuNDeya pAva bhI khaMDapiri kevala baino ko nahIM hiMdujoM kI bhI eka parama pavitra tIrtha bhUmi hai / mAgha zukla saptamIle hilAhara sAla yahA~ bo melA lagatA hai usameM hajAra mAtrImA kaTTAhokara sirphamarakSita dAsako smRtimA ko yaha nahIM, baskiAna sIkADare kI pratimUrti pauSa unake zAsana devatAoM ke uddezya meM bhI sevA pUjA karate haiN| .

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8. utkala kI saMskRti meM jaina dharma utkala meM atyanta prAcInakAla se eka pradhAna dharmo rUpameM bainadharvakA pracalana hai| isa prAcIna dharmakA prabhAva utkala ke sAskRtika jIvana meM aneka rUpameM parilakSita hotA hai| itihAsa sepramANita hotA hai ki utkalake vibhinna pracaloMmeM "bhaMjavaMza" kA rAjatva thaa| "bhajavaza"vAle koI koI zaiva bhI the aura koI-koI vaiSNava, phira bhI aisA mAlUma par3atA hai ki ina logoM meM jaina saMskRtikA prabhAva bhI akSuNNa thaa| isa vaMzakA eka hAmra zAsana kendUjhara jilA ke ukhuDA nAmaka grAmase milA thA, usase vidita hotA hai ki "bhajavaza" ke bhAdi puruSokI utpatti koTyAzrama nAmaka sthalameM mayUrake aDese huI thii| sabhava hai, yaha koTyAzrama jaina harivaMza meM varNita asakhya munijanAdhyuSita koTizilA hI ho| mayUrake aDeko vidIrNa karake (mayUroDa mitvA) vIrabhadra "pAdibhaMja" ke rUpa meM avatarita honA usameM varNita hai| yaha mayUrI sAdhAraNa nahIM, vara janoMke purANoM meM paNita zrutadevI kI bAhinI thii| sAdhAraNa mayUrI ke Diba se mAnavakI utpati bhalA kaise sabhava hotI haricanda ne svaracita 'sagIta muktAvalI meM apane vaMza paricayake prasagameM likhA hai ki unakA vaza buti-mayUrikA se utpanna hai| haricanda kanakA ke rAjavaMzIya the aura unakI racanAyeM 16 vIM zatI kI racI huI pii| uparyukta zruti, zrutidevi athavA sarasvatI hI hai / janamata meM sarasvatI kA vAhana mayUrI hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki

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mAdi granthoM meM aisA vaNita hai ki zrI kaSNa ne kAliMdI hada meM. hAravaza purANa sAra A utkala bhASA ke pratyaMta prAcIna graMtha kavi zrI sAralAdAsa ke 'mahAbhArata meM bhI rAdhAca zabdakA ullekha hai| bopadI ke svayaMdhara ke samaya lakSya maiMda karate hue arjuna kI dhuNimAna cakra ke bhItara rAdhA prarthAta lakSya ko bheda karane kI bAta jaina harivaMza meM kahI gayI hai| para, saMskRta 'mahAbhArata meM isa saMghAcakra kA koI bhI ullekha nahIM miltaa| niHsadeha yaha baina harivaMza se hI gahita hai| *" prAcI mAhAtmya ke praNetAmoM ne apane viSaya vastu ko 'padma pugaNa se gahita batAyA hai, para mUna 'padma purANa meM vaisA varNana hai nhiiN| saMbhava hai yaha saba jaina 'padma-purANa gRhita vastu hai / " utkala ke suprasiddha vaiSNava kavi jagannAtha dAsa ke bhAgavata' me mUla bhAgavata kA anuzaraNa rahate huye bhI usameM caina tatvadIkSA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| usake paMcama skaMdha ke pAMcaveM adhyAyameM RSabhadevane apane sau putroko jo upadeza pradAna kiyA hai vaha upadeza jainadharmake tatvose pUrNataH prabhAvita hai| udAharaNataH he putro, sAvadhAnatA pUrvaka mere vacana ko suno, ' kara zuNikari bhayaparihari mAga hoile banamAlI, kAlI aSare kehi pakAlidire, . . . . . kRSNa mAnandare praveza hohale naTalelhe nATha mNdir||16 machada .. "rAdhAcaka" bulupachi sAta bAla ucne / tAle uccare paTAe pachi je susNce| lakSe basa dhana pAri se paTAe utthi|" sAralA mhaamaarkh|

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yo prANI (sAMsArika) kamoMke prAcAracoM meM nirata rahatA hai ho una karma baMdhanoM meM par3ha kara ) vaha ghora naraka kA bhAgI banatA hai jo satvaguNa meM prerita hai aura brahmakarma karatA hai jayA anata ko nama ArAdhanA karatA hai, meM saca kahatA hU~ yaha (veda) vihita nirvANa mArga hai / cagata meM strI satramAdi karma samajha kA dvAra hai ina dvAroM kA parityAga karake mahat janoM kI sevA karanI cAhie / jo mere padoM para pramAda rahita hokara apane mana prarpita karatA hai, kho krodha nirvAjita hai mora sArA jagata jisakA suhRba mitra hai vahI mahata jana hai aura prazAMta sAdhu bhI yahI kahalAtA hai, jo jana mujhe nahIM bhajatA hai ghora pramitya deha ko misva samajha kara cAyA, gRha, dhana aura tamayAdi ke kAma meM par3ha kara mAnA karma-kleza sahana karatA hai vaha sAdhu nahIM hai / ne taka prAtmA ko (manuSya) pahacAna nahIM pAtA hai taba taka (bhrama meM par3a kara ) parAbhava kA bhoga karatA hai, niraMtara mana ko bahakA kara abataka (manuSya) nAmA karma me pravRta rahatA hai taba taka karmavaza hokara vaha nAmA yoniyoMmeM janmaletA hai / me avyaya vAsudeva hUM, mujha meM jisakI prIti nahIM hai vaha deha aura baMdhu ke pare nahIM hai isalie vaha Izvara ko pahacAnatA nahIM / svapnavat (kSaNika) isa beha para (manuSya) nAnA grahaMkAra -CETE

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rItA hai jaise nitrA meM (hama) suru bhogate haiM, para bAta meM u kA koI lAbha hameM nahIM miltaa| gRhabaMdha meM nArI ke sAtha anudina rahakara usake sAtha pati-patnI kA saMbaMdha rasakera (manuSya) merA gRha, mero manaM, kaha kara dhaura mAMgA meM ghAcchana hokara baddha rahegA taba taka usake sAre karma-baMdha khaMDita nahIM hoMge ! X x X maiM hari ha, pracila (STi) kA guru hUM, behI hokara mujhe hI bhajo / jo niyata citta hokara mere parvo para bhakti rakhatI haiM, hiMsA aura vyasanoM se pare hokara merI dhArodhanA karatA mere guNa aura karmoM kA nirantara kIrtana karatA hai, ekAMta bhAva se mujhe yAda karatA hai, indriyoM ke damana tathA pradhyAtmavidyA ke prAcaraca pUrveka, zraddhA pUrvaka brahmacarya dhAraNa karatA hai (tathA) prazAMta mIra vacana meM saccA haiM, usakA gRha baMdhana nahIM haiM aura vaha bhavajanma se mukti pAtA hai| usake karma-dhandhoM ko prakleza hI meM kATa detA hU~, jinakoM se mAtmA kA zreya hai una karmoM para paoNpara loga zraddhA nahIM rakhate thor3e se sukhaM ke lie matibhrama hokara zeSa duHkha kA kAraNa aneka hiMsA kA dhAraNa karate haiM unakI dRSTi naSTa ho jAtI hai aura ve avidyA meM bhramita hote haiN| X X -3

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caitanyadAsa racita viSNumabhaM purANake 6The pradhyAyameM bhI RSabha-bharata kA saMbAda hai| pralekha pathakA yaha eka pradhAna grantha hai| isa prandhameM bhalekha paMSakI zreSThatAkA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ataH bharata mAdi 1. putra apane pitA RSabhadeva se bhalekha dharmakI dIkSA lete isabAtakA isameM ullekha hai| utkala meM pracArita yaha bhalekha dharma jainadharmakA hI eka dUsarA svarUpa hai / viSNugarbha purANa ke adhyAya meM milatA hai ki RSabhadeva viSNu ke garbha meM na jAkara vaikuTha ko gae hai| isameM RSabhakA mahatva vizeSa rUpase pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / pUrvokta, bhAgavatase uddhata RSabhake jaise viSNugarbha purAvakI hitavANI meM bhI jainadharma ke tatva spaSTatA parilakSita hote hai / "jiyoM ko dRr3hatA se bAMdha kara raho, se rAjA doSiyoM ko badI banAkara rakhatA hai| mAyA (kapaTa) aura mithyA bhASI na bananA, jAnate hue bhI anajAna ke jaisA rahanA, satya kA vrata dhAraNa karate hue satya ho bolate raho kupatha kI kalpanA mana meM bhI na lAmo, gRha meM rahate hue bhI atyata viSaya jaMjAla meM na phaMsanA puNyakarma kA hI barAbara sampAdana karo bhoraprakarmameM napalo, lAbha se sukha athavA hAni se dukha na mAno mora parvamata meM apane ko dekho, sarvabhUta meM kyA bhAva rakho aura nirIha prANiyoM para kroSa-Sama rkhnaa| viSNu para bhakti rakhane vAle logoM kI bAtoM se pratita hokara sadA viSnu bhakti rasa meM rata rhnaa| kusaMga parityAga kara sat saMgati me raho aura

