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________________ THE FREE INDOLOGICAL COLLECTION WWW.SANSKRITDOCUMENTS.ORG/TFIC FAIR USE DECLARATION This book is sourced from another online repository and provided to you at this site under the TFIC collection. It is provided under commonly held Fair Use guidelines for individual educational or research use. We believe that the book is in the public domain and public dissemination was the intent of the original repository. We applaud and support their work wholeheartedly and only provide this version of this book at this site to make it available to even more readers. We believe that cataloging plays a big part in finding valuable books and try to facilitate that, through our TFIC group efforts. In some cases, the original sources are no longer online or are very hard to access, or marked up in or provided in Indian languages, rather than the more widely used English language. TFIC tries to address these needs too. Our intent is to aid all these repositories and digitization projects and is in no way to undercut them. For more information about our mission and our fair use guidelines, please visit our website. Note that we provide this book and others because, to the best of our knowledge, they are in the public domain, in our jurisdiction. However, before downloading and using it, you must verify that it is legal for you, in your jurisdiction, to access and use this copy of the book. Please do not download this book in error. We may not be held responsible for any copyright or other legal violations. Placing this notice in the front of every book, serves to both alert you, and to relieve us of any responsibility. If you are the intellectual property owner of this or any other book in our collection, please email us, if you have any objections to how we present or provide this book here, or to our providing this book at all. We shall work with you immediately. -The TFIC Team.
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________________ R SHAN zrI gaNezaprasAda vaNI jaina granthamAlA 2, 3 M A minemammiminawwwimminer gRddhapiccha prAcArya praNIta tattvArthasUtra vivecana kartA paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI prakAzaka zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA bhadainIghATa, banArasa
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________________ prakAzaka-- zrIgaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA bhadainI, bnaars| mUlya 5) prathama saMskaraNa vI0ni0 saM0 2476 mudrakamevAlAla gupta, bambaI priMTiMga kATeja bA~sa-phATaka kAzI
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________________ prakAzaka ke do zabda zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA kI dvitIya mAlA kA yaha tRtIya maNi hai jise bhAdrapada zuklA kI puNya velAmeM prakAzita karate hue maiM parama aAnanda kA anubhava karatA huuN| isake prakAzana meM jAna yA anajAna avasthA meM dUsaroM dvArA jo ar3acane utpanna kI gaI haiM unakI carcA karanA yahA~ vyartha hai / hameM to khuzI isa bAta kI hai ki unake rahate hue bhI yaha kAma kisI na kisI rUpa meM sampanna kiyA gayA hai| Aja hamAre bIca zraddheya guruvarya paM0 devakInandanajI siddhAntazAstrI nahIM haiN| granthamAlA kI sthApanA unakI satkRpA kA phala hai| yadi ve hamAre bIca hote to unheM granthamAlA kI yaha pragati dekhakara kitanA Ananda hotA isakI kalpanA se hRdaya bhara AtA hai aura A~kheM azruoM kA sthAna le letI haiN| ____ pUjya guruvarya zrI 105 tu0 gaNezaprasAda jI varNI aba pUrI taraha se apanI vRddha avasthA kA anubhava karane lage haiN| dIrgha Ayu kA upabhoga karate hue unakA granthamAlA ko cirakAla taka AzIrvAda milatA rahe yahI hamArI kAmanA hai| prastuta pustaka kA mudraNa samaya para na ho sakA aura do varSa se bhI adhika samaya taka yaha presameM par3I rahI yaha doSa hamArA hai / yadi hama
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________________ [ 4 ] dUsaroM kI salAha meM na ulajhe hote to isakI yaha gati na hotI / bambaI priMTiga kATeja presake mAlika zrI mevAlAla jI gupta kA to hameM AbhAra hI mAnanA cAhiye, kyoMki unhIM kI kRpA ke phalasvarUpa hama itane jaldI ise prakAza meM lAne meM samartha hue haiN| zrI bhAI kanhaiyAlAla jI kA aura presake dUsare karmacAriyoM kA bhI isa kAma meM hameM pUrA sahayoga milA hai / ataeva hama unake bhI AbhArI haiN| prastuta pustaka kA prakAzana utanA nirdoSa na ho sakA jitane kI maiM AzA karatA thA, AzA hai pAThaka isake liye kSamA kreNge| bhAdrapada zuklA 15 / vI0ni0 saM0 2476 / phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI saMyukta mantrI zrI varNI jaina granthamAlA bhadainIghATa, banArasa
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________________ Atma nivedana tAsUtra para aneka TIkAyeM likhI gaI haiM para ve mAtra mUla sUtroM kA anvayArtha likhane taka hI sImita haiM / merA dhyAna isa kamI kI ora gayA aura isIliye maiMne tattvArthasUtra para zaMkA samAdhAna ke sAtha prastuta vistRta vivecana likhA hai| yaha vivecana likhate samaya mere sAmane prajJAcakSu paM0 sukhalAlajI kA tattvArthasUtra rahA hai| isameM usakA DhA~cA to maiMne svIkAra kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI kahIM kahIM paNDitajI ke vivecana ko bhI Avazyaka parivartana ke sAtha yA zabdazaH maiMne isa vivecana kA aGga banAyA hai / paNDitajI jaina darzana ke prakANDa aura marmajJa vidvAn haiN| unakI zailI aura bhASA bhI majI huI aura prAMjala hai / isase mujhe prastuta vivecana ke likhane meM bar3I sahAyatA milI hai| merI icchA isameM jaina darzana va dharma kI prAcIna mAnyatAoM ko yathAvat saMkalana karane kI hI rahI hai| isake liye kahIM kahIM mujhe cAlU vyAkhyAoM meM prAcIna AgamoM ke AdhAra se Avazyaka parivartana bhI kAnA par3A hai / merA vizvAsa hai ki jainadarzana jaise sUkSma viSaya ke adhyayana karane meM isameM bar3I sahAyatA milegI / } eka bAta avazya hai ki sarvArthasiddhi meM jo 'puTTha' sugodi sadda' ityAdi gAthA uddhRta hai usakA ThIka vivecana maiMne sarvArthasiddhi ke anuvAda meM kiyA hai / usake anusAra sparzana, rasana, ghrANa aura zrotra ye cAroM indriyA~ prApyakArI aura aprApyakArI donoM prakAra kI ThaharatI haiM / kintu prastuta vivecana meM isa bAta kA nirdeza nahIM kara sakA hU~ / isameM 'arthasya' sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate samaya sarvArthasiddhi ke AdhAra se jo
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________________ [ 6 ] 'artha' zabda kI paribhASA dI hai vaha adhUrI hai| vahA~ ukta cAroM indriyoM ke viSaya ko prApyakArI aura aprApyakArI mAna kara hI ukta vyAkhyA kI saMgati biThAnI caahiye| ___ maiMne isa vivecana kA prArambhika DhA~cA jayadhavalA kAryAlaya meM kAma karate hue taiyAra kiyA thaa| isake bAda varNI granthamAlA meM kAma karate hue mujhe isameM bahuta kucha parivardhana aura parivartana karanA par3A hai| isase yaha vivecana usa samaya likhe gaye vivecana se na kevala dUnA ho gayA hai apitu aneka mahattvapUrNa bipayoM kI rUparekhA meM bhI parivartana ho gayA hai| merI inchA isakI vistRta prastAvanA likhane kI thI, Avazyaka pariziSTa bhI taiyAra karane the para isa samaya khuraI gurukula kI vyavasthA kI ora citta baTA hone ke kAraNa maiM aisA nahIM kara skaa| tatkAla mUla sUtrakartA ke viSaya meM maiMne jo rUparekhA upasthita kI hai AzA hai usa ora vidvAnoM kA lakSya avazya jaaygaa| isa vivecana ke taiyAra karane meM mujhe aneka mahAnubhAvoM se sahAyatA milI hai isaliye maiM una sabakA to AbhArI hU~ hI, sAtha hI maiM prajJAcakSu paM0 sukhalAlajI kA vizeSarUpa se AbhArI hU~, kyoMki unhIM ke tattvArthasUtra se mujhe yaha preraNA milI hai| ___maiM isa prayatna meM kitanA saphala huA.hU~ yaha kArya maiM svAdhyAya premiyoM para chor3atA huuN| bhAdrapada zuklA 5 vI0ni0 saM02476 / phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI
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________________ A L Harpane T tatvArthasUtra kA mahattva tatvArthasUtra ko kucha pAThabheda va sUtrabheda ke sAtha jainadharma ke sabhI sampradAyoM ne samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| vaidikoM meM gItA kA, IsAiyoM meM vAivila kA aura musalamAnoM meM kurAna kA jo mahattva hai. vahIM mahattva jaina paramparA meM tattvArthasUtra kA mAnA jAtA hai| adhika tara jaina isakA pratidina pATha karate haiM aura kucha aSTamI caturdazI ko ? dazalakSaNa parva meM isa para pravacana bhI hote haiM jinheM Ama janatA bar3I zraddhA ke sAtha zravaNa karatI hai| jo koI isakA pATha karatA hai use eka upavAsa kA phala milatA hai aisI isake sambandha meM khyAti hai| saMka-. lana kI dRSTi se bhI isakA mahattva kama nahIM hai| isameM jaina darzana kI mUlabhata sabhI mAnyatAoM kA sundaratA pUrvaka saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| isake anta meM mokSa kA pradhAnatA se vivecana hone ke kAraNa ise mokSazAstra bhI kahate haiN| kintu purAnA nAma isakA tattvArthasUtra hI hai| sabhI AcAryoM ne isakA isI nAma se ullekha kiyA hai| avazya hI zvetAmbara paramparA meM isakA tattvArthAdhigama yaha nAma kahA jAtA hai para vyavahAra meM vahAM bhI isakI tattvArthasUtra isa nAma se hI prasiddhi hai| pAThabheda kA kAraNa tattvArthasUtra ke mukhya pATha do milate haiM-eka digambara paramparA: mAnya aura dUsarA zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya / ina donoM pAThoM meM koI * dazAdhyAyaparicchinne tattvArthe paThite sati / phalaM syAdupavAsasya bhASitaM munipuGgavaiH //
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________________ tAttvika bheda nahIM hai| kyoMki jitane bhI vivAdastha sUtra hai unheM donoM 'paramparAoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha nauveM adhyAya ke 22 parISahavAle sUtra ko aura isI adhyAya ke kevalI ke 11 parISahoM kA sadbhAva batalAnevAle sUtra ko donoM paramparAe~ svIkAra karatI haiN| isaliye tattvArthasUtra ke sUtrabheda yA pAThabheda kA kAraNa sampradAya bheda na hokara rucibheda yA AdhArabheda rahA hai aisA jJAta hotA hai| thor3A bahuta yadi mAnyatAbheda hai bhI to bhI usakA mukhya kAragA sAmpradAyikatA nahIM hai itanA spaSTa hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke bheda kA mukhya kAraNa muni ke vastra kA svIkAra aura asvIkAra hI rahA hai| digambaroM kI mAnyatA hai ki pUrNa svAvalambana ko dIkSA kA nAma hI muni dIkSA hai, isaliye vastra ko svIkAra kara koI bhI vyakti sAdhu nahIM bana sktaa| strI ke zarIra kI racanA aisI hotI hai jisase vaha vastra kA tyAga nahIM kara sakatI aura na ekAkinI hokara vaha vihAra hI kara sakatI hai| isIse digambara paramparA meM use sAdhvI dIkSA ke ayogya mAnA gayA hai| kintu zvetAmbara paramparaH isa vyavasthA kA tAttvika pahalU nahIM dekhatI / ina donoM paramparAoM meM matabheda kA kAraNa itanA hI hai bAkI kI saba bAteM gauNa haiM / unakA AdhAra sAmpradAyikatA nahIM hai| kartA viSayaka matabheda prakRta meM dekhanA yaha hai ki tattvArthasUtra kisa kI racanA hai| sAdhAraNataH donoM paramparAoM ke sAhitya kA AloDhana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki isa viSaya meM mukhya rUpa se cAra ullekha pAye jAte haiN| prathama ullekha tattvArthAdhigama bhASya kA hai| isake anta meM eka prazasti dI hai jisameM isake kartA rUpa se vAcaka umAsvAti kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| prazasti isa prakAra hai
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________________ 'vAcakamukhyasya zivazriyaH prakAzayazasaH praziSyeNa / ziSyeNa ghoSanandikSamaNasyaikAdazAGgavidaH // 1 // vAcanayA ca mahAvAcakakSamaNamuNDapAdaziSyasya / ziSyeNa vAcakAcAryamUlanAmnaH prathitakItaH // 2 // nyagrodhikAprasUtena viharatA puravare kusumanAmni / kaumISiNinA svAtitanayena vAtsIsutenAya'm / / 3 // ahadvacanaM samyaggurukrameNAgataM samupadhArya / duHkhAtaM ca durAgamavihatamati lokamavalokya // 4 // idamuccai garavAcakena satvAnukampayA dravyam / tatvArthAdhigamAkhyaM spaSTAmAsvAtinA zAstram // 5 // yastattvAdhigamAkhyaM jJAsyati ca kariSyate ca tatroktam / so'vyAbAdhasukhAkhyaM prApsyatyacireNa paramArtham // 6 // yadyapi isameM tattvArthAdhigama nAmaka zAstra ke racayitA rUpa meM umA. svAtikA ullekha kiyA gayA hai kintu isase yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki tattvArthAdhigama yaha saMjJA kisakI hai-mUla sUtroM kI, bhASya kI yA donoM kI? ___ukta prazasti ke cauthe aura pA~caveM zloka meM yaha bAta kahI gaI hai ki guru paramparA se prApta hue zreSTha ahata vacana ko bhalI prakAra dhAraNa kara"isa tattvAthoMdhigama nAmaka zAstra kI racanA kI gaI hai| isa para se yaha Aheta vacana' kyA vastu hai yaha jAnane kI jijJAsA hotI hai| bahuta sambhava hai ki vAcaka umAsvAti ke sAmane tatvArtha viSayaka mala sUtra rahe hoM jinako AdhAra mAnakara inhoMne unakA samyak prakAra se jJAna karAnevAlA yaha tattvArthAdhigama nAmaka bhASya likhA ho|jo kucha bhI ho,
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________________ [ 10 ] ukta kathana se itanA to spaSTa hai ki bhASyakAra vAcaka umAsvAti isa viSaya meM svayaM mauna haiN| unakI prazasti se yaha nahIM jJAta hotA ki unhoMne svayaM mala sUtroM kI racanA kI hai| aura na hI bhASya ke prArambha meM Aye hue zlokoM se isa bAta kA patA lagatA hai| hA~ unake bAda ke dUsare zvetAmbara TIkAkAroM ne yaha avazya svIkAra kiyA hai ki umA. svAti ne mUla sUtra aura bhASya donoM kI racanA svayaM kI hai| 2-dUsarA ullekha vIrasena svAmI kI dhavalA TIkA kA hai jisameM tattvArthasUtra ke kartArUpa se gRddhapiccha AcArya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / kAla dravya kI caracA karate hue vIrasena svAmI jIvaTThANa ke kAla anuyogadvAra (pR0 316 mudrita ) meM likhate haiM__ 'taha giddhapichAiriyappayAsidata yasutte vivartanApariNAmakriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasya idi dabakAlo pruuvido|' vIrasena svAmI ne zaka saM0 738 meM dhavalA TIkA samApta kI thii| ye siddhAnta, jyotiSa, gaNita aura itihAsa Adi aneka viSayoM ke prakANDa vidvAna the| inake dvArA 'gRddhapiccha AcArya dvArA prakAzita tattvArthasUtrameM aisA ullekha kiyA jAnA sAdhAraNa ghaTanA nahIM hai / mAlUma par3atA hai ki vIrasena svAmI ke kAla taka ekamAtra gRddhapiccha AcAye tattvArthasUtra ke kartA mAne jAte the| gRddhapiccha ko vizeSaNa mAnakara umAsvAti yA umAsvAmI isa nAma ko pramukhatA bahuta kAla bAda milI hai|' vidyAnanda ke zlokavArtika se bhI isI bAta kA samarthana hotA hai 1 pichalI mudrita prAptaparIkSA kI sopajJa bRtti meM 'tattvArthasUtrakA rairumAsvAmiprabhRtibhiH' pATha hai para mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha kisI TippaNI kA aMza mUla meM sammilita ho gayA hai| nyAyAcArya daravArIlAla jI ne AptaparIkSA kA sampAdana kiyA haiM usameM yaha pATha nahIM hai|
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________________ [ 11 ] kyoMki unhoMne 'gRddhapicchAcAryaparyantamunisUtreNa' isa pada dvArA spaSTataH gRddhapicchAcAya ko tattvArthasUtra kA kartA ghoSita kiyA hai| 3 tIsarA ullekha candragiri parvata para pAye jAnevAle zilAlekhoM kA hai| inameM se 40, 12, 43, 47, 50 veM zilAlekhoM meM gRddhapiccha vizeSaNa ke sAtha umAsvAtikA ullekha kiyA hai aura zilAlekha 105 va 108 meM unheM tattvArthasUtra kA kartA bhI batalAyA hai| ye donoM zilAlekha DA0 hIrAlAla jI ke matAnusAra kramazaH zaka saM0 1320 aura zaka saM0 1355 ke mAne jAte haiN| zilAlekha 105 kA uddharaNa isa prakAra haizrImAnumAsvAtirayaM yatIzastattvArthasUtraM prakaTIcakAra / yanmuktimArgAcaraNodhatAnAM pAtheyamayaM bhavati prajAnAm // 15 // tasyaiva ziSyo'jani gRddhapicchadvitIyasaMjJasya balAkapicchaH / yatsUktiratnAni bhavanti loke muktyaMganAmohanamaNDanAni // 16 // zilAlekha 108 meM isI bAta ko isa prakAra lipibaddha kiyA gayA haiabhUdumAsvAtimuniH pavitra vaMze tadIye sklaarthvedii| sUtrIkRtaM yena jinapraNItaM zAstrArthajAtaM munipuMgavena // 11 // sa prANisaMrakSaNasAvadhAno babhAra yogI kila gRddhapakSAn / tadA prabhRtyeva budhA yamAhurAcAryazabdottaragRddhapiccham // 12 / / 4 cauthA ullekha nimnalikhita zloka ke AdhAra para haitattvArthasUtrakartAraM gRddhapicchopalakSitam / vande gaNIndrasaMjAtamumAsvAmimunIdharam / / ___ isameM gRddhapiccha se upalakSita umAsvAmI munIzvara ko tatvArthasUtra kA kartA batalAyo hai aura inheM gaNIndra kahA hai|
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________________ [ 12 ] Adhunika vidvAnoM kA mata isa prakAra ye cAra mata haiM jo pramukhatA se tattvArthasUtra ke kartA ke sambandha meM pracalita haiN| Adhunika vidvAn bhI inhIM ke AdhAra se kucha na kucha apanA mata banAte haiN| abhI taka unhoMne isa viSaya meM jo kucha bhI likhA hai usa para se do mata phalita hote haiM 1 tattvArthAdhigama bhASya ke kartA umAsvAti ne hI tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kI hai| isa mata kA pratipAdana prajJAcakSu paM0 sukhalAlajI prabhRti vidvAna karate haiN| ye inheM zvetAmbara paramparA kA mAnate haiN| __ 2 tattvArthasUtra ke kartA gRddhapiccha umAsvAti haiM jo kunda kunda ke ziSya the| aura tantvArthAdhigama bhASya ke kartA koI dUsare AcArya haiN| isa mata kA pratipAdana paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra prabhRti bidvAna karate haiN| ye inheM digambara paramparA kA mAnate haiN| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne bhI isa viSaya kI vistRta carcA kI hai| unakA isa viSaya kA eka lekha sva0 bAbU zrI bahAdurasiMhajI siMghI kI smRti meM sue bhAratIya vidyA' ke tIsare bhAga meM prakAzita huA hai / isameM premIjI ne prajJAcakSu paM0 sukhalAlajI ke mata kA samarthana kiyA hai| yadi ina donoM vidvAnoM meM koI matabheda hai to ekamAtra isa bAta meM hai ki ve kisa sampradAya ke the / prajJAcakSu paM0 sukhalAlajI inheM zvetAmbara paramparA kA mAnate haiM aura premIjI yApanIya paramparA kaa| aba mAlUma huA hai ki prajJAcakSu paM0 sukhalAlajI kA mata punaH badala gayA hai aura ve bhI premIjI ke samAna unheM yApanIya paramparA kA mAnane lage haiN| . 1 dekho paM0 sukhalAlajI ke tattvArthasUtra kA prastAvanA / / 9 dekho mANikacandra granthamAlA se prakAzita ratnakaraNDa kI prastAvanA /
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________________ [ 13 ] kartRtva viSayaka bhrama kA nirAkaraNa yadyapi yahA~ mukhya rUpa se yaha vicAraNIya nahIM hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke kartA kisa paramparA ke the| ve kisI bhI paramparA ke rahe hoM isameM hAni nahIM hai, kyoMki savastra dIkSA aura isase sambandhita anya viSayoM ko chor3akara zeSa biSaya sAmpradAyikatA se sambandha nahIM rkhte| yahA~ to hameM pramukhatA se yaha dekhanA hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke saMkalana kA mukhya zreya kise diyA jAya / jaisA ki hama pahale batalA Aye haiM tadanusAra yadi pUrvokta sabhI ullekhoM ko pramANa mAnA jAya to tattvArthasUtra ke kartA cAra AcArya Thaharate haiM-gRddhapiccha, vAcaka umAsvAti, gRddhapiccha umAsvAti aura gRddhapiccha umAsvAmI, isaliye viveka yaha karanA hai ki ina ullekhoM meM kise pramANa mAnA jaay| yaha to spaSTa hai ki gRddhapiccha vizeSaNa ke sAtha umAsvAti kA ullekha candragiri parvata para pAye jAnevAle zilAlekhoM ke sivA anya kisI AcArya ne nahIM kiyA hai isaliye adhikatara sambhava to yahI dikhAI detA hai ki yaha nAma kalpita ho aura yaha bhI sambhava hai ki isI prakAra gRddhapiccha umAsvAmI yaha nAma bhI kalpita ho| yaha hama jAnate haiM ki mere aisA likhane se adhikatara vidvAnoM ko dhakkA lagegA para yaha anuzIlana kA pariNAma hai| isI se aisA likhanA par3A hai| digambara paramparA meM gRddhapiccha tattvArthasUtra ke kartA mAne jAte the aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM vAcaka umAsvAti hue haiM jo uttarakAla meM tattvArthasUtra ke kartA mAne jAne lage the, isaliye ye donoM nAma milakara Age isa bhrama ko janma dene meM samartha hue ki tattvArthasUtra ke kA gRddhapiccha umAsvAti haiM aura svAti se svAmI zabda banane meM dera nahIM lagI isaliye kisI kisI ne yaha bhI ghoSaNA kI ki tattvArtha sUtra ke ko gRddhapiccha umAsvAmI haiN|
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________________ [ 14 ) hameM aisA nirNaya karane meM isa kAraNa se bhI sahAyatA milI hai ki 11 vIM zatAbdi ke pahale ke kinhIM digambara AcAryoM ne ina nAmoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM yadyapi umAsvAti yaha nAma AyA hai para usakA vizeSaNa vAcaka hai na ki gaddhapiccha aura digambara paramparA meM 11 vIM zatAbdi ke pUrva mAtra gaddhapiccha nAma kA ullekha milatA hai, isaliye gRddhapiccha umAsvAti yA gRddhapiccha umAsvAmI isa nAma ke na to koI AcArya hue aura na ve tattvArthasUtra ke kartA hI mAne jA sakate haiN| ___ aba dekhanA yaha hai ki Akhira tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kisane kii| pUrvokta AdhAroM se hamAre sAmane aise do kAma zeSa rahate haiM jinheM tattvArthasUtra kA kartA mAnA jAtA hai-eka gRddhapiccha aura dUsare vAcaka umAsvAti / digambara AcArya gRddhapiccha kA tattvArthasUtra ke kartA rUpa se ullekha karate haiM aura zvetAmbara AcArya vAcaka umAsvAti kaa| yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki digambara paramparA meM pracalita tattvArthasUtra ke kartA gRddhapiccha rahe hoM aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita tattvArthasUtra ke kartA vAcaka umAsvAti rahe hoM para yahA~ mukhya vivAda isa bAta kA nahIM hai mukhya vivAda isa bAta kA hai ki sarva prathama mUla tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kisane kI gRddhapicchane yA vAcaka umAsvAti ne| ___ isa samaya hamAre sAmane tattvArthasUtra kI donoM paramparAoM kI dRSTi se do Adya TIkAe~ upasthita haiM-eka sarvArthasiddhi aura dUsarA tattvArthAdhigama bhASya / ina donoM kI sthiti samAna hai| inheM dekhakara yaha jAna sakanA kaThina hai ki anya AcArya ke dvArA banAye gaye grantha para ye donoM TIkAkAra TIkA limva rahe haiM yA svayaM banAye gaye grantha para ye TIkA likha rahe haiN| eka kartRkapane kI siddhi ke liye 'vakSyAmi, nirdekSyAmaH' ityAdi jo pramANa tattvArthAdhigama bhASya meM
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________________ [ 15 ] pAye jAte haiM unakI sarvArthasiddhi meM bhI kamI nahIM hai| eka bAta avazya hai ki mUla sUtroM kI kramabAra racanA ke sAtha-sAtha ina donoM TIkAoM kI racanA huI hogI yaha inake dekhane se siddha nahIM hotA, pratyuta inake dekhane se yahI jJAta hotA hai ki pUre tattvArthasUtra ko sAmane rakhakara ye TIkAyeM likhI gaI haiM / yadi sarvArthasiddhi meM eka do pAThabheda pAye jAte haiM to aise pATha bhedoM kI tattvArthAdhigama bhASya meM kamI nahIM hai / antara kevala itanA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi meM aise pAThabheda kA ullekha spaSTataH kiyA hai aura tattvArthAdhigama bhASya meM TIkA likhate samaya use najaraMdAja kara diyA hai / udAharaNArtha dUsare adhyAya ke antima sUtra ke bhASya meM prathama to uttama pada ko vyAkhyA kara dI kintu bAda meM use chor3a diyA / isI prakAra cauthe adhyAya ke 26 veM sUtra meM laukAntikoM ke nAma to nau ginAe para bhASya meM eka nAma chor3a diyaa| phira bhI Azcarya yaha hai ki uttarakAla meM vAcaka umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra ke kartA mAne jAne lge| hamane isa viSaya kI gaharAI se chAnabIna kI hai| usase hama to isI niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki tattvArthAdhigama bhASyakAra aura tattvArthasUtrakAra eka vyakti nahIM haiN| yaha to mAnI huI bAta hai ki tanvArthasUtra ke kartA Agama ke gahare abhyAsI rahe haiM, isake binA itane prAMjala aura vyavasthita grantha kA nirmANa honA kabhI bhI sambhava nahIM hai para tattvArthAdhigama bhASya ke AloDhana se yaha patA nahIM lagatA ki ye jainadharma ke sabhI viSayoM ke gahare abhyAsI rahe hage / udAharaNArtha inhoMne 'uccanIcaizva' isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue uccagotra aura nIcagotra ke jo lakSaNa diye haiM ve jaina paramparA ke sarvathA pratikUla haiM / jaina paramparA meM gotra karma jIvoM ke amuka prakAra ke pariNAmoM kA nirvartaka mAnA gayA hai| na ki sAmAjika uccatA aura nIcatA kA nirvartaka | jaina karmazAstra
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________________ [ 16 ] se Arthika puNya pApa aura sAmAjika uccatA tathA nIcatA kA samarthana nahIM hotA yaha bAta kisI bhI karmazAstra ke abhyAsI se chipI huI nahIM hai| usane inakA mahattva mAtra AdhyAtmika dRSTi se mAnA hai, tabhI to vaha uccagotra aura nIcagotra inakA samAveza jIvavipAkI karmoM meM karatA hai| merA to spaSTa khyAla hai ki bhASya kI racanA jitanI purAnI socI jAtI hai utanI purAnI nahIM hai| vaha aise samaya meM hI racA gayA hai jabaki bhAratavarSa meM jAtIyatA AkAza ko chUne lagI thI aura jainAcArya bhI apane AdhyAtmika darzana ke mahattva ko bhUlakara brAhmaNa vidvAnoM ke pichalaggU banane lage the| ___ eka bAta aura hai| dUsare adhyAya meM 21 audayika bhAva kA nirdeza karate hue 'liGga' zabda AyA hai| vahA~ isakA 'tIna veda' artha liyA gayA hai| isake bAda yaha 'liGga' zabda do jagaha punaH AyA hai-eka to nauve adhyAya ke 'saMyama pratisevanA' ityAdi sUtra meM aura dUsare dasaveM adhyAya ke antima sUtra meN| merA khyAla hai ki sUtra meM eka sthala para pAribhASika jisa zabda kA jo artha parigRhIta hai vahI artha anyatra bhI liyA jAnA caahiye| kintu hama dekhate haiM ki tattvArthAdhigama bhASyakAra isa tathya ko nibhAne meM asamartha rahe / aisI eka do truTiyA~ tadyapi sarvArthasiddhi meM bhI dekhane ko milatI haiM aura ina TIkAoM ke AdhAra se Aja taka ina truTiyoM kI punarAvRtti hotI AI hai| hama bhI unase bAhara nahIM haiN| para tattvArthAdhigama bhASya ke kartA ko sUtrakAra mAna lene para unakI yaha jabAbadArI vizeSarUpa se bar3ha jAtI hai| kintu ve isa jabAbadArI ko nibhAne meM asamartha rahe kyoMki unhoMne dUsare adhyAya meM 'liGga' zabda kI jo paribhASA dI hai, jo ki mUla sUtra se bhI phalita hotI hai usakA ve sarvatra nirvAha nahIM kara sake. aura nauMveM adhyAya ke
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________________ [ 17 ] 'saMyama pratisevanA--' ityAdi sUtra meM ve usakA dUsarA hI artha karane lage jaba ki pUrvokta artha karane se hI vahA~ kAma cala sakatA thaa| eka bAta aura hai| yaha to tattvArthAdhigama bhASya ke dekhane se hI vidita hotA hai ki tattvArthasUtra kI racanA bhASya likhane ke pahale hI ho cukI thii| aura bhASya isake bAda likhA gayA thaa| isaliye sUtroM meM aisA doSa nahIM rahanA cAhiye thA jisakA artha karane ke liye kisI ko bhI TIkA ke zabda kA Azraya lenA par3atA / para hama dekhate haiM ki bhASya mAnya mUla sUtroM meM yaha Ti bhI vidyamAna hai| udAharaNa svarUpa prathama adhyAya kA "yathokta nimittaH paDvikalpaH zeSANAma yaha sUtra liyA jA sakatA hai / isa sUtra meM Aye huye 'yathoktanimittaH pada kA artha karane ke liye isI adhyAya ke 'dvividho'vadhiH' sUtra ke bhASya kI sahAyatA lenI par3atI hai, anyathA ukta pada kA artha kevala mUla sUtroM ke AdhAra se spaSTa nahIM hotaa| ___ ina yA aise hI dUsare pramANoM ke AdhAra se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vAcaka umAsvAti mRla sUtrakAra nahIM haiN| bahuta sambhava hai ki gRddhapiccha AcArya, jinakA ki tattvArthasUtra ke kartArUpa se aneka digambara AcAryoM ne ullekha kiyA hai, isake kartA rahe ho aura usI mUla tattvArthasUtra para sarvArthasiddhi TIkA va sUtroM meM Avazyaka parivartana karake usI para tattvArthAdhigama bhAdhya likhA gayA ho| maGgalAcaraNa hamane tattvArthasUtra ke prArambha meM 'mokSamArgasya netAraM' yaha maGgalAcaraNa nahIM diyA hai, kyoMki hamArA aba bhI yahI khyAla hai ki yaha AcArya gRddhapiccha kI racanA nahIM hai| yaha sarvArthasiddhi ke prArambha meM pAyA jAtA hai, isaliye hamAre khyAla se yaha sarvArthasiddhi vRtti kA hI aGga mAnA jAnA cAhiye / yadApi prAcArya vidyAnanda isakA
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________________ [ 18 ] ullekha 'zAstrAdau sUtrakArAH prAhuH' isa rUpa se karate haiM para isakI puSTi meM abhI koI dUsarA prabala pramANa nahIM milA hai| yadi yaha tattvArthasUtra kA avibhAjya aGga hotA to isa para AcArya pUjyapAda aura akalaMkadeva avazya hI TIkA likhate / abhI to kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya vidyAnanda ise tattvArthasUtra ke kartA kA maGgalAcaraNa mAnate rahe haiM / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki sUtrakAra se unakA matalaba tattvArthasUtra ke pichale sabhI TIkAkAroM se rahA ho / jo kucha bhI ho abhI yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai| __ itihAsa kA viSaya jitanA zrama sAdhya hai utanA hI vaha gaveSaNAtmaka bhI hai| prastuta prastAvanA mujhe do tIna dina meM hI likhanI par3I hai| yadi saba prakAra kI suvidhA mila sakI to isa viSaya para maiM sAMgopAMga prakAza DAlane kA prayatna karU~gA aisI mujhe AzA hai| zrAvaNa zuklA 15 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI vI0 saM0 2476
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________________ tattvArthamUtra samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH // 1 // tacyArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam // 2 // tanisargAdadhigamAdvA // 3 // jiivaajiivaasmbndhsNvrnirjraamokssaastttvm||4|| nAmasthApanAdravyabhAvatastannyAsaH // 5 // prmaannnyairdhigmH|| 6 // nirdezasvAmitva sAdhanAdhikaraNasthitividhAnataH // 7 // stsNkhyaakssetrsprshnkaalaantrbhaavaalpbhutvaishc||8|| matizrutAvadhimanaHparyayakevalAni jJAnam // 9 // tatpramANe // 10 // mAdye parokSam // 11 // pratyakSamanyat // 12 // matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAntaram // 13 // tadindriyAnindriyanimittam // 14 // avgrhhaa'vaaydhaarnnaaH|| 15 // bahubahuvidhakSiprA'niHsRtA'nuktadhravANAM setarANAm // 16 // arthasya // 17 // vyaJjanasyAvagrahaH // 18 // na cakSuranindriyAbhyAm // 19 // zrutaM matipUrva dvacanekadvAdazabhedam / / 20 / / bhavapratyayo'vadhidavanArakANom // 21 // kSayopazamanimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSANAm // 22 // RjuvipulamatI manaHparyAyaH // 23 // vizuddhayapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSaH // 24 // vishuddhikssetrsvaamivissyebhyo'vdhimnHpryyoH|| 25 // matizratayornibandho dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu // 26 // rUpiSvavadheH