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satyatA para! satyake abhAva ne hiMsaka pazuko bhauM mahiMsaka banA diyA / jainadharmakI hiMsA ko isa kAmeM acchI taraha vyakta kara diyA gayA hai| "maya yaha dekhanA hai ki utkala ke lokAcAra para jainadharmakA prabhAva kahA taka paDA hai / pahale jainadharma ke kucha mUla lakSaNoM kA vivecana karatanA pravizyaka hogA / kalpavaTa isa dharmakI eka viziSTa mAnyatA hai / sabhyatAkai mAdikAla meM loga kRSi bIvI mahI the aura IsI kalpavRkSa ke prabhAva se jIvanakI sArI mAzyakatAmo kI pUrti kara lete the| yaha kalpavRkSa jaba antahita ho goM aura logoM ko khAne pIne kA prabhAva ho gayA taba bhAdi tIrthakara ne logoM ko kRSi, pazupAlana tathA anyAnya udyogokI zikSAai dI / kalpavaTakI pUjA jainoM kA eka mahAna manuSThAna hai| isIke anukaraNa se paurANika hinduoM ne kAmadhenu kI kalpanA kI thI, isI kAmadhenu (surabhi ke liye vizvAmitra ne baziSTake Azrama para prAkramaNa kiyA thA jainoM ke isa anuSThAnameM hindupro ko prerita kiyA jisase prayAgake kalpavaMTa kI kalpanA huii| sirpha itanA hI nahIM, kalpavaTase kUdakara prANatyAga karane ko prathAkA sambandha jaino ke prAyopavezanameM prANatyAga karane ke sAtha sambandhita hai, hindU purANoM meM kalpavaTake prabhUta mahAtmya varNita hai| isa sambandha meM purANoM me kaI prakAra ke pAkhyAna bhI milate haiN| jaino ke kalpavaTa kI dhAraNA ne hiMdU dharma ko kitanA prabhAvita kiyA hai, prayAga ke kalpavaTa kI kathAse yaha pramANita hotA hai / isa kalpavaTake nikaTa kAmanA karake prasAdhya saudhana ho gayA / utkala meM bhI kalpavaTakA mahatva atyadhika hai| yahAM loga baTavRkSakI upAsanA karate hai / baTase jo mohara nikalatA hai use zivakI jaTAsamajhI jAtI hai / jainoM ke prabhAva 4mAdi purANa tIsarA adhyAya, 30 pRSTha /

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17 ke kAraNa purI, bhuvanezvara tathA prala mandiroM meM kalpakA ropaNa kiyA gayA hai| aisA na hotA to mandirake bhItara baTavRkSa ropaNa karane kA koI bhI dUsarA prAdhyAtmika kAraNa nahIM thA / prAdi tIrthakara RSabhadeva hindU purANoM meM viSNu aura ziva avatAra mAne jAte haiN| unhoMne apane mukhameM papara bharakara zeSa jIvana kailAza zikhara para bitAyA thA anta meM aba vaMzavana meM dhavAgni prajvalita huI usI meM ve damba ho gae / yaha ghaTanA phAguna kRSNa 1zI ke din,huii| isIlie jainasoga isa tiSa kA pAlana karate hai| kAlakrama meM hindubho ne bhI isa tirobhAva divasa ko eka vrata mAnA mora ve use vrata vizeSa ke rUpameM mAnate cale A rahe hai / yahI vrata ziva caturdazI kA jAgara (ujAgara) ke nAmase prasiddha hmaa| RSabhadeva ziva anzIbhUta the yaha vrata usakA eka acchA pramANa hai / isa vratakI prAnika pravRni jo bhI ho, para hai yaha eka jaina parva hI jo hindU prAcArameM mota prAna ho gayA hai| paDosA jainadharmakA eka pradhAna pIThaspana hai| yahA ke pratyeka grAmama zivAlayako sthApanA hai| ina mandiroMke pujArI brAhmaNetara (parighA)jAtike hI loga hote haiN| utkalakI purapalliyo meM ziva catudazo eka pradhAna parva hai / sudUra atIta se baina paddhati ko kA hindUdharma ne prAtmasAta kiyA hai / DAsA kA "vicitra rAmAyaNa" eka pallI kAvya (loka kAvya ) hai athavA ise eka kAvya bhI kahA jAsakatA hai| isase bhI sItAke mukha se kavine kisI alakSya baTakI prArthanA karAmI hai|" uDIsA ke kavi kI isa maulikatAme mo jaivatvakA prabhAva sannihita hai| trizUla aura vRSana ziva ke pira sAthI hai| prAdi tIrthakara RSabhadeva ne bhI yahI cinha dhAraNa kiyA thaa| RSabha 5 hai vA jvaTa / he baTazreSTha / / merI vinatI svIkAra karA /

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nAma hI vRSabha kA pratipada hai| jagannAtha jI ke maMdira ke ber3A (gherA) meM kohalI baikuMTha ke nAma se eka sthAna hai| yaha kohalI zabda tAmila ke koela se prapatrA saMskRta ke kaivalpase pAyA hai, vicAraNIya prazna hai ki hiMduno se mukti mokSa zabdAdi kI taraha jainadharma kA kaivalya zabda bhI ekArtha vAcaka hai| vastuta yaha kaivalya zabda jainadharma kA hI hai jise ur3iyAne prapanA banA liyA hai| kyoki prAcIna hiMdU athobhe mokSa ke artha meM kahIM bhI kaivalya zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jina jina tithiyoM meM tIrthaGkaroMke garbhAvasthAna,janmatapasyA, jJAnaprApti aura mokSa prApti huI hai, indrAdi devagaNa unhI tithiyo meM utsava manAte haiN| jainadharmI loga bhI pRthvI para unhI tithiyo me caitrayAtrA karate hai| catya nirmita ratha ke Upara jina deva kI pratimA rakhakara nagara me parikramA karAne ko vidhi kI caitayAtrA karate haiM / susajjita hAthI aura gItabAditro ke sAtha isa utsavakA paripAlana hotA hai| prabhidhAna rAjendra anumAna vivaraNa meM isakA vistRta varNana milatA hai| (baTa-mUla meM, hAtha joDa kara vyAkula hRdaya se sItA ne prArthanA kI) mapanI paropakArI vRti ke kAraNa caturdaza loka meM tumhArI khyAti hai| merI sAsa pora mere zvasura, ayodhyA meM magala se raheM, patra ghuna ko sAtha lekara bharata vIra sukhapUrvaka rAjya pAlana karate rheN| ayodhyA nivAsI sabhI nara nArI prAnanda pUrvaka raheM, maiM hAtha jor3a kara vinatI karatI ha, zatro kA upadrava unako na ho| meM vidhavA aura gaNitA na hoU aura yuga yuga taka jIvita rahU / / mere pitA parama pada kI prApti kareM, isase adhika pIra tumase kyA maaguu| vicitra raamaaynn| 6 puruSArtha zUnyAnA guNanA prati prasava kaivalya svarUpa pratiSThA vAcita zali hata

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rathayAtrA RSabhadeva ke rathotsava se milatI-sI hai, isakA ullekha pahale hI kiyA jA cukA hai| ullekhanIya hai ki yaha rathayAtrA zrIkRSNa jI kI ghoSayAtrA nahIM hai| ghoSayAtrA meM phira bAhuDA (loTanA) nahIM hotA hai| kalpavRkSa kI sAmyatA ke bAre meM bhI pahale kahA jA cukA hai| yahAM yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki zrI jagannAtha jI kA nIlacakra zrI RSabhadeva ke dharmacaka kA hI satAsvarUpa hai / RSabhadeva kI pUjA jahA kahI bhI hotI hai use pakrakSetra kahA jAtA hai| prAbU pahAr3a ke kSetra ko isIlie bakrakSetra ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| yahA~ taka ki keMdUmara jilA sthita mAnandapura sabaDivijana ke jisa sthAna meM pahale RSabhadeva kA pUjApITha yA usa sthAna ko bhI pakrakSetra ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| purI ko cakrakSetra ke nAma se pukArane me vaiSNava dharma kA prabhAva jahAM taka bhI ho, para jaina RSabhadeva ke pUjApoTha hone ke kAraNa hI purI kA aisA nAma par3A isa meM saveha nahI hai| ina sAre pramAmo para mabhIratA pUrvaka citama karane para zrI jagannAtha jI ko prAnuSThAnika rUpa se jaina pratimA hI mAnanA pdd'egaa| navamArata mArca, 1355 kA aMka dekheN|

Page #104
9. ur3IsA kI jaina-kalA bhuvanezvara se dakSiNa-pazcima dizAmeM khaNDagiri aura udayagiri nAmaka do choTe-choTe pahADa hai / unakI U~cAI kramaza 123 phoTa aura 11.phoTa hai| udayagirike nIce eka vaiSNava maTha bhI hai| ye pahADa choTI-choTI guphAmo se paripUrNa haiM / udayagiri va khaNDagirime 16 tathA unake nikaTameM hI nIlagiri nAmaka pahADa meM 3 guphAye dekhaneko milatI hai / 20 vI zatAbdIse prAya: 16 sau varSoM pUrva hI adhikAza guphAyeM jaina samrAT khAravela aura unake parivAra vAloM ke dvArA nirmita kI gaI thii| zavadharmakA kendra sthAna bhuvanezvara isake itane nikaTa hai ki jainadharma kisa prakAra apane sthAnameM jama sakA, isa prazna kA logo ke manameM uThanA svAbhAvika hI hai / IsA pUrva pahalI zatAbdI meM zavadharma khUba sambhava hai ki kaliMga meM nahIM phailA ho tathA aisA mAlUma paDatA hai ki jainadharma kI vRddhi meM rukAvaTa DAlaneke liye brAhmaNa dharma ke paripoSaka vargane bhuvanezvara ko mantameM pracArake upayukta sthAna samajhakara grahaNa kiyA ho / khaNDagiri aura udayagiri mAdimeM sthita guphAmoMkA sthA. patya dakSiNa bhAratameM vAstava meM eka darzanIya vastu hai / isIke kAraNa prativarSa bhAratase saikar3o aitihAsika vidvAno tathA paryaTako kA yaha AkarSaNa kendra rahA hai / udayagiri kI guphAmo ke madhyameM rAnI hasapura nAmaka guphA ho sabase baDI hai / isakI banAvaTa bhI baDI sundara hai / isako rAnI guphA bhI kahA jAtA -28