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________________ [ 20 / // 27 // tadanantabhAge manaHparyayasya // 28 // sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalasya // 29 // ekAdIni bhAjyAni yugapadekasminnAcatubhyaH // 30 // matizratAvadhayo viparyayazca // 31 // sadasanoravizeSAdyadRcchopalabdherunmattavat / / 32 // naigamasaMgrahavyavahAra sUtrazabdasamabhirUdvaivaMbhUtA nayAH // 33 // iti tattvArthAdhigame mokSazAstre prathamo'dhyAyaH // 1 // aupazamikakSAyikau bhAvau mizrazca jIvasya svatattvamaudayikapAriNAmikau ca // 1 // dvinavASTAdazaikaviMzatitribhedA yathAkramam // 2 // samyaktvacAritre // 3 // jJAnadarzanadAnalAbhabhogopabhogavIryANi ca // 4 // jJAnAjJAnadarzanalabdhayazcaturitripaJcabhedAH samyaktvacAritrasaMyamAsaMyamAzca / / 5 // gatikaSAyaliGgamithyAdarzanAjJAnAsaMyatAsiddhalezyAzcatuzcatusvyekaikaikaikaSaDbhedAH // 6 // jIvabhavyAbhavyatvAni ca // 7 // upayogo lakSaNam // 8||s dvividho'STacaturbhedaH // 9 // saMsAriNo muktAzca // 10 // samanaskAmanaskAH // 11 // sNsaarinnstrssthaavraaH|| 12 // pRthivya jovAyuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH // 13 // dviindriyaadystrsaaH||14|| paJcendriyANi // 15 // dvividhAni // 16 // nirvRtyupakaraNe dravyendriyam // 17 // labdhyupayogI bhAvendriyam // 18 // sparzanarasanaghrANacakSuHzrotrANi / / 19 // sparzarasagandhavarNazabdA
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________________ [21] stadarthAH // 20 // zrutamanindriyasya // 21 // vanaspatyantAnAmekam // 22 // kRmipipIlikAbhramaramanuSyAdInAmekaikavRddhAni // 23 // saMjJinaH samanaskAH // 24 // vigrahagatau karmayogaH // 25 // anuzreNi gatiH // 26 // avigrahA jIvasya // 27 // vigrahavatI ca saMsAriNaH prAkacatubhyaH // 28 // ekasamayA'vigrahA // 21 // ekaM dvau trInvA'nAhArakaH / / 30 // sammUrcchanagarbhopapAdA janma // 31 // sacittazItasaMvRtAH setarA mishraashcaikshstdyonyH||32|| jarAyulANDajapotAnAM gamaH // 33 // devnaarkaannaamuppaadH||34|| zeSANAM sammUchanam // 35 // audArikavaikriyikAhArakataijasakArmaNAni zarIrANi // 36 // paraM paraM sUkSmam // 37 // pradezato' saMkhyeyaguNaM pAka taijasAt // 3: / / anaMtaguNe pare // 39 // apratIpAte // 40 // anAdisambandhe ca // 41 // sarvasya // 42 // tadAdIni bhAjyAni yugapadekasminnAcaturvyaH // 43 // nirupa. bhogamantyam // 44 // garbhasammUrchanajamAdyam / / 45 / / aupapAdikaM vaikriyikam // 46 // labdhipratyayaM ca // 47 // taijasamapi // 48 // zubhaM vizuddhamavyAdhAti cAhArakaM pramattasaMyatasyaiva // 49 / / nArakasammUchino napuMsakAni // 50 // na devAH / / 51 // zeSAstrivedAH // 52 // aupapAdikacaramottamadehA'saMkhyeyavarSAyuSo'napavAyuSaH // 53 // iti tattvArthAdhigame mokSazAstra dvitIyo'dhyAyaH // 2 //
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________________ [ 22 ] ratnazarkarA bAlukApaGkadhU matamomahAtamaH prabhA bhUmayo ghanAmbuvAtAkAzapratiSThAH saptAdho'dhaH || 1 || tAsu triMzatpaJcaviMzatipaJcadazadazatripaJcAnaikanarakazatasahasrANi paJca caiva yathAkramam || 2 || nArakA nityAzubhataralezyA pariNAma dehavedanAvikriyAH || 3 || parasparodIritaduHkhAH ||4|| saMkliSTAsurodIritaduHkhAca prAkcaturthyAH // 5 // teSveka trisaptadaza saptadazadvAviMzatitrayatrizatsAgaropamA saccAnAM parA sthitiH || 6 || jambUdvIpalavaNo dAdaya: zubhanAmAno dvIpasamudrAH // 7 // dvidviviSkambhAH pUrvaparicepiNo valayAkRtayaH ||8|| tanmadhye merunAbhirvRtto yojana zeta sahasra viSkambho jambUdvIpaH ||9|| bharata haimavataharivideharamyakahairaNyavatairAvatavarSAH kSetrANi // 10 // tadvibhAjinaH pUrvAparAyatA himavanmahAhimavanniSadhanIlarukmizikhariNo varSadhara parvatAH // 11 // hemArjuna tapanIya vaiDUrya rajatahemamayAH / / 12 / / maNivicitrapArthyA upari mUle ca tulyavistArAH // 13 // padmamahApadmatimiJchakesarimahApuNDarIkapuNDarIkA hRdAsteSAmupari // 14 // prathamo yojana sahasrAyAmastadarddhaviSkambho hRdaH ||15|| dazayojanAvagAhaH ||16|| tanmadhye yojanaM puSkaram // 17 // tadviguNadviguNA hRdAH puSkarANi ca // 18 // tannivAsinyo devyaH zrIhI dhRtikIrtibuddhilakSmyaH panyopamasthitayaH sasAmAnikapariSatkAH / / 19 / / gaGgAsiMdhuro hidrohitAsyAhariddharikAntA sItA sItodAnArInarakAntAsuvarNarUpyakUlAraktAraktodAH saritastanmadhyagAH ||20|| dvayo *
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________________ [ 23 / dvayoH pUrvAH pUrvagAH // 21 // zeSAstvaparagAH // 22 // caturdazanadIsahasraparivatA gaGgAsindhvAdayo nadyaH // 23 // bharataH patizatipaJcayojanazatavistAraH paTcaikonaviMzatibhAgA yojanasya // 24 // tadviguNadviguNavistArA varSadharavA videhAntAH // 25 // uttarA dakSiNatulyAH // 26 // bharatairAvatayodbhihAsau paTamamayAbhyAmutsapiNyavasarpiNIbhyAm // 27 // tAbhyAmapaga bhUmayoDa vasthitAH // 28 // ekadvitripalyopamasthitayo haimavatakahArivarSakadaivakuravakAH // 29 // tathottarAH // 30 // videheSu saMkhyeyakAlAH // 31 // bharatasya viSkambho jambUdvIpasya nava tizatabhAgaH // 32 // dvirdhAtakIkhaNDe // 33 // puSkarA? ca // 34 // prAmAnuSottarAnmanuSyAH ||35||aaryaa mlecchAzca / / 36 // bharatairAvatavidehAH karmabhUmayo'nyatra devakurUttara kurubhyaH // 37 // nRsthitI parAvare tripalyopamAntamuhUrta // 38|| tiyagyonijAnAM ca // 39 // iti tatvArthAdhigame mokSazAstre tRtIyo'dhyAyaH // 3 // devAzcaturNikAyAH // 1 // zrAditastriSu pItAntalezyA: // 2 // dazASTapaJcadvAdazavikalpAH kalpopapannaparyantAH // 3 // indrasAmAnikatrAyastriMzapAripadAtmarakSalokapAlAnIkAkIrNakAbhiyogyakilviSikAzcaikazaH // 4 // trAyastriMzalokapAlavAvyantarajyotiSkAH // 5 // pUrvayondrAH / / 6 // kAyapravIcArA
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________________ [ 24 ] A aizAnAt // 7 // zeSAH sparzarUpazabdamanaHpravIcArAH // 8 // pare'pravIcArAH // 9 // bhavanavAsino'suranAgavidyutsuparNAgnivAta. stAnatodadhidvIpadikumArAH // 10 // vyantarAH kinnarakimpuruSamahoragagandharvayakSarAkSasabhUtapizAcAH // 11 // jyotiSkAH sUryA candramasau grahanakSatraprakIrNakatArakAzca // 12 // merupradakSiNA nityagatayo nRloke // 13 // taskRtaH kAlavibhAgaH // 14 / / bahiravasthitAH // 15 // vaimAnikAH // 16 // kalpopapannAH kalpAtItAca // 17 // uparyupari // 18 // saudhammai zAnasAnakumAramAhendrabrahmabrahmottaralAntavakApiSTazukramahAzukrazatArasahasrAreyAnataprANatayorAraNAcyutayornavasu aveyakeSu vijayavaijanta. jayantAparAjiteSu sarvArthasiddhau ca // 19 // sthitiprabhAvasukhayutilezyA vizuddhIndriyAvadhi viSayato'dhikAH // 20 // gatizarIraparigrahA'bhimAnato hInAH // 21 // pItapadmazuklalezyA dvitrizeSeSu // 22 // prAgveyakebhyaH kalpAH // 23 // brahmalokAlayA laukAntikAH // 24 // sArasvatAdityavahnayaruNagardatoyatuSitAvyAbAdhAriSTAzca // 25 // vijayAdiSu dvicaramAH // 26 // aupapAdikamanuSyebhyaH shessaastirygyonyH|| 27 // sthitirasuranAgasuparNadvIpazeSANAM sAgaropamatripalyopamA hiinmitaaH||28|| saudharmazAnayoH sAgaropame'dhike // 29 // sAnatkumAramAhendrayoH sapta // 30 // trisaptanavaikAdazatrayodazapaJcadazabhiradhikAni tu // 31 // AraNAcyutAdurca mekaikena navasu |veyakepu vijayAdiSu
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________________ sarvArthasiddhau ca // 32 // aparA palyopamamadhikam // 33 // parataH parataH pUrvApUrvAnantarA // 34 / / nArakANAM ca dvitIyAdiSu // 35 // dazavarSasahasrANi prathamAyAm // 36 // bhavaneSu ca / / 37 / / vyantarANAM ca // 38 // parA palyopamamadhikam / / 39 / / jyoti. kANAM ca // 40 // tadaSTa bhAgo' parA // 41 / / laukAntikAnA. maSTau sAgaropamANi sarveSAm // 42 // ___iti tatvArthAdhigame mokSazAstraM caturthodhyAyaH // 4 // ajIvakAyA dhamAdhamAkAzapudgalAH // 1 // dravyANi / / jIvAzca // 3 // nityAvasthitAnyarUpANi || 4|| rUpiNaH pudgalAH / / 5 / / A AkAzAkadravyANi ||6||nisskriyaanni ca / / 7 // asaMkhyeyAH pradezA dharmAdharmakajIvAnAm // // AkAzasyAnantAH // 9 // saMkhyeyAsaMkhyeyAzca pudgalanAm // 10!! nANoH // 11 // lokAkAze'vagAhaH // 12 // dharmAdharmayoH kRtsne // 13 // ekapradezAdiSu bhAjyaH pudgalAnAm // 14 / / asaMkhyeyabhAgAdiSu jIvAnAm // 15 // pradezasaMhAravisarpAbhyAM pradIpavat // 16 // gatisthityupagrahau dharmAdharmayorupakAraH // 17 // AkAzasyAvagAhaH // 18 // zarIravAGmanaHprANApAnAH pudgalAnAm // 19 // sukhaduHkha jIvitamaraNopagrahAzca // 20 // parasparopagraho jIvAnAm / / 21 / vartanApariNAmakriyAparatvAparatve ca kAlasya // 22 // sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH // 23 // zabda
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________________ [ 26 ] bandhasaudamyasthaulyasaMsthAnabhedatamazchAyA''tapodyotavantazca // 24 // aNavaH skandhAzca // 25 // bhedasaGa pAtebhyaH utpadyante // 26 / bhedAdaNuH // 27 // bhedasadhAtAbhyAM cAnuSaH // 28 // sadvya. lkssnnm||29|| utpAdavyayadhrauvyayukta sat // 30 // tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam // 31 // arpitAnarpitasiddheH // 32 // snigdharUkSatvAdandha // 33 // na jaghanyaguNAnAm // 34 // guNasAmye sadRzAnAma // 35 // dvayadhikAdiguNAnAM tu||36|| bandhe'dhiko pAriNAmiko ca // 37 // guNaparyAyavaddavyam // 38 // kAlazca // 39 // so'nantasamayaH // 40 // dravyAzrayA nirguNAH guNA // 41 / / tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH // 42 // iti tatvArthAdhigame mokSazAstre paJcamodhyAyaH // 5 // kAyavAanAkarmayogaH // 1 // sa AsravaH // 2 // zubhaH puNyasyAzubhaH pApasya // 3 // sakaSAyAkaSAyoH sAmparA yikeaapthyoH||4||indriykssaayaavtkriyaaH paJcacatuHpaJcapaJca viMzatisaMkhyAH pUrvasya bhedAH // 5 // tIvramandajJAtAjJAtabhAvAdhi. karaNavIyavizeSebhyastadvizeSaH // 6 // adhikaraNaM jIvAjIvAH // 7 // Adya saMrambhasamArambhArambhayogakRtakAritAnumatakaSAyavizeSaistri. stristrishctushcaikshH||8|| nirvartanAnikSepasaMyoganisargAdvicaturditribhedAH param // 9 // tatpradoSanihnavamAtsaryAntarAyAsAdanopaghAtA jJAnadarzanAvaraNayoH ||10||duHkhshoktaapaakrndnvdhpridevnaa
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________________ nyAtmaparobhayasthAnyasadvedyasya // 11 // bhUtavratyanukampAdAnasarAgasaMyamAdiyogaH kSAntiH zaucamiti sadvedyasya // 12 // kevali. zrutasaMghadharmadevAvarNavAdo darzanamohasya // 13 // kaSAyodayAtIvrapariNAmazcAritramohasya // 14 // bahvArammaparigrahattvaM nAraka. syAyuSaH // 15 // mAyA taiyaMgyonasya // 16 // alpArambhaparigrahatvaM mAnupasya // 17 // svabhAvamArdavaM ca // 18 // niHzIlavatatvaM ca sarvepAm // 16 // sarAgasaMyamasaMyamAsaMyamAkAmanirjarAbAlatapAMsi daivasya // 20 // samyaktvaM ca / / 21 // yogavakratA visaMvAdanaM cAzabhasya nAmnaH // 22 // tadviparItaM zubhasya / / 23 // darzanavizuddhivinayasampannatA zIlavateSvanatIcAro'bhIkSNajJAnopayogasaMvego zaktitastyAgatapasI sAdhusamAdhivaiyAvRtyakaraNamarhadAcAryabahuzrutapravacanabhaktirAvazyakAparihANirmAgaprabhAvanA pravacanavatsalatvamiti tIrthakaratvasya // 24 // parAtmanindAprazaMse sadasadguNocchAdanoddhAvane ca nIcairgotrasya // 2 // tadviparyayau nIcaivRttyanutseko cottarasya // 26 // vighnakaraNamantarAyasya // 27 // iti tattvArthAdhigame mokSazAstre SaSTho'dhyAyaH / / 6 / hiMsA'nRtasteyAbrahmaparigrahebhyo virativa'tam // 1 // deza. sarvato'NumahatI // 2 // tatsthaiyArtha bhAvanAH paJca paJca // 3 // vADmanoguptIryAdAnanikSepaNasamityAlokitapAnabhojanAni paJca
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________________ [ 28 ] // 4 // krodhalobhamIrutvahAsyapratyAkhyAnAnyanuvIcIbhASaNaM ca paJca // 5 // zunyAgAravimocitAvAsaparoparodhAkaraNabhaikSazuddhisadharmAvisaMvAdAH paJca // 6 // strIrAgakathAzravaNatanmanoharAGganirIkSaNapUrvaratAnusmaraNavRSyeSTarasasvazarIrasaMskAratyAgAH paJca // 7 // manojJAmanojendriyaviSayarAgadveSavarjanAni paJca // 8 // hiMsAdiSvihAmutrApAyAvadyadarzanam // 9 // duHkhameva vA // 10 // mantrIpramodakAruNyamAdhyasthAni ca sttvgunnaadhikklishymaanaavinyepu||11|| jgtkaaysvbhaavai| vA saMvegavairAgyArtham // 12 // pramattayogAtprANa. vyaparopaNaM hiMsA // 13 // asadabhidhAnamanRtam // 14 // adattAdAnaM steyam // 15 // maithunamabrahma // 16 // mUrchA parigrahaH // 17 // niHzalyo vratI // 18 // agAryanagArazca // 19 // aNuvrato'gArI // 20 // digdeshaanrthdnnddvirtisaamaayikprossdhopvaasopbhogpribhogprimaannaatithisNvibhaagvtsmpnnshc||21||maarnnaaNntikii sallekhanAM jossitaa||22||shngkaakaaNkssaavicikitsaa'nydRssttiprshNsaasNstvaaH samyagdRSTeratIcArAH // 23 // vratazIleSu paJca paJca yathAkramam // 24 // bandhavadhacchedAtibhArAropaNAnapAnanirodhAH ||2shaa mithyopadezarahobhyAkhyAnakUTalekhakriyAnyAsApahArasAkAramaMtrabhedAH / / 26 / / stenaprayogatadAhRtAdAna viruddhraajyaatikrmhiinaadhikmaanonmaanprtiruupkvyvhaaroH||27|| paravivAhakaraNetvarikAparigRhItA'parigRhItAgamanAnaMgakrIDAkAmatIvAbhi - nivezAH // 28 // kSetravAstuhiraNyasuvarNadhanadhAnyadAsIdAsakupyapramANAtikramAH / / 29 // UdhistiryagvyatikramakSetraddhismR
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________________ [ 26 / tyantarAdhAnAni // 30 // zrAnayananeSyaprayogazabdarUpAnupAtapudgalakSepAH // 31 // kandarpakautkucyamaukharyAsamIkSyAdhikaraNopabhogaparibhogAnarthakyAni // 32 // yogaduSpraNidhAnAnAdarasmRsyanupasthAnAni // 33 // apratyavekSitA'pramArjitotsargAdAnasaMstaropakramaNAnAdarasmRtyanupasthAnAni // 34 // sacittasaMvandhasammizrAbhiSavaduHpakAhArAH // 35 // sacittanikSepAdhinaparavyapadezamAtsavaM kAlAtikramAH / / 36 // jIvitamaraNAzaMsAmitrAnurAgasukhAnubandhanidAnAni // 37 / / anugrahArthaM svasyAtisargo dAnam // 38 // vidhidravyadAtapAtra vizeSAtta dvizeSaH // 39 // iti tatvArthAdhigame mokSazAstre saptamo'dhyAyaH / / 7 / / mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA bandhahetavaH // 1 // sakapAyatvAjIvaH karmaNo yogyAnpudgalAnAdatte sa bandhaH // 2 // prakRtisthityanubhavapradezAstadvidhayaH // 3 // shraadyojnyaandrshnaavrnnvedniiymohniiyaayurnaamgotraantraayaaH||4|| paJcanavadvayaSTAviMzaticaturdvicatvAriMzadvipaJcabhedA yathAkramam // 5 // matizratA. vadhimanaHparyaya kevalAnAm // 6 // vacuracakSuravadhikevalAnAM nidrA. nidrAnidrApracalApracalApracalAstyAnagRddhayazca // 7 // sadasadvadye // 8 // darzanacAritramohanIyAkaSAyakaSAyavedanIyAkhyAstridvinava. SoDazabhedAH samyaktvamithyAtvatadubhayAnyakaSAyakaSAyo hAsyaratyaratizokamayajugupsAstrIpunapuMsakavedAH anantAnubandhyapratyAkhyAnapratyAkhyAnasaMjvalanavikalpAzcaikazaH krodhmaanmaayaalomaaH||9||
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________________ [ 30 ] nArakatairyagyonamAnuSadaivAni // 10 // gatijAtizarIrAGgopAGga nirmANabaMdhanasaMghAtasaMsthAnasaMhananasparzarasagaMdhavarNAnupUvyagurulaghUpadhAtaparaghAtAtapodyotocchvAsavihAyogatayaH pratyekazarIratrasasubhagasusvarazubhasUkSma paryAptisthirAdeyayazAkIrtisetarANi tIrthakaratvaM c|| 11 // ucainIMvaizca // 12 // dAnalAmabhogopabhogavIryANAm // 13 // AditastisRNAmaMtarAyasya ca triMzatsAgaropamakoTIkoTyaH parA sthitiH // 14 saptatirmohanIyasya // 15 / / viNshtirnaamgotryoH||16||trystriNshtsaaggepmaannyaayussH||17|| aparA dvAdazamuhurtA vedanIyasya / 18 // nAmagotrayoraSTau / / 19 / / zeSANAmatarmuhUrtAH // 20 // vipAko'nubhavaH // 21 // sa yathAnAma // 22 // tatazca nirjarA / / 23 // nAmapratyayAH sarvato yogavizeSAtsUkSmaikakSetrAvagAhasthitAH sarvAtmapradezeSvanantAntapradezAH // 24 // sadvedyazubhAyunomagotrANi puNyam / / 25 / / ato'nyatpApam // 26 // iti tatvArthAdhigame mokSazAstre'STamodhyAyaH // 8 // asravanirodhaH saMvaraH // 1 // sa guptisamitidharmAnuprekSA. priisshjycaaritrH|| 2 // tapasA nirjarA ca // 3 // samyagyoganigraho guptiH // 4 // IryAbhASeSaNAdAnanikSepotsargAH samitayaH // 5 // uttamakSamAmAdvArjavasatyazaucasaMyamatapastyAgA'kiJcanyabrahmacaryANi dharmaH // 6 // anityAzaraNasaMsArakatva nytv| zucyAsvasaMvaranirjarAlokabodhidurlabhadharmasvAkhyAtatvAnucintanamanuprekSAH
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________________ / 31 ] // 7 // mArgAcyavananijarAtha pariSoDhavyAH parISahAH // 8 // kSatpipAsAzItoSNadaMzamazaMkanAgnyAratistrIcarcAniSadyAzayyAkrozavadhayAcanAlAbharogataNasparzamalasatkArapuraskAraprajJA'jJAnAdarzanAni // 9 // sUkSmasAmparAyachamasthavItarogayozcaturdaza // 10 // ekAdaza jine // 11 // bAdarasAmparAye sarve // 12 // jJAnAvaraNe prajJAjJAne // 13 // darzanamohAntarAyayoradarzanalAbhau // 14 // caritramohe nAgnyAratistrIniSadyAkrozayAcanAsatkArapuraskArAH // 15 // vedanIye zeSAH // 16 // ekAdayo bhAjyA yugapade. kasminnekonaviMzatiH // 17 // sAmAyikacchedopasthApanAparihAravizuddhisUkSmasAmparAyayathAkhyAtamiti cAritram // 18 // anazanAvamaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgaviviktazayyAsanakAyaklezA bAhyaM tapaH // 19 // prAyazcittavinayavaiyAvRttyasvAdhyAyavyutsargadhyAnAnyuttaram // 20 // navacaturdazapaJcadvibhedA yathAkrama prAradhyAnAt / / 21 / / alocanApratikramaNatadubhayavivekavyutsargatapazcchedaparihAropasthApanAH // 22 // jJAnadarzanacAritropacArAH // 23 / / prAcAryopAdhyAyatapasvizaikSyaglAnagaNakulasaMghasAdhumanojJAnAm // 24 // vA vanAcchanAnuprekSAmnAyadharmopadezAH // 25 // bAhyAbhyaMtaropadhyoH // 26 // prAtaraudradharmyazuklAni // 28 // pare mokSahetU // 29 // ArtamamanojJasya samprayoge tadviprayogAya smRtisamanvAhArAH ||30||vipriitN manojJasya // 31 // vedanAyAzca // 32 // nidAnaM ca // 33 // tadaviratadezaviratapramattasaMyatAnAm // 34 // hiMsAnRtasteyaviSayasaMrakSaNebhyo raudramaviratadezaviratayoH
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________________ [ 32 ] // 35 // AjJApAyavipAkasaMsthAnavicayAya dharmyam // 36 // zukle cAye pUrvavidaH // 37 // pare kevalinaH // 38 // pRthaktvakaitvavitakasUkSma kriyApratipAtivyuparatakriyA nivartIni // 39 / / yekayogakAyayogayogAnAm // 40 // ekAzraye savitarkabIcAre pUrva // 41 // avIcAraM dvitIyam // 42 // vitaka zrutam // 43 // vIcAro 'rthavyaJjanayogasaMkrAtiH // 44 // samyagdRSTizrAvakaviratAnantaviyojakadarzanamohakSapakopazamakApazAntamohakSapakakSINamohajinA kramazo'saMkhyeyaguNanijarAH // 45 // pulAkabakuzakuzI lanirganthasnAtakA nimranthAH // 46 // saMyamazrutapratisevanAtIrthaliMgalezyopapAdasthAnavikalpataH sAdhyAH // 47 // iti tatvArthAdhigame mokSazAstre navamo'dhyAyaH / / 6 / / mohakSayAjjJAnadazanAvaraNAntarAyakSayAca kevalam // 1 // bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAM kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSaH // 2 // aupazamikAdibhavyatvAnAM ca // 3 // anyatra kevalasamyaktvajJAnadarzanasiddhatvebhyaH // 4 // tadanantaramadhvaM ganchaMtyAlokAntAt // 5 // puurvpryogaadsNgtvaadvndhchedaattthaagtiprinnaamaashv|| 6 // prAviddhakulAlacakravadvyapagatalepAlAMbuvaderaNDavIjavadagnizikhAbaca // 7 // dharmAstikAyAbhAvAt / / 8 // kSetrakAlagatiliMgatIrthacAritrapratyekabuddhabodhitajJAnAvagAhanAMtarasaMkhyAlpabahutvataH sAdhyAH // 9 // iti tatvArthAdhigame mokSazAstra dazamo'dhyAyaH // 10 // -
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________________ viSayAnukrama pahalA adhyAya viSaya utthAnikA mokSamArga kA nirdeza mokSa kA svarUpa mokSa ke sAdhanoM kA svarUpa mokSa kI sAdhanatA samyaka vizeSaNa kI sArthakatA mAhacarya sambandha mAdhana vicAra mokSamArga ke ekatvakA samarthana samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke hetu nisarga aura adhigama zabda kA artha nisargaja aura adhigamaja samyagdarzana kI utpatti meM hetutA anya sAdhanoM kA samanvaya kAla kI apradhAnatA samyagdarzana ke antaraMga kAraNa tattvoM kA nAma nirdeza nikSepoM kA nAma nirdeza nikSepa ke bheda
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________________ viSaya voM ke jAnane ke upAya tatvoM kA vistRta jJAna prApta karane ke liye kucha anuyoga dvAroM kA nirdeza * samyagjJAna ke bheda pramANa carcA pramANa aura unake bheda matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI nAma [ 2 ] mati Adi paryAyavAcI haiM isakA samarthana anya mata kA ullekha - matijJAna kI pravRtti ke nimitta - matijJAna ke bheda 1 avagraha Adi kA svarUpa avagraha Adi ke viSayabhUta padArthoM ke bheda niHsRta-aniHsRta vicAra ukta anukta vicAra ukta padArthoM ke jJAna kA khulAsA vagraha Adi cAroM kA viSaya sUtra kA Azaya artha kI paribhASA artha kI anya paribhASA artha kI ubhayAtmakatA anyamata nirAsa vagraha kA dUsarA bheda ukta sUtroM kA Aya anya matakA nirdeza pRSTa 13 14 17 19 15 w 25 23 23 25. 25 27 30 31 31 32 32 32 33 33 34 35 35 35
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________________ [ 3 ] vipaya zrutajJAna kA svarUpa aura usake bheda avadhijJAna ke bheda aura unake svAmI mana:paryayajJAna ke bheda aura unakA antara avadhi aura manaH paryaya kA antara pA~coM jJAnoM ke biSaya eka sAtha eka AtmA meM kama se kama aura adhika se adhika kitane jJAna sambhava haiM isakA khulAsA mati Adi tInoM jJAnoM kI viparyatA aura usameM hetu naya ke bheda nayanarUpaNa kI pRSThabhUmi alaga se nayanirUpaNa kI sArthakatA nayanarUpaNa kI prANapratiSThA kA kAraNa jaina darzana se anya darzanoM meM antara nayakA sAmAnya lakSaNa nayake mukhya bheda aura unakA svarUpa naigamAdi nayA~kA svarUpa naigamanaya saMgrahanaya vyavahAra naya RjasUtra naya zabdanaya samabhirUr3hanaya evaMbhUtanaya pUrva-pUrva nayoM ke viSaya kI mahAnatA aura uttara uttara nayoM ke viSaya kI alpatA kA samarthana pRSTha 37 42 46 48 49 51 54 56 157 58 61 62 62 63 65 65 67 67 68 65 70 71 199
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________________ [ 4 ] viSaya mAtoM naya dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ina do bhAgoM meM baTe hue haiM paramparasApekSatA 1 m dusarA adhyAya pA~ca bhAva unake bheda aura udAharaNa svatattva vicAra kisake kitane bhAva hote haiM aupazamika bhAva ke bheda kSAyika bhAva ke bheda kSAyopazamika bhAva ke bheda audAyika bhAva ke bheda pAriNAmika bhAva ke bheda jIvakA lakSaNa upayoga ke bheda upayogake do bheda aura unakA viSaya anya prakArase upayogake do bheda jJAnopayogake ATha bheda darzanopayogake cAra bheda jIvoMke bheda saMsArI jIvoM ke bheda prabheda indriyoM kI saMkhyA, bheda prabheda, nAma nirdeza aura viSaya indriyoM ke svAmI antarAla gati sambandhI vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye yoga Adi vizeSa bAtoM kA varNana 9 , 88 106
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________________ viSaya yoga ke bheda gatikA niyama gati ke bheda va mukta jIva kI gati saMsArI jIvoM kI gati [ 5 ] anAhAraka kA kAla janma aura yoni ke bheda tathA unake svAmI kAla svAmI eka eka jIva ke sAtha labhya zarIroM kI saMkhyA upabhoga vicAra janma ke bheda yoni ke bheda 114 ki yoni meM kauna jIva janma lene haiN| isakA khulAsA janma ke svAmI 115 pA~ca zarIroMkA nAma nirdeza aura unake sambandha meM vizeSa vaNana 116 zarIra ke bheda aura unakI vyAkhyA 117 zarIroM meM uttarottara sUkSmatA 159 ukta pA~ca zarIroM ke dravya kA parimANa 119 antima do zarIroM kA svabhAva 120 121 122 122 123 124 126 327 127 janmasiddhatA aura naimittikatA vedoM ke svAmI vedoM kA svarUpa vyutpattyartha vedoM ke bheda kAla 98 106 108 508 109 110 1:2 113 113 127 128
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________________ pRSTa viSaya vibhAga AyuSa ke prakAra aura unake svAmI 132 142. tIsarA adhyAya nArakoM kA varNana lokakA vicAra adholoka kA vizeSa varNana bhUmiyoM ke nAma, moTAI va AdhAra narakAvAsa va paTala lezyA pariNAma xu .W WW.AMRI 143 144 145 145 vedanA vikriyA tona prakAra kI vedanA nArakoM kI Ayu gati Agati nArakoM meM zeSa jIvoM va dvIpa samudra AdikA kahA~ kisa prakAra saMbhava hai isakA khulAsA madhyaloka kA varNana dvIpa aura samudra vyAsa racanA va AkRti 149
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________________ pRSTaH 149 152 152 153 153 [ 7 ] viSaya jambUdvIpa aura usameM sthita kSetra, parvata aura nadI AdikA vistAra se varNana meru parvata kSetra aura parvata parvatakA raMga aura vistAra tAlAba aura prathama tAlAba kI lambAI Adi kamaloM aura tAlAboMkA vizeSa varNana kamaloM meM nivAsa karane vAlo deviyAM gaMgA Adi nadiyoMkA vizeSa varNana bharatAdi kSetroMkA vistAra aura vizeSa varNana kSetroM aura parvatoMkA vistAra zeSa kathana kSetroMmeM kAlamaryAdA dhAtakI khaNDa aura puSkarArdha videhoMkA vizeSa varNana puSkarAdha saMjJAkA kAraNa manuSyoM kA nivAsa sthAna aura bheda karmabhUmi vibhAga manuSyoM aura tiryacoMkI sthiti sthiti ke bheda kAyasthiti tiryacoM kI bhavasthiti aura kAyasthiti 160 1600 161. 165. 166 cauthA adhyAya devoM ke nikAya
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________________ 175 175 [8] viSaya Adike tIna nikAyoMkI lezyA cAra nikAyoM ke avAntara bheda cAra nikAyoM ke bhedoMke avAntara bheda prathama do nikAyoMmeM indroM kI saMkhyAkA niyama devoMmeM kAma sukha varNana bhavanavAsI aura vyantaroMke bhedoMkA varNana bhavanavAsiyoM ke bheda vyantaroMkA vizeSa varNana jyotiSkoM ke bheda aura unakA vizeSa varNana nivAsa sthAna cAra jyotipka kAla vibhAga kA kAraNa sthira jyotiTaka maNDala vaimAnikoM ke bheda aura unakA varNana naimAnika va unake bheda vaimAnika devoMmeM jina viSayoM kI uttarottara adhikatA vahInatA hai unakA nirdeza sthiti prabhAva 'sukha dhuti lejhyAvizuddhi indriyaviSaya avadhiviSaya gati 177 177 179 18 182 18.2
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________________ 184 [ ] viSaya zarIra parigraha abhimAna ucchvAsa AdikA varNana ucchvAsa AhAra vaimAnikoMmeM lezyA vicAra kalpoMkI gaNanA laukAntika devoMkA varNana anuttara vimAnake devoMke viSaya meM khAsa niyama tithaMcoM kA svarUpa bhavanavAsiyoM kI utkRSTa sthitikA varNana vaimAnikoMkI utkRSTa sthiti vaimAnikoMkI jaghanya sthiti nArakoMkI jaghanya sthiti bhavanavAsiyoM kI jaghanya sthiti vyantaroM kI sthiti jyotiSakoM kI sthiti laukAntikoM kI sthiti 187 187 188 160 191 194 196 196 197 pAMcavAM adhyAya 198 ajIvAstikAya ke bheda Ithara kA paricaya
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________________ [ 10 ] 200 viSaya kSetrakA paricaya AkAza kA paricaya ukta astikAyoM meM dravyapanekI svIkAratA jIvoM meM dravyapane kI svIkAratA mUla dravyoMkA sAdhaye aura vaidharma ukta dravyoMke pradezoMkI saMkhyA kA vicAra dravyoMke avagAha kSetrakAvicAra AdhArAdheyavicAra lokAlokavibhAga dharma, adharma, pudgala aura jIva dravya ke avagAhakA vicAra dharma aura adharma dravyoM ke kArya para prakAza AkAza drabyoMke kAryoM para prakAza pula dravyoM ke kAryoM para prakAza jIva dravyake kAryoM para prakAza kAla dravyake kAryo para prakAza pudgalakA lakSaNa aura usakI paryAya pudgaloMke bheda krama se skandha aura aNukI utpatti ke kAraNa acAkSuSa skandhake cAkSuSa banane meM hetu dravyakA lakSaNa sat kI vyAkhyA ___ sat kI paribhASA nityatvakA svarUpa pUrvokta kathana kI siddhi meM hetu sasilsangyongissjingissgyeongjeongjang 214 224 226 236 241 249 242 256 258
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________________ 259 260 263 264 266 268 269 270 270 [ 11 ] viSaya paudgalika bandhake hetu kA kathana bandhake sAmAnya niyama ke apavAda bandhake samaya honevAlI avasthAkA nirdeza prakArAntara se dravya kA svarUpa kAla dravyakI svIkAratA aura usakA kArya guNakA svarUpa pariNAma kA svarUpa chaThA adhyAya yoga aura prAstrava kA svarUpa yoga aura yogasthAna kisake kitane yoga hote haiM yogake bheda aura unakA kArya pariNAmoM ke AdhAra se yoga ke bheda svAmibheda se Asrava meM bheda sAmpradAyika karmAsravake bheda Asravake kAraNa samAna hone para bhI pariNAma bhedase AsravameM jo vizeSatA AtI hai usakA nirdeza adhikaraNa ke bheda prabheda ATha prakArake karmoM ke AsravoM ke bheda jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa karmoM ke AsravoMkA svarUpa asAtAvedanIya karmake AsavoM kA svarUpa mAtAvedanIya , " " darzanamohanIya , " " 272 272 272 275 278 280 284 288 288 290 291
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________________ [ 12 ] 292 " " 293 294 294 viSaya cAritramohanIya , " narakAyu , " tithaMcAyu karmake Atrava manuSyAyu ,, ,, cAroM AyuoM ke Azrava devAyu karma ke vaimAnika devoM kI Ayu ke AsraSa azubha nAma karma ke zubha , tIthakara , nIcagotra karma ke uccagotra ,, antarAya karma ke 296 296 300 sAtavA~ adhyAya vrata kA svarUpa vrata ke bheda vratoM kI bhAvanAeM kucha anya sAmAnya bhAvanAeM jinase ukta vratoM kI puSTi ho hiMsA kA svarUpa hiMsA kA lAkSaNika artha hiMsA kA mathitArtha jIvana kI sabase bar3I bhUla hI hiMsA kA kAraNa hai hiMsA ke bheda va usake kAraNa 314 316 My my my
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________________ [ 13 ] vipaya asatya kA svarUpa coro kA svarUpa abrahmakA svarUpa parigraha kA svarUpa vratI kA svarUpa vratI ke bheda agArI vratakA vizeSa khulAsA pA~ca aNuvrata tIna guNavata cAra zikSAvrata samyagdarzana ke atIcAra vrata aura zIla atIcAroM kI saMkhyA aura krama se unakA nirdeza ahiMsA vrata ke atIcAra satyAvata ke atIcAra acauryA ke atIcAra brahmacaryAta ke atIcAra parigrahaparimANata ke atIcAra digviracita ke atIcAra dezavirativrata ke atIcAra arthadaNDavirati vrata ke atIcAra sAmAyika vrata ke atIcAra startare ad ke bhatIcAra upabhogaparibhoga vrata ke atIcAra atithisaMvibhAga vrata ke atIcAra pRSTa 3.3 325 327 328 337 338 350 341 341 342 346 348 351 351 352 353 354 355 355 356 357 357 358 358
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________________ [ 14 ] viSaya sallekhanA vrata ke atIcAra dAna kA svarUpa aura usakI vizeSatA vidhi kI vizeSatA dravya kI vizepatA dAtA kI vizeSatA pAtra kI vizeSatA ___ur M r ur AThavA~ adhyAya 367 bandha ke hetuoM kA nirdeza mithyA darzana 0 pramAda 0 0 0 m Mmm Mmmmmm w kaSAya yoga bandhakA svarUpa aura usake bheda prakRtibandhake mUla bhedoM kA nAma nirdeza mUla pakRtiyoM kA svarUpa mUla prakRtiyoM ke pATha kramameM hetu mUla prakRtike avAntara bhedoM kI saMkhyA aura unakA nAma nirdeza jJAnAvaraNa ko pAMca aura darzanAvaraNa kI nau uttara prakRtiyAM vedanIya karma kI do uttara pakRtiyAM darzana mohanIya kI tIna prakRtiyAM kaSAyavedanIya ke solaha bheda cAra AyuH karma W 8 m mm
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________________ viSaya caudaha piNDa prakRtiyAM ATha pratyeka prakRtiyAM dazaka aura sthAvara dazaka gotrakarmakI do prakRtiyAM antarAya karma kI prakRtiyAM sthitibandha kA varNana anubhAgabandha kA varNana [ 15. ] anubhava kA kAraNa anubhava kI dvidhA prakRtti prakRtiyoM ke nAmAnurUpa unakA anubhava phaladAna ke bAda karma kI dazA pradezabandha kA varNana jIvaka paratantratA kA kAraNa karma hai| karma kA svarUpa karma kI vividha avasthAe puNya aura pApa prakRtiyoM kA vibhAga 42 puNya prakRtiyAM 82 pApa prakRtiyAM saMvara kA svarUpa saMvara kA upAya gupti kA svarUpa samiti ke bheda navAM adhyAya pRSTha 387 390 390 391 3912 392 394 394 394 3.26 396 397 398 399 400 404 405 405 407 413 415 415
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________________ pRSTha 417 419 420 410 421 [ 16 ] viSaya dharma ke bheda anuprekSAke bheda anityAnuprekSA azaraNAnuprekSA saMsArAnuprekSA ekatvAnuprekSA anyatvAnumekSA azuci anuprekSA AtravAnumekSA saMvarAnuprekSA nirjarAnuprekSA lokAnuprekSA bodhidurlabhAnuprekSA dharmasvAkhyAtattavAnuprakSA parISahoM kA varNana lakSaNa vicAra saMkhyA vicAra svAmI kAraNoM kA nirdeza eka sAtha eka jIva meM sambhava parISahoM kI saMkhyA cAritra ke bheda 'sAmAyika cAritra dodoSasthApanA , parihAravizuddhi , 421 122 karaze 424 427 429 429
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________________ viSaya sUkSmasAmparAya yathAkhyAta tapakA varNana bAhya tapa "" 12 svarUpa Abhyantara tapa prAyazcitta Adi tapoM ke bheda va unake nAma prAyazcitta ke nau bheda vinaya ke cAra bheda vaiyAvRtya ke dasa bheda svAdhyAyake pAMca bheda vyutsarga ke do bheda dhyAna kA varNana adhikArI [ 17 ] kAla aria ke bheda aura unakA phala dhyAna kA nirUpaNa raudradhyAna kA nirUpaNa dharma dhyAna kA nirUpaNa zukla dhyAna kA nirUpaNa svAmI bheda pRthaktvadhitarka vIcAra ekatva vitarka avIcAra sUkSmakriyA pratipAti pRSTha 43.1 433 431 432 433 433 434 435 436 436 436 437 437 438 438 439 439 441 441 442 443 444 444 445 446
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________________ [ 18 ] pRSTa viSaya vyuparatakriyAnivati dasa sthAnoM meM karma nirjarA kA taratamabhAva nigrantha ke bheda ATha bAtoM dvArA nigranthoM kA vizeSa varNana saMyama zruta pratisevanA 448 450 tIrtha liMga lezyA upapAda sthAna dasavAM adhyAya 452 kevalajJAnakI utpatti meM hetu mokSa kA svarUpa mokSa hone para jina bhAvoM kA abhAva hotA hai unakA nirdeza mokSa hote hI jo kArya hota hai usakA vizeSa vaNana bAraha bAtoM dvArA siddhoM kA vizeSa varNana kSetra kAla gati 454 455 458 458 458 455
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________________ [ 16 ] viSaya pRSTa liMga 455 tIrtha cAritra pratyekabodhita aura buddhabodhita jAna 459 460 560 avagAhana 460 antara saMkhyA alpabahutva
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________________ tattvArtha sUtra viveca na-sa hita
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________________ OM namo'hate bhagavate * AcArya gRddhapiccha racitatattvArtha sUtra vivecana sahita pahalA adhyAya saMsAra meM jitane jIva hai ve saba apanA hita cAhate haiM para yaha parAdhInatA se chuTakArA pAye binA sadha nahIM sktaa| isase svabhAvataH yaha jijJAsA hotI hai ki kyA jIva svAdhIna aura parAdhIna isa prakAra do bhAgoM meM baTe hue haiM ? yadi hA~ to sarva prathama yaha jAna lenA atyanta Avazyaka hai ki ve kauna se sAdhana haiM jinake prApta hone para jIva mvAdhIna ho sakatA hai| isa jijJAsA ko dhyAna meM rakha kara sUtrakAra sarva prathama svAdhIna hone ke sAdhanoM kA nirdeza karate haiM samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH // 1 // samyagdarzana, samyajJAna aura samyakcAritra ye tInoM milakara mokSa ( svAdhInatA ) ke sAdhana haiN| __isa sUtra meM mokSa ke sAdhanoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| yadyapi mokSa aura usake sAdhanoM ke svarUpa aura bhedoM kA vistAra se kathana Age kiyA jAnevAlA hai tathApi yahA~ saMkSepa meM unakA vivecana kara
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [1. 1. ____ saMsArI jIva ke karmamala aura zarIra anAdi kAla se sambandha ko prApta ho rahe haiM, isaliye inake dUra ho jAne para mAsa kA svarUpa jo jIva kI svAbhAvika zuddha avasthA prakaTa hotI hai usIkA nAma mokSa hai| jisa guNa ke nirmala hone para anya dravyoM se bhinna jJAnAdi guNava le AtmA ke astitva kI pratIti ho vaha samyagdarzana hai| samyagdarzana mokSake sAdhanoMkA ke sAtha (jIvAdi padArthoM kA) honevAlA yathArtha jJAna samyagjJAna hai| tathA rAga aura dveSa ko dUra svarUpa karane ke liye jJAnI puruSa kI jo caryA hotI hai vaha samyakacAritra hai| kiM vA rAga, dveSa aura yoga kI nivRtti hokara jo svarUparamaNa hotA hai vaha samyakacAritra hai| ukta tIna sAdhana krama se pUrNa hote haiN| sarva prathama samyagdarzana parNa hotA hai tadantara samyagjJAna aura anta meM samyakacAritra parNa hotA sImAnA hai| yataH ina tInoM kI pUrNatA hone para hI AtmA para " dravya se sarvathA mukta hokara pUrNa vizuddha hotA hai ataH ye tInoM mila kara mokSa ke sAdhana mAne haiN| inameM se eka bhI sAdhana ke apUrNa rahane para paripUrNa mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki sAdhanoM kI apUrNatA hI vivakSA bheda se sAdhya' kI apUrNatA hai / terahaveM guNasthAna ke prArambha meM samyagdarzana aura samyajJAna yadyapi pariparNarUpa meM pAye jAte haiM tathApi samyakcAritra ke pUrNa na hone se mokSa nahIM prApta hotaa| zaMkA-jaba ki dasaveM guNasthAna ke anta meM cAritramohanIya kA abhAva hokara bArahaveM guNasthAna ke prArambha meM pUrNa kSAyika cAritra prApta ho jAtA hai taba phira terahaveM guNasthAna meM ise apUrNa kyoM batalAyA gayA hai ? samAdhAna-cAritra kI pUrNatA kevala cAritramohanoya ke abhAva se
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________________ 1. 1.] mokSa aura usake sAdhana na ho kara yoga aura kaSAya ke abhAva se hotI hai| yataH yoga terahaveM guNasthAna ke anta taka vidyamAna rahatA hai, ataH terahaveM guNasthAna meM cAritra ko apUrNa batalAyA hai| __ zaMkA -yataH caudahaveM guNasthAna ke prathama samaya meM cAritra pUrNa ho jAtA hai, ataH usI samaya parNa mokSa kyoM nahIM prApta hotA? samAdhAna yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki samyakcAritra kI pUrNatA caudahaveM guNasthAna ke prathama samaya meM ho jAtI hai taba bhI saba karmoM kI nirjarA na hone se caudahaveM guNasthAna ke prathama samaya meM pUrNa mokSa nahIM prApta hotaa| ___ zaMkA-yadi aisA hai to samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ye tInoM mila kara mokSa ke sAdhana nahIM ho sakate ? samAdhAna-ina tInoM ke prApta hone para hI karmoM kI pUrNa rUpase nirjarA hotI hai isaliye ye tInoM milakara mokSa ke sAdhana kahe haiN| zaMkA-vAstava meM kevala samyakcAritra ko hI mokSa kA sAdhana kahanA cAhiye thA, kyoMki anta meM usI ke pUrNa hone para saba karmoM kI nirjarA hokara mokSa prApta hotA hai ? ___ samAdhAna-yaha sahI hai ki anta meM samyakacAritra pUrNa hotA hai kintu eka to ina tInoM ke nimitta se karmoM kA saMvara aura nirjarA hotI hai isaliye ina tInoM ko mokSa kA sAdhana kahA hai| dUsare samyagdarzana samyagjJAna kA kAraNa hai aura ye donoM milakara samyakacAritra ke kAraNa haiM, isaliye bhI ye tInoM milakara mokSa ke sAdhana haiN| zaMkA-bandha ke sAdhanoM meM ajJAna yA mithyAjJAna ko nahIM ginAyA hai isaliye mokSa ke sAdhanoM meM samyagjJAna ko ginAnA ucita nahIM hai ? . samAdhAna yaha heya hai yA upAdeya yaha viveka samyagjJAna se hI prApta hotA hai, isaliye mokSa ke sAdhanoM meM samyagjJAna ko ginAyA hai|
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [1. 1. yadyapi AtmA kA svabhAva darzana, jJAna aura cAritra hai phira bhI inake pIche samyak vizeSaNa pratipakSa bhAvoM ke nirAkaraNa karane ke liye diyA hai| bAta yaha hai ki saMsArI AtmA mohavaza samyak vizeSaNakI paNakA mithyAdRSTi ho rahA hai jisase usakA jJAna aura sArthakatA cAritra bhI viparItAbhiniveza ko liye hue ho rahA hai| cUMki yaha mokSa kA prakaraNa hai, isaliye yahA~ ina bhAvoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke liye darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ke pIche samyak vizeSaNa lagAyA hai| ina tInoM meM se samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna eka sAtha hote haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki jJAna meM samIcInatA samyagdarzana ke nimitta se AtI hai, isaliye jisa samaya darzanamohanIya ke upazama sAhacarya sambandha 5 yA kSayopazama se mithyAdarzana dUra ho kara samyagdarzana prApta hotA hai usI samaya mithyAjJAna kA nirAkaraNa ho kara samyagjJAna kI prApti hotI hai / jaise dhana paTala ke dUra hone para sUrya kA pratApa aura prakAza eka sAtha vyakta hote haiM usI prakAra samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna bhI eka sAtha vyakta hote haiM, isaliye ye donoM sahacArI haiM / kintu samyak cAritra kA isa viSaya meM aniyama hai| arthAt kisI ke samyakcAritra samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke sAtha prakaTa hotA hai aura kisI ke samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke prakaTa hone ke kucha kAla bAda prakaTa hotA haiN| taba bhI samyakcAritra akelA nahIM rahatA yaha nizcita hai| jaise skandha, zAkhA, pratizAkhA, patte, phUla aura gucchA ina sabake sivA vRkSa koI svataMtra padArtha nahIM, isaliye ye pratyeka vRkSasvarUpa haiN| mAnAra tathApi pratyeka ko sarvathA vRkSarUpa mAna lene para ye vRkSa ke aMga nahIM Thaharate, isaliye ye pratyeka vRkSarUpa nahIM bhI haiN| vaise hI darzana, jJAna aura cAritra Adi ananta dharmoM ke sivA AtmA koI svatantra padArtha nahIM hai isaliye ye hI pratyeka dharma AtmA
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________________ 1. 2.] samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa rUpa haiM / tathApi pratyeka ko sarvathA AtmArUpa mAna lene para ye AtmA ke dharma nahIM Thaharate, isaliye ye pratyeka AtmArUpa nahIM bhI haiN| isa prakAra vicAra karane para AtmA se ina darzana Adi kA kathaMcit abheda aura kathaMcit bheda prApta hotA hai| jaba abheda vivakSita hotA hai taba kata sAdhana dvArA darzana, jJAna aura cAritra zabda kI siddhi hotI hai| yathA jo dekhatA hai vaha darzana, jo jAnatA hai vaha jJAna aura jo AcaraNa karatA hai vaha cAritra / tathA jaba AtmA se darzana Adi meM bheda vivakSita hotA hai taba karaNa sAdhana yA bhAvasAdhana dvArA inakI siddhi hotI hai / yathA--jisake dvArA dekhA jAtA hai vaha darzana, jisake dvArA jAnA jAtA hai vaha jJAna aura jisake dvArA cayoM kI jAtI hai vaha cAritra / yA dekhane kA bhAva darzana, jAnane kA bhAva jJAna aura caryArUpa bhAva caaritr| sUtra meM jo 'mokSamArgaH' aisA eka vacana diyA hai so isase yaha sUcita hotA hai ki mokSa ke tIna mArga nahIM haiM kintu samyagdarzana, mokSamArgake ekatva samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritra ina tIna kA ekatva mokSa kA mArga hai| 'mokSamArga' kA artha hai AtmA kI zuddhi kA maarg| ina tInoM ke prApta ho jAne para aAtmA dravya karma, bhAva karma, aura nokarma se sarvathA rahita ho jAtA hai isaliye ye tInoM milakara mokSamArga hai aisA siddha hotA hai| 1 / samyagdarzana kA lakSaNatattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam // 2 // tattvarUpa artho kA zraddhAna karanA samyagdarzana hai| darzana zabda meM haz dhAtu hai jisakA artha dekhanA hai / para mokSa mArga kA prakaraNa hone se yahA~ usakA artha zraddhAna karanA liyA gayA hai|
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________________ .. * tattvArthasUtra . vaha dharma, jisake hone para para se bhinna svameM hI sva kA sAkSAt yA AgamAnusAra bodha hotA hai, samyagdarzana hai| Azaya yaha hai ki chadmastha jIvoM ko AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotA, kyoMki indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se honevAlA yA binA indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se honevAlA jitanA bhI kSAyopazamika jJAna hai vaha sAvaraNa hone se sabhI padArtho ko hI jAna sakatA hai / yataH AtmA arUpI hai isaliye usakA kSAyopazamika jJAna ke dvArA sAkSAtkAra na hokara nirAvaraNa jJAna ke dvArA hI sAkSAtkAra ho sakatA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki chadmastha jIva AgamAnusAra AtmA kA zraddhAna karate haiN| unakA amUrta padArtha viSayaka samasta anubhava AgamAzrita hai pratyakSajJAnAnita nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki prakRta meM 'darzana' kA artha zraddhAna kiyA hai| yaha zraddhAna vividha prakAra kA ho sakatA hai para vaha saba yahA~ vivakSita na ho kara aisA zraddhAna hI yahA~ vivakSita hai jo tattvArtha viSayaka ho / isIse sUtrakAra ne tattvArthazraddhAna ko samyagdarzana kahA hai / / 2 / / samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke hetu tannisargAdadhigamAdvA // 3 // vaha (samyagdarzana ) nisarga se arthAt upadeza rUpa bAhya nimitta ke binA yA adhigama se arthAt upadeza rUpa bAhya nimitta se utpanna hotA hai| yadyapi nisarga kA artha svabhAva hai aura adhigama kA artha jJAna, tathApi prakRta meM nisarga aura adhigama ye donoM sApekSa zabda nibharasiyara hone se eka zabda kA jo artha liyA jAyagA dUsare zabda kA artha . zabda kA usase ThIka ulaTA artha hogaa| yaha to - mAnI huI bAta hai ki samyagdarzana kI utpattimAtra meM jJAna kI apekSA rahatI hai| binA tattvajJAna ke samyagdarzana utpanna
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________________ gamaja utpati 1. 3.] samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke hetu nahIM hotA, ataH prakRta meM adhigama kA artha jJAna na lekara paropadeza liyA hai| aura jaba adhigama kA artha paropadeza huA to nisarga kA artha paropadeza ke binA apane Apa phalita ho jAtA hai| jaise bacce ko apanI mAtRbhASA sIkhane ke liye kisI upadezaka kI nija aura adhi, AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / vaha prati dina ke vyavahAra PA se hI use svayaM sIkha letA hai, kintu anya o bhASA ke sIkhane ke liye use upadezaka lagatA hai| " usI prakAra jo samyagdarzana upadeza ke binA nisarga se utpanna hotA hai vaha nisargaja samyagdarzana hai aura jo samyagdarzana paropadeza se paidA hotA hai vaha adhigamaja samyagdarzana hai| yahA~ itanA vizeSa samajhanA ki nisargaja samyadarzana kI utpatti meM tattvajJAnajanya pUrva saMskAra kAma karatA hai aura adhigamaja samyagdarzana kI utpatti meM sAkSAt paropadeza kAma karatA hai| Agama meM samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke aneka nimitta batalAye haiN| naraka gati meM tIna nimitta batalAye haiM-jAtismaraNa, dharmazravaNa aura anya sAdhanoM kA vedanAbhibhava / inameM se dharmazravaNa yaha nimitta samanvaya tIsare naraka taka hI pAyA jAtA hai, kyoMki devoM kA AnA jAnA tIsare naraka taka hI hotA hai, Age ke narakoM meM nhiiN| tiyaca gati aura manuSya gati meM tIna nimitta pAye jAte haiM-jAtismaraNa, dharmazravaNa aura jinabimbadarzana / devagati meM cAra nimitta batalAye haiM-jAtismaraNa, dharmazravaNa, jinamahimAdarzana aura devaRddhidarzana / ye cAroM nimitta sahasrAra svarga taka pAye jAte haiN| Age devaRddhi darzana yaha nimitta nahIM pAyA jaataa| usameM bhI nau praiveyakavAsI devoM ke jAtismaraNa aura dharmazravaNa ye do nimitta pAye jAte haiN| nau anudiza aura pA~ca anuttara ke deva samyagdRSTi hI hote haiM ataeva vahA~ samyadarzana kI utpatti ke nimitta nahIM batalAye / inameM se
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________________ ghAnatA tattvArthasUtra [1. 3. dharmazravaNa isa nimitta ko chor3a kara zeSa nimittoM se utpanna honevAlA samyagdarzana nisargaja hai, kyoMki isa samyagdarzana ke utpanna hone meM paropadeza kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI aura dharmazravaNa isa nimitta se utpanna honevAlA samyagdarzana adhigamaja hai, kyoMki yaha samyagdarzana paropadeza se utpanna huA hai| isI prakAra jo AjJAsamyaktva Adi rUpa se samyagdarzana ke dasa bheda ginAye haiM so unakA bhI ina donoM prakAra ke samyagdarzanoM meM vicAra kara antarbhAva kara lenA caahiye| ___ eka aisI mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka kArya kA kAla niyata hai usI sagaya HT vaha kArya hotA hai anya kAla meM nhiiN| jo pelA " mAnate haiM ve kAla ke sivA anya nimittoM ko nahIM maante| para vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki unakA aisA mAnanA yuktiyukta nahIM hai, kyoMki kArya kI utpatti meM jaise kAla eka nimitta hai vaise anya bhI nimitta haiM, ataH kArya kI utpatti meM kevala kAla ko pradhAna kAraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| aba taka samyadarzana kI utpatti ke bAhya kAraNoM kA vicAra kiyA aba una kAraNoM kA vicAra karate haiM jinake hone para samyagdarzana niyama nAva se utpanna hotA hai| samyagdarzana AtmA kA svabhAva __ rana kAraNa " hai para vaha darzanamohanIyakarma se ghAtita ho rahA " hai| kintu jaba darzanamohanIyakarma kA abhAva hotA hai taba AtmA kA vaha svabhAva prakaTa ho jAtA hai aura ise hI samyagdarzana kI utpatti kahate haiN| darzanamohanIyakarma kA yaha abhAva tIna prakAra se hotA hai upazama se kSaya se aura kSayopazama se| jaise jala meM katakAdi dravya ke DAlane se kIcar3a baiTha jAtA hai aura pAnI nirmala ho jAtA hai / yadyapi yahA~ kIcar3a kA jala meM se prabhAva nahIM huA, vaha vahA~ vidyamAna hai, phira bhI vaha usa avasthA meM kAma nahIM karatA hai| isI prakAra darzanamohanIyakarma ke upazama ho jAne se samyagdarzana guNa
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________________ 1. 3.] samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke hetu prakaTa ho jAtA hai| ise upazama samyagdarzana kahate haiN| Agama meM upazama ke do bheda kiye haiM karaNopazama aura akaraNopazama / adhaHkaraNa, apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa ke dvArA jo upazama hotA hai vaha karaNopazama hai aura isake sivA zeSa upazama akaraNopazama kahalAtA hai / prakRta meM upazama se karaNopazama liyA hai isake hone para auparAmika samyagdarzana prakaTa hotA hai| jo samyagdarzana kSaya se hotA hai vaha kSAyika mamyagdarzana hai / kSayakA artha hai karma kA AtmA se sarvathA judA ho jaanaa| yahA~ samyagdarzana kA prakaraNa hai, isa liye jo karma samyagdarzana ke pratibandhaka haiM unakA abhAva hI vivakSita hai| jo samyagdarzana karmo ke kSayopazama se hotA hai vaha kSAyopazamika samyagdarzana hai / kSayopazama kA artha hai kSaya aura upazama / isameM samyagdarzana ke pratibandhaka karmoM ke vartamAna sarvaghAtI niSekoM kA udayAbhAvI kSaya, AgAmI kAla meM udaya meM Ane vAle sarvaghAtI spardhakoM kA sadavasthArUpa upazama aura dezaghAtI sparghakoM kA udaya rahatA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki yaha samyagdarzana dezaghAtI mpardhakoM ke udaya kI pradhAnatA se hotA hai| isa prakAra samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke 'antaraMga sAdhana samyagdarzana ke virodhI karmo kA upazama, kSaya yA kSayopazama hai yaha siddha hotA hai / tattvataH samyagdarzana eka hai| ye tIna bheda nimitta kI pradhAnatA se kiye gaye haiM, isaliye yahA~ unakA usI rUpa se vivecana kiyA hai // 3 // tattvoM kA nAma nirdezajIvAjIvAsravabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam // 4 // jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye tattva hai| ye jIvAdi sAta tattva haiM jinakA isa grantha meM vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| tathApi yahA~ unake svarUpa kA saMkSepa meM nirdeza karate haiN|
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [1. 4. jIva kA mukhya svabhAva cetanA hai jo jJAnAdika ke bheda se aneka prakArakI hai| ajIva isase viparIta svabhAvavAlA hai| zubha aura azubha karmoM ke Ane ke dvArarUpa Asrava tattva hai| AtmA aura karmA ke pradezoM kA paraspara mila jAnA bandha hai| Asrava kA rokanA saMvara hai| dhIre dhIre karmoM kA judA honA nirjarA hai aura saba karmoM kA AtmA se judA ho jAnA mokSa hai| __ zaMkA-samayasAra Adi granthoM meM puNya aura pApa ko milA kara nau padArtha kaha gaye hai, isa liye yahA~ tattva sAta na kaha kara nau kahane caahiye| samAdhAna-yaha sahI hai ki samayasAra Adi granthoM meM padArtha nau kahe gaye haiM tathApi puNya aura pApa kA antarbhAva Asrava aura bandha meM ho jAtA hai, isaliye yahA~ nau tattva na kahakara tattva sAta hI kahe haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki ye puNya aura pApa Asrava aura bandha ke hI avAntara bheda haiM, isaliye zrAsrava aura bandhakA vizeSa vivecana karane se puNya aura pApa kA svarUpa samajha meM A hI jAtA hai isaliye yahA~ inakA alagase nirdeza nahIM kyaa| zaMkA-yadi aisA hai to AsravAdi pA~ca tattvoM kA bhI alaga se kathana nahIM karanA cAhiye, kyoMki ye bhI jIva aura ajIva ke bheda haiM ? ___ samAdhAna-yadyapi yaha kahanA sahI hai ki AsravAdi pA~ca tattva jIva aura ajIva ke bheda hone se inakA kathana alaga se nahIM karanA cAhiye, tathApi yahA~ mokSa kA prakaraNa hai aura usakI prApti meM inakA jJAna karAnA Avazyaka hai isa liye inakA alaga se vivecana kiyA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki prastuta zAstra kI racanA Atmahita kI dRSTi se kI gaI hai aura saJcA Atmahita mokSa kI prAti hue binA sadha nahIM sakatA, isa liye mokSa kI prApti meM mukhya rUpa se jina vastuoM kA jJAna karAnA
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________________ 1. 5.] nikSepoM kA nAma nirdeza Avazyaka hai unakA yahA~ tattvarUpa se ullekha kiyA hai| mukhya sAdhya mAkSa hai isa liye sAta tattvoM meM mokSa kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| kintu isake pradhAna kAraNoM ko jAne binA mokSamArga meM pravRtti ho nahIM sakatI, isa liye sAta tatvoM meM mokSa ke pradhAna kAraNa rUpa se savara aura nirjarA kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| mokSa saMsAra pUrvaka hotA hai aura saMsAra ke pradhAna kAraNa Asrava aura bandha hai, isa liye sAta tattvoM meM inakA nAmollekha kiyA hai| kintu yaha saba vyavasthA jIva aura ajIva ke saMyoga aura viyoga para avalambita hai. isa liye ina donoM kA sAta tattvoM meM nAmollekha kiyA hai| isa prakAra Atmahita ko cAhanevAle jijJAsu ko ina sabako jAna lenA Avazyaka hai isa liye tattva sAta kahe hai| mokSa kA adhikArI jIva hai isa liye to jIva tattva kahA gyaahai| kintu jIva kI azuddha avasthA ke hone meM pudgala nimitta hai, isa liye ajIva tattva kahA gayA hai| jIva aura ajIva kA saMyoga AsravapUrvaka hotA hai isa liye Asrava aura bandha tattva kahe gaye haiN| aba yadi apanI azuddha avasthA aura pudala kI nimittatA se chuTakArA pAnA hai to vaha saMvara aura nirjarApUrvaka hI prApta ho sakatA hai isa liye saMbara aura nirjarA tattva kahe gaye haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki yahA~ saMsAra ke saba padArthoM ko batalAne kI dRSTi se sAta tattvoM kA vivevana na karake AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vivecana kiyA gayA hai // 4 // nikSepoM kA nAma nirdeza nAmasthApanAdravyabhAvatastannyAsaH // 5 // nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAvarUpa se unakA arthAt sampagdarzana Adi aura jIva Adi kA nyAsa arthAt nikSepa hotA hai| loka meM yA Agama meM jitanA zabda vyavahAra hotA hai vaha kahA~
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________________ tatvArthasUtra [1.5. kisa apekSA se kiyA jA rahA hai isa gutthI ko sulajhAnA hI nikSepa minAko vyavasthA kA kAma hai| prayojana ke anusAra eka hI ' zabda ke aneka artha ho jAte haiN| mahAbhArata meM 'azvatthAmA hataH' yudhiSThira ke itane kahanemAtra se yuddha kI dizA hI badala gaI / 'Aja mahAvIra bhagavAna kA janma dina hai' yaha sunate hI suSupta dhArmika vRtti jAga uThatI hai| vaha dina mahAna dina pratIta hone lagatA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki eka hI zabda prasaMgAnusAra vividha arthoM kA jatAnevAlA ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra yadi eka zabda ke mukhya artha dekhe jA~ya to ve cAra hote haiN| ye hI cAra artha usa zabda ke artha ko dRSTi se cAra bheda haiN| aise bheda hInyAsa yA nikSepa kahalAte haiN| inako jAna lene se prakRta artha kA bodha hotA hai aura aprakRta artha kA nirAkaraNa / isI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakha kara sUtrakArane prakRta sUtra meM nikSepa ke cAra bheda kiye haiN| isase yahA~ samyagdarzana aura jIvAjIvAdi kA kyA atha iSTa hai yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai| ve nikSepa ye haiM-nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva / 1 --jisameM vyutpatti kI pradhAnatA nahIM hai kintu jo mAtA, pitA yA itara logoM ke saMketa bala se jAnA jAtA hai vaha artha nAma nikSepa kA viSaya hai| jaise-eka aisA Adamo jisameM pujArI ke yogya eka bhI guNa nahIM haiM para kisI ne jisakA nAma pujArI rakhA hai vaha nAma pujArI hai / 2-jo vastu asalI vastu kI pratikRti, mUrti yA citra hai yA jisameM asalI vastu kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai vaha sthApanA nikSepa kA viSaya hai| jaise kisI pujArI kI mUrti yA citra Adi / 3-jo artha bhAva kA pUrva yA uttara rUpa ho vaha dravya nikSepa kA viSaya hai| jaise-jo vartamAna meM pUjA nahIM kara rahA hai kintu kara cukA hai yA karegA vaha dravyapujArI hai| jisa artha meM zabda kA vyutpatti * nAma do taraha ke hote haiM-~-yaugika aura raudika / pujArI, rasoiyA
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________________ 1. 6.] tattvoM ke jAnane ke upAya yA pravRttinimitta vartamAna meM barAbara ghaTita ho vaha bhAva nikSepa kA viSaya hai| jaise-jo vartamAna meM pUjA karatA hai vaha bhAva pujArI hai| ___ isI prakAra samyagdarzana Adi ke aura jIva ajIva Adi tattvoM ke bhI cAra cAra nikSepa kiye jA sakate haiM parantu yahA~ ve saba bhAvarUpa hI liye haiN| inameM se prArambha ke tIna nikSepa sAmAnyarUpa hone se dravyArthika naya ke viSaya haiM aura bhAva paryAya rUpa hone se paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya hai // 5 // tattvoM ke jAnane ke upAya pramANanayairadhigamaH // 6 // pramANa, aura nayoM se padArtho kA jJAna hotA hai| jitanA mI samIcIna jJAna hai vaha pramANa aura naya ina do bhAgoM meM baTA huA hai| aMza-aMzI yA dharma-dharmI kA bheda kiye binA vastu kA jo akhaNDa jJAna hotA hai vaha pramANajJAna hai tathA dharma-dharmI kA bheda hokara dharma dvArA vastu kA jo jJAna hotA hai vaha nayajJAna hai / matijJAna, avadhijJAna manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye cAra jJAna aise haiM jo dharmadharmI kA bheda kiye binA vastu ko jAnate haiM isaliye ye sabake sava pramANa jJAna haiN| kintu zrutajJAna vicArAtmaka hone se usameM kabhI dharma-dharmI kA bheda kiye binA vastu pratibhAsita hotI hai aura kabhI dharma-dharmI kA bheda hokara vastu kA bodha hotA hai| jaba jaba dharma dharmI kA bheda kiye vinA vastu pratibhAsita hotI hai taba taba vaha zrutajJAna pramANajJAna Adi yaugika zabda haiM aura gAya bhaiMsa Adi raudika zabda haiN| yaugika zabda jisa artha ko kahate haiM usameM zabda kA vyutpattinimitta ghaTita hotA hai aura rauDhika zabda jisa artha ko kahate haiM usameM zabda kA pravRttinimitti ghaTita hotA hai|
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________________ 14 tattvArthasUtra . [1. 6. kahalAtA hai aura jaba jaba usameM dharma-dharmI kA bheda hokara dharma dvArA vantu kA jJAna hotA hai taba taba vaha nayajJAna kahalAtA hai| isI kAraNa se nayoM ko zrutajJAna kA bheda batalAyA hai| udAharaNArtha 'jIva hai| aisA manakA vikalpa pramANajJAna hai| yadyapi jIvakA vyutpattyartha 'jo jItA hai vaha jIva' isa prakAra hotA hai tathApi jisa samaya 'jIva hai? yaha vikalpa manameM AyA usa samaya usa vikalpadvArA 'jo cetanAdi ananta guNoM kA piNDa hai' vaha padArtha samajhA gayA isa liye yaha jJAna pramANajJAna hI huaa| tathA nityatva dharma dvArA 'AtmA nitya hai' aisA mana kA vikalpa nayajJAna hai kyoMki yahA~ dharma-dharmI kA bheda hokara eka dharma dvArA dharmA kA bodha huaa| Azaya yaha hai ki indriya aura manakI sahAyatA se yA indriya aura manakI sahAyatA ke binA jo padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai vaha sabakA saba pramANajJAna hai kintu usake bAda usa padArtha ke viSaya meM usakI vividha avasthAoM kI apekSA kramazaH jo vividha mAnasika vikalpa hote haiM ve saba nayajJAna haiN| pramANa ko jo sakalAdezI aura naya ko jo vikalAdezI kahA hai usakA yahI bhAva hai| isa prakAra pramANa aura nayoM se padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai yaha nizcita hotA hai / 6 // tatvoM kA vistRta jJAna prApta karane ke liye kucha anuyogadvAroM kA nirdeza nirdezasvAmitvasAdhanAdhikaraNasthitividhAnataH // 7 // satsaMkhyAkSetrasparzanakAlAntarabhAvAlpabahutvaizca // 8 // nirdeza, svAmitva, sAdhana, adhikaraNa sthiti aura vidhAna se| tathA sat, saMkhyA, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, antara, bhAva aura alpabahuMtva se samyagdarzana Adi kA jJAna hotA hai| yadi kisI vastu kA jJAna prApta karanA ho yA jJAna karAnA ho to isake liye 1-usa vastu kA nAma kyA hai, 2-usakA svAmI kauna