Page #105
hai| isakI koThariyAM do paktiyoM meM sabI huI hai| guphAkA dakSiNa-pUrva pAzvaM khulA humA hai / nIcekI paMktiyoM meM pATha evaM Upara kI pati meM cha. prakoSTha hai / isake Upara kI maMjila meM sthiti vistIrNa barAmadA vAstavika rAnI guphAkA eka pradhAna vizeSatva rakhatA hai| yaha bIsa phITa lambA hai| inhIM barAmadoM meM pratihAriyoMkI pratimUrtiyAM prati spaSTa rUpameM khodI gaI hai| nIce ke majale meM sthita praharI eka susajjita sainika ke samAna dikhAI par3atA hai| barAmade kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki vahAM para baiThane ke liye aneka choTe choTe uccAsana nirmita kiye gaye haiN| pazcima bhArata kI prAcIna guphAmo meM isI taraha ke mAsana dikhAI par3ate hai| barAmade kI chatako sAdhane ke liye bahu sakhyA meM prastara stabha banAye gaye hai| kintu durbhAgya-vaza unameM se adhikAza sthambha jIrNa-zIrNa ho gae hai / rAnI guphAse kevala tIna hI prAcIna stambha samaya kI gatike viruddha saMgrAma kara bayeSTha kSatavikSata hokara abataka bhI bace hue hai| guphAmoM ke bhItara praveza karane ke liye bhI dvAra banAye gaye haiM / baDI-baDI guphAmo ke nimitta eka se adhika dvAra nirmita kiye gaye hai| aisA hameM dekhane ko milatA hai / inhI dvAroM meM Upara ke bhAgameM jainadharmake nAnA prakAra ke upAkhyAna khode hue the| ye upAkhyAna prati prAJjala rUpa meM varNita ho sakate hai| kintu usa sambandhameM gaveSaNa karake pratyekakA tathya sagraha karanA sahaja nahIM hai| pratyeka citrameM sAmajasya-sA mAlUma par3atA hai, kintu Upara ke majalemeM zilpakArane jisa rItise dRzyokA varNana kiyA hai, nIce ke majale meM ThIka usI rItise nahIM kiyA gayA hai| donoM majalemeM mApasameM eka virATa pArthakya bodha hotA hai isa majaleke dRzyomeM ekatva mAlUma paDatA hai| khudI huI mUrtiyoM ke bocameM paraspara sambandha bhI prati spaSTa mAlUma par3atA hai / mUttiyo

Page #106
vAstavika jIvita jAgRta pratimA-sI mAlUma par3atI hai / "nIce ke majale meM mUrtiyAM itanI uccakoTi kI nahIM hai unameM dhaprAkRtikatA mora aparikalpatA pUrNa mAtrAme mAlUma par3atI hai / . kintu rAnI guphA meM sthApita mUrtiyoM se ve avazya prAcIna haiM, kintu sthAna vizeSa ke kAraNa hame vahA khUba ucca koTi ke sthApatya bhI dekhane ko milate hai isalie nIce kI majale kI kalA Upara majale kI apekSA adhika purAnI hai| isameM bhUla nahI hai / rAnI guphA ke dUsare majale meM sthita mUrtiyo kI kalAmeM hama jo pArthakya dekhate haiM, vaha pArthakya samaya kI dUratAke liye nahIM mAlUma par3atA hai balki bhinna 2 zilpakAro kI niyukti ke dvArA isa pArthakya ( samAnatA) kI sRSTi huI hai| nIce ke majale ke liye jo zilpakAra niyukta kiye gaye the, ve mAlUma paDatA hai / kucha nikRSTa gharaNa ke the / isa viSaya para Avazyaka pratyakSa pramANa milanA sahaja nahI / isa viSaya meM sara jauna mArzalakA kahanA hai ki ThIka maMcapurI guphA ke samAna nIce kA majalA aura Upara kA majalA nirmANa karate samaya kA vyavadhAna bahuta thoDA thA, aisA mAlUma paDatA hai ki guphAkI kalA tathA usakI sthApanA ke Upara avazya hI madhya bhAratIya tathA pazcima bhAratIyo kA prabhAva paDanA svAbhAvika hai / isa prabhAvake dyotaka hama jIvita do pramANa pAte haiN| Upara ke majale meM sthita eka dvAra rakSaka, jo grIka hai athavA vaha yavana veSabhUSA me susajjita huA hai / usIke nikaTa meM eka siMha tathA usake zrArohI kI gaThana maiM bhI pazcima eziyA ke kucha cinha dRSTigocara hote haiM / kintu nIce ke majale meM sthita praharI kA rUpa tathA paripATI me avikala bhAratIya DhaMga mAlUma paDatA hai, kAraNa yahA zilpakI nipuNyatA aparipakva hai| vaha bhAratIya niyamAnusAra sImAbaddha hai| -100 4

Page #107
marddhavRtta meM zeSa maMcapurI aura svargapurI yA vaikuNThapurI nAmakI do guphAeM haiN| ina guphAoM meM jo zilAlekha hai, usakA aitihAsika mUla aparimeya hai, kAraNa cakravartI samrAT khAravela ke hAthIguphA ke zilAlekha ke sAtha unakA samparka hai / maMcapurI guphA ke sammukha eka vistRta prAgaNa hai / usI ke pAsa meM barAmadA tathA dakSiNa pArzva meM sthita barAmade meM do-do mUrtiyA haiM / pradhAna baranDe kI chata ke sammukha nAnA prakAra kI mUrtiyA khodI gaI hai / ve saba varttamAna praspaSTa ho gaI haiM / prakoSTha ke madhya meM jAne ke liye jo pAMca dvAra nirdiSTa haiM unhI dvAro tathA pAzvaM stabho meM vRkSa, latA, puSpa Adi kA citraNa prati sundara rUpa meM prakita hai / ina zilAlekho se mAlUma paDatA hai ki saba guphAe~ mahAmeghavAhana kadama vA kujapa ke dvArA nirmita huI thI / ye nizcaya hI khAravela ke bazadhara hoge / phargusana ne isa guphA ko pAtAlapurI nAma diyA hai / maMcapurI yA pAtAlapurI ke pazcAt sthita pahADa meM svagaMpurI guphA banI hai| mitra aura phargusana ke anuyAyo inako baikuNThapurI bhI kahate hai / isake virATa prakoSTha ke pAsa eka barAmadA hai / dakSiNa pArzva meM eka choTA prakoSTha hai| barAmade kI chata pranekAza meM TUTa gaI hai / isaliye staMbha yA praharI kI mUrti yAdi thI, yaha naSTa ho gaI hai / usameM sthita zilAlekha me mAlUma paDatA hai ki kaliMga ke jaina-saMnyAsI tathA mahata ke liya rAjA lAka kI duhitA hAthI sAhasa kI pautrI ke dvArA nirmita huI thI / yaha thI khAravela kI pradhAna rAnI / gaNezaza-guphA ke bhItara kI divAla para gaNeza jI kI pratimUrti khodI huI hai / isa guphA meM do prakoSTha aura eka barAmadA hai| guphA meM praveza karane ke dono pArzva meM do hAthiyo kI -102

Page #108
mRtimA nirmita kI gaI hai| hAthI padam praNAla lekara prastuTita, padake Upara khar3e haiN| barAmade kI chata ko sthira rakhane ke liye jo stabha the, ve aneka TUTa phUTa gaye haiN| vAma pAravaM ke, stama meM 4. phuTa kI UMcAI para eka praharI mUtti khodI gaI hai| praharI ke paira vastra se DhaMke hue nahIM hai / ve dAhine hAtha meM eka pI lekara khar3e hue haiN| unake mastaka ke Upara eka yakSa kI mUrti hai / yuphA ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karane ke liye eka dIvAla hai| pratyeka prakoSTha meM do dAra hai / dvAra ke Upara bhAga meM reliMga hai / rAnI guphA meM jisa taraha ke citra khode gaye hai, yahA~ para bhI usI taraha reliMga meM ati sundara dRzya aura citrAMkana kiyA gayA hai| prathama dRzya meM eka vRkSa tathA eka puruSa bichone ke Upara soyA pratIta hotA hai / nikaTa me eka strI puruSa ke pAdamadana karane ke samAna mAlUma paDatI hai / kintu dUsarA dRzya dUsare prakAra kA hai| vahA para yuddha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| zeSa dRzya meM phira eka puruSa hai / eka strI ke sAtha bAtacIta karate hue dekhate hai / ye upAkhyAna rAnI guphA ke Upara dRzya ke prAyaH samAna hai / vahA para mAluma par3atA hai ki koI apahatA nArI ko uddhAra karane kA viSaya pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| sainika varga videzI mAlUma par3ate hai| bhavadeva sUroke pAzvanAtha caritra meM varNita huA hai ki tIyaMkara pAzrvanAtha ne kisI kanyAkA kaliMga ke yavana rAjA ke hAtha se udAra kiyA thaa| isa galpa meM yadi kucha satyatAho sakatI hai, taba nizcaya hI gaNeza muphAke kaThina prastara ke Upara rUpa rekhA hogii| kAraNa gaNeza gaphA jainiyoM kI kIrti hone ke kAraNa jainadharma ke kinhIM bhI tIthaMkara kA jIvana vahAM para citra ke prAkAra meM upAsakoM ke sAmane pradarzita honA prati svAbhAvika hai| udayagiri ke madhya bhAga meM,dhAnara

Page #109
guphI, hAthoM guphA, vAgha guphA aura jamvezvara guphA vidyamAna, hai| pahADa ke pRSTha bhAga ko kATakara samatala kiyA gayA hai| samatala sthAna ke kendra sthala meM eka kSudra maMDapa hai| isa maMDapa meM aneka samaya se choTe 2 mandiroM kA bhagnAvazeSa bhI mAlUma par3atA hai / dhAna para kI guphA 14 phITa lambI aura usake liye tIna praveza dvAra hai| barAmade meM baiThane ke lie badobasta kiyA gayA hai / vAma pArzva meM sthita stabha ke zarIra meM sainikoM kI mUtti khodI huI hai / sainika ke mastaka para eka hAthI kI mUrti bhI dikhAI par3atI hai| hAthI guphA kA gaThana pati asAdhAraNa hai| isameM koI nirdiSTa prAkAra nahIM hai| hAthI ke 4 prakoSTha aura svatatra barAmadA bhI thaa| guphA kA antardeza 52 phITa lambA aura 28 phITa cauDA hai| dvAra kI UMcAI 113 phoTa hai / isameM khAravela kA vizva vikhyAta zilAlekha hai / isazilAlekha meM unakA jIvana caritra lipibaddha huA hai| samaya 2 para yaha zilAlekha masampUrNa ke samAna bodha hotA hai| hAthI guphA ke pazcima meM 8 guphAeM haiM / isake ThIka Upara pArzva meM sarpa guphA avasthita hai| yaha gaphA sarpa ke phaNa ke samAna dIkhato hai / sapaMphaNa jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA pratIka hai / yaha guphA bahuta choTI hai| isakI UMcAI kevala 3 phoTa hai| yahAM para do zilAlekha hai / ve binA bhUla hue paDhanA sabhava nahI, kyoki aneka prakSara naSTa ho gaye haiN| sarpaguphA ke uttara pazcima ko ora vyAghra guphA hai / isakA agrabhAga zArdUla kI mukhAkRti ke samAna dikhAI paDatA hai| vyAghra guphA kevala 31 phITa UMcI hai tathA dvAra meM sthita zilA lipi ke dvArA mAlUma paDatA hai ki vaha guphA jaina RSi subhUti kI thii| jamvezvara guphAkI U~cAI kevala 3 phITa Ica hai / isa

Page #110
rAnIguphA meM utkIrNa dRshy| R AN ... .., Upara ko maMjila meM utkIrNa jaina upAkhyAna RSS sa Upara kI maMjila meM ukIrNa jaina upAkhyAna ke dRshy|

Page #111
M MAL nIce kI majila me eka darabAna kI mUrti .33 me/ Desolonom/ N ManAN * / Panta UparI manjila meM utkIrNa jaina upAkhyAna

Page #112
choTo hAthI guphA khaeDagiri udayAra .. ... , - bhacapurI yA svargapurI guphA (banDagiri udayagiri)

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ardeesekshiRNE N video barAmade me dakSiNa pArzva para nArI darabAna CAMER : khaDagiri udayagiri parvata para utkIrNa tothekara mUrtiyA~

Page #114
zrI di. jaiA mandira kaTaka kI dhAtmaya jina pratimAye / Tara Rapp caudvAra madira me jina mUrti / 3 (pAma me DaoN0 sAhuko mAtA zrI annam baiThI hai) 1 annA EME50/ Hima E

Page #115
bha0 pArzvanAtha kI mUrti (kaTaka ke jaina madira meM sthita) me : SAR prathama aura antima tIrthakara kI matiyA~ (di. jaina madira kaTaka) zrI svapnezvara zivamandira me ma0 RSabhadeva kI mUrti

Page #116
yam R . antaraa ORK . adminine bha0 padmaprabha kI mUrti (jana maTha kaTaka) NREAK Prabar R SHARRERARMISH RASE nI PRANRNERRORE DRON M 400080804 SES 6 zrI sahasrakaTa jina caitya (kTaka ke jaina madira meM) caradvAra mAtAjI ke mandira me RSabhadeva kI marti (shaivmaanytaa|

Page #117
bha0 pArzvanAtha kI mUrti (ayodhyA-nIlagiri jilA bAlAsora)

Page #118
saxvdo Raicti tIrthakara eva zAsanadevI ko muurtiyaaN| (ayodhyA-nIlagiri jilA bAlAsora se prApta) bha0 pArzvanAtha kI mUrti bha0 RSabha kI mati (ayodhyA-nIlagiri jilA bAlAsora se) (ayodhyA-nIlagiri jilA bAlAsora se prApta)

Page #119
atasa pura se upalabdha jaina mUrti bha0 RSabha, bha0 pArzvanAtha aura bha, mahAvIra kI pApANa muurtiyaaN| (mayUrabhaja me prApta)

Page #120
kaTaka kA prAcIna di0 jaina madira

Page #121
W kaTaka ke prAcIna di0 jaina maMdira me virAjamAna tIrthaGkara 40 ke caitya 1

Page #122
se Upara jAne para pahale khaNDagiri guphAmeM praveza karanA par3atA hai / guphAkI nicalI maMjilameM jo prakoSTa hai, usakI U~cAI 6 phITa 2 inca hai / prora UparI maMjila kI UcAI 4 phITa inva hai| isake alAvA nIce kI maMjila meM eka choTI TUTI-phUTI guphA hai / UparI maMjila ke prakoSTa ke nikaTa meM eka choTI koTharI mAlUma paDatI hai / usa choTI guphA meM patita pAvana kI mUrti kita hai| khaNDagiri guphAke dakSiNa tarapha dhAnagaDha nAmaka eka dUsarI guphA hai| usa guphA meM sthita zilAlekha bhAjataka bhI par3hA vahI gayA hai / yaha mAThavI yA navI zatAbdI meM likhA gayA hai ; aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| isake dakSiNa dizA kI pora navamuni guphA, bArabhuji guphA aura trizUla guphA hai / navamuni guphA meM do prakoSTha haiN| isa guphA meM 10 vI zatAbdI kA eka zilAlekha hai| isameM jainamuni zubhacandra kA nAma ullekha kiyA hai / guphA ke dakSiNa pArzva meM sthita jainiyoke 24 veM tIrthaMkara kI mUrti khodI gaI hai / yahI navamuni guphAkI vizeSatA hai / jainadharma meM hama loga sAdhAraNata 24veM tIrthaMkara kA sadhAna pAte hai / unakohI navamuniguphAmeM rUpadAna kiyA gayA hai| sabo kI etihAsika sthiti tathA pramANa pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| una kI jovanI aneka samaya se kalpanika aura rahasya janaka hai / yaha bAta hameM jainazAstra se pratIta hotI hai / bahuta dino taka jIvita rahakara ye tIrthaMkara jainadharmakI ahiMsA vANI kA pracAra kiye the | inhI 24 so ke jIvana kAla kI ghaTanA ko ekatrita karane para bhArata kA prAcIna aitihAsika kAla aitihAsika buga se bhI bhAge baDha jAyagA / isaliye kitane tIrthaMkara samasAmayika the aise kitano kA vicAra hai, para vaha ThIka nahI hai / jainadharma meM ye tIrthaMkara sadA pUjanIya hai| jaina tIrtha sthAno maiM jo 24 tIrthaMkaro kI sthApanA huI hai, unako eka prakAra --106-

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sammAna pradarzana karane ke lie, kintu mandira meM unake bIca eka mUlanAyaka ke nAma se svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| dhanya jainiyoM ke dvArA vahI mUlanAyaka pariveSThita hokara mukhya pUjA pAte haiM / ve hI mUlanAyaka kahakara mandira meM pradhAna devatA kahe jAte the| maMdira meM jinendra kI uccAsanA hI jainadharma kA parampacAgata nyAya hai / navamuni guphA meM pAzvanAtha ko mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM pUjA kI jAtI hai / yaha 24 jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke mAnasika vikAra aura indriyoMko jaya karanese hI jaina dharmAvalamviyokA namasya huA hai| jaina logoMne sanyAsI vratako zAMtimaya jIvanakA pradhAna pada samajhakara grahaNa kiyA thaa| jaina tIrthaMkara padmAsana yA kArbotsarga mudrA meM sthita hokara ziva kI mUrti ke samAna dikhAI dete hai / yaha sAdRzya marthahIna nahIM hai / kintu yahI sAdRzya ko kendra kara hama kaha sakate hai ki jainiyo ke yaugika cAlambanako abalamva karake ziva kI pratimUtti gaThita huI hai| yaha inhI jainatIrthaMkaro ke bhinnara cinha hai / pratyekakA yakSa aura yakSiNI yA zAzana devatA aura jJAna prApta vRkSa bhI bhinna bhinna haiN| kitane hI jinendra unake vaza ke pratIka ko cinha ke rUpa meM grahaNa karane se anUmita hote haiM / dRSTAnta svarUpa ikSvAku pakSa RSabha ke pratIka rUpa meM vyavahAra karate the / RSabhanAthake isI vaMza meM janmalene ke kAraNa vRSama unakA cinha huA hai / usI prakAra munisuvrata aura neminAtha kA 'canha kramazaH kUrma bhIra zastra hai / prathama tIrthaMkara maura yAdi jina RSabhanAtha ke saMbadha meM kimbadantiyA~ prora bhrAkhyAyikAyeM hai jo unameM satyAsatya jAnane kA upAya nahIM hai| jainiyo ke itihAsameM bhI inhI RSabhanAtha yA vRSabhanAthako hI jainadharmakA saMsthApaka mAnate haiM aisaha varNana kiyA jAtA hai| digambaro kA Adi purAna aura hemacandra - 107

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kA 'triSaSTi zAlAkA puruSa caritra' meM yaha varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhAgavata purANa aura agni purANAdi meM vRSabhavAna kI viSNukA pravatAra kahA gayA hai| kintu prakRta meM dekhane para RSabhadeva kA zivake sAtha bahuta sAdRzya dikhAI par3atA hai / 'kintu RSabhanAtha jainadharmake pracAraka na the, aisA sandeha hone kA koI kAraNa nahI hai / isalie bailako unakA cinha tathA gaumukhe yakSako bailakI prAkRtipara aura dakSiNI cakrezvarIko vaiSNo ke samAna dikhAne kI ceSTAmeM zilpIne mAlUma hotA hai kalpanA kI ki RSabhanAtha ziva aura viSNu se baDe haiM / RSabhanAtha kI pratimA ke samparka me jainiyo ke zAstro me vizeSa varNana kucha nahI hai / to bhI pravacana sAroddhArase mAlUma paDatA hai ki baila jainiyo kA prathama pratIka thA / dharmacakra unakA dUsarA pratIka hai / unhone nyagrodha yA vaTavRkSa ke nIce jJAna prApta kiyA thA / unakI pratimUrti ke dono pArzva me kramazaH bharata bAhubalI nAmase do pUjaka hote hai / ina caubIsa tIrtha rokA vizeSa paricayanimna prakAra praDhime: 1 tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva va mAdrinAtha, janmasthAna-binItAtI pitA-nAbhirAjA mAtA marudevI, vimAna- sarvArthasiddha, varNasuvarNAbha, kevalavRkSa nyagrodha, lAJchana- vRSa yakSa gomukha, pakSIcakrezvarI praticakra, cauridhAraka- bharata mora bAhubalI nirvANa sthala- kailAza (aSTApada) garbha jhaSAr3ha baDhI 2 janma va tapa caiya badI 6 kevala jJAna phAlguna vadI 11 nirvANa mAgha vadI 14 2 tIrthaMkara-majitanAtha janmasthAna- ayodhyA, pitA- jitazatru mAtA vijayamAtA vimAna vijaya, varNa-svarNIsa, kevalakSa-zAna saprakhaDa lAchana- gaja, yakSa mahAyakSa, yakSI - ajita vAlA (20) rohiNI (di0) caurIdhAraka sagara-bakrI, nirvANa sthAna sa0zi0 garbha jeTha vadI 15, janma va tapa mAgha sudI 10, kevala jJAna - 108