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________________ 1. 7.8.] tattvoM ke jAnane ke upAya hai, 3-kina sAdhanoM se vaha banI hai, 4-vaha kahA~ rakhI rahatI hai, 5---usakI kAla maryAdA kyA hai aura 6---usake bheda kitane haiM ina chaha bAtoM kA jJAna karanA karAnA Avazyaka hai| yadi itanI bAteM jAna lI jAtI haiM to usa vastu kA paripUrNa jJAna samajhA jAtA hai| Agama meM ye chaha anuyogadvAra kahalAte haiN| vahA~ mUla vastu ko samajhane ke liye ina chaha bAtoM kA jJAna karanA Avazyaka batalAyA hai| isake atirikta vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye ATha anuyogadvAra aura batalAye haiN| prastuta do sUtroM meM inhIM anuyogadvAroM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| adhikatara Agama granthoM meM jIvAdi padArthoM ke kathana karane ke do prakAra dRSTigocara hote haiN| prathama prakAra to yaha hai ki anya AdhAra ke binA vastu kA svarUpa, usakA svAmI, usake utpatti ke sAdhana, usake rahane kA AdhAra, usakI kAla maryAdA aura usake bheda ina saba bAtoM kA kathana kiyA jAya aura dUsarA prakAra yaha hai ki jIvAdi padArthoM ke astitva Adi kA kathana sAmAnya se yA guNasthAna va gati Adi mArgaNAoM ke AdhAra se kiyA jaay| sUtrakAra ne prastuta donoM sUtroM meM prarUpaNAoM ke inhIM donoM kramoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| yahA~ ukta donoM prakAra kI prarUpaNAoM ko lekara saMkSepa meM samyagdarzana para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| ___ 1 nirdeza-'tattvazraddhA samyagdarzana hai' aisA kathana karanA nirdeza hai| 2 svAmitva-sAmAnya se samyagdarzana jIva ke hI hotA hai, ajIva ke nahIM; kyoMki vaha jIva kA dharma hai| 3 sAdhana-sAdhana do prakAra kA hai-antaraGga aura bAhya / darzana mohanIya kA upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama ye samyagdarzana ke antaraMga sAdhana haiN| inameM se kisI eka ke hone para samyagdarzana hotA hai| tathA jAtismaraNa, dharmazravaNa, pratimAdarzana, vedanAbhibhava Adi bAhya sAdhana haiN| 4 adhikaraNa---- samyagdarzana jIva meM hI hotA hai, anyatra nahIM, isaliye samyagdarzana
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [ 1. 7. 8. kA adhikaraNa jIva hI hai| 5 sthiti-aupazAmika samyagdarzana kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti antamuhata hai| saMsArI jIva ke kSAyika samyagdarzana kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta hai aura utkRSTa sthiti ATa varSa antarmuharta kama do pUrvakoTi adhika tetIsa sAgara hai| yadyapi kSAyika samyagdarzana sAdi ananta hai para yahA~ usakI sthiti usake dhAraka jIva ke saMsAra meM rahane kI apekSA se batalAI hai| kSAyopa zamika samyagdarzana kI jaghanya sthiti antamuhUrta hai aura utkRSTa sthiti chayAsaTha sAgara hai| 6 vidhAna-sAmAnya se samyagdarzana eka hai, nisageja aura adhimagaja ke bheda se do prakArakA hai| aupazamika Adi ke bheda se tIna prakArakA hai| zabdoM kI apekSA samyagdarzana ke saMkhyAta bheda haiM, zraddhAna karanevAloM kI apekSA asaMkhyAta bheda haiM, aura zraddhAna karane yogya padArthoM kI apekSA ananta bheda haiN| jaisA ki pahale likha Aye haiM Agama meM sat saMkhyA Adi ATha arUpaNAoM kA kathana sAmAnya se yA guNasthAna aura mArgaNAoM kI apekSA se kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ ina saba kI apekSA kathana karane se viSaya bar3ha jAtA hai isaliye sAmAnya se nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai| vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye sarvArthasiddhi dekheN| . 1 sat-samyatva AtmA kA guNa hai isaliye vaha saba jIvoM ke pAyA jAtA hai para vaha bhavya jIvoM meM hI prakaTa hotA hai| 2 saMkhyA-samyagdRSTi kitane haiM isa apekSA se samyagdarzana kI saMkhyA batalAI jAtI hai| saMsAra meM samyagdRSTi palya ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa haiM aura mukta samyagdRSTi ananta haiN| __3 kSetra-samyagdRSTi jIva loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa kSetra meM 'pAye jAte haiM, isaliye samyagdarzana kA kSetra loka kA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga huaa| para kevalisamuddhAta ke samaya yaha jIva saba loka ko bhI vyApta kara letA hai, isaliye samyagdarzana kA sarvaloka kSetra bhI prApta hotA hai /
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________________ 1. 9.] samyagjJAna ke bheda 17 4 sparzana -- samyagdRSTiyoM ne loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kSetra kA, trasa nAlI ke caudaha bhAgoM meM se kucha kama ATha bhAga pramANa kSetra kA aura sayogakevalI kI apekSA sarvaloka kSetra kA sparzana kiyA hai| 5 kAla-eka jIva kI apekSA samyagdarzana kA kAla sAdi-sAnta aura sAdi ananta donoM prakAra kA prApta hotA hai para nAnA jIvoM kI apekSA vaha anAdi-ananta hai, kyoMki samyagdRSTi jIva sadA pAye jAte haiN| 6 antara ---nAnA jIvoM kI apekSA antara nahIM hai| eka jIva kI apekSA jaghanya antara antamu hUte aura utkRSTa antara kucha kama adha. pudgala parivartana pramANa hai| ____7 bhAva --samyagdRSTiM yaha aupazamika, kSAyopazamika yA kSAyika bhAva hai| 8 alpabahutva - aupazamika samyagdRSTi sabase thor3e haiN| unase saMsArI kSAyika samyagdRSTi asaMkhyAtaguNe hai| una se kSAyopazamika samyagdRSTi asaMkhyAtaguNe hai / una se mukta kSAyika samyagdRSTi anantaguNe haiM / / 7-8 / / samyagjJAna ke bhedamatizrutAvadhimanaHparyayakevalAni jJAnam / / 9 / / mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ye pA~ca jJAna haiN| prastuta sUtra meM samyagjJAna ke pA~ca bheda kiye haiN| yadyapi sUtra meM sirpha jJAna pada haiM samyagjJAna pada nahIM, tathApi samyaktva kA adhikAra hone se yahA~ jJAna se samyagjJAna hI liyA gayA hai| isa se yaha bAta aura phalita hotI hai ki samyaktva sahacarita jitanA bhI jJAna hotA hai vaha sabakA saba samyagjJAna rUpa ho hotA hai| samyagjJAna kA lakSaNa hI yaha hai ki samyaktva sahita jo jJAna vaha samyagjJAna /
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [1. 9. zaMkA-tattvataH samyagjJAna kA lakSaNa jo vastu ko yathAvat jAne vaha samyagjJAna; aisA honA caahiye| para prakRta meM usakA aisA lakSaNa na karake samyaktva sahita jJAna ko samyagjJAna kahA hai so kyoM ? samAdhAna--- vyabahAra meM yA nyAyazAstra meM jaise viSaya kI dRSTi se jJAna kI pramANatA aura aprasAraNatA kA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai, arthAta jo jJAna ghar3e ko ghar3A jAnatA hai vaha pramANajJAna mAnA jAtA hai aura jo jJAna vastu ko vaisA nahIM jAnatA hai vaha apramANa jJAna mAnA jAtA hai| vaise hI adhyAtma zAstra meM jise Atmaviveka prApta hai usakA jJAna samyagjJAna mAnA gayA hai aura jise Atmaviveka nahIM prApta hai usakA jJAna mithyAjJAna mAnA gayA hai| adhyAtma zAstra meM bAhya vastu ke jAnane aura na jAnane ke AdhAra se samyagjJAna aura mithyAjJAna kA vicAra nahIM kiyA jAtA, kyoMki yaha jJAna jJAna ke bAhya sAdhanoM para avalambita hai| para vAhya vastu ke honAdhika yA viparIta jAnane mAtra se samyaktvI kA adhyAtmadRSTi se kucha bhI bigAr3a nahIM hotA; usakA vAstavika vigAr3a to taba ho jaba vaha Atmaviveka ko hI kho baitthe| para samyaktva ke rahate hue aisA hotA nahIM, vaha sadA hI vAsanAoM se chuTakArA pAne aura Atmika unnati karane ke lie chaTapaTAtA rahatA hai / isI kAraNa se samyaktvI ke jJAna mAtra ko samyagjJAna kahA hai| __aise samyagjJAna pA~ca haiM-matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna / pratyeka AtmA kA svabhAva jJAna hai aura vaha kisI bhI prakAra kI apekSA se rahita hai, isalie kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai| kintu saMsArI AtmA anAdi kAla se karma-bandhana se baddha hone ke kAraNa usakA vaha kevalajJAna ghAtita ho rahA hai aura isa ghAta ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI jJAna ke ukta pA~ca bheda ho jAte haiN| ina
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________________ 19 1. 10. 11. 12.] pramANa carcA jJAnoM kA vistRta varNana isI adhyAya meM Age kiyA hI hai isalie yahA~ unake svarUpa kA nirdezamAtra karate haiM 1- indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se jo jJAna hotA hai vaha matijJAna hai / 2-matijJAna se jAne hue padArtha kA avalambana lekara matijJAnapUrvaka jo anya padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai vaha zratajJAna hai| 3dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI maryAdA liye hue indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA jo rUpo padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai vaha avadhijJAna hai| 4-dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI maryAdA liye hue jo indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA dUsare ke mana kI avasthAoM kA jJAna hotA hai vaha manaHparyayajJAna hai / 5-tathA jo trikAlavartI samasta padArthoM ko yugapat jAnatA hai. vaha kevalajJAna hai / / 9 / / pramANa carcAtat pramANe // 10 // Aye parokSam // 11 // pratyakSamanyat // 12 // vaha pA~coM prakAra kA jJAna do pramANarUpa hai| prathama ke do jJAna parokSa pramANa hai| zeSa saba jJAna pratyakSa pramANa haiN| aMza aMzI yA dharma-dharmIkA bheda kiye binA vastu kA jo jJAna hotA hai vaha pramANajJAna hai| pramANajJAna kA yaha sAmAnya lakSaNa ukta pramANa yora usake pA~coM jJAnoM meM pAyA jAtA hai isalie ve pA~coM hI jJAna pramANa mAne gaye haiN| tathApi vaha pramANa eka ma prakAra kA nahIM hai kintu parokSa aura pratyakSa ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| inameM se jo jJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [1. 10. 11. 12. se utpanna hotA hai vaha parokSa hai aura jo jJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA kevala AtmA kI yogyatA ke yathAyogya bala se utpanna hotA hai vaha pratyakSa hai| ukta pA~coM jJAna apanI apanI yogyatAnusAra pramANa ke ina do bhedoM meM ba~Te hue haiM; mati aura zruta ye do jJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone ke kAraNa parokSa pramANa kahalAte haiM tathA avadhi, manaparyaya aura kevala ye tIna jJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA sirpha AtmA kI yogyatA se utpanna hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa pramANa kahalAte haiN| ___ rAjavArtika Adi granthoM meM avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevalajJAna ko pratyakSa pramANa mAna kara bhI matijJAna ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna va Agama ina jJAnoM ko parokSa kahA hai parantu yahA~ pratyakSa aura parokSa kA yaha lakSaNa svIkRta nahIM hai| yahA~ to parokSa meM para zabda se indriya aura mana tathA prakAza aura upadeza Adi bAhya sAdhana liye haiM tathA pratyakSa meM akSa zabda se AtmA liyA hai, isalie isa vyavasthA ke anusAra matijJAna bhI yadyapi parokSa pramANa ThaharatA hai tathApi rAjavArtika Adi meM laukika dRSTi se use pratyakSa kahA hai| anya darzanoM meM akSa kA artha indriya karake indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa aura usake sivA zeSa jJAnoM ko parokSa batalAyA hai| kintu pratyakSa aura parokSa ke isa lakSaNa ke anusAra yogI kA jJAna pratyakSa nahIM ThaharatA jo ukta darzanakAroM ko bhI iSTa nahIM hai| ataH pratyakSa aura parokSa ke ve hI lakSaNa yuktiyukta haiM jo prArambha meM diye haiN| matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI nAma matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAntaram // 13 //
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________________ 1. 13.] matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI nAma mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha ye zabda ekArtha prastuta sUtra meM jo mati, smRti Adi zabda kahe gaye haiM ye matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI nAma haiM yA ina zabdoM dvArA matijJAna ke bheda kahe gaye hai ? yaha eka zaMkA hai jisake samucita uttara meM hI isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA sannihita hai, isaliye sarvaprathama isI para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai Agama granthoM meM jJAna ke pA~ca bheda batalAte hue matijJAna isa nAma ke sthAna meM Abhinibodhika jJAna yaha nAma AyA hai, kintu dhIre dhIre matijJAna zabda rUr3ha hone lgaa| sarvaprathama AcAye kundakunda ke granthoM meM matijJAna zabda pAyA jAtA hai| isake bAda tattvArthasUtra meM yaha nAma AyA hai| isase itanA to spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki Agama granthoM meM zrAbhinibodhika jJAna kA jo artha iSTa hai tattvArthasUtra meM vahI artha matijJAna nAhI zabda se liyA gayA hai| aba hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki vAcI haiM isakA Agama meM Abhinibodhika jJAna kA kyA artha svIkRta " hai ? vAstava meM dekhA jAya to mUla granthoM meM kisI bhI zabda kA lAkSaNika artha nahIM pAyA jAtA / tathApi vahA~ jo isa jJAna ke avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA pramugva tIna sau chattIsa bheda kiye haiM isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bahuta prAcIna kAla se Abhinibodhika jJAna kA artha 'jo jJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se vartamAna viSaya ko jAnatA hai vaha Abhinibodhika jJAna hai aisA hotA AyA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI matijJAna ke ve hI tIna sau chattIsa bheda ginAye haiM, ataH isase jAnA jAtA hai ki yahA~ bhI matijJAna kA vahI artha vivakSita hai jo AgamoM meM Abhinibodhika jJAna kA liyA gayA hai / isa prakAra matijJAna ke kevala vartamAnagrAhI
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________________ 22 tatvArtha sUtra [ 1. 13. Thaharane para usameM smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka aura anumAna jJAna ke antarbhAva na ho sakane se mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha inheM matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI hI mAnane cAhiye, matijJAna ke bheda nahIM | ye matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI nAma hI haiM isako puSTi SaTkhaNDAgama ke prakRti anuyogadvAra se bhI hotI hai / vahA~ AbhinibodhijJAna kA nirUpaNa karane ke bAda eka sUtra AyA hai jisakA bhAva hai ki aba affadhaka jJAna kI anya prarUpaNA karate haiM / ' aura isake bAda vahA~ kramazaH avagraha, IhA, avAya, dhAraNA aura Abhinivodhika jJAna ke paryAyavAcI nAma diye haiM / prakRti anuyogadvAra kA yaha ullekha aisA hai jisase bhI mati Adika matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI nAma Thaharate haiN| tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM ke nimna ullekhoM se bhI isakI puSTi hotI hai (1) sarvArtha siddhi meM likhA hai ki yadyapi ina zabdoM meM prakRti bheda hai to bhI ye rUDhi se eka hI artha ko janAte haiM / ( 2 ) rAjavArtika meM bhI isI prakAra kA abhiprAya darasAyA hai / matijJAna vartamAna artha ko viSaya karatA hai aura zrutajJAna trikAvartI artha ko viSaya karatA hai / isase bhI jJAta hotA hai ki 'matiH smRti' isa sUtra meM jo smRti Adi zabda Aye haiM unakA artha smaraNa jJAna, pratyabhijJAna, tarka aura anumAna nahIM hai / lAyA hai ki 'indra, zakra aura purandara ina zabdoM meM para bhI jaise eka hI devarAja ina nAmoM dvArA pukArA jAtA hai vaise hI mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha ina zabdoM meM yadyapi prakRti bheda hai to bhI ve eka hI matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI nAma hai / ' so isa kathana se bhI ukta artha kI hI puSTi hotI hai / sarvArthasiddhi meM bataprakRti bheda ke hone AcArya kalaMka deva ne laghIyastraya meM eka carcA uThAI hai / prazna
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________________ 23 1. 14.] matijJAna kI pravRtti ke nimitta yaha hai ki nayA kisa jJAna ke bheda haiM ? isakA samAdhAna karate hue ve anya mata kA likhate haiM ki matijJAna vartamAna artha ko viSaya karatA hai aura naya trikAlagocara aneka dravya aura ullekha paryAyoM ko viSaya karate haiM isaliye naya matijJAna ke bheda nahIM haiN| isa para phira zaMkA huI ki yadi matijJAna vartamAna artha ko hI viSaya karatA hai to vaha smRti, pratyabhijJAna, cintA aura abhinibodharUpa kaise ho sakatA hai ? isa zaMkA kA unhoMne jo samAdhAna kiyA hai usakA bhAva yaha hai ki smRti, pratyabhijJAna,cintA aura abhinibodha rUpa jo manomati hai vaha kAraNamati se jAne gaye artha ko hI viSaya karatI hai, isaliye matijJAna ko vartamAna arthagrAhI mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| so isa kathana se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki akalaMka deva ne avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhoraNArUpa kAraNamati se yadyapi smRti, pratyabhijJAna, cintA aura abhinibodha rUpa mati meM kisI apekSA se bheda svIkAra kara liyA hai phira bhI unhoMne inake viSaya meM bheda nahIM mAnA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM aura usake TIkA granthoM meM matijJAna ke jo 336 bheda ginAye haiM unako dekhane se aisA hI jJAta hotA hai ki smRti Adiko mati se kisI ne bhI judA nahIM mAnA hai, isaliye ye mati Adi matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI nAma haiM aisA yahA~ jAnanA cAhiye // 13 // matijJAna kI pravRtti ke nimitta tadindriyAnindriyanimittam // 14 // vaha arthAt matijJAna indriya aura anindriyarUpa nimitta se utpanna hotA hai| ___+'nahi matibhedA nayAH trikAlagocarAnekadravyaparyAyaviSayatvAt , mateH sAmpratikArthagrAhitvA / manomaterari smRtipratyabhijJAnacintAbhinirodhAtmakAyAH kAraNamatiparicchinnArthaviSayatvAt / ' laghI. vi0 zlo066-67 /
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [ 1. 14. pahale pA~ca jJAna batalA Aye haiN| unameM se sarvaprathama jo matijJAna hai vaha upayogarUpa kaise hotA hai yaha prastuta sUtra meM batalAyA hai| indriyA~ pA~ca haiM-sparzana, rasana, prANa, cakSu aura shrotr| inake nimitta se tathA anindriya arthAt manake nimitti se matijJAna kI pravRtti hotI hai yaha isa sUtra kA bhAva hai| zaMkA--sparzana Adi ko indriya kyoM kahA ? samAdhAna--sparzana Adi ko indriya kahane ke aneka kAraNa haiM jinameM se kucha ye haiM. eka to indriya meM indra zabda kA artha AtmA hai| kintu jaba taka yaha AtmA karmo se AvRta rahatA hai taba taka svayaM padArthoM ko jAnane meM asamartha rahane ke kAraNa ina spazana Adi ke dvArA unakA jJAna hotA hai isaliye ve indriya kahalAtI haiN| dUsare inake dvArA sUkSma AtmA ke astitva kI pahicAna ko jAtI hai ataH ve indriya kahalAtI haiN| tIsare indra zabda kA artha nAmakarma hone se inake dvArA unakI racanA hotI hai isaliye ve indriya kahalAtI hai / zaMkA-jina kAraNoM se sparzana Adi ko indriya kahA hai ve kAraNa mana meM bhI to pAye jAte haiM phira use anindriya kyoM kahA ? samAdhAna-indriyoM ke samAna mana avasthita svabhAvavAlA na ho kara caMcala hai, vaha nirantara vividha viSayoM meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai isaliye use anindriya, kahA hai| __ zaMkA-matijJAna kI utpatti meM indriya aura mana ke samAna prakAza Adi bhI to nimitta haiM unakA yahA~ saMgraha kyoM nahIM kiyA ? samAdhAna-jaise indriya aura mana se matijJAna kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai vaise prakAza Adi se nahIM, kyoMki kisI ko prakAza Adi kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai aura kisI ko nahIM isaliye prakAza
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________________ 1. 65.] matijJAna ke bheda Adi matijJAna kI utpatti meM niyata sAdhana na hone se unakA yahA~ saMgraha nahIM kiyA / / 14 // matijJAna ke bheda--- svarUpa avagrahehAvAyadhAraNAH // 15 // avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ye cAra matijJAna ke bheda haiN| jyoM hI indriya viSaya ko grahaNa karane ke liye pravRtta hotI hai tyoM hI svapratyaya hotA hai jise darzana kahate haiM aura tadanantara viSaya kA avagraha Adi kA _ grahaNa hotA hai jo avagraha kahalAtA hai / jaise yaha ' manuSya hai aisA jJAna honA avagraha hai| kintu yaha jJAna itanA kamajora hotA hai ki isake bAda saMzaya ho sakatA hai, isaliye saMzayApanna avasthA ko dUra karane ke liye yA pichale jJAna ko vyavasthita karane ke liye jo Ihana arthAt vicAraNA yA gaveSaNA hotI hai vaha IhA hai| jaise jo maiMne dekhA hai vaha manuSya hI honA cAhiye aisA jJAna IhA hai| IhA ke hone para bhI jAnA huA padArtha manuSya hI hai aise avadhAna arthAt nirNaya kA honA avAya hai| tathA jAne hue padArtha ko kAlAntara meM nahIM bhUlane kI yogyatA kA utpanna ho jAnA hI dhAraNA hai / yaha dhAraNAhI smRti Adi jJAnoM kI jananI hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jisa padArtha kA dhAraNA jJAna nahIM hotA usakA kAlAntara meM smaraNa sambhava nhiiN| pichale sUtra meM matijJAna kI utpatti ke jo pA~ca indriya aura eka anidriya ye chaha nimitta batalAye haiM una saba se ye avagraha Adi cAroM jJAna utpanna hote haiM isaliye matijJAna ke caubIsa bheda ho jAte haiM jo nimnalikhita koSThaka meM darasAye gaye haiM
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [1. 15 sparzana / avagraha IhA avAya - ghrANa -- zrotra mana zaMkA-indriyoM ke dvArA honevAlA jJAna to nirvikalpa hai| ve sparza Adi viSayoM ko jAnatI to haiM para unameM yaha 'ThaMDA hai garama nahIM, ise ThaMDA hI honA cAhiye, yaha ThaMDA hI hai' ityAdi vikalpa nahIM paidA hote / ye saba vikalpa to mAnasika pariNAma haiN| kintu ina vikalpoMke binA matijJAna ke avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ye bheda bana nahIM sakate, ataH pratyeka indriya kA kArya avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNArUpa mAnanA ucita nahIM ? samAdhAna--yaha sahI hai ki ukta vikalpa mAnasika pariNAma haiN| indriyA~ to abhimukha viSaya ko grahaNa karatI mAtra haiM unameM vidhiniSedharUpa jitane bhI vikalpa hote haiM ve saba mana se hI hote haiM / tathApi unameM indriyoM kI sahAyatA apekSita rahatI hai isaliye taddvArA honevAle IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA rUpa kArya indriyoM ke mAne gaye haiN| __zaMkA-taba phira ekendriyAdi jina jIvoM ke mana nahIM pAyA jAtA hai unake pratyeka indriya dvArA avagraha Adi cAra prakAra kA jJAna kaise ho sakatA hai ?
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________________ 1. 16.] avagraha Adi ke viSayabhUta padArthoM ke bheda 27 samAdhAna--saMjJI paMcendriyoM meM matijJAna ke ye bheda dekhakara anyatra unakA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai| zaMkA-cIMTI Adi ko aniSTa viSaya se nivRtta hote hue aura iSTa viSaya meM pravRtti karate hue dekhA jAtA hai, isase jJAta hotA hai ki ekendriya Adi jIvoM ke bhI ukta prakAra se jJAna hotA hai ? samAdhAna-yadyapi ekendriya Adi jIvoM ke mana nahIM haiM to bhI jinake jitanI indriyA~ hotI haiM unameM aisI yogyatA hotA hai jisase ve aniSTa viSaya se nivRtta hokara svabhAvataH iSTa viSaya meM pravRtti karate rahate haiM // 15 // avagraha Adi ke viSayabhUta padArthoM ke bheda --- * bahubahuvidhakSiprAniHsRtAnuktadhruvANAM setarANAm // 16 // bahu, bahuvidha, kSipra, aniHsRta, anukta aura dhruva tathA inake pratipakSabhUta padArtho ke avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNArUpa matijJAna hote haiN| ___ abataka matijJAna ke avagraha Adi cAra bheda aura unake nimitta batalAye para yaha nahIM batalAyA ki ina sabakI pravRtti kinameM hotI hai| prastuta sUtra meM yahI batalAyA gayA hai| yahA~ matijJAna ke viSayabhUta padArtho ke bAraha bheda kiye gaye haiM so ye saba bheda padArtha, kSayopazama aura nimitta kI vividhatA ke kAraNa se kiye gaye jAnanA caahiye| pA~ca indriya aura mana ke nimitta se honevAlA avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNArUpa matijJAna ina bAraha prakAra ke viSayoM meM pravRtta hotA hai yaha isa sUtra kA bhAva hai| isa prakAra matijJAna ke kula bheda 288 * zvetAmbara bhASyamAnya pATha yoM hai---'bahubahuvidhakSiprAnizritAsandigdhadhruvANAM setarANAm' dekho paM0 sukhalAlajI kA tattvArthasUtra pR0 25 /
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________________ 28 tattvArtha sUtra [ 1.16. hote haiM / kintu inameM vyaJjanAgraha ke 48 bheda sammilita nahIM haiM ve 288 bheda ye haiM chaha avagraha chaha IhA chaha avAya chaha dhAraNA | bahugrAhI alpagrAhI bahuvidhagrAhI ekavidhagrAhI citragrAhI akSipragrAhI aniHsRtagrAhI niHsRtagrAhI anuktagrAhI uktagrAhI dhruvagrAhI avagrAhI " 93 37 "" 27 10 33 39 " "" 35 37 23 33 15 21 79 95 55 23 1" " 37 " "5 33 " 33 " " 27 " "" 25 " 33 "" 33 " 15 " 55 * "J 73 33 aba ina bAraha prakAra ke viSayoM kA kyA abhiprAya hai yaha batalAte haiM 1 bahu - bahuta | yaha saMkhyA aura parimANa donoM kI apekSA ho sakatA hai / saMkhyA kI apekSA bahuta - bahuta manuSya yA bahuta vRkSa Adi / parimANa kI apekSA bahuta - bahuta dAla yA bahuta bhAta Adi 2 alpa-thor3A / yaha bhI saMkhyA aura parimANa kI apekSA do prakArakA hai / saMkhyA kI apekSA alpa-thor3e manuSya yA thor3e vRkSa
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________________ 1.16.] Atragraha Adi ke viSayabhUta padArthoM ke bheda 29 aadi| parimANa kI apekSA alpa-thor3A bhAta yA thor3o dAla Adi / 3 bahuvidha- saMkhyA yA parimANa pratyeka kI apekSA bahuta prakAra ke pdaarth| 4 ekavidha---saMkhyA yA parimANa pratyeka ko apekSA eka prakAra ke pdaarth| bahu tathA alpa meM prakAra, kisma yA jAti vivakSita nahIM rahatI kintu bahuvidha aura ekavidha meM ye vivakSita rahatI haiM, yahI inameM antara hai| 5 kSipra-padArtho kA zIghratA pUrvaka jJAna yA ativega se gatizIla pdaarth| pahale artha meM jJAna kA dharma padArtha meM Aropita kiyA gayA hai aura dUsare artha meM gati kriyA kI apekSA se padArtha ko kSipra mAna liyA hai| 6 akSita-kSiA kA ulttaa| 7-aniHsRtA nahIM nikalA huA / jo padArtha parA chipA rahatA hai vaha bhI aniHsRta kahalAtA hai aura jisakA eka hissA chipA rahatA hai vaha bhI aniHsRta kahalAtA hai| 8 niHsRta-aniHsRta kA ulttaa| 9 anuktA-abhiprAya gata padArtha yA jisake viSaya meM kucha nahIM kahA gayA hai vaha padArtha / + zvetAmbara granthoM meM 'anizrita aisA pATha hai| tadanusAra aisA artha kiyA hai ki liMgaapramita arthAt hetu dvArA prasiddha vastu anizrita kahalAtI hai aura ligapramita vastu nizrita kahalAtI hai| dekho paM0 sukhalAlajI kA tattvArthasUtra pR0 27 / zvetAmbara granthoM meM isakesthAna meM asandigdha aura anukta aise donoM pAThoM kA
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________________ 30 tattvArthasUtra [ 1.16. 11 dhruva - kucha kAla taka eka rUpa se grahaNa karate rahanA yA cirakAla taka avasthita rahanevAle padArtha / pahale artha meM jJAna gata dharma kA padArtha meM Aropa kiyA gayA hai aura dUsare artha meM vyaJjana paryAya kAvasthitanA vivakSita hai / 10 0 ukta - kahA gayA padArtha / 12 adhruva - dhruva kA ulaTA / ina bAraha prakAra ke viSayoM kA pA~ca indriya aura mana se maha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA rUpa jJAna hotA hai yaha aba taka ke kathana kA tAtparya hai / isa viSaya meM vizeSa jJAtavya --- eka deza prakaTa hue padArtha ke jJAna se pUre padArtha kA jJAna honA niHsRtagrahaNa hai / aniHsRta matijJAna kA aisA artha karane para vaha matijJAna nahIM ThaharegA, kyoMki yahA~ ekadeza niHsRta niHsRta prakaTa hue padArtha kA jJAna pUre padArtha ke jJAna meM vicAra kAraNa par3A, isaliye yaha pUre padArtha kA jJAna zruta jJAna huA, ataH aniHsRta matijJAna kA isa prakAra artha karanA cAhiye ki padArtha kA ekadeza yogya sannikarSa meM avasthita hone para sampUrNa vastu kA jJAna ho jAnA aniHsRta matijJAna hai / jaise hAthI kI sU~Da sAmane Ate hI kevala sUMDa kA jJAna na hokara sU~Da sahita pUre hAthI kA jJAna honA aniHsRta matijJAna hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki pahale prakaTa hisse kA jJAna ho aura phira usake AdhAra se kaTa aMza kA jJAna ho yaha artha aniHsRta matijJAna meM iSTa nahIM / ullekha hai | vahAM saMdigdha kA artha nizcita aura saMdigdha kA artha anizcita kiyA hai / anukta ukta kA vahI artha kiyA hai jo digambara granthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / dekho paM0 sukhalAla jI kA tattvArthasUtra TippanI pR0 28 /
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________________ isa viSaya meM vizeSa jJAtavya isI prakAra anukta grahaNa meM bhI pahale anya nimittakA grahaNa ho aura phira usa para se abhiprAya gata padArtha kA grahaNa ho yaha artha iSTa nahIM, hai kyoM ki aisA artha karane para vahI doSa AtA ukta-anukta ta hai jo aniHmRta matijJAna ke vizeSa vyAkhyAna ke vicAra samaya batalA Aye haiM / mukhyatayA anukta kA matalaba aise padArtha se hai jisake viSaya meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA gayA hai usako avagraha Adi ke krama se jAnanA anukta matijJAna hai| vIrasena svAmI dhavalA meM isake viSaya meM likhate haiM ki virakSita indriya dvArA apane viSaya ko grahaNa karane ke samaya hI anya viSaya kA grahaNa ho jAnA anukta pratyaya hai| jaise jisa samaya cakSu se namaka yA misarI ko jAnate haiM usI samaya usake rasa kA jJAna honA yA jisa samaya / dIpaka ko dekhA usI samaya usake sparza kA jJAna honA anukta jJAna hai| ___ aba zrotra indriya kI apekSA 12 prakAra ke uktabheda ghaTita karake batalAte haiM___ tata, vitata, ghana aura suzira Adi zabdoM ko suna kara eka sAtha unakA jJAna karanA bahujJAna hai / inameM se kucha zabdoM ko sunakara unakA jJAna karanA alpajJAna hai / tata Adi nAnA prakAra ke ukta padArthoM ke : zabdoM ko unakI aneka jAtiyoM ke sAtha jAnanA bahujJAna kA khulAsA "" vidha jJAna hai| ekavidha isase ulaTA hai| zIghratA se zabda ko grahaNa karanA kSipra jJAna hai yA ati zIghratA se uccArita zabdoM ko jAna lenA kSiprajJAna hai| akSina isase ulaTA hai| zabdoM ke pUraNa uccAraNa na karane para bhI pUrA samajha lenA aniHsRta jJAna hai| niHsRta isase ulaTA hai| zabdoccAraNa karane ke sanmukha hone para abhiprAya se hI samajha lenA anuktajJAna hai / ukta isase ulaTA haiM / kahe gaye artha ko jaise prathama samaya meM grahaNa kiyA hai usI prakAra dvitIyAdi samayoM meM grahaNa karanA dhruvajJAna hai| adhruva isase ulaTA hai| jaise zrotra indriya kI