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(di0) cabaMrIdhAraka- tripiSTarAja, mi0 sthala sa0vi0 garbha jeTha vadI 8, janma va tapa phA0 badI 11, kevala jJAna sAtha badI 15 nirvANa zrAvaNa sudI 15 12 tIrthaMkara-vAsupUjya, janmasthAna- campApurI, pitA-vasupUjya mAtA jayA, vimAna praNata devaloka, varNa- raktAbha, kevalabulapATalika va kadama, lAkhana- mahiSI, yakSa-kumAra, yakSI-pracaNDa (zve0) caNDa (zve0), gAndhArI (di0), parIvAraka -dvipiNDa vAsudeva, ni0 sthAna mandAragiri garbha praSADavadI 6 janma va tapa phA0 vadI 14 kevalajJAna mAdoM badI 2 nirvANa bhAdosudI 14 13 tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha, janmasthAna-kAmpilyapura (pharakhAvAra) pitA - kRtavarmArAja, mAtA- zyAmA, vimAna mahAzara devaloka, varNa-svarNAbha, kevalabukSa- jambU, lAkhana- barAha, yakSa- sammukha (zve0) zvetam ( di0 ), yakSI - vijayA (zve0), viditA (dave0) roti ( di0) cabarIdhAraka svayam vAsudeva, ni0 sthAna 0 zi0 garbha jeTha badI 10 janma va tapa mAgha sudI 14 kevala jJAna mAgha sudI 6 nirvANa prASAr3ha badI 6 14 tI. anatajita prathavA anantanAtha janmasthAna- prayodhyA, pitAsiMhasena, mAtA suyazA, vimAna praNata devaloka, varNa-svarNAbha, kevalavRkSa azoka yA mazvattha, lAMchana-zvena (zve0) bhalluka ( di0 ), yakSa-pAtAla, yakSI - prAMkuzA (zve0), anantamati ( di.), cavarIdhAraka - puruSottama vAsudeva, ni0 sthAna sa0zi0 garbha kArtika vadI 1 janma va tapa jeTha vadI 12 kevala jJAna kSetra vadI 15 nirvANa caitra vadI 4 15 tIrthaMkara - dharmanAtha, janmasthAna ratnapurI, pitA-bhAnurAja, mAtA suvratA, vimAna- vijaya, varNa svarNAbha, kevalavakSa daSipati yA saptacchada, lAMchana- vajradaMDa, yakSa- kinnara, yakSI - pannagA devI (zve0), kandapI (zve0) mAnasI (di0), cavarIdhAraka -111 -

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puNDarika vAsudeva ni0 sthAna sa0zi0 garbha vaisAkha sudaura 'janma -tapa mAgha sudo 13 kevala jJAna poha sudI 15 nirvANa jeTha sudo 4 16 bIrthaGkara zAtinAtha, janmasthAna hastinApura, pitA-vizva. sena,mAtA macirA yA airA vimAna-sarvArtha siddha,varNa-svarNAbha, kevala vRkSa-nadI,lAchana-mRga,yakSa-garuDa (zke0),kiMpuruSa (di0) yakSI-nirvANI (zve0). mahAmAnasI (di.)cavarIdhAraka. puruSa dantarAja, mi0 sthAna sa0 zi0 garbha bhAdo vadI 7 janma va tapa jeTha vadI 14 kevala jJAna poha sudI 10 nirvANa jeTha vadI 14 17 tIrthaGkara-kunthunAtha, janmasthAna-gajapura, pitA-surarAja, mAtA-zrIrANI, vimAna-sarvArthasiddha varNa-svarNAbha, kevalavRkSa tilakataru yA bhillaka, lAchana-praja yakSa-gandharva, yakSIacyutA (zve0)valA (zve.), vijayA (di0),navarIdhAraka. kunAla, ni0 sthAna sa. zi. garbha zrAvaNa vadI 10 janma va tapa vaisAkha sudI 1 kevala jJAna caitra sudI3 nirvANavaisA0su01 18 tIrthaGkara arahanAtha, janmasthAna gajapura, pitA-sudarzana, mAtA devIrANI, vimAna sarvArthasiddha, varNa-svarNAbha, kevala. vRkSa-pAmra, lAchana-nandyAvarta (zve0) mIna (di.) yakSa-yakSeta (di0), zvendra (di0), yakSI-dharaNI devI (zve0), ajitA (di0), tArA (di0),cavaMrIdhAraka.govindarAja, ni0 sthala sa. zi0 garbha phAguna sudI 3 janma va tapa magasara sudI 14 kevala jJAna kArtika sudI 12 nirvANa caitra sudI 11 19 tIrthaGkara-mallinAtha, janmasthAna-mithilA yA mathurA, pitA-kubharAja, mAtA-prabhAvatI.vimAna-jayanta devaloka,varNanIlAbha, kevalavukSa-azoka, lAchana-kalasa, yakSa kuvera; yakSI-vairAtI zve0) dharaNa priyA(zve);paparA jitA[di.] -112

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'UMrIdhAraka - sulumarAja; ni0 sthAna sa0 zi0 garbha. caitra - sudI 1 janma va tapa magasara sudI 11 kevala jJAna poha badI 2 nirvANa phAguna sudI 5 20. tIrthaMkara munisuvrata; janmasthAna - rAjagRha; pitAsumatirAja; mAta - padmAvatI; vimAna aparAjita deva loka, varNa-kRSNAbha, kevalavRkSa- campaka, lAchana kUrma; yakSa - baruNa; yakSI - naradattA (zve0) bAhulIpANi (di0), caurIdhAraka prajita ni0 sthAna sa0 zi0 garbha zrAvaNa vadI 2 janma va tapa vaisAkha vadI 10 kevala jJAna vaisAkha vadI 6 nirvANa phAguna vadI 12 21 tIrthaMkara_naminAtha; janma sthAna- mithilA pitA - vijaya rAja, mAtA- viprArANI, vimAna - praNata devaloka, varNa- pItAbha, kevalavRkSa- vakula, lAchananIlotpala, ( zve0 ) prazokavRkSa ( di0) yakSa- bhRkuTi ( zve 0 ) naMdiNa ( di0 ), yakSI - gAMdhAra (zve0) cAmuDI ( di0 ) caurIdhAraka ( vijaya rAja ) ni0 sthAna sa0 zi0 garbhaM grAsIja vadI 2 janma va tapa ASAr3ha vadI 10 kevala jJAna magasira sudI 11 nirvANa vaisAkha vadI 14 22 tIrthaMkara_nemInAtha, janmasthAna saurIpura vA dvArakA; pitA samudravijaya; mAtA zivAdevI, vimAna gharAjitA, varNa-kRSNAbha, kevala vRkSa mahAveNu vetasA ; lAchana- zakha, yakSa - gomegha ( zve0 ) sarvAhaNa - ( di0) puSpayAna di) yakSI - amA, ambikA kuSmANiDanI, caurIdhAraka ugrasena, ni0 sthAna girinAra ( raivataka), garbha kArtika sudI 6 janma va tapa zrAvaNa sudI 6 kevala jJAna prAsoja sudI 1 ASADha sudI 8 23 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha, janmasthAna_vArANasI; pitA - 110 Q

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azvasena sAjA, mAtA-vAmAdevI,, vimAna praNata devalokA varNa-nIlAma, kevalavRkSa-devadAru yA dhAtakI; lAchanasarpa, yakSa-pArzva (zve0) vA dharajendra (di.) yakSI-padmA vatI, caurIdhAraka-ajitarAja, ni0 sthAna sa0 zikhira garbha vaisAkha vadI 2 janma va tapa po. vadI 11 kevala jJAna caitra badI 4 zrAvaNa sudI 7 24. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra vA badhamAna; janmasthAna-kur3agrAma pitA-sidArtharAja yA bheyAsa vA yazasvI; mAtAtrizalA; videhadattA vA priyakAriNI, vimAna-praNata devaloka, varNa-pItAbha, kevalavakSa-zAla , laoNchana -siMha; yakSa-mAtaga, yakSo-siyikA, caurIdhAraka-preNika yA bimbasAra ni0 sthAna pAvApura garbha aSAr3ha sudI 6 janma va tapa caitra sudI 13 kevala jJAna magasira vadI 10 baisAkha sudI 10 nirvANa kArtika vadI 15 24 yakSa mA zAsana devatAmoM kA vizada varNana (jainadharma ke abhyutthAna ke sAtha2 bhAratiyo kA lokavizvAsa aura sAhityika paraparAme yakSa logo kA eka goSTIgata bhAvameM yahA astitva thaa| jana vizvAsake mutAbika indradeva caubIsa tIrthakaro kI sevA ke liye 24 yakSo ko zAsana devatA ke svarUpa niyukta karate haiN| pratyeka tIrthakarake dAhine pAva meM yakSamati kI pratiSThAkI jAtI hai) 1 yakSa (zAsana devatA)-gomukha, zvetAbamra saMketa-varadAmudrA jayamAlA aura kuThAra digambara saMketa-mastakapara dharmacakra kA pratirUpa, vAhana-vRkSa (zve.), gaja (di.), tIrthakaraRSabhadeva yA AdinAtha, 2 yakSa (zAsana devatA)-mahAkSa, zvetAmbara saketa-caturmukha aura praSTabAhu, varadA,gadA, jayamAlA,pAza,nibu, abhaya, aMkuza, -114

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mudrA, phala aura jayamAlA, bAhana kUrma, tIrthakura - suvidhinAtha yA puSpadaMta 10 yakSa ( zAsana devatA) brahmA, zvetAmbara, saketa - caturmukha trinetra, aSTabAhu nibuphala, gadA, pArzva, abhaya, nakula, aizvarya sUcaka, daNDa, kuza, aura jayamAlA, digambara saketa- caturmukha trinetra, aSTabAhu, dhanu, yaSThi, DhAla, khaDaga, aura varadA mudrA, vAhana - padma tIrthaGkara zItalanAtha 11 yakSa ( zAsana devatA ) Izvara ( di0) vA yakSeta ( zve0 ) zvetAmbara saketa - trinetra, caturvAhu, nevalA, jayamAlA, yaSThi aura phala digambara saketa - trinetra, caturbAhu trisUla, yaSTi, jaya+ mAlA aura phala, vAhana vRSabha tIrthakara zreyazanAtha, 12 yakSa ( zAsana devatA) kumAra, zvetAmbara saketa caturbAhu, niMbu, zara, nakula aura dhanu digambara saketa trizira, SaDa hasta, dhanu, nakula, phala, gadA aura vara mudrA, bAhana - zvetahasa, tIrthaMkaravAsupUjya 13 yakSa ( zAsana devatA ) sammukha (zve) yA zvetammu ( di0) zvetAmbara saketa - SaDAnana, dvAdazavAhu, phala, thAlinA zara, khaDaga, pAza jayamAlA, nakula, cakra. baghana phala, aMkuza maura abhaya mudrA, digambara saketa- caturmukha, aSTabAhu, kuThAra, cakra, talavAra, DhAla aura yaSTi Adi vAhana mayUra, tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha 14 yakSa ( zAsana devatA ) pAtAla, zvetAmbara saketa trimukha, SaDavAhu, padma, khaDaga, pAza, nakula phala, aura jayamAlA. digambara saketa - trimukha, baDabAhu, akuza varcchA, dhanu, rajju, lagala, phala aura triphalA viziSTa sApakA eka candrAtapa. vAhana susu tIrthaMkara anaMtajita thA anaMtanAtha, 15 yakSa ( zAsana devatA ) kinnara zvetAmbara saketa - trimukha, SaDavAhu, niva; aizvarya sUcaka, daNDa, abhaya, nakula, padma praura - 116 -

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ammAlA; digambara saketa bhimukha, padabAhu, mAbija aMkuza, jayamAlA mora sarada mudrA, vAhana-karma (zkela)-mIna (di0) tIrthakara-barmanAtha; 16. yakSa (zAsana devatA)-garuDa (ve.)mA, kipuruSa(di.) zvetAmbara saketa-niva, padama, nakula aura jayamAlA digaMbara saMketa---sarpa,pAza aura manuSa, bamhanA, baraha (ne..) majA (di.)tIpaMkara-zAMtimAya, 25. yama(zAsana devatA)-gandharva, zvetAmbara sakesa- stubAhu gharada mudrA, pAza , niMbu , aMkuza, digambara saketa....sarpa, pAyA aura dhanuSa, vAhana-vihagama , (di0)hasa (zve.)tIyaMkara kumanAma 18. yakSa (zAsana devatA)-yakSeta (sve.) kA sveddha (di.) zvetAmbara saketa-paDAnana dvAdazabAhu , niMbu zara, sar3ama, mavA; pAza, abhaya mudrA, makula, nakula, manu, phala, bI , akuza aura jayamAlA digambara saketa-SaDAnana, bAdazabAhu, baja pAza; gadA, akuza, baradA mudrA, phala, zaramaura puSpahAra; vAhana-kambu (di0) mayUra zve.) tIrthakara-maranAtha 16. makSa ( zAsana devatA) kubera, zvetAmbarasaketa-caturmukha aSTabAhu, varadA, kuThAra varNI, abhaya , niMbu zakti, gadA aura jayamAlA, digambara saketa--cadurmukha ; aSTabAhu, DhAla, dhanu, yaSTi, paba, bar3ama, kAlimA, pAsa aura dharatA munna, bahana gaja; tIrthakara-mallinAtha 2. (zAsana devatama) - varuNa; svetAra saMketa-citra yATazira, baTAkuta keza, paSThabAhaniMbU, aizvarya sUcaka daMDa; zara, rA, kuna, papa, anuSa, bhora kumAra, disambara saketa-trinetra, aSTasira, bATAvRkSa keSa, kartubaha DhAkA sahapa phala bhora karamA mAgAhamA jIrthakara-mussuibata 26. yama (zAsana devasa) bhUkuTI (sve) yA dima dila

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zvetAmbara saMketa caturmukha, praSTabAhu, niMbu, varcchA, aizvaryaM sUcaka, daDa, kuThAra; nakula ; vajra, jayamAlA, digambara saketacaturmukha; praSTabAhu ; DhAla; khaDaga, dhanuzara, prankuza; padma; yAlimA, aura varadA, vAhana - vRSabha, tIrthaMkara nAmInAtha ; 22. yakSa ( zAsana devatA ) - gomegha ( zve) yA sarvAhaNa ( di0) thA puSpajAna ( di0) zvetAmbara saMketa - trimukha, SaDabAhu; kalambu; kuThAra ; yAlimA, nakula, trizUla; prora varcchA; digamrara saketa - trimukha, SaDabAhu, hAtuDI, kuThAra, yaSTi, phala vajra aura varadA mudrA, vAhana mudrA-nara (zve) puSpasya ( di0) tIrthaMkara_nemInAtha 23 yakSa ( zAsana devatA) pAzvaM (zve0 ) yA dharajendra (di0) zvetA saketa - sarpAkAra, catuMbAhu, nakula, sarpa nibU pora sarpa, digambara saketa-sarpAkuti, sarpa, pAza aura varadA, vAhana karma, tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 24 yakSa ( zAsana devatA ) mAtantra, zvetAmbara saketa - dravivAha nakula, aura niMbu, digambara saketa - dravivAhu varadA mudrA aura niMbU, mastakopari carmacakra saketa, vAhana - gaja, tIrthaMkaramahAvIra yA pArzvanAtha, 24 bakSa yA zAsana deviyoM kA varNana [ yakSI yA yakSa mUrti pratyeka tIbaMkara ke bAye cAzvame rakhI jAtI hai) 1 yakSI yA yakSa- RSabhadeva yA prAdinAtha, zvetAmbara saketa. bhraSTabAhu, varadA mudrA zara thAliyA, pAza, dhanu, vajra aura akuza, digambara saketa - dvAdaza yA cartubAhu, mrATha thAliyAM, mibaphala, varadA mudrA aura do vajra, vAhana garuDa, yakSI yA yakSa - cakrezvarI (zve) yA mapraticakra di. 2. yakSI yA yakSa- prajitanAtha, zvetAmbara saketa - varadA mudrA pAza, turanjaphala, aura prakuza, digambara saketa_varadA, abhaya -115

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mudrA, zaMkha dhaura thalimA, vAhana bIhAhana ( di0) vRSabha zve 0 bakSI yA yakSa, prajita vAlA (zve0 ) yA rohiNI [di0] 3. yakSI yA yakSa-saMbhavanAtha, zvetAmbara sakaita cartubAha, varadA, jayamAlA, phala aura prabhaya mudrA, digambara saMketa-Sar3a bAhu, candrAkuti viziSTa kuThAra, phala, khaDakha dhora varadA, mudrA se suzobhita, vAhana - meSa ( (ve 0 ) mayura ( di0 ) yakSI -- duritAri (zve 0 ) yA prajJapti (di0 ) 4. yakSI - abhinandana nAma, zvetAmbara saketa -- cartubAhu, varadA, pAza, sarpa, aura akuza, digambara saMketa- catUMbAhu, sarpa pAza, jayamAlA caura phala, vAhana - haMsa ( di0) padma (ive 0 ) yakSI - kalikA (zve 0 ) vajra zukhalA (di0) 5 yakSI - sumatinAtha zvetAmbara saMketa cartubAhu, varadA, pArzva parpa, dhaura prakuza digambara saMketa - cartubAhu, pAza jayamAlA prosa phala, vAhana hasa ( di0) padma ( zve0 ) yakSI mahAkAlI (zve 0 ) pulavadattA (di0 ) 6. yakSI padmaprabha, zvetAmbara saketa - cartubAhu, zArada, vINA, dhanu aura abhayA, mudrA, digambara saMketa- cartubAhu, khaDaga, barcchA phala, aura varamudrA, vAhana nara (zve0 ) azva ( di0) yakSI - pracyutA (zve 0 ) zyAmA (zve0) aura manavegA ( di0) - 7 yakSI - supArzvanAtha, zvetAmbara saMketa - baradA, jayamAlA, baccha, ra abhayamudrA, digambara saMketa trizUla phala, barada aura ghaTI, vAhana-gaja (zve0) vRSabha ( di0) yahI ( zAtA) (zve 0 ) kAlI (di0) --- 8 yakSI - candraprabha, zvetAmbara saMketa- khaDaga dhanu, gadA, vaccha baura kuThAra, digambara saketa thAliyA, zara, pAza, DhAla, trizUla khaDaga dhanu, prAdi, vAhana - mArjA (zve 0 ) haMsa (zve 0 ) maheza di0) yakSI kuTI (zve 0 ) yA jvAlamAlinA - 116 MAZON -