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________________ [ 1.17. . matijJAna tattvArthasUtra apekSA 12 prakAra ke padArtho kA jJAna ghaTita karake batalAyA hai, vaise hI zeSa indriya aura mana kI apekSA ghaTita kara lenA caahiye| ___ yahA~ itanA vizeSa jAnanA cAhiye ki yaha bAraha prakAra ke padArthoM kA jJAna avagraha, IhA avAya aura dhAraNArUpa cAra prakAra kA hotA hai 1. jo ki pA~ca indriya aura mana ina chahoM se utpanna ni ka bhada hotA hai| isI se isake 288 bheda kiye haiN| inameM vyaMjanAvagraha ke 48 bheda milA dene para matijJAna ke kula bheda 336 hote haiM // 16 // avagraha Adi cAroM kA viSaya arthasya // 17 // artha ke avagraha Adi cAroM matijJAna hote haiN| pahale pA~ca indriya aura mana ke viSayabhUta jo bAraha prakAra ke padArtha batalA Aye haiM ve saba artha kahalAte haiN| unakA sUtra kA prAzaya rASa avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNArUpa cAroM prakAra kA jJAna hotA hai yaha isa sUtra kA bhAva hai| ___ yadyapi sthiti aisI hai to bhI ye indriyoM ke viSaya artha aura ... vyaMjana ina do bhAgoM meM baTa jAte haiM jisase avagraha avamaha ke do bheda jJAna ke bhI do bheda ho jAte haiM-athovagraha hone ke kAraNa 1 aura vyaMjanAvagraha / IhAdika ke ye do bheda nahIM prApta hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki vyaMjana padArtha kA kevala avagraha hI hotA hai, IhAdika nahIM hote| aba artha kise kahate haiM sarva prathama isakA vicAra karate haiN| pUjyapAda svAmI ne apanI sarvArthasiddhi meM likhA hai ki cakSu aura mana aprApyakArI haiM tathA zeSa cAra indriyA~ prApyakArI haiN| artha kI paribhASA dasarI bAta yaha likhI hai ki jo zabdAdi artha avyakta hote haiM ve vyaMjana kahalAte haiN| isa para se artha kA yaha svarUpa phalita
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________________ 1.17.] avagraha zrAdi cAroM kA viSaya hotA hai ki cakSu aura mana kA viSaya to artha kahalAtA hI hai| zeSa cAra indriyoM kA viSaya bhI yadi vyakta hotA hai to vaha bhI artha kahalAtA hai / yadyapi pUjyapAda svAmI ne artha ke svarUpa kA nirdeza karate samaya pramukhatA se cakSu indriya kA hI nAma liyA hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki pUjyapAda svAmI svayaM etatprakAraka viSaya ko artha mAnate haiN| tathApi unhoMne vyaMjana kA lakSaNa likhate samaya zabdAdi viSaya ke vizeSaNa rUpa se jo avyakta pada kA nirdeza kiyA hai so isase yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki ve vyakta zabdAdika ko bhI artha kI koTi meM sammilita karate haiN| kintu vIrasena svAmI artha aura vyaMjana ke ukta lakSaNa se sahamata nahIM haiN| vIrasena svAmI cakSu aura mana ko kevala aprApyakArI mAnate haiM aura zeSa cAra indriyoM ko prApyakArI aura aprApyakArI donoM prakAra __kA mAnate haiN| unakA mata hai ki sparzana, rasana, prANa artha kI anya 4 aura zrotra ye cAra indriyA~ apane-apane viSaya ko chu paribhASA " kara jAnatI haiM yaha to sarva-vidita hai| kintu ye cakSu aura mana ke samAna aprApta artha ko bhI viSaya karatI haiN| isa kAraNa se unhoMne artha aura vyaMjana kI paribhASA karate hue kevala aprApta viSaya ko artha aura prApta artha ke prathama grahaNa ko vyaMjana batalAyA hai| ____ yadyapi yahA~ para indriyoM ke viSaya ko artha aura vyaMjana isa prakAra do bhAgoM meM bA~Ta diyA gayA hai para yaha donoM prakAra kA viSaya sAmAnya ra aura vizeSa ubhayarUpa hI hotA hai| prAzaya yaha hai artha kI ki indriya aura mana na kevala sAmAnya ko hI viSaya ubhayAtmakatA __ karate haiM aura na kevala vizeSa ko hI viSaya kAte haiM kintu sAmAnya aura vizeSa ubhayAtmaka vastu ko hI viSaya karate haiN| zaMkA -jaba ki sparzana Adi indriyoM kA viSaya sparza Adi hai
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________________ 34 tattvArthasUtra [1.17. aura ye saba pudgala dravya kI paryAya haiM taba inakA viSaya ubhayAtmaka vastu na mAnakara paryAya mAnanA cAhiye ? samAdhAna-indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa to vastu kA hI hotA hai kintu unameM alaga-alaga dharma ko abhivyakta karane kI yogyatA hone se pratyeka indriya kA viSaya alaga-alaga dharma kahA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha-ghrANa indriya se gandha kA saMyoga na hokara sugandha yA durgandhavAle paramANuoM kA hI saMyoga hotA hai| kintu ghrANa indriya meM gandha ko abhivyakta karane ke yogyatA hone se isakA viSaya gandha kahA jAtA hai / isI prakAra anya indriyoM ke viSaya meM jAnanA caahiye| zaMkA-naya jJAna se indriya jJAna meM kyA antara hai, kyoMki eka dharma dvArA vastu ko viSaya karanA naya hai aura pUrvokta kathana se indriya jJAna bhI isI prakAra kA prApta hotA hai| yahA~ bhI sparza zrAdi eka-eka dharma dvArA vastu kA bodha hotA hai ? / samAdhAna-naya jJAna vizleSaNAtmaka hai indriya jJAna nahIM, yahI ina donoM meM antara hai| anya loga indriyoM ke sAtha kevala rUpAdi guNoM kA sannikarSa mAnate haiN| kintu unakA aisA mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki rUpAdi __ guNa amUrta haiN| unake sAtha indriyoM kA sannikarSa na " hokara rUpAdi guNavAle padArthoM ke sAtha hI indriyoM kA sannikarSa hotA hai| yadyapi 'maiMne rUpa dekhA, gandha sUMghA' aisA vyavahAra hotA hai, kintu yaha vyavahAra aupacArika hai| vAstava meM indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa to artha kA hI hotA hai, parantu rUpAdika artha se kathaMcit abhinna hote haiM isaliye artha kA grahaNa hone se inakA bhI grahaNa bana jAtA hai / / 17 // anya
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________________ 1.18.19.] avagraha kA dUsarA bheda 35 avagraha kA dUsarA bhedavyajanasyAvagrahaH // 18 // na cakSuranindriyAbhyAm // 19 // vyaJjana kA avagrahI hotA hai| kintu vaha cakSu aura mana se nahIM hotaa| pUrva sUtra meM artha kA pAribhASika artha batalAte samaya hama vyaMjanakA bhI pAramASika artha batalA Aye hai| jaba taka padArtha vyaMjana rUpa . rahatA hai taba taka usakA avagraha hI hotA hai jo ukta sUtroM kA netra aura mana se nahIM hotA / netra prAptaartha ko nahIM ArAya jAnatA isaliye isase vyaMjanAgraha nahIM hotA / isI prakAra mana bhI prApta artha ko nahIM jAnatA isaliye isase bhI vyaJjanAgraha nahIM hotaa| yaha dhavalA TIkA ke anusAra ukta sUtroM kA bhAva hai| kintu pUjyapAda svAmI aura akalaMka deva prApta artha ke prathama praharaNa mAtra ko vyaMjanAvagraha nahIM maante| unhoMne prApta artha ko vyaMjanAvagraha kA viSaya na mAna kara avyakta zabdAdika ko hI vyaMjanAvagraha _kA viSaya mAnA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki jaise miTTI anya mata kA nirdeza __ ke nUtana sakore para pAnI kI eka do bUMda DAlane mAtra se vaha gIlA nahIM hotaa| kintu punaH punaH soMcane para vaha avazya hI gIlA ho jAtA hai| lasI prakAra jaba taka sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, aura zrotra indriya kA viSaya spRSTa hokara bhI avyakta rahatA hai, taba taka usakA vyaMjanAgraha hI hotA hai kintu usake vyakta hone para arthAvagraha hotA hai| unake mata se prApta artha ke arthAvagraha aura vyaJjanAvagraha meM yahI antara hai| vyakta grahaNa kA nAma athovagraha hai aura avyakta grahaNa kA nAma vyNjnaavgrh|
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________________ tatvArthasUtra [ 1.18.19. zaMkA- isa matabheda ke rahate hue arthAvagraha aura vyaJjanAvagraha kA sunizcita lakSaNa kyA mAnA jAya ? samAdhAna- donoM hI lakSaNoM ke mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai / zaMkA-so kaise ? 36 samAdhAna - vivakSyAbheda se / vIrasena svAmI prApta artha ke prathama grahaNamAtra ko vyaMjanAvagraha rUpa se vivakSita karate haiM aura pUjyapAda svAmI kevala avyakta prApta artha ke grahaNa ko vyaMjanAgraha mAnate haiM / zaMkA --- kitane hI vidvAn kSipragrahaNa ko arthAvagraha aura akSa grahaNa ko vyaJjanavagraha mAnate haiM / so unakA aisA mAnanA kyA ucita hai ? samAdhAna- nahIM zaMkA- kyoM ? samAdhAna - kyoM ki aisA mAnane para donoM hI avagrahoM ke dvArA bAraha prakAra ke padArthoM kA grahaNa nahIM prApta hotA hai / isaliye arthAvagraha aura vyaJjanAvagraha ke ve hI lakSaNa mAnane cAhiye jinakA nirdeza pIche kiyA jA cukA hai / zaMkA - matijJAna avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke krama se hI utpanna hotA hai yA isameM vyatikrama bhI dekhA jAtA hai ? samAdhAna - matijJAna avagraha IhA Adi ke krama se hI hotA hai / isameM vyatikrama kA honA sambhava nahIM hai / zaMkA - padArtha kA jaba bhI mati jJAna hotA hai taba avagraha Adi cAroM kA honA kyA Avazyaka hai ? samAdhAna -- nahIM | zaMkA- to phira kyA vyavasthA hai ? samAdhAna -- koI jJAna avagraha hokara chUTa jAtA hai / kisI padArtha graha aura IhA do hote haiN| kisI ke vAya sahita tIna hote haiM
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________________ .20.] zrutajJAna kA svarUpa aura usake bheda aura kisI kisI padArtha ke dhAraNA sahita cAroM pAye jAte haiN| kintu paripUrNa jJAna avAya ke hone para hI samajhA jAtA hai| zaMkA---'vyaJjana kA avagraha ho hotA hai| itanA sacita karane mAtra se yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki vyaJjana ke sivA zeSa saba padArthoM ke avagraha Adi cAroM hote haiN| phira 'arthasya' satra kI racanA kisa liye kI samAdhAna-bahu Adi artha ke bheda haiM yaha dikhalAne ke liye 'arthasya' sUtra kI racanA kI gaI hai| zakA-kyA ye bahu Adi bAraha bheda vyaJjana ke bhI prApta hote haiM ? samAdhAna-avazya prApta hote haiM, kyoMki padArthoM ko vyaJjanarUpa indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa karane kI apekSA se mAnA gayA hai| jaba sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura zrotra indriyAM padArthoM ko prApta hokara jAnatI haiM taba ve padArtha prArambha meM vyaJjanarUpa mAne jAte haiM anyathA nahIM yaha ukta kathana kA tAtparya hai| zaMkA---isa prakAra matijJAna ke kula bheda kitane haiM ? samAdhAna-tInasau chattIsa / zaMkA-so kaise ? samAdhAna-do sau aThAsI to pahale hI batalA Aye haiN| unameM vyaJjanAvagraha ke 48 bheda milA dene para kula tIna sau chattIsa bheda ho jAte hai // 18-19 // - zrutajJAnakA svarUpa aura usake bheda---- zrutaM matipUrva dvayanekadvAdazabhedam // 20 // zrutajJAna matijJAna pUrvaka hotA hai / vaha do prakAra kA, aneka prakAra kA aura bAraha prakAra kA hai| sUtra meM Aye hue pUrva zabdakA artha kAraNa hai| isaliye zrutajJAna matijJAna pUrvaka hotA hai isakA yaha matalaba hai ki matijJAna ke nimitta se
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________________ 38 tattvArthasUtra 1.20. zrutajJAna utpanna hotA hai| matijJAna hue binA zratajJAna nahIM ho sakatA yaha isakA bhAva hai| phira bhI matijJAna ko zrutajJAna kA nimitta kAraNa mAnanA cAhiye upAdAna kAraNa nahIM; kyoMki usakA upAdAna kAraNa to zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama hI hai| zaMkA-matijJAna se zratajJAna meM kyA antara hai ? ___samAdhAna-pA~ca indriya aura gana inameM se kisI eka ke nimitta se kisI bhI vidyamAna vastukA sarva prathama matijJAna hotA hai| tadantara isa matijJAna pUrvaka 'usa jAnI huI vastuke viSayameM yA usake sambandhale anya vastuke viSaya meM vizeSa cintana cAlU hotA hai jo zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| udAharaNArtha-manuSya viSayaka cAkSuSa matijJAna ke hone ke bAda usake sambandha meM manameM yaha manuSya hai, pUrva se AyA hai aura pazcima ko jA rahA hai, raMga rUpa tathA vezabhUSA se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha paMjAbI honA cAhiye Adi vikalpa kA honA zrutajJAna hai| matijJAna vidyamAna vastu meM pravRtta hotA hai aura zrutajJAna-atIta, vartamAna tathA anAgata ina traikAlika viSayoM meM pravRtta hotA hai / matijJAna pAMca indriya aura mana ina chahoM ke nimitta se pravRta hotA hai kintu zrutajJAna kevala manake nimitta se hI pravRtta hotA hai isa prakAra matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM yahI antara hai / / zaMkA-kyA zrutajJAna kI utpatti indriyoM se nahIM hotI ? ___ samAdhAna-jaise matijJAna kI utpattimeM indriyAM sAkSAt nimitta hotI haiM vaise zrutajJAna kI utpatti meM sAkSAt nimitta nahIM hotI, isaliye zrutajJAna kI utpatti indriyoM se na mAnakara mana se hI mAnI hai| tathApi sparzana Adi indriyoM se matijJAna hone ke bAda jo zrutajJAna hotA hai usameM paramparA se ve sparzana Adi indriyAM nimitta mAnI hai, isaliye matijJAna ke samAna zrutajJAna kI utpatti bhI pAMca indriya aura mana se kahI jAtI hai para yaha kathana aupacArika hai|
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________________ 1.20.] zrutajJAnakA svarUpa aura usake bheda 39 ___ zaMkA-matijJAnapUrvaka hI zrutajJAna hotA hai yaha bAta na hokara adhikatara zruta jJAnapUrvaka bhI zratajJAna dekhA jAtA hai, jaise ghaTa zabda kA sunanA tadantara ghaTa aisA mAnasika jJAna kA honA aura phira ghaTa meM pAnI bharA jAtA hai| aisA ghaTakAryakA jJAna honA ye kramase honevAle tIna jJAna haiN| inameM se prathama matijJAna aura antake do zrutajJAna haiM, isa prakAra isase yaha siddha huA ki zrutajJAna se bhI zrutajJAna hotA hai, ataH matijJAnapUrvaka zrutajJAna hotA hai yaha kathana nahIM banatA hai ? samAdhAna-yAvat zrutajJAnoM ke prArambha meM matijJAna hotA hai isa dRSTi ko sAmane rakhakara hI prastuta sUtra meM 'matijJAnapUrvaka zrutajJAna hotA hai' yaha kahA gayA hai| athavA jitane bhI zrutajJAnapUrvaka tajJAna hote haiM unameM se pUrva jJAnako upacAra se matijJAna mAnane para 'matijJAna pUrvaka zrutajJAna hotA hai| yaha niyama bana jAtA hai| ___ zaMkA-zruta kA artha Agama yA zAstra hai, isaliye usake jJAna ko hI zrutajJAna mAna lenemeM kyA Apatti hai ? __samAdhAna-zrutakA bhanana yA cintanAtmaka jinanA bhI jJAna hotA hai vaha to zrutajJAna hai hI; kintu usake sAtha usa jAtikA jo anya jJAna hotA hai use bhI zrutajJAna mAnanA caahiye| zrutajJAna ke akSarAtmaka aura anakSarAtmaka aise jo do bheda milate haiM so ve isI AdhAra se kiye gaye haiN| zaMkA-zruta ke do, aneka aura bAraha bheda kahe so kaise ? samAdhAna-aMgabAhya aura aMgapraviSTa ye zrutake do bheda haiN| inameM se aMgabAhya ke aneka bheda haiM aura aMgapraviSTa ke AcArAMga Adi bAraha bheda haiN| zaMkA-ye to bhASAtmaka zAstroM ke nAma hue zrutajJAna ke nahIM, para
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________________ 40 tattvArthasUtra [1.20 yahA~ zrutajJAna kA prakaraNa hai, isaliye yahAM bhASAtmaka zAstroMke bheda na ginAkara zrutajJAna ke bheda ginAne the ? ___ samAdhAna-mokSa ke liye ina zAstroMkA abhyAsa vizeSa upayogI hai, isaliye kAraNa meM kAryakA upacAra karake bhASAtmaka zAstroMko hI zrutajJAna ke bhedoM meM ginA diyA hai| athavA ukta bhASAtmaka zAstroM kA aura zratajJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama kA anyonya sambandha hai| zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma ke kitane kSayopazama ke hone para ukta zAstroM kA kitanA jJAna prApta hotA hai yaha eka ba~dhA huA krama hai, ataH isI bAta ke dikhalAne ke lie yahA~ zAstroM ke bheda ginAye haiN| zaMkA-aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya zrutamaiM kyA antara hai ? samAdhAna-zru ta ke kula akSara 18446744073705551615 mAne gaye haiN| inameM madhyama pada ke 16348307588 akSaroM kA bhAga denapara 112835800 madhyama pada aura 80108175 akSara prApta hote haiN| AcArAMga Adi bAraha aMgoM kI racanA ukta madhyama padoM dvArA kI jAtI hai isaliye inakI aMgapraviSTa saMjJA hai aura zeSa akSara aMgoMke bAhara par3a jAte haiM isalie inakI aMgabAhya saMjJA hai| yadyapi ina aMgoM aura aMgabAhyoM kI racanA gaNadhara karate haiN| tathApi gaNadharoM ke ziSyoM praziSyoM dvArA jo zAstra race jAte haiM unakA samAveza aMgabAhya zrata meM hI hotA hai / aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya zru tameM yahI antara hai| zaMkA-kyA eka pada meM ( madhyama padameM ) ukta akSaroMkA pAyA jAnA sambhava hai ? samAdhAna-madhyama pada ke ye akSara vibhakti yA artha bodha kI pradhAnatA se nahIM batalAye gaye haiM kintu 12 aMgarUpa drabyazruta meM se pratyeka ke akSaroM kI gaNanA karaneke liye madhyamapadakA yaha pramANa mAna liyA gayA hai|
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________________ 1.20.] zrutajJAna kA svarUpa aura usake bheda zaMkA-bAraha aMga kauna se haiM ? samAdhAna-AcAra, sUtrakRta, sthAna, samavAya, vyAkhyAprajJapti jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakAdhyayana, antaHkRddaza, anuttaraupapAdika daza, prazna vyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra aura dRSTivAda ye bAraha aMga haiN| zaMkA-aMga bAhya kauna se hai ? samAdhAna-sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, vainayika, kRtikarma, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpavyavahAra, kalpAkalpya, mahAkalpa, puNDarIka, mahApuMDarIka aura niSiddhikA ye aMgabAhya haiN| zaMkA-kyA aMgavAhya ke itane hI bheda haiM ? samAdhAna--gaNadhara dvArA race gaye aMgabAhya zrutake itane hI bheda haiN| kintu unake ziSyoM aura praziSyoM dvArA jina SaTakhaNDAgama, kapAyaprAbhRta, samayasAra Adi zAstroM kI racanA kI gaI hai ve bhI aMgabAhya kahalAte haiM aura ve bahuta haiN| zaMkA--paTkhaNDAgama aura kaSAyaprAmRta zruta kI racanA jaba ki aMgapraviSTa zru take AdhAra se kI gaI hai aisI hAlata meM inakA samAveza aMgabAhya zrutameM na kara ke aMgapraviSTa meM hI karanA cAhiye ? samAdhAna-aMgapraviSTa zrata meM AcArAMga Adi mUla zra ta kA hI samAveza kiyA gayA hai zeSa saba zru ta aMgabAhya mAnA gayA hai| isI se yahA~ SaTakhaNDAgama Adi kI gaNanA aMgabAhya zratameM kI gaI hai| zaMkA-kyA vartamAna meM jo vividha laukika viSayoM para pustakeM likhI jA rahI hai / unakA antarbhAva zruta meM hotA hai ? samAdhAna-zruta meM to unakA bhI antarbhAva hotA hai| para paramArtha meM upayogI na hone se unheM laukika zruta mAnA gayA hai| zaMkA--kyA mumukSu ko aise zruta kA abhyAsa karanA ucita hai ? samAdhAna-mumukSu ko mukhyatayA aise hI zruta kA abhyAsa karanA
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________________ 42 tattvArthasUtra [1.21.22. cAhiye jo vItarAgatA kA popaka ho / laukika prayojana kI siddhi ke liye yadi vaha anya zrata kA avalokana karatA hai to aisA karanA anucita nahIM hai phira bhI usa abhyAsa ko paramArtha koTikA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| usameM bhI jo kathA, nATaka aura upanyAsa Adi rAga ko bar3hAte haiN| jinameM nArI ko vilAsa aura kAma kI mUrti rUpa se upasthita karake nArItva kA apamAna kiyA gayA hai| jinake par3hane se mArakATa kI zikSA milatI hai| manuSya manuSyatA ko bhUlakara pazutA para utArU hone lagatA hai unakA vAcanA, sunanA sarvathA chor3a denA caahiye| zaMkA--jaba ki vividha darzana aura dharma ke grantha bhI zruta kahalAte haiM taba phira unake paThana-pAThana kA niSedha kyoM kiyA jAtA hai ? ___samAdhAna-mokSa mArga meM prayojaka nahIM hone se hI unake paThanapAThana kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai| vaise jJAna ko bar3hAne ke liye aura saddharma kI siddhi ke liye unakA jJAna prApta karanA anucita nahIM hai| isase kauna dharma samIcIna hai aura kauna asamIcIna isakA viveka prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu svasamaya kA abhyAsa karane ke bAda hI parasamaya kA abhyAsa karanA cAhiye anyathA satpatha se cyuta hone kA Dara banA rahatA hai / / 20 // avadhijJAna ke bheda aura unake svAmI-- 'bhavatprayayo'vadhidevanArakANAm // 21 // kSayopazamanimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSANAm // 22 // (1) zvetAmbara granthoM meM yaha sUtra yoM hai 'tatra bhavapratyayo nArakadevANAm / isa sUtra ke pahale 'dvividho'vadhiH' yaha sUtra aura pAyA jAtA hai| yaha sarvArthasiddhi meM isI sUtra kI utthAnikA meM nirdiSTa hai| (2) zvetAmvara granthoM meM yaha sUtra yoM hai 'yathoktanimicaH SaDavikalpaH zeSANAm / ' bhASyakAra ne 'yathoktanimitta:' kA artha avazya hI kSayopazama nimitta: kiyA hai|
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________________ 1.21.22 ] avadhijJAna ke bheda aura unake svAmI 43 bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna deva aura nArakoM ke hotA hai| kSayopazama nimittaka avadhijJAna chaH prakAra kA hai jo zeSa arthAt tiryaMcoM aura manuSyoM ke hotA hai| avadhijJAna ke bhavapratyaya aura kSayopazama nimittaka ye do bheda haiN| kSayopazamanimittaka kA dUsarA nAma guNapratyaya bhI hai| jisake utpanna hone meM bhava hI nimitta hai arthAt jisakI utpatti meM vrata niyama Adi kAraNa nahIM par3ate kintu jo paryAya vizeSa kI apekSA janma se hI utpanna hotA hai vaha bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna hai| jisa prakAra pakSiyoM ko AkAza meM ur3ane kI zikSA mahIM lenI par3atI / ve svabhAva se hI ur3ane lagate haiN| ur3anA unakA paryAyagata dharma hai| usI prakAra bhava pratyaya avadhi jJAna jAnanA cAhiye / tathApi isake utpanna hone meM itanI vizeSatA hai ki yadi bhapapratyaya avadhijJAna kA adhikArI samyagdRSTi hotA hai to vaha bhava ke prathama samaya se hI utpanna ho jAtA hai aura yadi adhikArI mithyAdRSTi hotA hai to vaha paryApta hone ke bAda hI utpanna hotA hai| tathA jo avadhijJAna janma se nahIM hotA kintu vrata niyama Adi ke bala se prApta hotA hai vaha kSayopazama nimittaka avadhijJAna hai| zaMkA-kyA bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna meM kSayopazama nahIM hotA? samAdhAna-avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama to usameM bhI hotA hai tathApi usakI utpatti meM bhava kI pradhAnatA hai isaliye use bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna kahA hai aura kSayopazamanimittaka avadhijJAna bhava kI pradhAnatA se nahIM hotaa| kintu anya nimittoM ke milane para jaba avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hotA hai taba hotA hai isaliye ise kSayopazamanimittaka kahA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki koI bhI avadhijJAna kyoM na ho vaha kSayopazama ke binA to ho hI nahIM sakatA; avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama to avadhijJAna mAtra meM apekSita hai| vaha usakA sAdhA
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________________ tatvArtha sUtra [1.21.22. raNa kAraNa hai; to bhI koI avadhijJAna bhavapratyaya aura koI kSayopazama nimittaka kahalAtA hai yaha bheda anya nimittoM kI apekSA me kiyA gayA hai jinakA nirdeza pahale kiyA hI hai| ina do avadhijJAnoM meM se bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna devagati ke jIvoM ke aura narakagati ke jIvoM ke hotA hai| jaise pakSiyoM meM janma se hI zikSA upadeza ke binA hI AkAza meM ur3ane kI zakti hotI hai vaise hI ina do gatiyoM ke jIvoM ke binA prayatna ke janma se avadhijJAna hotA hai| tathA kSayopazamanimittaka avadhijJAna tiryaMca aura manuSyoM ke hotA hai| isake liye inheM khAsa yogyatA sampAdita karanI par3atI hai jisake hone para hI yaha avadhijJAna hotA hai| ____ yahI sababa hai ki tiryaMcoM aura manuSyoM meM yaha saba ke nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / yadyapi manuSyoM meM tIrthaMkara mAtra ke aura kisI kisI viziSTa anya manuSya ke bhI janma se hI avadhijJAna hotA hai, inheM isake liye vrata niyama Adi kA anuSTAna nahIM karanA par3atA, para yaha apavAda hai| sUtra meM Ayopazamanimittaka avadhijJAna ke chaha bheda batalAye haiN| ve ye haiM anugAmI, ananugAmI, bardhamAna, hIyamAna, avasthita aura anvsthit| 1 jaise sUrya kA prakAza usake sAtha sAtha calatA hai vaise hI jo jJAna usake utpatti sthAna ko chor3a kara dUsare sthAna para yA utpatti ke bhava ko chor3a kara dUsare bhava meM cale jAne para bhI banA rahatA hai vaha anugAmI avadhijJAna hai| 2 jaise unmugdha puruSa ke prazna ke uttara meM dUsarA puruSa jo vacana kahatA hai vaha vahIM raha jAtA hai unmugdha puruSa use grahaNa nahIM karatA vaise hI jo avadhijJAna usake utpatti sthAna ko chor3a dene para kAyama nahIM rahatA yA bhavAntara meM sAtha nahIM jAtA vaha ananugAmI avadhijJAna hai|
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________________ 1.21.22.] avadhijJAna ke bheda aura unake svAmI 3 jaise agni kI cinagArI choTI hone para bhI krama se bar3hate hue sUkhe IMdhana Adi dAhya ko pAkara kramazaH bar3hatI jAtI hai vaise hI jo avadhijJAna utpattikAla meM alpa hone para bhI pariNAmoM kI zuddhi ke kAraNa krama se bar3hatA jAtA hai vaha vardhamAna avadhijJAna hai| 4 jaise parimita dAhya vastuoM meM lagI huI Aga nayA dAhya na milane se kramazaH ghaTatI jAtI hai vaise hI jo avadhijJAna apane utpattikAla se lekara uttarottara kamatI kamatI hotA jAtA hai vaha hIyamAna ava. vijJAna hai| 5 jaise zarIra meM tila masA Adi cihna utpattikAla se lekara maragA taka eka se bane rahate haiM na ghaTate hai na bar3hate haiM vaise hI jo avadhijJAna maraNa taka yA kevalajJAna kI utpatti hone taka eka sA banA rahatA hai vaha avasthita avadhijJAna hai| 6 jala kI taraMgoM ke samAna jo avadhijJAna kabhI ghaTatA hai kabhI bar3hatA hai aura kabhI avasthita rahatA hai vaha anavasthita acavijJAna hai| zaMkA-deva aura nArakiyoM ke to bhava ke prathama samaya se hI avadhijJAna hotA hai kintu zeSa ke tapazcaryA Adi karane para hI vaha prApta hotA hai so aisA kyoM hai ? samAdhAna--yaha usa usa paryAya kI vizeSatA hai| jisa prakAra pakSiyoM meM janma lene ke bAda hI AkAza meM ur3ane kI zakti A jAtI hai manuSyoM meM nahIM pAtI usI prakAra avadhijJAnakI utpatti ke viSaya meM jAnanA caahiye| athavA jisa prakAra caupAye meM utpanna hone ke bAda hI pAnI meM tairane kI yogyatA hotI hai manuSya meM nahIM usI prakAra prakRta meM jAnanA cAhiye // 2122 //
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [1.23.24. manaHparyaya jJAna ke bheda aura unakA antaraRjuvipulamatI manAparyayaH* // 23 // vizuddhayapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSaH / / 24 // Rjumati aura vipulamati ye do manaHparyaya jJAna haiN| vizuddhi aura apratipAtakI apekSA unameM antara hai| manaHparyaya jJAna kA artha hai mana kI paryAyoM kA jJAna / Azaya yaha hai ki saMjJI jIvoM ke manameM jitane vikalpa utpanna hote haiM saMskAra rUpa se ve usameM kAyama rahate haiM; manaHparyaya jJAna saMskAra rUpa se sthita mana ke inhIM vikalpoM ko jAnatA hai, isaliye vaha manaHparyaya jJAna kahalAtA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama karmaprakRti anuyoga dvAra meM eka sUtra AyA hai jisakA bhAva hai ki 'manaHparyayajJAnI mana se mAnasa ko grahaNa karake manaHparyaya jJAna se dUsare ke nAma, smRti, mati, cintA, jIvana, maraNa, lAbha, alAbha, sukha, duHkha, nagara vinAza, deza vinAza, janapada vinAza, kheTa vinAza, karvaTa vinAza, maMDava vinAza, pattana vinAza, droNamukha vinAza, ativRSTi, anAvRSTi, suvRSTi, duvRSTi, subhikSa, durbhikSa, kSema, akSema, bhaya aura roga ko kAla kI maryAdA liye hue jAnatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki manaHparyaya jJAna ina sabake utpAda, sthiti aura vinAza ko jAnatA hai| isa sUtra meM yadyapi manaHparyaya jJAna dvArA saMjJA aura mati Adi ke jAnane kA ullekha hai tathApi ukta vividha viSayoM ko manaHparyayajJAnI mana kI paryAya rUpa se hI jAnatA hai anya prakAra se nahIM yaha isakA * zvetAmbara pATha 'mana-paryayaH' ke sthAna meM manaHparyAyaH' hai| 'vizuddhikSetra-' ityAdi sUtra meM bhI aisA hI pATha hai|
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________________ 11.23.24. ] manaH paryayajJAna ke bheda aura unakA antara 47 bhAva hai| manaHparyayajJAnI pahale matijJAna dvArA anya ke mAnasa ko grahaNa karatA hai aura tadanantara manaHparyaya jJAna kI apane viSaya meM pravRtti hotI hai yaha jo ukta sUtra meM nirdeza kiyA hai usase bhI uktaH abhiprAya kI hI puSTi hotI hai| isake Rjumati aura vipulamati ye do bheda haiN| jo Rju mana ke dvArA vicAre gaye, Rju vacana ke dvArA kahe gaye aura Rju kAya ke dvArA kiye gaye manogata viSaya ko jAnatA hai vaha Rjumati manaHparyayajJAna hai / jo padArtha jisa rUpa se sthita hai usakA usI prakAra cintavana karanevAle mana ko Rjumana kahate haiN| jo padArtha jisa rUpa se sthita hai usakA usI rUpa se kathana karanevAle vacana ko Rju vacana kahate haiM tathA jo padArtha jisa rUpa se sthita hai use abhinaya dvArA usI prakAra se dikhalAne vAle kAya ko RjukAya kahate haiN| isa Rjumati manaHparyayajJAna kI utpatti meM indriya aura mana kI apekSA rahatI hai| Rjumati manaHparyayajJAnI pahale matijJAna ke dvArA dUsare ke abhiprAya ko jAnakara anantara manaHparyaya jJAna ke dvArA dUsare ke manameM sthita usakA nAma, smRti, mati, cintA, jIvana, maraNa, iSTa artha kA samAgama, aniSTa arthakA viyoga, sukha, duHkha, nagara Adi kI samRddhi yA vinAza Adi viSayoM ko jAnatA hai| __tathA jo Rju aura anRju donoM prakAra ke mAnasika, vAcanika aura kAyika manogata viSaya ko jAnatA hai vaha vipulamati manaHparyayajJAna hai| inameM se Rjumana, vacana aura kAya kA artha abhI pIche kaha Aye haiN| tathA saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAyarUpha mana, vacana aura kAyake vyApAra ko anRju mana, vacana aura kAya kahate haiN| yahA~ Adhe cintavana yA acintavana kA nAma anadhyavasAya hai| dolAyamAna cintavana kA nAma saMzaya hai aura viparIta cintavana kA nAma viparyaya hai| vipulamati vartamAna meM
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [1.25. cintavana kiye gaye viSaya ko to jAnatA hI hai para cintavana karake bhUle hue viSaya ko bhI jAnatA hai| jisakA Age cintavana kiyA jAyagA use bhI jAnatA hai| yaha vipulamati manaHparyayajJAnI bhI bhatijJAna se dUsare ke mAnasa ko athavA matijJAna ke viSaya ko grahaNa karake anantara hI manaHparyayajJAna se jAnatA hai| RjumatI aura vipulamati ina donoM meM vipulamati vizuddhatara hai; kyoMki vaha Rjumati kI apekSA sUkSmatara aura adhika viSaya ko jAnatA hai| isake sivA donoM meM yaha bhI antara hai ki Rjumati utpanna hone ke bAda kadAcit naSTa bhI ho jAtA hai; kyoMki Rjumati manaHparyayajJAnI ke mokSa jAnekA niyama nahIM hai| para vipulamati laSTa nahIM hotA, vaha kevalajJAna kI prAptiparyanta avazya banA rahatA hai / / 23-24 // avadhi aura manaHparyaya kA antaravizuddhikSetrasvAmiviSayebhyo'vadhimanaHparyayayoH // 25 // ... vizuddhi, kSetra, svAmI aura viSaya inakI apekSA avadhijJAna aura manAparyayajJAnameM antara hai| pahale avadhijJAna aura manaHparyayajJAna kA varNana kara Aye haiM para 'usase ina donoM kA antara nahIM jJAta hotA / jisakA jJAta honA atyanta Avazyaka hai, ataH isI bAtako batalAne ke liye prastuta sUtra kI racanA huI hai| ina donoM jJAnoM meM jo kSayopazama Adi kI apekSA se antara hai vaha ninna cAra bAtoM se jAnA jAtA hai--vizuddhi, kSetra, svAmI aura viSaya / khulAsA isa prakAra hai-1 avadhi jJAnake viSaya se manaHparyaya jJAnakA viSaya sUkSma hai| 2-avadhi jJAna kA kSetra, aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga se lekara asaMkhyAta loka pramANa taka hai aura manaHparyayajJAna kA kSetra sirpha manuSya lokaparyanta hI hai| 3-avadhi jJAna ke svAmI cAroM gati ke jIva ho sakate haiM para manaH
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________________ 1.26.27.28.29.] pA~coM jJAnoM ke viSaya paryaya jJAnake svAmI vardhamAna-cAritravAle aura sAta prakAra kI RddhiyoM meM se kama se kama kisI eka Rddhi ke dhAraka saMyata hI ho sakate haiN| 4avadhijJAna kA viSaya katipaya payoyasahita rUpI dravya hai aura manaHparyayajJAna kA viSaya usakA anantavAM bhAga hai| isa prakAra ina donoM jJAnoM meM vizuddhikRta, kSetrakRta, svAmIkRta aura viSayakRta antara hai yaha isakA bhAva hai // 25 // pAMcoM jJAnoM ke viSaya - matizrutayornivandhoM dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu * // 26 // rUpiSvavadheH // 27 // tadanantabhAge manaHparyayasya / / 28 // sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalasya / / 29 // 'matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kI pravRtti kucha paryAyoM se yukta saba dravyoM meM hotI hai| avadhijJAna kI pravRtti kucha paryAyoM se yukta rUpI padArthoM meM hotI hai / manaH paryayajJAna kI pravRtti avadhijJAna ke viSaya ke anantaveM bhAga meM hotI hai| kevalajJAna kI pravRtti saba dravyoM meM aura unakI saba paryAyoM meM hotI hai| prastuta sUtroM meM pA~co jJAnoM ke viSaya kA nirdeza kiyA hai| yadyapi matijJAna aura zrutajJAna saba dravyoM ko jAna sakate haiM para ve saba paryAyoM _ ko na jAnakara unakI kucha hI paryAyoM ko jAna sakate pAMcoM jJAnoM kA " haiN| avadhijJAna kevala rUpI padArthoM ko hI jAna sakatA ' hai arUpI padArthoM ko nhiiN| rUpI padArtho se pudgala aura saMsArI jIva liye gaye haiN| manaHparyayajJAna jAnatA to rUpI * zvetAmbara sUtrapATha 'sarvadravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu' aisA hai / viSaya
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [1.26.27.28.29. padArthoM ko hI hai para avadhijJAna ke viSaya se anantaveM bhAga meM isakI pravRtti hotI hai| aura kevalajJAna kA mAhAtmya acintya hai| vaha hotA bhI nirAvaraNa hai isaliye vaha rUpI aura arUpI sabhI dravya aura unakI saba paryAyoM ko yugapat jAnatA hai| yaha ukta sUtroM kA bhAva hai| zaMkA-jaba ki matijJAna aura zratajJAna kSAyopazamika jJAna haiM taba ve rUpI padArthoM ke sivA arUpI padArthoM ko kaise jAna sakate haiM ? samAdhAna-yadyapi pAMca indriyoM ke nimitta se jo matijJAna aura usa para se jo zrutajJAna hotA hai ve rUpI padArtha ko hI jAna sakate haiM, para mana ke nimitta se honevAle matijJAna aura zrutajJAna rUpI aura arUpI donoM prakAra ke padArthoM ko jAna sakate haiM; kyoM ki mana upadeza pUrvaka rUpI aura arUpI sabhI prakAra ke padArthoM kA cintavana karake unakI sattA aura kAryo kA anubhava kara sakatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jaise kisI vastu ke parokSa rahane para bhI yadi anya sAdhanoM dvArA unakA citra mAnasa paTala para aMkita ho jAya to vaha dekhI huI sI pratibhAsita hone lagatI hai vaise hI yadyapi arUpI padArtha bhatijJAna aura zratajJAna ke sarvathA parokSa haiM tathApi mana se bAra bAra vicAra karane para unakA astitva aura unake kArya anubhavagamya ho jAte haiM aura isI se matijJAna tathA zrutajJAna kI pravRtti arUpI padArthoM meM batalAI hai| zrAzaya yaha hai ki matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ke dvArA arUpI padArtho kA sAkSAt grahaNa na ho kara mAnasika vikalpoM dvArA hI unakA grahaNa hotA hai| isI se matijJAna aura zrutajJAna rUpI aura arUpI padArthoM ko jAna sakate haiM yaha batalAyA hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM AtmA ko cetana mAna kara bhI jJAna ko AtmA kA dharma nahIM mAnA hai| vaha ise prakRti kA pariNAma mAnatA hai| naiyAyika aura vaizeSika darzana meM jJAna mAnA to gayA hai jIvaniSTha hI para bhedavAdI hone ke kAraNa ve AtmA meM samavAya sambandha se isakA sadbhAva
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________________ 1.30.] eka sAtha AtmA meM kitane jJAna sambhava haiM mAnate haiN| sAtha hI ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki muktAvasthA meM jJAna kA AtmA se sambandha nahIM rhtaa| kintu isake viparIta eka jaina darzana hI aisA hai jisane jJAna ko AtmA kA svabhAva mAnA hai| isa darzana meM jIva jJAnadhanapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| kintu anAdi kAla se para dravya ke saMyoga vaza jIva azuddha ho rahA hai| jisa kAraNa se nimitta bheda se vaha jJAna pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai| jaba taka azuddhatA rahatI hai taba taka yogyatA aura nimittAnusAra cAra azuddha jJAna prakaTa hote haiM aura azuddhatA ke haTate hI kevalajJAna mahAsUrya kA udaya hotA hai| inameM se prArambha ke cAra jJAna paMgu haiM isalie apanI apanI sImA ke anusAra ve padArthoM ko jAnate haiM aura kevalajJAna paripUrNa hai isalie padArtho ko jAnane kI usakI koI sImA nahIM haiN| vaha triloka aura trikAlavartI samasta padArthoM ko yugapat jAnatA hai| isI siddhAMta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara prakRta sUtroM meM pA~coM jJAnoM ke viSaya kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai // 26-29 // eka sAtha eka AtmA meM kamase kama aura adhika se adhika kitane jJAna sambhava haiM isakA khulAsA ekAdIni bhAjyAni yugapadekasminnA catubhyaH // 30 // eka AtmA meM eka sAtha eka se lekara cAra taka jJAna vikalpa se hote haiN| prastuta mUtra meM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki eka sAtha eka AtmA meM kama se kama kitane aura adhika se adhika kitane jJAna ho sakate haiN| eka sAtha kisI AtmA meM eka, kisI meM do, kisI meM tIna aura kisI meM cAra jJAna ho sakate haiM para eka sAtha pA~coM jJAna kisI bhI AtmA meM nahIM ho sakate / eka jJAna sirpha kevalajJAna hotA hai, kyoMki usakI prApti sampUrNa jJAnAvaraNa karmake kSaya se hotI hai, isalie usa
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________________ 52 tattvArthasUtra [ 1.30. samaya bAyopazamika anya jJAnoM kI prApti sambhava nhiiN| do matijJAna aura zrutajJAna hote haiM, kyoMki eka to ye donoM niyata sahacArI haiM aura dUsare kevalajJAna ke prApta hone ke pahale saba saMsArI jIvoM ke inakA pAyA jAnA nizcita hai| tIna matijJAna, zrutajJAna aura avadhijJAna yA matijJAna, zrutajJAna aura manaHparyayajJAna hote haiM, kyoMki chamastha avasthA meM matijJAna aura zrutajJAna to niyama se hote haiM kintu inake sivA do anya aparNa jJAnoM kA eka sAtha yA akele honA Avazyaka nahIM hai, isalie unameM se apanI apanI yogya sAmagrI ke milane para koI eka jJAna bhI ho sakatA hai| yadi avadhijJAna hotA hai to mati, zruta aura avadhi yaha pahalA vikalpa bana jAtA hai aura yadi manaHparyayajJAna hotA hai to mati, zrata aura manaHparyaya yaha dUsarA vikalpa bana jAtA hai| cAra matijJAna, zratajJAna, avadhijJAna aura mAnaparyayajJAna hote haiN| kyoMki cAroM kSAyopazamika jJAnoM ke eka sAtha hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| para ina cAra jJAnoM ke sAtha yA inameM se kisI bhI jJAna ke sAtha kevalajJAna ke nahIM ho sakane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaha pUrNa jJAna hai aura zeSa apUrNa jJAna haiM, isaliye apUrNa jJAnoM ke sAtha pUrNajJAna ke honemeM virodha hai| zaMkA-prastuta sUtra meM jo eka se adhika jJAnoM kA sambhava eka sAtha batalAyA so kisa apekSA se batalAyA hai ? samAdhAna-kSayopazama kI apekSA se batalAyA hai pravRtti kI apekSA se nhiiN| Azaya yaha hai ki eka sAtha eka AtmA meM ekAdhika jJAnA varaNa karmoM kA kSayopazama to sambhava hai para pravRtti eka kAla meM eka jJAna kI hI hotI hai| jaise pratyeka chamastha saMsArI AtmA ke mati aura zruta ye do jJAna niyama se pAye jAte haiM tathApi inameM se jaba kisI eka jJAna dvArA AtmA apane viSaya ko jAnane meM pravRtta hotA hai tava anya jJAna ke maujUda rahane para bhI vaha usake dvArA viSayako
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________________ 1.30.] eka sAtha AtmA meM kitane jJAna sambhava haiM 53 nahIM jAna sktaa| isI prakAra avadhijJAna aura manaHparyAya ke sadbhAva rahane para bhI jAnanA caahiye| Azaya yaha hai ki eka kAla meM do, tIna yA cAra kitane hI jJAna rahe AveM para pravRtti eka kI hI hotI hai anya jJAna taba labdhirUpa meM rahate haiN| zaMkA-jaba ki sAmAnya se jJAna eka hai aura vaha bhI kevalajJAna taba phira usake pAMca bheda kaise ho jAte haiN| ___ samAdhAna-jaise eka meghapaTala sUryakiraNoM ke saMyoga se aneka raMgoM ko dhAraNa kara letA hai vaise hI eka jJAna ke AvaraNa vizeSa kI apekSA pA~ca bheda ho jAte haiN| jaba apUrNAvasthA rahatI hai taba yathA saMbhava matijJAna Adi cAra jJAna prakaTa hote haiM aura jaba pUrNAvasthA rahatI hai taba paripUrNa aura suvizuddha eka kevalajJAnamAtra prakaTa rahatA hai, zeSa jJAna kSAyopazamika hone ke kAraNa layako prApta ho jAte haiN| __ zaMkA-kevalajJAnAvaraNa sarvaghAtI karma hai aura sarvaghAtikA artha hai pUrI taraha se zakti kA ghAta karanA, isaliye kevalajJAnAvaraNa ke sadbhAva meM anya jJAnoM aura unake AvaraNoM kA honA sambhava hI nahIM, anyathA kevalajJAnAvaraNa sarvaghAti karma nahIM ThaharatA ? ___ samAdhAna-jaise matijJAna Adi kI kSayopazama yA AvaraNoM kI apekSA se sattA mAnI hai vaise unakI svarupasattA nahIM mAnI hai| isase phalita hotA hai ki kevalajJAnAvaraNa sarvaghAti hote hue bhI jJAnazakti ke prakAza ko sarvathA nahIM roka pAtA, kintu usake rahate hue bhI atimandajJAna prakAzamAna hI rahatA hai| aura isa prakAra jo atimanda jJAna prakAzamAna rahatA hai vahI AvaraNa ke bhedoM se mati Adi cArabhAgoM meM ba~Ta jAtA hai| isaprakAra svarUpa sattA kI apekSA yadyapi jJAna eka hai to bhI AvaraNa bheda se vaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai yaha siddha hotA hai ! zaMkA-jaise sUrya prakAza ke samaya candra, graha, nakSatra Adi ke prakAza
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________________ 54 tattvArthasUtra [1.31.32. rahate to haiM para abhibhUta ho jAne ke kAraNa ve apanA kAma nahIM kara pAte vaise hI kevalajJAna ke samaya matijJAna Adi kA sadbhAva mAna lene meM kyA Apatti hai ? samAdhAna-matijJAna Adi cAra jJAna kSAyopazamika bhAva haiM aura kSAyopazamika bhAva apane apane AvaraNa karma ke sadbhAva meM hI hote haiN| yadi kevalajJAna ke samaya matijJAna Adi kA sadbhAva mAnA jAtA hai to taba unake AvaraNa karmoM kA sadbhAva bhI mAnanA par3atA hai| kintu taba AvaraNa karmo kA sadbhAva hai nahIM, isase siddha hai ki kevala jJAna ke samaya matijJAna Adi cAra jJAna nahIM hote // 30 // matizrAdi tIna jJAnoM kI viparyayatA aura usameM hetumatizrutAvadhayo viparyayazca // 31 // sadasatoravizeSAdyadRcchopalavdherunmatta vat // 32 // mati, zruta aura avadhi ye tIna viparyaya arthAt ajJAnarUpa bhI haiN| kyoMki unmatta ke samAna vAstavika aura avAstavika ke antara ke "vinA icchAnusAra grahaNa hone se ukta jJAna viparyaya hote haiN|| jIva kI do avasthAeM mAnI haiM samyaktva avasthA aura mithyAtva avsthaa| inameM se samyaktva avasthA meM jitane bhI jJAna hote haiM ve samyaktva ke sahacArI hone se samIcIna kahalAte haiM aura mithyAtva avasthA meM jitane bhI jJAna hote haiM ve mithyAtva ke sahacArI hone se asamIcIna kahalAte haiN| pAMca jJAnoM meM se manaHparyaya aura kevala ye do jJAna to samyaktva avasthA meM hI hote haiM kintu zeSa tIna jJAna ukta donoM avasthAoM meM hote haiM isalie ye jJAna aura ajJAna donoM rUpa mAne gaye haiN| yathA-matijJAna, matyajJAna, zrutajJAna, tAjJAna, avadhijJAna, avadhi ajJAna / avadhi-ajJAna kA dUsarA nAma vibhaGgajJAna bhI hai|
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________________ 1.31.32.] viparyaya jJAna va vaisA hone meM hetu 55 zaMkA---mithyAtva dazA meM jJAna ko ajJAna yA mithyAjJAna to taba kahanA cAhiye jaba yaha jIva ghaTAdi padArthoM ko viparIta rUpa se grahaNa kare parantu sadA aisA hotA nahIM / yadi kAraNoM kI nirmalatA, bAhya prakAza aura upadeza Adi ke abhAva meM hotA bhI hai to vaha mithyAdRSTi aura samyagdRSTi donoM ko hI hotA hai| vaise sAdhAraNa dazA meM to jaise samyagdRSTi matijJAna dvArA ghaTAdi padArthoM ko jAnatA hai vaise mithyAdRSTi bhI matyajJAna dvArA ghaTAdi padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| jaise samyagdRSTi zrutajJAna dvArA jAne hue ghaTAdi padArtho kA vizeSa nirUpaNa karatA hai. vaise mithyAdRSTi bhI zrutajJAna dvArA unakA vizeSa nirUpaNa karatA hai| isI prakAra jaise samyagdRSTi avadhijJAna dvArA rUpI padArtho ko jAnatA hai vaise mithyAdRSTi bhI vibhaMgajJAna dvArA rUpI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai / isaliye samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi ina donoM ke jJAnoM meM antara mAna kara eka ko jJAna aura dUsare ko ajJAna kahanA ucita nahIM hai ? samAdhAna-yaha sahI hai ki jAnate to samyagdRSTi aura mithyASTi donoM hI haiM para donoM ke jAnane meM antara hai aura vaha antara vastu svarUpa ke vizleSaNa meM hai| yaha thor3e hI hai ki unmatta puruSa sadA viparIta hI jAnatA rahatA hai tathApi usakA jAnanAmAtra sunizcita na hone ke kAraNa jaise mithyA mAnA jAtA hai vaise hI mithyAdRSTi kA jJAnamAtra vastu mvarUpa kI yathArthatA ko sparza na karanevAlA hone ke kAraNa mithyA hI hai| udAharaNArtha-pratyeka vastu anekAntAtmaka hai tathApi mithyAdRSTi ko usake anekAntAtmaka hone meM yA to sandeha banA rahatA hai yA vaha use anekAntAtmaka mAnatA hI nahIM, isaliye yadyapi vyAvahArika dRSTi se ghaTa paTAdi padArthoM ko mithyAdRSTi aura samyagdRSTi donoM hI ghaTapaTAdirUpa se jAna sakate hai / tathApi donoM ke vastusvarUpa ke cintavana karane ke dRSTikoNa meM var3A bhArI antara hai| samyagdRSTi jaisI vastu hai vaisA hI vicAra karatA haiM aura jAnatA bhI vaisA hI hai para
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [ 1.33. mithyA dRSTi unmatta puruSa ke samAna kadAcita sata ko sata mAnatA hai, kadAcit sata ko asat mAnatA hai aura kadAcit asata ko bhI sata mAnatA hai| yahI sababa hai ki samyagdRSTi kA jJAnamAtra samIcIna aura mithyAdRSTi kA jJAnamAtra asamIcIna mAnA jAtA hai| __ mithyAdRSTi ko sadA hI svarUpa viparyAsa, kAraNa viparyAsa aura bhedAbheda viparyAsa banA rahatA hai jisase use mithyAjJAna huA karatA hai| vaha padArthoM ke svarUpa, kAraNa aura bhedAbheda kA ThIka taraha se kabhI bhI nirNaya nahIM kara paataa| apane mithyAjJAna ke doSa se aneka viruddha mAnyatAoM ko vaha janma diyA karatA hai| vividha ekAnta darzana isI mithyAjJAna ke pariNAma haiM / jJAna meM atizaya kA honA aura bAta hai aura samyagjJAna kI prApti honA aura bAta hai| mithyAdRSTi ke bhI aisA sAtizaya jJAna dekhA jAtA hai jisase vaha saMsAra ko cakita kara detA hai| para vaha jJAna mUla meM sadoSa hone ke kAraNa mithyAjJAna hI mAnA gayA hai| aise mithyAjJAna tIna haiM yaha ina sUtroM kA bhAva hai // 31-32 // nayake bheda--- naigamasaMgrahavyavahArarju sUtrazabdasamabhirUDhaivambhUtA nayA: // 33 // naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evambhUta ye sAta naya haiN| ___ mUla nayoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM nimnalikhita paramparAe~ milatI haiM SaTkhaMDAgama meM naya ke naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra aura zabda ina pA~ca bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi kasAyapAhuDa meM ye hI pA~ca bheda nirdiSTa haiM tathApi vahA~ naigama ke saMgrahika aura asaMgrahika ye do bheda tathA tIna zabda naya batalAye haiN| zvetAmbara tattvArtha bhASya aura bhASyamAnya sUtroM kI paramparA kasAyapAhuDa kI paramparA
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________________ 1.33.] nayake bheda kA anusaraNa karatI huI pratIta hotI hai| usameM bhI mala naya pA~ca mAne gaye haiM aura naigama ke do tathA zabda naya ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiN| tattvArthabhASyameM jo naigama ke dezaparikSepI aura sarvaparikSepI ye do bheda kiye haiM so ve kasAyapAhuDa meM kiye gaye naigama ke saMgrahika aura asaMgrahika ina do bhedoM ke anurUpa hI haiN| siddhasena divAkara naigama naya ko nahIM mAnate zeSa chaH nayoM ko mAnate haiN| inake sivA saba digambara aura zvetAmbara graMthoM meM spaSTataH sUtrokta sAta nayoM kA hI ullekha milatA hai| isa prakAra vivakSA bhedase yadyapi nayoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM aneka paramparAe~ milatI hai tathApi ve paraspara eka dUsare kI pUraka hI hai| purANoM meM kathA AI hai ki bhanavAna AdinAtha ke sAtha saikar3oM rAjA dIkSita ho gaye the| dIkSita hone ke bAda kucha kAla taka to ve bhagavAna kA anusaraNa karate rhe| kintu anta naya nirUpaNa kI ___ taka ve Tika na ske| jina dIkSA to unhoMne chor3a pRSThabhUmi dI para aneka kAraNoM se unakA ghara lauTa jAnA sambhava na thaa| unhoMne vRkSoM ke phala mUla Adi khAkara jIvana bitAnA prArambha kiyA aura apane apane vicArAnusAra aneka matoM ko janma diyaa| jaina zAstroM meM jina tIna sau tresaTha matoM kA ullekha milatA hai unakA prArambha yahIM se hotA hai| ye mata kyA hai ? dRSTikoNoM kI vividhatA ke sivA inheM aura kyA kahA jA sakatA hai| jinheM usa samaya saMsAra kI kSaNa bhaMguratA kI pratIti huI unhoMne kSaNika mata kApracAra kiyaa| jinheM anna pAnI kA kaSTa rahate hue bhI jIvana kI sthiratA kA bhAsa huA unhoMne nitya mata kA pracAra kiyaa| isa prakAra ye vicAra udbhUta to hue virodha kI bhUmikA para, para kyA ye virodhI haiM ? nayavAda isI kA uttara detA hai / nayavAda kA artha hai vividha dRSTikoNoM ko svIkAra karake unakA samanvaya karanA /
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [1.33. __ jaisA ki hama pahale batalA Aye haiM jagameM aneka vicAra haiM aura unakI nAnA mArgo se carcA bhI kI jAtI hai| eka vicAra kA samathaka dUsare vicAra ke samarthaka kI bAta nahIM sunanA cAhatA / koI kisI ko svIkAra nahIM karatA / aAja kA hindU musalima daMgA isI kA pariNAma hai| deza meM hindustAna aura pAkastAna ye upaniveza bhI isI se bane haiN| eka dUsare kI sattA svIkAra karane kI bAta na hokara bhI milakara kAma nahIM karanA cAhate / aisA kyoM hai ? kyA vicAra aura prAcAra meM jo bheda dikhAI detA hai vaha vAstavika hai ? dArzanika jagata meM jar3a-cetana, ihaloka-paraloka, saMsAra-mukta Adi viSayoM ko lekara jo pakSApakSI calI hai usapara kyA vijaya nahIM prApta kI jA sakatI hai ? ye yA aise hI aura aneka prazna haiM jinakA samAdhAna nayavAda se kiyA jA sakatA hai aura saba ko eka bhUmikA para lAkara biThAyA jA sakatA hai| nayoM meM padArtha aura AcAra vicAra ke sambandha meM jo vividha vicAra prasphuTita hote haiM unakA vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| mukhyatayA ve eka eka dRSTikoNa kA kathana karate haiN| ye vicAra prAyaH eka dusare se bhinna hote haiN| isalie inameM virodhasA pratIta hotA hai / isa virodha ko miTAkara inakA samanvaya karanA nayavAda kA kAma hai| isaliye ise apekSAvAda bhI kahate haiN| phira bhI samyagjJAna ke pA~ca bhedoM ke sAtha isakA kathana na karake alaga se kathana karane kA kyA prayojana hai ? naya yaha jaba ki zrutajJAna alagase naya nirUpaNa _____ kA bheda hai taba usakA kathana zrutajJAna ke sAtha hI kI sArthakatA " karanA thaa| para aisA kyoM nahIM kiyA gayA yaha " eka prazna hai jisake uttara para isa prakaraNa ke svatantra rUpase likhe jAne kI sArthakatA nirbhara hai| isalie Age isI prazna kA samAdhAna kiyA jAtA hai
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________________ 1.33. ] naya ke bheda 59 yadyapi naya kA antarbhAva zrutajJAna meM hotA hai to bhI nayakA alaga se nirUpaNa karane kA eka pramukha kAraNa hai, jo nimna prakAra hai| -- yadyapi zrutajJAnakA bheda haiM to bho zrutapramANase nayameM antara hai / jo aMza aMzI kA bheda kiye binA padArtha ko samagra rUpa se vicAra meM letA hai aura jo matijJAnapUrvaka hotA hai vaha zrutapramANa hai / kintu jJAna aisA nahIM hai / vaha aMza aMzI kA bheda karake aMza dvArA kA jJAna karAtA hai / isI se pramANajJAna sakalAdezI aura nayajJAna vikalAdezI mAnA gayA hai / saMkalAdeza meM sakala zabda senta dharmAtmaka vastu kA bodha hotA hai / jo jJAna sakala arthAt ananta dharmAtmaka vastu kA bodha karAtA hai vaha sakalAdezI hone se pramANa jJAna mAnA gayA hai / tathA vikalAdeza meM vikala zabda se Mata kA bodha hotA hai / jo jJAna vikala arthAt eka dharma dvArA ananta dharmAtmaka vastu kA bodha karAtA hai vaha vikalAdezI hone se jJAna mAnA gayA hai / pahale pAMcoM jJAnoM kA nirUpaNa pramANa kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai vahAM nayoM kA vivecana karanA sambhava nahIM thA / yahI sababa hai ki yahA~ svatantra rUpa se nayoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / I zaMkA -nayoM kA antarbhAva pramANakoTi meM kyoM nahIM kiyA jAtA hai ? samAdhAna - pramANa jJAna sakalAdezI mAnA gayA hai aura naya vikalAdezI hote haiM isaliye pramANa koTi meM nayoM kA antarbhAva nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / zaMkA- to kyA naya apramANa hote haiM ? samAdhAna - samIcInatA kI dRSTi se to donoM hI jJAna pramANa hote haiM / kintu pramANa kA artha sakalAdezI karane para yaha artha jJAna meM ghaTita nahIM hotA, isa liye use pramANa koTi meM sammilita
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [ 1.33. - nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha-pramANa ko zarIra aura nayako usakA avayava kaha sakate haiN| yadyapi zarIra ke avayava zarIra se jude nahIM hote haiM phira bhI unako ekAnta se zarIra mAna lenA ucita nahIM hai| isa prakAra zarIra aura usake avayavoM meM jo bheda hai ThIka vahI bheda pramANajJAna aura nayajJAna meM hai| __ zaMkA-jaba ki nayajJAna vikalAdezI hai taba phira samIcInatA kI dRSTiAse use pramANa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? samAdhAna-Agama meM anekAnta do prakAra kA batalAyA hai-- samyaganekAnta aura githyA anekAnta / jo eka hI vastu meM yukti aura Agama ke avirodha rUpa se sapratipakSabhUta aneka dharmoM kA pratipAdana karatA hai vaha samyaganekAnta hai| tathA vastu svabhAva kA vicAra na karake vastu ko aneka prakAra kI kalpita karanA mithyA anekAnta hai| jisa prakAra yaha anekAnta do prakAra kA batalAyA hai usI prakAra ekAnta bhI do prakAra kA hai-samyak ekAnta aura mithyA ekAnta / jo sApetabhAva se ekadezadvArA vastu kA nirUpaNa karatA hai vaha samyak ekAnta hai| tathA jo vastu ko sarvathA nitya yA sarvathA anitya Adi rUpa batalA kara usameM sapratipakSabhUta anya dharmoM kA niSedha karatA hai vaha mithyA ekAnta hai| inameM se samyak anekAnta pramANajJAna kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai aura mithyA anekAnta apramANa jJAna kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra samyaka ekAnta naya kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai aura mithyA ekAnta mithyAnaya kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai| yataH nayajJAna anekAnta ko viSaya nahIM karake bhI usakA niSedha nahIM krtaa| pratyuta apane viSaya dvArA usakI puSTi hI karatA hai isaliye nayajJAna bhI samIcInatA kI dRSTi se pramANa mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra yadyapi pramANajJAna ke pAMca bhedoM se nayajJAna kA alaga se kathana kyoM kiyA gayA hai isakA kAraNa jAna lete haiM to bhI isakI
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________________ 61 1.33.] naya ke bheda prANapratiSThA kA aura bhI koI mukhya prayojana hai kyA isakI bhI carcA kara lenA yahA~ Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| bAta yaha hai ki vastu kA vivecana to sabhI ne kiyA hai| aisA eka bhI darzana nahIM hai jisameM vastu kI mUlasparzI carcA nahIM kI gaI ho parantu unhoMne apane utane hI vivecana ko antima mAna liyA hai jisase eka darzana dUsare darzana se sarvathA judA par3a gayA hai| yaha bAta kevala darzanoM ke sambandha meM hI nahIM hai unake mAnanevAloM kI bhI yahI gati hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa jagat meM aneka mata matAntara khar3e ho gaye haiM aura ve eka dUsare kI avagaNanA bhI karane lage haiN| pratyeka vicAraka apane vicAroM ko paripUrNa mAnane lagA hai| phalataH nayanirUpaNa kI / kA zodhaka dRSTi kA sthAna haThAgraha ne le liyA hai| jaina prANapratiSThA kA kAraNa granthoM meM eka dRSTAnta AyA hai| usameM batalAyA hai ki eka gAMva meM chaha andhe rahate the| unhoMne kabhI hAthI dekhA nahIM thaa| eka bAra usa gA~va meM hAthI ke Ane para ve use dekhane ke liye gye| andhe hone ke kAraNa ve use sparza karake hI jAna sakate the| sparza karane para jisake hAtha meM sUMDa AI usane hAthI ko musara sA mAna liyaa| jisake hAtha meM paira Aye usane stambha sA mAna liyA / jisake hAtha meM peTa AyA usane biTA sA mAna liyaa| jisake hAtha meM kAna Aye usane sUpA sA mAna liyaa| jisake hAtha meM pUMcha AI usane buhArI sA mAna liyA aura jisake hAtha meM dAMta Aye usane laTThasA mAna liyA / ina andhoM kI jo sthiti huI ThIka vahI sthiti vividha dArzanikoM kI ho rahI hai| jainadarzana ne isa satya ko samajhA aura isIliye usane vividha vicAroM kA samIkSaNa aura samanvaya karane ke liye samyagjJAna kI prarUpaNA meM nayavAda kI prANapratiSThA isa dRSTi se vicAra karane para jainadarzana se anya darzanoM meM kyA
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [1.33. antara hai yaha bAta sahaja hI samajha meM A jAtI hai| anya darzana jaba jainadarzana se anya __ki eka-eka dRSTikoNa kA mukhyatayA pratipAdana karate hI hai| vasI hAlata meM jainadarzana kA mUla AdhAra vividha dRSTikoNoM ko apekSA bheda se svIkAra karake unakA samanvaya karate hue vaiSamya ko dUra karanAmAtra hai| jainadarzana ne sArI samasyAoM ko isI nayavAda ke AdhAra se sulajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| para isakA yaha artha nahIM ki yaha nayadRSTi se sarvathA kalpita dRSTikoNoM ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai| udAharaNArtha Izvara jagata kA kartA hai isa dRSTikoNa ko vaha kisI bhI apekSA se nahIM mAnatA hai| vaha aisA nahIM mAnatA ki kisI apekSA se Izvara jagata kA kartA hai aura kisI apekSA se nahIM hai| ye vicAra kAryakAraNa bhAva kI viDambanA karanebAle hone se inheM vaha svIkAra hI nahIM krtaa| vaha to vastusparzI jitane bhI vikalpa haiM unheM hI apekSAbheda se svIkAra karatA hai| isa prakAra nayanirUpaNa kI vizeSatA kA khyApana karane ke bAda aba naya ke sAmAnya lakSaNa kA vicAra karate haiM jaisA ki pahale batalAyA jA cukA hai ki naya vaha mAnasika vikalpa hai jo AcAra vicAra ke vizleSaNa karane meM pravRtta hotA hai| ____ isa hisAba se naya ke sAmAnya lakSaNa kI mImAMsA sanca karane para vaha vivakSita eka dharmadvArA vastu kA sApekSa nirUpaNa karanevAlA vicAra ThaharatA hai| yaha lakSaNa sabhI mUla va uttara nayoM meM pAyA jAtA hai isaliye ise naya kA sAmAnya lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| zaMkA-pramANa saptabhaMgI meM bhI pratyeka bhaMga vastu kA sApekSa nirUpaNa karatA hai isaliye vaha vikalAdeza kA hI viSaya honA cAhiye, sakalAdeza kA nahIM ? samAdhAna-yaha ThIka hai ki pramANa saptabhaMgI meM bhI vivakSAbheda se naya kA sAmAnya lakSaNa
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________________ 1.33.] naya ke bheda kathana kiyA jAtA hai| kintu usameM rahanevAlA 'syAt' pada anekAnta ko viSaya karanevAlA hotA hai, isalie pramANa saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga vikalAdeza kA viSaya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| Azaya yaha hai ki pramANa saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga apane artha meM pUrNa hotA hai usake dvArA ananta dharmAtmaka vastu kA 'pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai| isaliye use vikalAdeza kA viSaya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| kintu naya saptabhaMgI ke pratyeka bhaMgadvArA eka eka dharma kA hI uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai aura usa bhaMga meM rahanevAlA 'syAt' pada vivakSAbheda ko hI sUcita karatA hai, isaliye ise vikalAdeza kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM isa viSaya ko yoM samajhAyA jA sakatA hai ki sakalAdeza kA pratyeka bhaMga eka dharma dvArA azeSa vastukA nirUpaNa karatA hai aura vikalAdeza kA pratyeka bhaMga niraMza vastu kA guNa bheda se vibhAga karake kathana karatA hai| isaliye sApekSa kathanamAtra vikalAdeza nahIM ho sakatA hai| __ saMkSepa meM naya ke do bheda haiM-dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika / jagata meM jitane bhI padArtha haiM ve saba utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya svabhAvavAle - mAne gaye haiN| prati samaya badalate rahate haiM to bhI naya ke mukhya bheda aura unakA svarUpa ve apane mUla svabhAva kA kabhI bhI tyAga nahIM " krte| yaha kauna nahIM jAnatA ki sone ke kar3e ko miTAkara bhale hI mukuTa banA liyA jAya to bhI usake sonepane kA kamI bhI nAza nahIM hotaa| yaha eka udAharaNa hai| tattvataH vastumAna sAmAnya-vizeSa ubhayAtmaka hai| sAmAnya ke tiryaka sAmAnya aura UvatA sAmAnya aise do bheda haiN| aneka padArtho meM jo samAnatA dekhI jAtI hai vaha tiryak sAmAnya hai| jaise saba prakAra kI gAyoM meM rahane vAlA gotva yaha tiryaka sAmAnya hai aura Age pIche krama se honevAlI vividha paryAyoM meM rahanevAlA anvaya ardhvatA sAmAnya hai| jaise