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yA mAnasI ( di0) 16 yakSI - zAMtinAtha, zvetAmbara sapheda caturbAhu, pustaka, padma, kamaNDala aura padminI, mukula divambara, saketa thAlI, phala, khar3aga aura varada, vAhana-padama (zve), kekI ( di0) yakSI (nirvANI ) ( zve0) yA mahAmAnasI ( di0) 17. yakSI kuthunAtha bAlA (zve0) yA. acyutA (zve0 ) yA vijayA ( di0) zvetAmbara suketa- caturvAhu, turaMja, phala, barcchA, musali, padma, digambara saketa sakha, khaDagu, thAlI aura varadAmudrA, vAhana mayura (zve 0 ) kRSNa, zUkara ( di0) yakSI bAlA (zve0) yA pracyutA (zve0) yA vijayA (di0) 18 yakSI dharanAtha, zvetAmbara saketa- caturvAhu, nibuphala, padma yugala, jayamAlA - digambara saketa-sarpa, vajra mRga aura baradAmudrA,' vAhana - padma ( zve 0 ) hasa (di0) yakSI - dharaNI (ive 0 ) yA para1 (di0) 16 yakSI mallinAtha, zvetAmbara suketa varadA, japamAlA, niMbu aura zakti, digambara saketa - niMbu, khar3aga, zala dhaura baradA mudrA, vAhana - padma (i0 ) kezarI (di0) yakSI vairotA (zve0 ) aparAjitA ( di0) + 470 20 yakSI - munisuvrata, zvetAmbara saketa- caturvAhu, varadA, japamAlA niMbu, trizUla yA kunbha divambara saketa DhAla, phala, khar3aga Y 7 C aura varadAmudrA, vAhana - mudrAsana (0) kRSNa sarpa (di0 ). yakSI - naradattA (zve0) yA bahurUpiNI (di.) 21 yakSI - namInAtha, zvetAmbara, saketa- caturvAha, varadAmudrA, khar3aga, nibuphala, paura va digambara, saketa- japamAlA, yaSTi, DhAla aura khar3aga vAhana- ha~sa (zve0) susra (di0) yakSI gAdhArI (zve0) yA cAmuMDA (di) 22 yakSI neminAtha, svetAmvara saMketa mAtra venvA pA zizu aura akuza digambara saketa- grAmra ? penthA ghora zizu, # - 111

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bAhana-kezarI (zve.) yakSI-ambikA mA kuSmANDI (zve.) yA pAmrA (di.) 23. yakSI yA yakSa-pArzvanAtha, zvetAmbara (saketa-padma pAza, phala aura akuza, digambara saMketa (ka) caturvAhu honese akuza, padma yugala (zve.) SaDvAhu honese, pAza khaDaga,cakra, varNI, vakracadra gadA aura yaSTi (ga) aSTavAhu honese pAza bhAdi (gha) catuviza vAhu honese zakha,khaDaga, cakra, vakracandra, padma nIlanalinI, dhanuSa, varNI, pAza, ghaTI, kuzacAsa, zara, yaSTi, DhAla, kuThAra, trizUla, vajra, puSpahAra, phala, gadA, patra, vR ta, varadAmudrA Adi 24 yakSI-mahAvIra yA vardhamAna, zvetAmbara saketa-caturvAhu, pustaka, niMbu phala, abhaya mudrA aura pustaka, digambara saketaparadAmudrA aura pustaka, vAhana- kezarI (zve0) (di0) yakSI siddhayikA navagraha yA jyotiSka devoM kA varNana 1. aMcala-pUrva,jyotiSkadeva-sUrya, vAhana saptAzva cAlita thara zvetAmbara saketa- padma yugala digambara saMketa-+ + 2 acala-dakSiNa, pUrva viSka-zukra, vAhana, sarpa (zve.) svetAmbara saketa-kubha digambara sakena-triranga sUtra, sapaM, pAza, bhora japamAlA 3. acala-dakSiNa, jyotiSka deva-magala, vAhana-pRthvI (zve0) svetAmbara saketa-mutakhanana yatra varada, vI , trizUla, gadA, digambara saMketa- kevala vo, 4. aMcala-dakSiNa; pazcima; jyotiSkadeva-rAhu, vAhanakezarI (zve0) zvetAmbara saketa-kuThAra digambara saketavaijayantI, 5. acala-pazcima; jyotiSka deva-zani, vAhana. karma; khetAmbara saMketa kuThAra, digambara saketa-triranga sUtra; -122

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6. acala-uttara; pazcima jyotiSka deva.candra ; bAhana daza azvadvArA pAkhita pa zvetAmbara saketa-amRta pUrNa kama, digambara saMketa-ajJAta; 7. aMcala-uttara; jyotiSka deva-yuSa, vAhana-haMsa (zve.) siMha (zve.); zvetAmbara saMketa-pustaka; khaDaga ; DhAla, gadA, parada, digambara saketa-ajJAta 8. acala-uttara pUrva,jyotiSkadeva-bRhaspativAhana-haMsa (zve.) padma (di.) zvetAmbara saMketa- pustaka; japamAlA; yaSTi, kamaDala, varada; digambara saketa-pustaka; kamaMDala, aura japamAlA; acala-zAsana ke liye khAsa acala nahIM hai, jetiSka deva-ketu, vAhana-gokhara sarpa (zve0); zvetAmbara saketagokhara sarpa, digambara saMketa... prajJAta bhUtanI (sarasvatI) aura SoDaza vidyAdevI kA varNana (yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki zrutadevI yA sarasvatI samastavidyA kI pradhiSThAtrI haiN| dUsare deva deviyo ke pahale unakI pUjA samAja hotI hai| kArtika mAsa zukla paMcamI tithI meM jaina loga unakI mArAdhanAke liye eka vizeSa utsava prAyojana karate haiM aura unase yaha utsava jJAna pacamI kahI jAtI hai) 1. devI-zrutadevI yA sarasvatI vAhana-hasa (zve. )kekI (di.) zvetAmbara saketa-caturvAha; padma (varadA yA vAdyayatra sitAra) pustaka, japamAlA, digambara saketa-zvetAmbara saMketakA sadRza 1. devI-rohiNo, vAhana-go (zve0) zvetAmbara saketa-zakha; japamAlA; dhanuSa aura zara; digambara saketa-kuMma; zakha,padama bhora phala 3. devI-prajApani; vAhana-mayUra (zve.) zvetAmbara saMketapadma; vaz2a, cirada; niMbuphala; digambara sata-khar3aga aura thAnI

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4. devI vajrAkuza, vAhana-maja ( sve0) vimAna (di0) zvetAmbara sa keta-khaNDaga; bajra ; DhAla; varcchA, varada, niMbu phala, aMkuza, digambara sa keta prakuza, aura vAdya yaMtra sitAra 5. devIpratipatra (zve 0 ) yA ambunadA ( di0) vAhanagaruDa (0), mayUra ( di0), zvetAmbara saketa catuvahu maiM thAlI, digambara se keta-khaDaga aura varcchA, 6 devI - puruSadattA - bAhana - mahiSa ( zve0 ) ; madhUra ( di0) zvetAmbara sa ke khaDhaga; DhAla, varada aura nibuphala, digambara sa ke vajra aura padma -- 7. devI kAlI, vAhana - mRga ( di0 ) ; padma ( zve0 ) ; zvetAmbara saMketa dvivAhu honese varada dhaura gadAdhAraNa caturvAhu honese japamAlA, gadA, vajra aura abhayamudrA, digambara sa ke khaDaga aura (yaSTi se hasta prazobhita ) G.. devI-mahAkAlI ; vAhana - nara ( zve 0 ), zava di0 ) ; belAmbara saketa - japamAlA, bajra ghaTI prora zrabhaya; digam barasa ke padma 6, devI- gaurI; vAhana - kubhIra (zve 0 ) ( di0) ; zvetAmbara saketa - caturbAhu ; varada, gadA, japamAlA; sthala padma; digambara sa ke padma 10. devI gAndhArI, vAhana-padma ( zve0) kUrma ( di0) : - zvetAmbara saketa yaSTi; vajra, varada, prabhaya; mudrA, digambara sa ke khaDaga aura thAlI * , - 11. devI - mahA jvAlA yA mAlinI, vAhana mArjAra (zve 0 ) zukara ( zve0), mahiSa ( di0 ), zvetAmbara sa keva vaha astradhArI, digambara sa kreta-dha; DhAla; bar3aga mora vAlI 12. devI - mAnavI; vAhana-padma ( zve0 ) : zukara ( di0) / zvetAmbara sa keta- caturbAhu, varadA; jayamAlA maura bRkSazAlA - 124

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dika-pazcima,kipAla-bauNa,vAhana zizumAra(di.)(zve0) mIna (zve.)zvetAmbara saketa-pAza aura pratirUpaka svarUpa ke-sAgara dhAraNa digambara sa keta-muktA,zavAla se khIcita aura pAza dhAraNa 6. dika uttara-pazcima dikapAla-vAyU, vAhana-mRga (zve.) (di0) zvetAmbara sa keta-vajra mora vaijayatI,digamvara sa keta kASThAstra 7. dika-uttara, dikapAla-kuvera, vAhana-nara (zve0) ratha(di.) zvetAmbara sa keta ratna aura mudgara digambara sa keta-dvivAhu bananA caturvAhu puSpaka vimAnameM pArohaNa 8. dika-uttara pUrva-dikapAla-IzAna,vAhana-vRSabha (zve0) (da0) zvetAmbara sa keta-dhanu, trizUla, sarpa, digambara sa keta dhanuSa, trizUla, sarpa maura khaparI, 8. dika- pravIcala, dikapAla-brahmA, vAhana-hasa (zve.) jvetAmbara saketa-caturvAhu, pustaka aura padma, digambara sa keta 10. dika-pAtAla, dikapAla nAga, vAhana-padma (zve.) zvetAmbara sa keta-hAyameM sarpa dhAraNa digambara saketa-ajJAta katipaya vikSipta devaveviyokA varNana 1. deva-harinegameSIyA naigameza (sannAga janmavara pradAnakArI) vAhana ajJAta, zvetAmbara sa keta- chAgabazira digamlara saketa ajJAta 2. deva-kSetrapAla [kSetrarakSAkArI) vAhana-zvAna (zve0) zvetAmbara saketa-aTA, keza, sarpa, pavitra, upavIta, vizavAyu astra se sajjita SaDvAhu honese mudgara pAza. Dambaru, dhanuSa, akuza aura gairikadhAraNa, digambara sa keta-ajJAta 3. deva-gaNeza catunItha, vAhana mUSika (zve0) zvetAmbara sa keta-hasto ko sakhyA, dose cAra, 6, 7, 12 paura 112