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________________ 64 tattvArtha sUtra [ 1.33. sthAsa, koza Adi krama se honevAloM vividha paryAyoM meM miTTI kA banA rahanA UrdhvatA sAmAnya hai / sAmAnya ke jisa prakAra do bheda haiM isI prakAra vizeSa ke bhI do bheda haiM paryAya vizeSa aura vyatireka vizeSa / jaise AtmA meM harSa - viSAda Adi vividha avasthAe~ hotI haiM usI prakAra pratyeka dravya meM krama se honevAlIM paryAyoM ko paryAya vizeSa kahate haiM tathA gAya aura bhaiMsa do padArthoM meM jo asamAnatA pAyI jAtI hai| usI ko vyaktireka vizeSa kahate haiM / ye donoM prakAra ke sAmAnya aura vizeSa padArtha gata hone ke kAraNa padArtha sAmAnya- vizeSa ubhayAtmaka mAnA gayA hai / inameM se sAmAnya aMza ke dvArA vastu ko grahaNa karanevAlI buddhi ko dravyArthika naya kahate haiM aura vizeSa zraMza ke dvArA grahaNa karanevAlI buddhi ko pAryAyArthika naya kahate haiM / isa taraha yadyapi ye naya eka-eka aMza dvArA vastu ko grahaNa karate haiM to bhI dUsarA aMza pratyeka naya meM avivakSita rahatA hai itanAmAtra isa kathana kA tAtparya hai / zaMkA- jaba ki vyatireka vizeSa vyavahAra naya kA viSaya hai aura vyavahAra naya kA antarbhAva dravyArthika naya meM hotA hai aisI hAlata meM vyatireka vizeSa ko paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya batalAnA kahAM taka ucita hai ? samAdhAna- vyavahAra naya kA antarbhAva dravyArthika naya meM hotA hai yA paryAyArthika naya meM yaha dRSTi bhedapara avalambita hai / eka dRSTike anusAra kAlakRtabheda se pUrva taka vastu meM jitanA bhI bheda hotA hai / vaha saba dravyArthika naya kA viSaya ThaharatA hai / sarvArthasiddhi va sanmatitarka meM isI dRSTi ko pramukhatA dI gaI haiM / isaliye isake anusAra vyavahAra naya kA antarbhAva dravyArthika naya meM hI hotA hai / kintu dUsarI dRSTi ke anusAra vyavahAra naya kA antarbhAva paryAyArthika ya meM hI kiyA jA sakatA hai dravyArthika naya meM nahIM, kyoM ki yaha dRSTi bhedamAtra ko paryAyarUpase svIkAra karatI hai| adhyAtma granthoM meM vizeSataH paMcAdhyAyI meM isakA bar3A hI AkarSaka DhaMga se vivecana kiyA gayA hai /
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________________ 1.33.] nayake bheda isa prakAra dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika rUpa se nayoM kI carcA kI aba inake bhedarUpa naigamAdi nayoM kI carcA karate haiM1 jo vicAra zabda, zIla, karma, kArya, kAraNa, AdhAra aura ___ Adheya Adike Azraya se honevAle upacAra ko naigamAdi nayoM kA svarUpa 15 svIkAra karatA hai vaha naigama naya hai| 2 jo vicAra nAnA tattvoM ko aura aneka vyaktiyoM ko kisI eka sAmAnya tattvake AdhAra para ekarUpa meM saMkalita kara letA hai vaha saMgraha naya hai| 3 jo vicAra sAmAnya tattva ke AdhAra para eka rUpa meM saMkalita bastuoM kA prayojana ke anusAra pRthakkaraNa karatA hai vaha vyavahAra naya hai| 4 jo vicAra vartamAna paryAyamAtra ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha RjusUtra naya hai| 5 jo vicAra zabda prayogoM meM AnevAle doSoM ko dUra karake tadanusAra arthabheda kI kalpanA karatA hai vaha zabda naya hai| 6 jo vicAra zabdabheda ke anusAra arthabheda kI kalpanA karatA hai vaha sapabhirUr3ha naya hai| 7 jo vicAra zabda se phalita hone vAle zrartha ke ghaTita hone para hI usa vastu ko usa rUpa meM mAnatA hai vaha evaMbhUta naya hai| aba ina nayoM kA vizeSa khulAsA karate haiM zAstra meM aura loka meM abhiprAyAnusAra vacana vyavahAra nAnA prakAra kA hotA hai aura usase iSTa artha kA jJAna bhI ho jAtA hai| . isameM se bahuta kucha vacana vyavahAra to zabda, zIla, naigama naya niya karma, kArya, kAraNa, AdhAra aura Adheya Adi ke Azraya se kiyA jAtA hai jo ki adhikatara upacAra pradhAna hotA hai| phira bhI usase zroktA vaktA ke abhiprAya ko samyak prakAra jAna
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________________ tattvArtha sUtra [1.33. letA hai| samasta laukika va zAstrIya vyavahAra isI AdhAra para calatA haiM / yadyapi isa vyavahAra kI jar3a upacAra meM nihita hai tathApi isase mUla prayojana ke jJAna karane meM pUrI sahAyatA milatI hai isaliye aise upacAra ko samIcIna naya kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai| yaha samIcIna naya hI naigama naya hai jo aise upacAra ko viSaya karatA hai| jaisA ki pahale likha Aye haiM yaha upacAra nAnA prakAra se hotA hai| kabhI zabda ke nimitta se hotA hai| jaise, 'azvatthAmA hato naro vA kuMjaro vA' yahAM para azvatthAmA nAmaka hAthI ke mara jAne para dUsare ko bhrama meM DAlane ke lie azvatthAmA zabda kA azvatthAmA nAmaka puruSa meM upacAra kiyA gayA hai| kabhI zIla ke nimitta se hotA hai| jaise, kisI manuSya kA svabhAva ati krodhI dekhakara use siMha khnaa| kabhI karma ke nimitta se hotA hai| jaise, kisI ko rAkSasa kA karma karate hue dekha kara rAkSasa khnaa| kabhI kArya ke nimitta se hotA hai| jaise, anna kA prANa dhAraNa rUpa kArya dekhakara anna ko prANa khnaa| kabhI kAraNa ke nimitta se hotA hai| jaise, sone ke hAra ko kAraNa kI mukhyatA se sonA khnaa| kabhI AdhAra ke nimitta se hotA hai| jaise, svabhAvataH kisI ko U~cA sthAna baiThane ke liye mila jAne se use vahA~ kA rAjA khnaa| kabhI Adheya ke nimittase hotA hai| jaise kisI vyakti ke jozIle bhASaNa denepara kahanA ki Aja to vyAsa pITha khUba garaja rahA hai| Adi / ___ isa va isI prakAra ke dUsare vacana vyavahAra kI pravRtti meM mukhyataH saMkalpa kArya karatA hai| isI se anyatra isa naya ko saMkalpa mAtra kA grahaNa karanevAlA batalAyA hai| ___ Agama meM isa naya ke aneka bheda milate haiN| yathA dravyArthika naigama, paryAyArthika naigama, dravyaparyAyArthika naigama / so ve saba bheda tabhI ghaTita hote haiM jaba isakA viSaya upacAra mAna liyA jAtA hai /
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________________ 1.33.] naya ke bheda jaga meM jar3a cetana jitane padArtha haiM ve saba sadrUSa haiM isI se unameM sat sat aisA jJAna aura sat sat aisI vacana pravRtti hotI hai, ataH . sadra pa isa sAmAnya tatva para dRSTi rakha kara aisA saMgrahanaya vicAra karanA ki sampUrNa jagata sadra pa hai saMgrahanaya hai| jaba aisA vicAra AtA hai taba jar3a cetana ke jitane bhI avAntara bheda hote haiM unheM dhyAna meM nahIM liyA jAtA aura una saba ko sadra pa se eka mAna kara calanA par3atA hai| yaha parama saMgrahanaya hai| saMgraha kiye gaye taratamarUpa sAmAnya tattva ke anusAra isake aneka udAharaNa ho sakate haiN| isI se isake para saMgraha aura apara saMgraha aise do bheda kiye gaye haiN| para saMgraha eka hI hai| kintu apara saMgraha ke loka meM jitanI jAtiyA~ sambhava haiM utane bheda ho jAte haiN| yahAM itanA vizeSa samajhanA cAhiye ki naiyAyika vaizeSikoM ne para aura apara nAma kA vyApaka aura nitya jaisA svataMtra sAmAnya mAnA hai aisA sAmAnya jaina darzana nahIM mAnatA / isameM sata do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai svarUpasata aura sAdRzya sata / jo pratyeka vyakti ke svarUpAstitva kA sUcaka hai vaha svarUpasata hai aura jo sadRza pariNAma nAnA vyaktiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai vaha sAdRzyasata hai| yahAM saMgrahanaya kA prayojaka mukhyataH yaha sAdRzyasata hI hai| yaha jitanA bar3A yA choTA vivakSita hotA hai saMgraha naya bhI utanA hI bar3A yA choTA ho jAtA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jo vicAra sadRza pariraNAma ke Azraya se nAnA vastuoM meM ekatva kI kalpanA karA kara pravRtta hote haiM ve saba saMgraha naya kI zreNi meM A jAte haiN| isa prakAra yadyapi saMgrahalaya ke dvArA yathAyogya azeSa vastuoM kA vargIkaraNa kara liyA jAtA hai| manuSya kahane se sabhI manuSyoM kA saMgraha ho jAtA hai| tathApi jaba unakA vizeSa rUpa vyavahAra se bodha karAnA hotA hai yA vyavahAra meM unakA alaga alaga rUpa se upayoga karanA hotA hai taba unakA vidhi pUrvaka vibhAga
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________________ [ 1.33. tatvArthasUtra kiyA jAtA hai| jisa vidhi se saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai usI vidhi se unakA vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha-manuSya kahane se hindustAnI, jApAnI, cInI, amerikana Adi sabhI manuSyoM kA jisa krama se saMgraha kiyA jAya usI krama se unakA vibhAga karane rUpa vicAra vyavahAra naya kahalAtA hai| loka meM yA zAstra meM isa naya kI isI rUpa se pravRtti hotI hai| isase isake bhI aneka bheda ho jAte haiN| ekIkaraNa kI dRSTi se jitane saMgraha naya prApta hote haiM vibhAgIkaraNa kI apekSA utane hI vyavahAra naya prApta hote haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki padArthoM ke vidhi pUrvaka vibhAga karane rUpa jitane vicAra pAye jAte haiM ve saba vyavahAra naya kI zreNi meM Ate haiN| Upara jo tIna naya batalAye haiM ve pratyeka padArtha kI vividha avasthAoM kI ora nahIM dekhte| unheM nahIM patA ki vartamAna meM usakA - kyA rUpa hai / paryAya bheda to unameM sarvathA avivakSita uDAna hI rahatA hai| kintu vicAra paryAya kI ora jA~ya hI nahIM aisA kabhI nahIM ho sktaa| jisa prakAra ve vividha padArthoM kA unakI vividha avasthAoM kI vivakSA kiye binA vargIkaraNa aura vibhAga karate haiM usI prakAra ve una padArthoM kI vividha avasthAoM kA bhI vicAra karate haiN| kintu vividha avasthAoM kA sammelana dravya koTi meM AtA hai paryAya koTi meM nahIM / vAstava meM dravya kI eka paryAya hI paryAya koTi meM AtI hai kyoMki paryAya eka kSaNavartI hotI hai| usameM bhI vartamAna kA nAma hI paryAya hai kyoMki atIta vinaSTa aura anAgata anutpanna hone se unameM paryAya vyavahAra nahIM ho sktaa| isI se RjusUtra naya kA viSaya vartamAna paryAya mAtra batalAyA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki yaha naya vidyamAna avasthA rUpa se hI vastu ko svIkAra karatA hai dravya usameM sarvathA avivakSita rahatA hai ataH paryAya sambandhI jitane bhI vicAra prApta hote haiM ve saba RjusUtra naya kI zreNi meM Ate haiN|
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________________ 1.33] naya ke bheda yoM to dravya aura paryAya ke sambandha meM jitane vicAra hote haiM unakA vargIkaraNa upayukta cAra nayoM meM hI ho jAtA hai| jinakA vI karaNa svatantra naya dvArA kiyA jAya aise vicAra hI sada naba zeSa nahIM rhte| tathApi vicAroM ko prakaTa karane aura iSTa padArtha kA jJAna karAne kA zabda pradhAna sAdhana hai| isaliye isakI pramukhatA se jitanA bhI vicAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha saba zabda samabhirUDha aura evambhUta naya kI koTi meM AtA hai| aba taka zabda prayoga kI vividhatA hone para bhI atha meM bheda nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA thaa| kintu ye naya zabdaniSTa tAratamya ke anusAra arthabheda ko svIkAra karake pravRtta hote haiN| zabda naya liMga, saMkhyA, kAla, kAraka aura upasargAdika ke bheda se artha meM bheda karatA hai| vaha mAnatA hai ki jaba ye saba alaga alaga haiM taba phira inake dvArA kahA jAnevAlA artha bhI alaga alaga hI honA caahiye| isI se zabda naya liMga aura kAlAdika ke bheda se artha meM bhI bheda mAna kara calatA hai / udAharaNArtha-isI grantha meM 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH' sUtra AyA hai| isa sUtra meM 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi' pada bahu vacanAnta aura napuMsaka liGga hai| tathA 'mokSamArgaH' pada eka vacanAnta aura pulliMga hai| so yaha naya isa prakAra ke prayogoM meM una dvArA kahe gaye artha ko bhI alaga alaga mAnatA hai| vaha mAnatA hai ki 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi' pada dvArA kahA gayA artha anya hai aura 'mokSamArgaH' pada dvArA kahA gayA artha anya hai| liMga bheda aura saGkhathA bheda hone ke kAraNa ye donoM pada eka artha ke vAcaka nahIM ho sakate aisI isakI mAnyatA hai| yaha liMga aura saMkhyA bheda se artha bheda kA udAharaNa hai| ____ 'Aja hama Apa ko yahAM dekha rahe haiM aura kala cauka meM dekhA thA' yaha vAkya yadyapi eka vyakti ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai tathApi zabda
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________________ tatvArtha sUtra [ 1.33. naya isa vAkya dvArA kahe gaye vyakti ko eka nahIM maantaa| vaha mAnatA hai ki kala cauka meM dekhe gaye vyakti se Aja jise dekha rahe haiM vaha bhinna hai / yaha kAla bheda se artha bheda kA udAharaNa hai / 70 jaba hama bAtacIta ke silasile meM kisI eka vyakti ke lie 'Apa' aura 'tuma' donoM zabdoM kA prayoga karate haiM to yaha naya 'Apa' zabda dvArA kahe gaye vyakti ko anya mAnatA hai aura 'tuma' zabda dvArA kahe gaye vyakti ko anya / yaha puruSa bheda se artha bheda kA udAharaNa hai| isI prakAra yaha naya kAraka, sAdhana aura upasarga Adi ke bheda se artha bheda karatA hai / isa taraha zabda prayogoM meM jo liMgAdi bheda dikhalAI detA hai aura usase jo artha bheda kiyA jAtA hai vaha saba zabda naya kI zreNI meM AtA hai| para yaha bheda yahIM taka sImita nahIM rahatA hai kintu vaha isase bhI Age bar3ha jAtA hai / Age yaha vicAra uThatA hai ki jaba kAla, kAraka, puruSa aura upasarga Adi ke bheda se artha meM samabhirU naya bheda kiyA jAtA hai taba phira jahAM aneka zabdoM kA eka artha liyA jAtA hai vahA~ vAstava meM una zabdoM kA eka artha nahIM sakatA / aura isaliye pratyeka zabda kA judA judA artha honA cAhiye / indra zabda kA judA artha honA cAhiye aura zaka zabda kA judA | isI prakAra jitane bhI ekArthaka zabda mAne gaye haiM una saba ke jude jur3e artha hone cAhiye / yadyapi kahIM eka zabda ke aneka artha kiye jAte haiM para jisa prakAra aneka zabdoM kA eka artha nahIM ho sakatA usI prakAra eka zabda ke aneka artha bhI nahIM ho sakate / isa prakAra zabda bheda ke anusAra artha bheda karanevAlA vicAra samabhirUda naya kahalAtA hai / aise samasta vicAra isa naya kI zreNI meM Ate haiM / kyA yaha bheda yahI para samApta ho jAtA hai yA isake Age bhI
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________________ 1.33. ] naya ke bheda 71 jAtA hai yaha eka prazna hai jisakA uttara evambhUta naya detA hai / isake anusAra pratyeka zabda kA vyutpattyarthaM ghaTita hone para evambhUta naya hI usa zabda kA vaha artha liyA jAtA hai / samabhirUr3ha naya jahA~ zabda bheda ke anusAra artha bheda karatA hai vahA~ evambhUta vyutpattyartha ke ghaTita hone para hI zabda bheda ke anusAra artha bheda karatA hai / yaha mAnatA hai ki jisa zabda kA jisa kriyArUpa artha tadrapakriyA se pariNata samaya meM hI usa zabda kA vaha artha ho sakatA anya samaya meM nahIM / udAharaNArtha- pUjA karate samaya hI kisI ko pujArI kahanA ucita hai anya samaya meM nahIM / vahI vyakti jaba rasoI banAne lagatA hai yA sevA karane lagatA hai taba isa ya ke anusAra use pujArI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| usa samaya vaha rasoiyA yA sevaka hI kahA jAyagA / isa prakAra ukta prakAra ke jitane bhI vicAra haiM ve saba evambhUta naya kI zreNI meM Ate haiM / nayoMke viSaya kI ye sAta naya haiM jo uttarottara alpa viSayavAle haiM / arthAt naigama ke viSaya se saMgraha naya kA viSaya alpa hai aura saMgraha naya ke viSaya se vyavahAra nayakA viSaya alpa hai Adi / pUrva pUrva nayoM ke isase yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki saMgraha naya viSaya kI mahAnatA kI apekSA naigama kA, vyavahAra kI apekSA saMgraha aura uttara uttara kA aura RjumUtra Adi kI apekSA vyavahAra Adi samarthana kA viSaya mahAn hai / arthAt naigama naya kA samagra viSaya saMgraha naya kA aviSaya hai / saMgraha naya kA samagra vipaya vyavahAra naya kA aviSaya hai Adi / ina sAtoM nayoM meM se naigama naya dravya aura paryAya ko gauNa mukhya bhAva se viSaya karatA hai isalie saMgraha naya ke viSaya se naigamanaya kA viSaya mahAn hai aura naigama naya ke viSaya se saMgraha naya kA viSaya alpa hai / saMgrahanaya sAmAnya ko aura tiryak sAmAnya ko viSaya karatA hai isaliye
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________________ 72 tattvArthasUtra [ 1.33. vyavahAra naya se saMgraha naya kA viSaya mahAna hai aura saMgraha nayase vyavahAra naya kA viSaya alpa hai| vyavahAra naya UrvatA sAmAnya ko, bheda dvArA tiryak sAmAnya ko aura vyatireka vizeSa ko vipaya karatA hai isaliye RjusUtra naya ke viSaya se vyavahAra nayakA viSaya mahAn hai aura vyavahAra naya ke viSaya se RjusUtra nayakA viSaya alpa hai / RjusUtra naya paryAya vizeSa ko viSaya karatA hai isalie zabda naya ke viSaya se RjusUtra naya kA viSaya mahAna hai aura RjusUtra naya ke viSaya se zabda naya kA viSaya alpa hai| zabda naya liMgAdika ke bheda se zabda dvArA paryAya vizeSa ko viSaya karatA hai, isalie zabda nayake viSaya se RjusUtra nayakA viSaya mahAn hai aura RjusUtra naya ke viSaya se zabda naya kA viSaya alpa hai / samabhirUr3ha naya paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke bheda se paryAya vizeSa ko viSaya karatA hai isaliye samabhirUr3ha naya ke viSaya se zabda naya kA viSaya mahAn hai aura zabda naya ke viSaya se samabhirUr3ha naya kA viSaya alpa hai| evambhUta nava vyutpatti artha ke ghaTita honepara hI vivakSita zabda dvArA usake vAcya ko viSaya karatA hai isalie evambhUta naya ke viSaya se samabhirUr3ha naya kA viSaya mahAna hai aura samabhirUr3ha naya ke viSaya se evambhUta naya kA viSaya alpa hai| jaisA ki pahale batalA Aye haiM ye sAtoM hI naya dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ina do bhAgoM meM baTe hue haiN| prArambha ke tIna naya dravyArthika haiM aura zeSa cAra naya paryAyArthika / naigama naya yadyapi sAtA naya dravyAthika gauNa makhya bhAva se dravya aura paryAya donoM ko grahaNa aura paryAyArthika ina do bhAgoM meM karatA hai phira bhI vaha inako upacAra se hI viSaya ba~Te hue haiM karatA hai isalie yaha dravyArthika naya kA bheda mAnA gayA hai| saMgraha naya to drabyArthika hai ho / vyavahAra nayake viSaya meM UrdhvatA sAmAnya kI apekSA bheda nahIM kiyA jAtA
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________________ 1.33.] naya ke bheda 73 isaliye isakA antarbhAva bhI dravyArthika naya meM hI hotA hai| mAnA ki vyavahAra naya vyatireka vizeSa ko bhI viSaya karatA hai para vyatireka vizeSa do sApekSa hotA hai, isalie itane mAtra se ise paryAyArthika naya kA bheda nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| Age ke cAra naya paryAyArthika haiM kyoMki RjusUtra naya paryAya vizeSa ko viSaya karatA hai isaliye vaha to paryAyArthika hai hii| zeSa tIna naya bhI paryAya ko hI viSaya karate haiM isaliye ve bhI paryAyArthika hI haiN| prakRti meM dravya kA artha sAmAnya aura paryAya kA artha vizepa hai| prArambha ke tIna naya dravya ko viSaya karate haiM isaliye ve dravyArthika kahalAte haiM aura zeSa cAra naya paryAya ko viSaya karanevAle hone se paryAyArthika kahalAte haiN| kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki ve sarvathA nirapekSa haiN| yadyapi ye pratyeka naya apane apane viSaya ko hI grahaNa karate haiM phira bhI unakA prayojana apane se bhinna dUsare naya ke viSaya kA parasparasApekSatA nirAkaraNa karanA nahIM hai| kintu guNa pradhAna bhAva se ye paraspara sApekSa hokara hI samyagdarzana ko utpanna karate haiN| jisa prakAra pratyeka tantu svatantra raha kara paTakArya ko karane meM asamartha hai kintu unake mila jAne para paTakArya kI utpatti hotI hai usI prakAra pratyeka naya svatantra raha kara apane kArya ko paidA karane meM asamartha hai kintu paraspara sApekSa bhAva se ve samyagjJAna ko utpanna karate haiM yaha ukta kathana kA tAtparya hai|| 33 //
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________________ dUsarA adhyAya pahale adhyAya meM samyagdarzana ke viSayarUpa se sAta padArthoM kA nAma nirdeza kara Aye haiM jinakA Age ke adhyAyoM meM vizeSa rUpase vicAra karanA hai| unameM se sarvaprathama cauthe adhyAya taka jIva tattva kA vivecana karate haiM pAMca bhAva, unake bheda aura udAharaNaaupazamikatAyikau bhAvau mizrazca jIvasya svatattvamaudayikapAriNAmikau ca // 1 // dvinavASTAdazaikaviMzatitribhedA yathAkramam // 2 // samyaktvacAritre // 3 // jJAnadarzanadAnalAbhabhogopabhogavIryANi ca // 4 // * jJAnAjJAnadarzanalabdhayazcatusvitripaMcamedAH samyaktvacAritrasaMyamAsaMyamozca / / 5 // __ + gatikaSAyaliMgamithyAdarzanAjJAnAsaMyatAsiddhalezyAzcatuzcatusnyekaikaikapaDbhedAH // 6 // jIvamavyAbhavyatvAni ca // 7 // * zvetAMbara pATha 'jJAnAjJAnadarzanadAnAdilabdhayaH' ityAdi hai| zvetAMbara pATha-'siddha' ke sthAna meM siddhatva' hai| zvetAmvara pATha tvAdIni' hai|
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________________ 2.1.-7.] pA~ca bhAva, unake bheda aura udAharaNa ___aupazamika, kSAyika aura mizra tathA audayika aura pAriNAmika ye jIvake svatattva-svarUpa haiN| unake krama se do, nau, aThAraha, ikkIsa aura tIna bheda haiN| samyaktva aura cAritra ye do aupazamika bhAva haiN| jJAna, darzana, dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya tathA samyaktva aura cAritra ye nau kSAyika bhAva haiN| cAra jJAna, tIna ajJAna, tIna darzana, pAMca labdhiyAM. samyaktva, cAritra aura saMyamAsaMyama ye aThAraha mizra arthAt kSAyopazamika bhAva haiN| cAra gati. cAra kaSAya, tIna liGga-veda, eka mithyAdarzana, eka ajJAna, eka asaMyama, eka asiddhabhAva aura aura chaha lezyA ye ikkIsa audAyika bhAva haiN| jIvatva, bhavyatva aura abhabyatva ye tIna pAriNAmika bhAva haiN| sabhI Astika darzanoM ne AtmA ko svIkAra kiyA hai para usake svarUpa ke viSaya meM saba darzana eka bhata nahIM haiN| sAMkhya aura vedAnta AtmA ko kUTastha nitya mAnakara use pariNAma rahita mAnate haiN| sAMkhya ne jJAnAdi ko prakRti kA pariNAma mAnA hai| vaizeSika aura naiyAyikoM ne bhI. AtmA ko ekAnta nitya mAnA hai| isake viparIta bauddhoMne AtmA ko sarvathA kSaNika arthAt niranvaya pariNAmoM kA pravAhamAtra mAnA hai| para jaina darzana AtmA ko na to sarvathA nitya hI mAnatA hai aura na sarvathA kSaNika hI / usake matameM AtmA pariNAmI nitya mAnA gayA hai| vaha savadA eka rUpa nahIM rahatA isaliye to pariNAmI hai aura apane svabhAva ko nahIM chor3atA isaliye nitya hai| isase yaha phalita huA ki yaha AtmA apane svabhAva ko na chor3akara sarvadA pariNamanazIla hai|
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________________ 76 tattvArthasUtra [2.1.-7. ____ AtmA kI do avasthAe~ haiM saMsAgavasthA aura muktaavsthaa| ina donoM prakAra kI avasthAoM meM AtmA kI jo vividha paryAya hotI haiM una sabako samasita karake yahA~ pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai-aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, audAyika aura paarinnaamik| ye hI AtmA ke svatattva haiM, kyoMki ye AtmA ko chor3akara anya dravya meM nahIM pAye jAte / inheM bhAva bhI kahate haiN| 1 aupazamika bhAva-jisa bhAva ke hone meM karma kA upazama nimitta hai vaha aupazamika bhAva hai| karma kI avasthA vizepakA nAma upazama hai| jaise katakAdi dravya ke nimitta se jala meM se mala eka ora haTa jAtA hai vaise hI pariNAma vizeSa ke kAraNa vivakSita kAla ke karmanipekoM kA antara hokara usa karma kA upazama ho jAtA hai jisase usa kAla ke bhItara AtmAkA nirmala bhAva prakaTa hotA hai| yataH yaha bhAva karma ke upazama se hotA hai isalie ise aupazamika bhAva kahate haiN| __ 2 kSAyika bhAva-jisa bhAva ke hone meM karma kA kSaya nimitta hai vaha kSAyika bhAva hai| jaise jalameM se malake nikAla dene para jala sarvathA svaccha ho jAtA hai vaise hI AtmA se lage hue karma ke sarvathA dUra ho jAne para AtmA kA nirmala bhAva prakaTa hotA hai / yataH yaha bhAva karma ke sarvathA kSaya se hotA hai isaliye ise kSAyika bhAva kahate haiN| . 3 kSAyopazamika bhAva-jisa bhAva ke hone meM karma kA kSayopazama nimitta hai vahAkSAyopazamika bhAva hai| jaise jala meM se kucha mala ke nikala jAne para aura kucha ke bane rahane para jala meM mala kI kSINAkSINa vRtti dekhI jAtI hai jisase jala pUrA nirmala na hokara samala banA rahatA hai| vaise hI AtmA se lage hue karma ke kSayopazama ke hone para jo bhAva prakaTa hotA hai use kSAyopazamika bhAva kahate haiN|
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________________ 2.1.-7.] pAMca bhAva, unake bheda aura udAharaNa 7 4 audayika bhAva-jisa bhAva ke hone meM karma kA udaya nimitta hai vaha audAyika bhAva hai| 5pAriNAmika bhAva-jo karma ke upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama aura udaya ke binA dravya ke pariNAmamAtra se hotA hai vaha pAriNAmika bhAva hai| Azaya yaha hai ki bAhyanimitta ke binA dravya ke svAbhAvika pariNamana se jo bhAva prakaTa hotA hai vaha pAriNAmika bhAva hai| saMsArI yA mukta AtmA kI jitanI bhI paryAya hotI haiM ve saba ina pAMca bhAvoM meM antabhUta ho jAtI haiM isaliye bhAva pAMca hI hote haiM ___ adhika nhiiN| inheM svatattva isaliye kahA ki ye svatattva vicAra pAra jIva ke sivA anya dravya meM nahIM pAye jAte / yadyapi mala ke daba jAne se yA nikala jAne se jala kI svacchatA aupazamika yA kSAyika hai| tathA isI prakAra jalAdi jar3a dravyoM meM anya bhAva bhI ghaTita kiye jA sakate haiM, isaliye ina bhAvoM ko jIva ke svatattva nahIM kahanA cAhiye / tathApi prakRta meM aupazamika Adi kA jo artha vivakSita hai vaha jIva dravya ko chor3a kara anyatra nahIM pAyA jAtA isaliye ina bhAvoM ko jIva ke svatattva kahane meM koI Apatti nhiiN| ___yadyapi bhAva pAMca hote haiM para pratyeka jIva ke pAMcoM bhAva pAye jAne kA koI niyama nahIM hai| saMsArI jIvoM meM se kisI ke tIna, kisI ke kisake kitane cAra aura kisI ke pAMca bhAva hote haiN| tIsare guNasthAna tana taka ke saba saMsArI jIvoM ke kSAyopazamika, audAyika bhAva aura pAriNAmika ye tIna hI bhAva hote haiN| cAra bhAva aupazamika samyaktva, kSAyika samyaktva yA kSAyika cAritra ke prApta hone para hote haiM aura pAMca bhAva kSAyika samyagdRSTi ke upazama zreNi para ArohaNa karane para hote haiN| saMsArI jIvoM ke kevala eka yA do bhAva nahIM hote| kintu saba mukta jIvoM ke kSAyika aura pAriNAmika ye do hI bhAva hote haiN| vahA~ karma kA sambandha nahIM hone se audAyika, aupa
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [2.1.-7. zamika aura kSAyopazamika bhAva sambhava nahIM haiN| isa prakAra saba jIvoM kI apekSA kula bhAva pAMca hI hote haiM yaha siddha huaa||1|| __isa sUtra meM ina pAMca bhAvoM ke avAntara bheda ginAye haiM jo sama mila kara pana hote haiM // 2 // ___ karmoM kI dasa avasthAoM meM eka upazAnta avasthA bhI hai| jina karma paramANuoM kI udIraNA sambhava nahIM arthAt jo udIraNA ke _ayogya hote haiM ve upazAnta kahalAte haiN| yaha avasthA graupazamika bhAva 1 AThoM karmoM meM sambhava hai| prakRta meM isa upazAnta avasthA se prayojana nahIM hai| kintu adhaHkaraNa Adi pariNAma vizeSoM se jo mohanIya karma kA upazama hotA hai prakRta meM usase prayojana hai| mohanIya ke do bheda haiM darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya / inameM se darzana mohanIya ke upazama se aupazamika samyakatva hotA hai aura cAritra mohanIya ke upazama se aupazamika cAritra hotA hai| mohanIya karma ko chor3a kara anya karmoM kA antarakaraNa upazama nahIM hotA, isaliye aupazamika bhAva ke samyaktva aura cAritra ye do hI bheda batalAye haiM // 3 // pahale kSAyika bhAva ke nau bheda ginA Aye haiM--kevala jJAna, kevala darzana,kSAyika dAna, kSAyika lAbha, kSAyika bhoga, kSAyika upabhoga, kSAyika ... vIrya, kSAyika samyaktva aura kSAyika cAritra / inameM se kSAyika bhA majJAnAvaraNa ke kSaya se kevala jJAna, darzanAvaraNa ke kSaya se kevala darzana, pAMca prakAra ke antarAya ke kSaya se dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya ye pAMca labdhiyAM, darzana mohanIya karma ke kSaya se kSAyika samyakatva aura cAritra mohanIya karma ke kSaya se kSAyika cAritra prakaTa hote haiN| zaMkA-kevalajJAna ko kevalajJAnAvaraNa karma prAvRtta karatA hai phira yahAM jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSaya se kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai aisA kyoM kahA?
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________________ 2.1.--.] pA~ca bhAva, unake bheda aura udAharaNa samAdhAna-AtmA kA svabhAva kevalajJAna hai jise kevalajJAnAvaraNa AvRta kiye hue hai| tathApi vaha pUrA AvRta nahIM ho paataa| ati manda jJAna prakaTa hI banA rahatA hai jise matijJAnAvaraNa Adi karma AvRta karate hai| isase spaSTa hai ki kevalajJAna ko prakaTa na hone denA jJAnAvaraNa ke pAMcoM bhedoM kA kArya hai| kevalajJAnAvaraNa kevalajJAna ko sAkSAt rokatA hai aura matijJAnAvaraNa Adi paraMparA se| isaliye yahAM jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSaya se kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai yaha kahA hai| zaMkA-kevaladarzana ko kevaladarzanAvaraNa karma zrAvRta karatA hai phira yahA~ darzanAvaraNa karma ke kSaya se kevaladarzana prakaTa hotA hai aisA kyoM kahA? samAdhAna-AtmA kA svabhAva kevaladarzana hai jise kevaladarzanAvaraNa AvRta kiye hue hai| tathApi vaha pUrA AvRta nahIM ho paataa| ati manda darzana prakaTa hI banA rahatA hai jise cakSudarzanAvaraNa, acakSu darzanAvaraNa aura avadhidarzanAvaraNa karma rokatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki kevaladarzana ko prakaTa na hone denA cakSudarzanAvaraNa Adi cAroM AvaraNoM kA kArya hai| kevaladarzanAvaraNa kevaladarzana ko sAkSAt rokatA hai aura zeSa AvaraNa paraMparA se / isaliye yahAM darzanAvaraNa karma ke kSaya se kevaladarzana prakaTa hotA hai yaha kahA hai| zaMkA-kyA kSAyika dAna se abhaya dAna, kSAyika lAbha se audArika zarIra kI sthiti meM kAraNabhUta ananta zubha paramANu, kSAyika bhoga se kusumavRSTi Adi aura kSAyika upabhoga se siMhAsana, cAmara tathA chatratraya Adi prApta hote haiM ? samAdhAnaye kSAyikadAna Adi AtmA ke anujIvI bhAva haiN| bAhya sAmagrI kA prApta karAnA inakA kArya nahIM hai| zaMkA-to phira anyatra kSAyika dAna Adi kA kArya abhayadAna Adi kyoM kahA?