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saka ravartana hotA hai; kuThAya; varada, modaka paura pamaya, digambara saMketa-majJAta 4. zrI yA lakSmI (dhanadevI) vAhana-gaja (zve0) zvetAmbara saketa.- nalinI, digambara sa keta-caturbAhuH puSpa paura padma 5. deva- zAMtideva ; vAhana-padma (zve0) zvetAmbara sa ketacaturbAhu ; varada, japamAlA,kamaDalu maura kalasa digambara sketprjnyaat| isa prakAra jainakalAmeM mAyojita devI devatApoMkA viva. raNa hai / aba hama yahA~ para jainakalA para mAlocanAtmaka dRSTipAta karanA bhI prAbazyaka samajhate haiM / nissandeha bhAratIya saMskRtike dIrgha itihAsa meM jainakalA aura saMskRti eka avicchedya aGga hai| likhita kitAva chor3akara jitane taraha ke sthApatya aura bhAskayaM kebIca jaina kalAva saskRti kA paricaya milatA hai,use vizleSaNa karane se janadharmake bAreme bahutase tathya mAlUma hojAte hai / kalAhI eka tarahakI sArvajanika bhASA hai / jisake mAdhyamamejanasAdhAraNa dharma ke bAre meM bahuta bAteM jAna sakate hai / ina vividhi prakArake kalA kArya vividha dharmAvalambI bahutase amIroM aura rAjAoM kI anukUlatAse racita hone ke kAraNa maura spaSTa na honese jaina saskRti aura darzana ke bAre meM koI bAta batAnA mAsAna nahIM ho sktii| bhArata ke jina sthAnoM meM jaina dharmane prasAra lAbha kiyA thA uname se vindhya pahADa ke uttara bhAga yA dAkSiNAtya ke kucha jagaha samagra madhya pradeza aura mor3isA pradhAna hai / bhAsAma, varmA, kAzamora, nepAla, bhUTAna, tibbata mora kaccha vagairaha sthAno ne jaina saskRti kA koI ullekha yogya smAraka nahIM hai| samAja meM dharma ko amara maura janapriya karane ke lie zilpiyone jo ullekhanIya sahayoga diyA aura kArya kiyA hai vaha sacamuca cirasmaraNIya rahegA zilpiyo ne apanI saba taraha kI

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kalAsRSThi ke dvArA pratyeka dharmakI jo bhAvapUrNa avatAraNA kI hai vaha isa yuga ke aitihAsiko ke lie itihAsa lekhana ke sAre upAdAna detI hai| jaina dharma, vauddha dharma aura hindU dharma ke rUpAyana ke bIca aisA eka aTUTa aikya aura paddhati kA eka hai, jisa se eka se dUsare ko judA kara dene ke lie sImA rekhA' kATanA bilkula prAsAna nahIM hai| jisa zilpIne jainamUrti yA caitya banAyA hai, usIne kahI bauddha dharma kI aneka pratimAyeM aura vihAro kA nirmANa kiyA hai, kyoMki donoM dharmaM paraspara eka sAtha pracArita praura prasArita hone se racita zilpa kalA meM kalA kI paddhati prAya eka hI taraha kI dekhane ko milatI hai| prA. aitihAsika saMskRti pIThoM meM jaina dharma ke smAraka dekhane ko na milane para bhI mohanajodAro se mile hue cintA magna nagna puruSa - mUrtiyo ko janatIrthaGkara kahA jA sakatA hai / haDappA se mile hue nagna puruSa mUrti ke sAtha aGga gaThana se vihAra pradeza ke lAhonipura prAnta se mile hue nagna jena mUrti kA maila esA adhika hai ki har3appA ke prAcIna mUrti ko jaina kalA kahakara hI grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / usa viSaya meM itanA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki bahuta prAcInakAla se etihAsika yuga meM bhAratIya kalA dhore dhIre praveza kara deza kAla aura sAmayika sAmAjika veSTanI ke bIca nae nae rUpa meM prakAzita huI hai / isa rUpAyana meM alaga alaga dharma aura usakA pratIka aura pratimA kA vibhinna paridhAna, prAyuva aura bAhana vagairaha se jo sUcanA milatI hai vaha eka niravacchinna aikya kA nirdeza detI hai| jaina aura bauddha dharma ke pRSTa poSaka tatkAlIna dhanI bhora rAjAmro ke nirdeza se isa kalA kA prakAza na hone se Aja hameM koI etihAsika pramANa vibhinna dharma ke mila nahI sakate haiM / -128

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maurya yuga meM jo saba jen2a sthApatya aura bhAskarya ke rUpAyana dekhane ko milate haiM, unameM se bihAra ke barAbara aura nAgArjuna pahAr3a meM banI huI kaI guphAyeM (guhA) ullekhanIya hai / aitihAsiko ne pramANita kiyA hai ki ina guphAoMoM ko tatkAlIna maurya rAjAno ne khudavAyA thA / unake samaya meM aura kaI jaina mandira teyAra hue the / 1 suddha yuga me jainakIrti rahane vAle ullekha yogya sthAno me oDisA kI khaDagiri guphA aura udayagiri guphA sarva pradhAna haiM / cedivazaja khAravela ke anuzAsana prazasti yahA khodita huI haiM / khISTa pUrva pahalI matI meM yaha anuzAsana khodita hone kI bAta, khodita lipi se pramANita haiM / samrATa khAratela nandarAjA dvArA apahRta 'jaina' mUrtiko magadha adhikAra karake phira le prAe the / rAjA khuda tIrthakaro ke prati anurakta rahane se be aura unakI rAnI dono ne khuzI ke sAtha ina sanyAsiyo ke vizrAma ke lie khaDagiri kI guphAye khodita karAI thIM / isa guphA kI nirmANa rIti caMtya nirmANa rIti se alaga hai choTe choTe caitya me rahane vAle vizAla kakSa ( Hall ) yahA~ dekhane ko nahI milatA / hAthI guphA meM khode hue eva maMcapurI guphA ke nIce ke mahala me hone vAle bhAskaryaM dusarI jagaha hone bAle svalpa sphIti bhAskarya se kucha anunnata hone para bhI usako svAdhIna gati aura racanA kI ora se yaha varadUta bhAskarya se adhika dRDhatA ( Force ) ke sAtha khodA humrA hai, yaha acchI taraha jAna par3atA hai / I 0 0 pU0 pahalI zatAbdI taka anata guphA, rAnI guphA zraura gaNeza guphAo ko bhAskarya me jaina dharma kI sUcanA ullekha yogya hai / prananta guphA meM cAra ghor3a e lage hue gADI meM jo mUrti dekhane ko milatI hai bhaura jise sUrya deva nAma se pukArate -126 ww

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abhisita matoca padharma vame vAta-vihita-gopUra-pAkera. nisevama paTi sakhAra yati kaliga nagarI khivIre"sitala tar3Aga prADiyo ca vadhApayati savUyAna paTi sapana ca kArayati panatisAhi"sata sahasehi pakatiyo-rajayati'"dutiya ca vase aci. tayitA sAtakani pachimadisaM haya-gaja-nara-rapa-bahula daMDa paThApayati kaliMga"gatAya ca senAya vitAseti prasaka nagaram . tatiye punavase dhava-veda-budho dapa nata-gota-vAdita-sadasanAhi usava samAja-kArApanAhi ca kIDApayati nagarIm / tathAcavuye vase vijAgharAdhivAsa arakatapuram 2 kaliMga puva-rAjAnAm dhamena va niti nA va pasAsati savata dhamakuTena'5 bhItatasite ca nikhita-chata-bhiGgAre hitaratana-sApateye sava. raThika-bhojaka pAde vandApayati pacame ca dAnivase naMdarAja tiva 13 Prinsep-mate' 14. B. Lsl Indraji-'padhama' 15. Dr. B. M. Batua-'gabhIre' 16.Dr. K. P Jayaswal-'paNatI, sAhi' 17. Indraj!-bhUlase ijayani' paDhA thA / 18 K P. Jayaswal aura Barna-'satakaNim 19 K. P. Jayas wal-'kahuvenAsa'aura D. C: SircarkahabhaiNa' 20 D. C. Sircar-'asika nagara' 21. Indraji-'tatiyeca, 22. Indr]1-'itha' Barua, Jayaswal pora Sircar-'tathA' 23 D. C. Sircar- 'ahatapUrva' 24. D. C. Sircar--'kaliMga puda-rAja' 25. Indrall-- 'yamakRTasa' K. P. Jayaswal-'ditidhamakRTa' 26. D.C. Sircar-'sateya'

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- - - - sasatamoghATitam tanusUliyavATApa NADi nagara pavesayati satasahasehi ca khanApayati pAsito ca bhaThevase rAjasirisada. sayato sada-kara vaNa anugaha anekAni satasahasAni visajati pora-jAnapada satame ca vasaM prasi-chata-dhaja-radha-rakhi-turagasata-ghaTaoNni sadati sadasana sada-maMgalAni kArayati satasaha sehi| aThame ca32vase mahatA 3 senAya madhura anupaNe / goradhAra ghAtApayitA rAjagahAna papoDogyati34enina ca kama padAna panAdena-sabhIta-sena-vAhane viSamacitu madhura apayAto yavanarAja savadhara vAsina ca sadagahatina ca ma pAna bhojana ca pAna bhojana ca sadarAja bhikAna ca / savagaha patikAna ca zava brahmaNAM na ca pAna bhojana dadAti / kaliMga jina palavabhAra 27. Indrajl aura Jayaswal-,tidasasatam' Barua aura Sirear-tivasamata' 28. D.C Sircar-'rAjameya' 29 DC Sircar--'satama' 30 B. M Barua--'vase' 31. DC Sircar-isa pavita kA alaga pATha kiyA hai aura unakA pATha adharA hai|| 32 Prinsep- 'ca" paDhA hI nahIM hai| 33. Barua -'mahati senAya' 14 Prinsep-rAjagaum upapIDApayati' Indrajl rAjagaha natAm pItApayati' Jayas wal-'rAjagahama-upapItApayati' Sircar 'rAjagaha upapItApayati' 35. Jayaswal- 'kamApadAna' 36. B. M. Barua-'yevana udo' Jayaswal-'yavana rAja' 37. Jayaswal dimita' yA 'jimiti' 38. Barua-'kaliMga yAti' -136 -