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [2.1.-7. samAdhAna-upacAra se| zaMkA-upacAra kA kAraNa kyA hai ? samAdhAna-ina kSAyika dAna Adi ke sadbhAva meM ye abhaya-dAna Adi kArya hote haiM, isa liye upacAra se abhayadAnAdi inake kArya kahe gaye haiM ? zaMkA-to phira ye abhayadAnAdi kisake kArya haiM ? samAdhAna-ye abhayadAnAdi kArya zarIra nAmakama aura tIrthakara Adi nAma karma ke udaya meM hote haiM isaliye ye inake nimitta kAraNa kahe jAte haiN| vaise to zarIra ke yogya pudgala paramANuoM kA grahaNa yoga se hotA hai aura kusumavRSTi Adi kArya bhaktivaza Ae hue devAdikaM karate haiM isalie ye hI ina kAryoM ke nimitta kAraNa haiN| zaMkA-aghAtiyA karmoM ke kSaya se bhI kSAyika bhAva prakaTa hote haiM, unheM kSAyika bhAvoM meM kyoM nahIM ginAyA ? samAdhAna-aghAtiyA karmoM ke kSaya se prakaTa honevAle bhAva AtmA ke anujIvI arthAt asAdhAraNa bhAva nahIM hote kintu ve pratijovo hote hai arthAt unakA sadbhAva anya dravyoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai aura yahA~ prakaraNa AtmA ke asAdhAraNa bhAvoM ke batalAne kA hai, isa liye unheM yahA~ nahIM ginAyA // 4 // _ jina avAntara karmoM meM dezaghAti aura sarvaghAti donoM prakAra ke karma paramANu pAye jAte haiM kSayopazama unhIM karmo kA hotA hai| nau - nokaSAyoM meM kevala dezaghAti karma paramANu pAe jAte kSAyopazamika bhAva ke bheda kA haiM isa lie unakA kSayopazama nahIM hotaa| kevala jJAnAvaraNa Adi prakRtiyoM meM kevala sarvaghAti paramANu pAe jAte haiM isa lie unakA bhI kSayopazama nahIM hotaa| yadyapi pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa aura apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya sarvaghAti hI haiM kintu inheM apekSAkRta dezaghAti mAna liyA jAtA hai, isa lie anantAnu
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________________ 2.1,-7.] pAMca bhAva, usake bheda aura udAharaNa 81 bandhI Adi kA kSayopazama bana jAtA hai| aghAtiyA karmoM meM to dezavAti aura sarvaghAti yaha vikalpa hI sambhava nahIM isa lie unake kSayopazama kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| yaha to kSayopazama kA sAmAnya yogyatA kA vivecana kiyaa| aba yaha batalAte haiM ki kina kina karmo ke kSayopazama se kauna kauna se bhAva prakaTa hote haiN| matijJAnAvaraNa, zratajJAnAvaraNa, avadhijJAnAvaraNa aura manaH paryaya jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se mati, zruta, avadhi aura ganaHparpaya ye cAra kSAyopazamika jJAna prakaTa hote haiN| bhati ajJAnAvaraNa, zruta ajJAnAvaraNa aura vibhaMga jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se matyajJAla, zratAjJAna aura vibhaMgajJAna prakaTa hote haiN| cakSurdarzanAvaraNa, acakSudarzanAvaraNa aura avadhidarzanAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se cakSurdarzana, acakSurdarzana aura avadhidarzana prakaTa hote haiN| pA~ca prakAra ke antarAya ke kSayopazama se pA~ca labdhiyA~ prakaTa hotI haiN| samyaktva prakRti ke udaya se kSAyopazabhika samyagdarzana prakaTa hotA hai| anantAnubandhI zrAdi bAraha prakAra kI kaSAya ke udayAbhAvIkSaya aura savasthArUpa upazama se tathA cAra saMjvalana meM se kisI eka ke aura nau nokapAya ke yathA sambhava udaya hone para kSAyopazamika sarvaviratirUpa cAritra prakaTa hotA hai| tathA anantAnubandhI Adi ATha prakAra kI kapAya ke udayAbhAvI kSaya aura sadavasthArUpa upazama se tathA pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa aura saMjvalana kaSAya ke aura nau nokaSAya ke yathA sambhava udaya hone para kSAyopazamika saMyamAsaMyama bhAva prakaTa hotA hai / isa prakAra ye aThAraha prakAra ke hI kSAyopazamika bhAva haiN| zaMkA-saMjJitva, sampagmithyAtva aura yoga bhI kSAyopazamika bhAva haiM unakA yahA~ prahaNa kyoM nahIM kiyA ! samAdhAna-saMjJIpanA jJAna kI avasthA vizeSa hai, isa liye use alaga se grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| samyagmithyAtva samyaksva kA eka
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________________ ke meda 2 tattvArthasUtra [2.1.-7. bheda hai, isaliye samyaktva ke grahaNa karane se hI samyagmithyAtvakA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| yoga kA sambandha vIryalabdhi se hai isa liye use bhI alaga se nahIM khaa| isa prakAra kSAyopazamika bhAva aThAraha hI hote haiM yaha siddha huzrA // 5 // gati nAmakarma ke udaya se naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva ye cAra "gatiyAM hotI haiN| kapAya mohanIya ke udaya se krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kaSAya hote haiN| veda nokapAya ke udaya audayikabhAva se strI, purupa aura napunsaka yo tIna veda hote haiN| mithyAtva mohanIya ke udaya se eka mithyAdarzana hotA hai| jJAnAvaraNa ke udaya se ajJAna bhAva hotA hai| cAritramohanIya ke sarvaghAti spardhakoM ke udaya se eka asaMyata bhAva hotA hai| kisI bhI karma ke udaya se asiddha bhAva hotA hai| kRSNa Adi chahoM lezyAeM kaSAya ke udaya se raMjita yogapravRtti rUpa haiN| isaliye gati Adi ikkIsa bhAva audayika haiN| zaMkA-darzanAvaraNa ke udaya se pradarzana bhAva bhI hotA hai usako alaga se kyoM nahIM ginAyA ? samAdhAna--sUtra meM Ayo hue mithyAdarzana pada se adarzana bhAva kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai isaliye use alaga se nahIM ginaayaa| tathA nidrA aura nidrA-nidrA Adi kA bhI isI meM antarbhAva kara lenA cAhiye, kyoM ki ye bhI adarzana ke bheda haiN| zaMkA-hAsya Adi ke udaya se hAsya Adi audayika bhAva bhI hote haiM, unako to alaga se ginAnA cAhiye thA ? samAdhAna mAnA ki hAsya Adi svatantra audayika bhAva haiM, taba bhI liGga ke grahaNa karane se inakA grahaNa ho jAtA hai, kyoM ki ye bhAva liMga ke sahacArI haiN|
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________________ 2.1.-7.] pA~ca bhAva, unake bheda aura udAharaNa 83 zaMkA-aghAtiyA karmoM ke udaya se bhI jAti Adi audAyika bhAva hote haiM unheM yahAM alaga se kyoM nahIM ginAyA ? samAdhAna-aghAtiyA karmoM ke udaya se hone vAle jitane audayika bhAva haiM una saba kA 'gati' upalakSaNa hai| isake grahaNa karane se una sava kA grahaNa jAna lenA cAhiye, isaliyo aghAtiyA karmo ke udaya se hone vAle jAti Adi anya bhAvoM ko alaga se nahIM ginaayaa| zaMkA-upazAntakaSAya, kSINakaSAya aura sayogakevalI guNasthAna meM lezyA kA vidhAna to kiyA hai para vahAM kaSAya kA udaya nahIM pAyA jAtA, ataH lezyAmAtra ko audAyika kahanA ucita nahIM hai ? samAdhAna-pUrvabhAvaprajJApana naya kI apekSA vahA~ audayikapane kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai, isaliye lezyAmAtra ko audayika mAnane meM koI Apatti nhiiN| ___ isa prakAra mukhyarUpa se audAyika bhAva ikkIsa hI hote haiM yaha siddha huA // 6 // ___pAriNAmika bhAva tIna haiM, jIvatva, bhavyAtva aura abhavyatva / ina ma jIvatva kA artha caitanyA hai yaha zakti AtmA kI svAbhAvika hai, ___ isameM karma ke udayAdi kI apekSA nahIM par3atI isaliyoH pAriNAmika bhAva ke bheda 1 pAriNAmika hai| yahI bAta bhavyatva aura abhavyatva ke viSaya meM jAnanA cAhiyo / jisa AtmA meM ratnatraya ke prakaTa hone kI yogyatA hai vaha bhavya hai aura jisameM isa prakAra kI yogyatA nahIM hai vaha abhavya hai| zaMkA-jIva meM astitva, anyatva nityatva aura pradezavatva Adi bahuta se pAriNAmika bhAva hai jo karma ke udayAdi kI apekSA se nahIM hote, phira unheM yahA~ kyoM nahIM ginAyA ? samAdhAna-yadyapi ye astitva Adika pAriNAmika bhAva haiM parantu ye kevala jIva meM hI nahIM pAye jAte / jova dravya ko chor3a kara
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [2.1.-7. anyA dravyoM meM bhI ye pAye jAte hai aura yahA~ prakaraNa jIva ke chAsAghAraNa bhAva dikhalAne kA hai isaliye inheM alaga se nahIM ginaayaa| isa prakAra pAriNAmika bhAva tIna haiM yaha nizcita hotA hai| zaMkA-Agama meM sAnnipAtika bhAva bhI batalAye haiM, imaliye unakA yahAM saMgraha kyoM nahIM kiyA ? samAdhAna-sAnnipAtika bhAva svataMtra nahIM haiM ve pUrvokta pA~ca' bhAvoM ke saMyoga se niSpanna kiye jAte haiM, isaliye unheM alaga se nahIM ginaayaa| isa prakAra mUlabhAva pA~ca aura unake kutta trepana bheda haiM yaha siddha hotA hai / / 7 // jIva kA lakSaNa upayogo lakSaNam // 8 // upayoga yaha jIva kA lakSaNa hai| jo vivakSita vastu ko anya vastuoM se judA kare use tAkSaNa kahate haiN| isake AtmabhUta aura anAtmabhata aise do bheda haiN| agni kI uSNatA yaha AtmabhUta lakSaNa hai aura daNDI puruSa kA lakSaNa daNDa yaha anAtmabhUta lakSaNa hai| prakRta meM anya dravyoM se jIva dravya kA vizleSaNa karanA hai| yaha dekhanA hai ki vaha kauna sI vizeSatA hai jisase jIva svataMtra dravya mAnA jAtA hai| prastuta sUtra meM yahI bAta batalAI gaI hai| upayoga jIva kA AtmabhUta lakSaNa hai| yaha jIva ko chor3a kara anya dravyoM meM nahIM pAyA jaataa| yadyapi jIva meM arasa, arUpa, agandha, samyaktva Adi aura bhI aneka dharma haiM para eka to unameM se bahuta se dharma asAdhAraNa nahIM haiM jaise arasa, arUpa aura agandha Adi / ye jIva ke sivA dharma Adi anya dravyoM meM bhI pAye jAte haiN| dUsare jo samyaktva Adi AtmA ke asAdhAraNa dharma haiM ve
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________________ bara 2.8.] jIva kA lakSaNa AtmA kI pahacAna meM liMga nahIM ho sakate, isaliye yahA~ mukhyatA se upayoga ko jIva kA lakSaNa kahA hai| jar3a cetana kA vibhAga mukhyatayA upayoga ke Upara avalambita hai| jisameM upayoga pAyA jAtA hai, vaha cetana hai aura jisameM yaha nahIM pAyA jAtA vaha acetana hai-jar3a hai| isaliye yahA~ upayoga ko jIva kA lakSaNa batalAyA hai| zaMkA-upayoga kyA vastu hai ? samAdhAna-jJAna darzanarUpa vyApAra hI upayoga hai| zaMkA---yaha AtmA meM hI pAyA jAtA hai, acetana meM nahIM so kyoM ? samAdhAna--upayoga kA kAraNa cetanA zakti hai vaha jisameM hai usI meM upayoga pAyA jAtA hai, anya meM nhiiN| __ zaMkA-sAMkhya darzana meM jJAna ko cetanArUpa na mAna kara prakRti kA dharma mAnA hai, isaliye jisameM cetanA zakti hai usI meM upayoga hai yaha kahanA nahIM banatA ? ' ____ samAdhAna--yadi jJAna prakRti kA pariNAma hotA to prakRti ke saba bheda prabhedoM meM vaha pAyA jAnA cAhiye thA, para aisA nahIM hai isase jJAta hotA hai ki upayoga kA anvaya cetanA ke sAtha hai prakRti ke sAtha nhiiN| zaMkA ---cArvAka ne AtmA ko bhUta catuSTaya kA pariNAma mAnA hai usakA kahanA hai ki jaise kodrava Adi dravya ko sar3Ane para usameM mAdaka zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai vaise bhUta catuSTaya ke samucita mizraNa se caitanya zakti kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai, ataH AtmA ko svatantra dravyA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai ? samAdhAna-pratyeka kArya apane anukUla kAraNa se hI paidA hotA hai| yataH bhUtacatuSTaya meM cetanA zakti nahIM pAI jAtI ataH usase caitanya kA prAdurbhAva mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| aba rahI mAdaka zakti
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________________ 86 tattvArtha sUtra [ 2.8. kI bAta so dhattUrA, gAMjA Adi meM to vaha spaSTa hI pratIta hotI hai / isI prakAra zeSa jar3a padArthoM meM bhI vaha kamI adhika pramANa meM pAI jAtI hai : caitanya kI utpatti ke liye ise dRSTAnta rUpa meM upasthita karanA ucita nahIM hai / zaMkA - AtmA meM aura guNoM ke rahate hue upayoga ko hI lakSaNa kyoM kahA ? samAdhAna - yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki AtmA anaMta guNa--paryAyoM kA piNDa hai para una saba meM upayoga mukhya hai, kyoM ki isake dvArA jIva kI pahacAna kI jA sakatI hai, isaliye upayoga ko hI jIva kA lakSaNa kahA hai| zaMkA-svarUpa aura lakSaNa meM kyA antara hai ? samAdhAna - pratyeka padArtha meM jitane guNa aura unakI paryAyeM pAI jAtI haiM ve saba mila kara usakA svarUpa hai aura jisase usa padArtha kI pahacAna kI jAtI hai vaha lakSaNa hai, yahI ina donoM meM antara hai / zaMkA- pahale jo jIva ke svatattva kaha Aye haiM unheM yadi jIva kA lakSaNa mAna liyA jAtA to alaga se lakSaNa ke likhane kI AvazyakatA na rahatI ? samAdhAna - pahale jo svatattva batalAye haiM unameM se aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aura audayika ye cAra bhAva to naimittika haiM / pazamika aura kSAyika bhAva to jIva meM tabhI utpanna hote haiM jaba ina bhAvoM ke virodhI karmoM kA upazama aura kSaya hotA hai / yataH ye bhAva sadA nahIM pAye jAte ataH inheM jIva kA lakSaNa nahIM kahA / yahI bAta kSAyopazamika aura audayika bhAvoM ke sambandha meM bhI sama nA cAhiye / ye bhAva bhI sadA jIva ke nahIM pAye jAte / aba rahA pAriNAmika bhAva se usake tIna bheda haiM jIvatva, bhavyatva aura abha vyatva / so inameM se yadyapi bhavyatva aura abhavyatva animittaka bhAva
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________________ 2.9.] upayoga ke bheda haiM to bhI lakSaNa aisA bhAva ho sakatA hai jisase pahicAna kI jA ske| ye bhAva aise nahIM jinake nimitta se jIva kI pahicAna kI jA ske| aba rahA jIvatva bhAva so yaha caitanya kA paryAyavAcI hai aura cetanA ke jJAna aura darzana ye do bheda haiN| yahI sababa hai ki yahA~ upayoga ko jIva kA lakSaNa kahA hai // 8 // upayoga ke bheda sa dvividhossttcturbhedH| 9 / vaha upayoga do prakAra kA hai tathA ATha prakAra kA aura cAra prakAra kA hai| pratyeka AtmA kA svabhAva jJAna aura darzana hai jo saba AtmAoM meM zakti kI apekSA samAnarUpa se pAyA jAtA hai / tathApi upayoga saba AtmAoM meM ekasA nahIM hotaa| jise bAhya aura Abhyantara jaisI sAmagrI milatI hai usake anusAra yaha hotA hai| isa prakAra saba AtmAoM meM nyUnAdhika rUpa se sambhava isa upayoga ke saMkSepa meM kula kitane bheda ho sakate haiM yaha bAta isa sUtra meM batalAI hai upayoga ke mukhya bheda do haiM-jJAnopayoga aura drshnopyog| ghaTa paTa Adi bAhya padArtho kA jAnanA jJAna hai aura bAhya padArtha ko grahaNa upayoga ke do bheda karane ke liye AtmA kA svapratyayarUpa prayatna kA honA 6 darzana hai / eka aisI mAnyatA hai ki sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArtha ke sAmAnya aMza ko grahaNa karanevAlA darzana hai aura vizeSa aMza ko grahaNa karanevAlA jJAna hai kintu vicAra karane para yaha mAnyatA samIcIna nahIM pratIta hotI, kyoMki padArtha ke sAmAnya aura vizeSa ye donoM avibhakta aMza hai unameM se eka kAla meM eka kA svatantrarUpa se grahaNa nahIM ho sktaa| hama jo unameM pArthakya kalpita karate haiM vaha tarkadvArA hI aisA karate haiN| vastu kA grahaNa hote samaya to ubhayarUpa hI vastu kA grahaNa hotA hai isaliye jJAna aura darzana ke
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________________ tattvAthenUtra [2.9. viSaya meM yaha mAnanA yukta nahIM ki jo vizeSako grahaNa kare vaha jJAna hai aura jo sAmAnyako grahaNa kare vaha darzana hai| kintu yaha mAnanA hI yukta hai ki bAhya padArtha ko grahaNa karanA jJAnopayoga kA kArya hai aura usake liye AtmA kA svapratyayarUpa prayatna kA honA darzanopayoga kA kArya hai| Agama meM jJAnopayogako sAkAropayoga aura darzanopayoga ko anAkAropayoga bhI kahA hai| so yahA~ para AkAra kA artha upayoga se pRthakabhUta karma lenA cAhiye / Azaya yaha hai ki jisa anya prakAra se N upayoga kA vipaya usase bhinna padArtha hotA hai vaha - sAkAropayoga hai aura jisa upayoga kA vipanna usase bhinna padArtha nahIM pAyA jAtA hai vaha anAkAropayoga hai| darzanopayoga meM 'yaha ghaTa hai paTa nahIM sa prakAra bAhya padArthagata vyatireka pratyaya bhI nahIM hotA aura 'yaha bhI ghaTa hai yaha bhI ghaTa hai' isa prakAra bAhya padArthagata anvaya pratyaya bhI nahIM hotA, isaliye vaha bAhya padArtha ko nahIM grahaNa karatA yahI nizcita hotA hai| . ___ jJAnopayoga ke ATha bheda haiM-matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaH paryayajJAna, kevalajJAna, matiajJAna, zrutaajJAna aura vibhaGgajJAna / yahA~ para jJAna aura ajJAna kA antara samyaktva ke jJAnopayoga ke . aATha bheda __ sadbhAva aura asadbhAva kRta hai| samyakatva ke sadbhAva meM __ saba jJAna samyagjJAna kahe jAte haiM aura sambakatva ke abhAva meM hI jJAna ajJAna yA mithyAjJAna kahe jAte haiN| zaMkA-yadi aisA hai to phira manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna ke pratipakSI ajJAnoM ko kyoM nahIM ginAyA ? samAdhAna-ina donoM jJAnoM ke pratipakSI ajJAna nahIM hote, kyoMki ye samyaktva ke abhAva meM hote hI nhiiN| manaHparyayajJAna chaThe guNasthAna se aura kevalajJAna terahaveM guNasthAna se hotA hai|
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________________ 2.10..] jIvoM ke bheda 89 darzanopayoga ke cAra bheda haiM-cakSurdarzana, acakSurdarzana avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana / cakSu indriya se jo darzana hotA hai vaha cakSurdarzana hai| cakSu ke sivA anya indriya aura manase jo darzana darzanopayoga ke cAra bheda * hotA hai vaha acakSudarzana hai| avadhijJAna ke pahale - jo darzana hotA hai vaha avaghidarzana hai aura kevalajJAna ke sAtha jo darzana hotA hai vaha kevaladarzana hai| zaMkA-avadhidarzana ke samAna manaHparyayadarzana kyoM nahIM kahA ? samAdhAna-manaHparyayajJAna ke pahale acakSu darzana hotA hai isaliye manaHparyayadarzana nahIM khaa| zaMkA-vibhaMgajJAna ke pahale kauna sA darzana hotA hai ? samAdhAna-vibhaMgajJAna ke pahale avadhidarzana hotA hai| zaMkA-to phira avadhidarzana ko cauthe guNasthAna se kyoM batalAyA hai ? samAdhAna-vaha kathana avadhijJAna kI pradhAnatA se kiyA hai| zaMkA-ukta bAraha prakAra ke upayogoM meM se kitane upayoga pUrNa haiM aura kitane apUrNa ? ___samAdhAna-kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ye do upayoga pUrNa haiM aura zeSa upayoga apuurnn| zaMkA-jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa ke nAza ho jAne para svatantra do upayoga mAnane kA kyA kAraNa hai ? ___ samAdhAna-jJAna aura darzana ye AtmA ke svatantra do dharma haiM aura inake kArya bhI alaga alaga haiM, isaliye AvaraNa karma ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI svatantra rUpa se do upayoga mAne haiM // 9 // jIvoM ke bheda saMsAriNo muktAzca // 10 // jIva do prakAra ke haiM--saMsArI aura mukta /
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________________ tatvArthasUtra [2.11.-14 ___ Agama meM jIvoM kI saMkhyA ananta batalAI hai| ve saba jIva mukhya rUpa se do vibhAgoM meM baTe hue haiM-saMsArI aura mukt| jinake saMsAra pAyA jAtA hai ve saMsArI haiM aura jo saMsAra se rahita haiM ve mukta haiN| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva ke bheda se saMsAra pAMca prakAra kA hai| saMsArI jIva paravaza ho nirantara isa pAMca prakAra ke saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahe haiN| samyagdarzana hone ke pUrva taka inakA yaha krama cAlU rahatA hai, isI se prathama prakAra ke jIva saMsArI kahalAte haiN| kintu dUsare prakAra ke jIvoM kA yaha saMsAra sarvathA chUTa jAtA hai isaliye unheM mukta kahate haiN| isa prakAra jIvoM ke mukhyataH saMsArI aura mukta ye do hI bheda haiM yaha siddha hotA hai / / 10 // saMsArI jIvoM ke bheda-prabhedasamanaskAmanaskAH / / 11 / / saMsAriNastrasasthAvarAH // 12 // pRthivyaptejovAyuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH OM // 13 // dvIndriyAdayastrasAH // 14 // mana vAle aura mana rahita ye saMsArI jIva haiN| tathA ve saMsArI jIva trasa aura sthAvara haiN| pRthivIkAyika, jalakAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika aura vanaspatikAyika ye pAMca sthAvara haiN| dvIndriya Adi trasa haiN| yahAM saMsArI jIvoM ke do prakAra se vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| pahalA vibhAga mana ke sadbhAva aura asadbhAva kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai * zvetAmbara mAnya sUtra 'pRthivyambuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH' aisA hai| * zvetAmbara mAnya sUtra 'tejovAyU dvIndriyAdayazca trasA: aisA hai|
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________________ 2.11.-14.] saMsArI jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda aura dUsarA vibhAga trasatva aura sthAvaratva kI apekSA se kiyA Azaya yaha hai ki jitane bhI saMsArI jIva haiM ve manavAle aura manarahita ina do vibhAgoM meM tathA trasa aura sthAvara ina do bhAgoM meM baTe hue haiN| zaMkA-mana kyA vastu hai ? samAdhAna-jisase vicAra kiyA jA sake vaha mana hai| yaha vIryAntarAya aura noindriyAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se hotA hai| yaha eka prakAra kI AtmA kI vizuddhi hai isaliye ise bhAvamana kahate haiN| tathA isase vicAra karane meM sahAyaka honevAle sUkSma pudgala paramANu bhI mana kahalAte haiN| yaha mana AMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se hotA hai| yataH yaha dravyarUpa hai isaliye ise dravyamana kahate haiN| zaMkA-kyA amanaska jIvoM ke kisI prakAra kA mana hotA hai ? samAdhAna-amanaska jIvoM ke kisI prakAra kA bhI mana nahIM hotaa| zaMkA-yadi aisA hai to amanaska jIva iSTa viSaya meM pravRtti aura aniSTa viSaya se nivRtti kaise karate haiM ? samAdhAna-kyA iSTa hai aura kyA aniSTa isakA vicAra karanA mana kA kArya bhale hI rahA Ao para iSTa meM pravRtti aura aniSTa se nivRtti yaha kevala mana kA kArya nahIM hai| yahI sababa hai ki mana ke nahIM rahate hue bhI amanaska jIva usa usa indriya ke sambandha se iSTa viSaya meM pravRtti aura aniSTa viSaya se nivRtti kara lete haiN| jo viSaya jisa . indriya ko asahya hotA hai usase bacanA yaha usa usa indriya kA kAma hai| zaMkA-vasa aura sthAvara ina bhedoM kA kAraNa kyA hai ? samAdhAna-trasa nAmakarma aura sthAvara nAmakarma ina bhedoM kA
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________________ tatvArthasUna [2.11.-14. kAraNa hai| Azaya yaha ki trasa nAmakarma ke udaya se jIva trasa kahalAte haiM aura sthAvara nAmakarma ke udaya se sthAvara kahalAte haiM / zaMkA--jo hala Dula sakeM ve trasa haiM aura jo isa prakAra kI kriyA se rahita haiM ve sthAvara haiM, yadi trasa aura syAvara kA yaha prArtha kiyA jAya to kyA Apatti hai ? samAdhAna-~yadi basa aura sthAvara kA ukta artha kiyA jAve to jonala garma meM hai mUcchita haiM, suputa haiM, vehoza haiM aura aNDa avasthA meM haiM jo ki hala Dula nahIM sakate unheM atrasatva kA prasaMga prApta hogA aura jo vAyu yAdi gamanazIla haiM unheM asthAvaratva kA prasaMga prApta hogaa| kintu aisA mAnane para Agama se virodha AtA hai ataH jinake trasa nAmakarma kA udaya hai ve trasa haiM aura jinake sthAvara nAmakarma kA udaya hai ve sthAvara haiM, basa aura sthAvara kA yahI artha mAnanA saMgata hai| zaMkA-dasameM sUtra meM saba jIvoM ke saMsArI aura mukta the do bheda kiye haiM aura gyArahaveM sUtra meM sananaska amanaska ye do bheda ginAye haiM, ataH saba saMsArI jIva samanaska aura mukta jIva amanaska hote haiM gtArahaveM sUtra kA yaha artha karane meM kyA Apatti hai ? samAdhAna-gyArahaveM sUtra kA ukta artha yukta nahIM kyoM ki samanaska aura amanaska ye bheda saMsArI jIvoM ke hI haiM / mukta jIva to ina donoM vikalpoM se rahita haiN| __ zaMkA-gyArahaveM sUtrameM saMsArI jIvoM ke bheda ginAye haiM yaha kaise jAnA ? samAdhAnabArahaveM sUtra meM jo 'saMsAriNA' pada par3A hai vaha madhya dIpaka hai jisase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki samanaska aura amanaska ye saMsArI jIvoM ke bheda haiM tathA trasa aura sthAvara ye bhI saMsArI jIvoM ke bheda haiN| zaMkA-yadi aisA hai to gyArahaveM aura bArahaveM sUtra meM krama se
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________________ .2.15.-16.] indriyoM kI saMkhyA, bheda-prabheda, nAma nirdeza, viSaya 93 sambandha kara lenA caahiye| jisase yaha artha nikala ASagA ki sabhI basa samanaska hote haiM aura sabhI sthAvara amanaska ? samAdhAna-aisA sambandha karanA bhI yukta nahIM, kyoM ki sabhI trasa sahanazka na hokara kucha hI trasa samanaska hote haiM aura zeSa amanaska hote haiM / svAvaroM meM to sazake saba amanaska hI hote haiN| isaliye ina sUtroM meM saMsAriyoM ke svataMtra rUpa se bheda ginAye haiM aisA samajhanA cAhiye // 11-12 // terahaveM aura caudahaveM sUtra meM kramase sthAvara aura trasa ke bheda ginAye haiN| sthAvara ke pA~ca bhedoM kA nAma nirdeza to sUtra meM hI kara diyA hai / inake eka sparzana indriya hI pAI jAtI hai isa liye ye ekendriya bhI kahalAte haiM / trAta ke mukhya bheda cAra haiM dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya / jinake sparzana aura rasanA ye do indriyA~ haiM ve dvIndriya haiN| jinake ina do ke sAtha ghrANa indriya hai ve jIndriya haiN| jinake ina tIna ke sAtha cakSu indriya hai ve caturindriya haiM aura jinake ina cAra ke sAtha zrotra indriya hai ve paMcendriya haiN| sthAvara jIva pA~ca prakAra ke haiM-pRthivI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati / yoM to pRthivI Adi pA~coM sajIva aura nirjIva donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| para yahA~ jIvakA prakaraNa hone se sajIva pRthivI Adi kA hI grahaNa kiyA hai| jo jIva vigraha gati meM sthita haiM kintu jinheM pRthivI AdirUpa zarIra kI prApti nahIM huI hai unakA bhI yahA~ saMgraha kara liyA gayA hai, kyoM ki pRthivI Adi nAma karma kA udaya unake bhI pAyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra sa jIvoM ke sambandha meM bhI jAnanA cAhiye // 13-14 // indriyoM kI saMkhyA, bheda-prabheda, nAma nirdeza aura viSayapaJcendriyANi // 15 // dvividhAni // 16 //
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [2. 17.-21. nivRttyupakaraNe dravyendriyam // 17 // labdhyupayogau bhAvandriyam // 18 // sparzanarasanaghrANacakSuHzrotrANi // 19 // sparzarasagandhavarNazabdAstadarthAH * // 20 // zrutamanindriyasya // 21 // indriyA pAMca haiN| ve pratyeka do do prakAra kI haiN| nivRtti aura upakaraNa ye dravyendriya haiM / labdhi aura upayoga ye bhAvendriya haiN| sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrona ye indriyoM ke nAma haiN| sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa aura zabda the krama se unake viSaya haiN| zruta anindriya arthAt mana kA viSaya hai| pahale 14 ve sUtra meM 'dvIndriyAdayaH' yaha pada likha Aye haiM isase indriyoM kI saMkhyA batalAnA Avazyaka samajhakara unakI saMkhyA kA nirdeza kiyA hai ki indriyA~ pA~ca hai| zaMkA-indriya kise kahate haiM ? samAdhAna-jisase jJAna aura darzana kA lAbha ho sake yA jisase AtmA ke astitva kI sUcanA mile use indriya kahate haiN| zaMkA-indriyA~ pA~ca hI haiM yaha bAta nahIM hai, kyoMki pA~ca karmendriyoM ke sammilita kara dene para indriyoM kI saMkhyA dasa ho jAtI hai ? samAdhAna -mAnA ki sAMkhya Adi matoM meM vAka, pANi, pAda, (+) zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa sUtra ke pUrva 'upayogaH sparzAdiSu' sUtra adhika hai| (*) 'tadarthAH' ke sthAna meM zvetAmbara pATha 'teSAmarthAH' hai|
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________________ 2.17 -21.] indriyoM kI saMkhyA, bheda prabheda, nAma nirdeza, viSaya 95 pAyu-gudA aura upastha liGga arthAt jananendriya ko bhI indriya batalAyA hai parantu ve karmendriyAM haiN| aura yahAM upayoga kA adhikAra hone se kevala jJAnendriyoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai jo pA~ca se adhika nahIM haiM, isaliye sUtra meM indriyAM pAMca haiM yaha kahA hai| zaMkA-jJAnendriya aura karmendriya kA abhiprAya kyA hai ? samAdhAna-jinase jJAna hotA hai ve jJAnendriya haiM aura jo bolanA, calanA, uThAnA, dharanA, nIhAra karanA Adi karmoM kI sAdhana haiM ve karmendriya haiM // 15 // ukta pAMcoM indriyoM ke dravya aura bhAvarUpa se do do bheda haiN| indriyAkAra pudgala aura Atma pradezoM kI racanA dravyendriya hai aura kSayopazama vizeSa se honevAlA AtmA kA jJAna darzana rUpa pariNAma bhAvendriya hai / / 16 // dravyendriya ke do bheda haiM-nivRtti aura upakaraNa / nirvRtti kA artha racanA hai| isaliye nivRtti dravyendriya kA artha huA indriyAkAra racanA / yaha bAhya aura Abhyantara ke bheda se do prakAra kI hai| bAhya nivRtti se indriyAkAra pudgala racanA lI gaI hai aura Abhyantara nivRtti se indriyAkAra Atmapradeza liye gaye haiN| yadyapi pratiniyata indriya sambandhI jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama sarvAMga hotA hai tathApi AMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se jahAM pudgala pracayarUpa jisa dravyendriya kI racanA hotI hai vahIM ke AtmapradezoM meM usa usa indriya ke kArya karane kI kSamatA hotI hai| upakaraNa kA artha hai upakAra kA prayojaka sAdhana / yaha bhI bAhya aura Abhyantara ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai ! netra indriya meM kRSNa aura zukla maNDala Abhyantara upakaraNa hai aura akSipatra Adi bAhya upakaraNa hai| isI prakAra zeSa indriyoM meM bhI jAnanA cAhiye / / 17 // bhAvendriya ke do bheda haiM-labdhi aura upyog| matijJAnAvaraNa
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________________ 96 tattvArthasUtra [ 2.17. -21. tathA cakSudarzanAvaraNa aura acakSu darzanAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hokara jo AtmA meM jJAna aura darzana rUpa zakti utpanna hotI hai vaha labdhi indriya hai / yaha AtmA ke saba pradezoM meM pAI jAtI hai, kyoM ki kSayopazama sarvAMga hotA hai / tathA labdhi, nivRtti aura upakaraNa ina tInoM ke hone para jo viSayoM meM pravRtti hotI hai vaha upayogendriya hai / zaMkA-upayoga indriya na hokara indriya kA phala hai phira use indriya kaise kahA ? samAdhAna - yadyapi upayoga indriya kA kArya hai para yahAM upacAra arthAt kArya meM kAraNa kA Aropa karake upayoga ko bhI indriya kahA hai / athavA indriya kA mukhya artha upayoga hai, isaliye upayoga ko indriya kahA hai / zaMkA- dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya kisa krama se utpanna hotI haiM ? samAdhAna - jisa jIva ke jisa jAti nAmakarma kA udaya hotA hai| usake usI ke anusAra indriyAvaraNa kA kSayopazama aura AMgopAMga nAmakarma kA udaya hokara utanI dravyendriyAM aura bhAvendriyAM utpanna hotI haiM / usameM bhI labdhirUpa bhAvendriya bhava ke prathama samaya se utpanna ho jAtI hai. aura dravyendriya kI racanA zarIra grahaNa ke prathama samaya se prArambha hotI hai | tathA jaba dravyendriya pUrNa ho jAtI hai taba upayoga bhAvendriya hotI ha / isa prakAra yaha dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya kI utpatti kA krama hai // 18 // pAMcoM indriyoM ke nAma kramazaH sparzanendriya- tvacA, rasanendriyajihvA, ghANendriya - nAsikA, cakSurindriya-- netra aura zrotrendriya - kAna haiN| ina pAMcoM indriyoM ke nivRtti, upakaraNa, labdhi aura upayoga rUpa cAra cAra bheda haiN| inameM se prArambha ke do dravyendriya rUpa haiM aura anta ke do bhAvendriya rUpa | zaMkA-kyA yaha sambhava hai ki kisI jIva ke usa jAti kI dravye - ndriya to utpanna ho para usI jAti kI bhAvendriya utpanna na ho ?
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________________ 2.17 -21.] indriyoM kI saMkhyA, bheda-prabheda, nAma nirdeza, viSaya 97 samAdhAna nhiiN| zaMkA-kyoM ? samAdhAna-kyoM ki dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya ko utpatti jAti ' nAmakarma ke udayAnusAra hotI hai| yataH jo jIva jisa jAti meM utpanna hotA hai usake usa jAti ke anukUla indriyAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hotA hai aura usI jAti ke AMgopAMga kA udaya hotA hai, isaliye pratyeka saMsArI jIva ke dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya eka samAna pAI jAtI haiN| zaMkA-jo janma se andhe bahire hote haiM unake cakSu yA zrotra dravyendriya to pAI nahIM jAtI, to kyA unake usa jAti kI bhAvendriya bhI nahIM hotii| _ samAdhAna-yaha bAta nahIM hai ki jo janma se andhe yA bahire hote haiM unake cakSu yA zrotra dravyendriya nahIM hotii| hotI to avazya hai para kisI nimitta se bigar3a jAtI haiN| itane mAtra se unake usa jAti kI bhAvendriya kA abhAva nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| zaMkA-vedavaiSamya ke samAna indriya vaiSamya kyoM nahIM pAyA jAtA? samAdhAna-eka vedavAle jIva ke eka sAtha aneka dravya vedoM kI prApti sambhava hone se vedavaiSamya hotA hai, yaha bAta indriyoM ke viSaya meM lAgU nahIM hai ataH indriyavaiSabhya sambhava nhiiN| zaMkA--eka vedavAle jIva ke eka sAtha aneka dravya vedoM kI prApti kyoM sambhava hai ? ___ samAdhAna-karmabhUmi meM zarIra ke upAdAna niyamita nhiiN| yahA~ jisa garbha meM pahale dravyapuruSakA upAdAna rahA vahA~ dUsarI bAra dravyastrI yA dravyanapuMsaka kA upAdAna A milatA hai| kisI garbha se eka bAlaka paidA hotA hai aura kisI garbha se do yA do se adhika bAlaka yA bAlakAe~ yA bAlaka bAlakAe~ mila kara paidA hote haiM isa liye yahA~
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [2.17.-21. bhAvaveda ke anusAra dravyaveda kI prApti kA niyama nahIM bntaa| jaise dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya kA niyamana karanevAlA jAti nAmakarma hai jaise yahA~ aisA koI karma nahIM jo dravyaveda aura bhAvaveda kA niyamana kre| jisa prakAra eka eka jAti se eka eka indriya baMdhI huI hai usI prakAra eka eka jAti se eka eka veda bhI ba~dhA hotA to nizcita thA ki vedavaiSamya na hotA / eka hI manuSya jAti ke rahate hue jaise pA~coM indriyoM kI prAptikA niyama hai vahA~ koI vikalpa nahIM usI prakAra yadi veda kA niyama hotA vikalpa na hotA to vedasAmya hI hotaa| yataH jAti eka hai aura veda koI bhI prApta ho sakatA hai usameM bhI dravyaveda aura bhAvaveda kA niyAmaka koI karma nahIM, isaliye vedavaiSamya bana jAtA hai / jo avasthA zarIra kI hai vahI avasthA dravyaveda kI jAnanA caahiye| manuSya strIvedI ho, puruSavedI yA napuMsakavedI usake chaha saMsthAnoM meM se kisI eka saMsthAna kA aura chaha saMhananoM meM se kisI eka saMhanana kA udaya hotA hai| veda isameM bAdhaka nhiiN| yahI bAta dravyaveda kI hai| manuSya strIvedI ho, puruSavedI ho yA napuMsakavedI usake manuSya jAtIya kisI bhI AMgopAMga kA udaya ho sakatA hai veda isameM bAdhaka nhiiN| isa prakAra eka vedavAle jIva ke aneka dravya vedoM kI prApti sambhava hone se vedavaiSamya hotA hai| zaMkA-yaha vedavaiSamya kisa kisa gati meM prApta hotA hai ? samAdhAna-manuSyagati aura tiryaMcagati meN| zaMkA-kyA manuSyagati aura tiyacagati meM sabake isakI prApti sambhava hai? smaadhaan-nhiiN| zaMkA-to kina manuSya aura tiryaMcoM ke isakI prApti sambhava hai ? samAdhAna- karmabhUmi ke garbhaja manuSya aura tiryaMcoM ke, kyoMki vedavaiSamya ke jo kAraNa batalAye haiM ve saba inhIM ke pAye jAte haiN|
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________________ 2.17 -21.] indriyoM kI saMkhyA, bheda-prabheda, nAma nirdeza, viSaya 99 zaMkA-devagati meM vedavaiSamya kI prApti kyoM sambhava nahIM? samAdhAna-devoM aura deviyoM ke utpatti sthAna alaga-alaga haiM unameM kabhI mizraNa nahIM hotaa| deva apane utpatti sthAnoM meM jAkara utpanna hote haiM aura deviyA~ apane utpatti sthAnoM meM jAkara utpanna hotI haiN| utpatti sthAnoM ke samAna unakI AhAra vargaNAe~ bhI judI judI haiN| arthAt devoM ke utpatti sthAnoM meM unake zarIra ke yogya hI AhAra vargaNAe~ pAI jAtI haiM, aura deviyoM ke utpattisthAnoM meM unake zarIra ke yogya hI AhAra vargaNAe~ pAI jAtI haiN| inake AMgopAMga nAmakarma kA udaya bhI tadanukUla hotA hai| yahI sababa hai ki devagati meM veda vaiSamya nahIM hotaa| zaMkA-devagati meM vedavaiSamya ke kAraNa na hone se vahA~ isakA nahIM mAnanA ThIka hai para bhogabhUmi kI avasthA to devagati se bhinna hai, ataH vahA~ isake mAna lene meM kyA Apatti hai ? samAdhAna-bhogabhUmi ke prAkRtika niyamAnusAra vahA~ pratyeka garbha sthAna meM nara aura mAdA donoM ke zarIra ke alaga-alaga upAdAna eka sAtha saMcita hote haiM, isaliye devagati ke samAna niyamitapanA hone ke kAraNa vahA~ bhI vedavaiSamya kA pAyA jAnA sambhava nahIM hai| zaMkA-sarvatra veda ke anusAra AMgopAMga nAmakarma kA udaya kyoM nahIM hotA ? ___samAdhAna-veda ke udaya ke nimitta anya haiM aura prAMgopAMga ke udaya ke nimitta any| veda kA udaya bhava ke prathama samaya meM hotA hai aura AMgopAMga kA udaya zarIra grahagA ke prathama samaya meM hotA hai| isaliye jahA~ donoM kI anukUlatA sambhava hai vahA~ to vedasAmya bana jAtA hai| kintu jahA~ yaha anukUlatA sambhava nahIM hai vahA~ nahIM banatA / yahI sababa hai ki sarvatra veda ke anusAra AMgopAMga nAmakarma kA udaya nahIM hotaa|
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________________ 100 tattvArthasUtra [2.17.-21. isa prakAra itane vivecana se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki jaise vedavaiSamya prApta hotA hai vaise indriyavaiSamya nahIM prApta hotA // 19 // __ saMsAra meM mUrta aura amUrta donoM prakAra ke padArtha pAye jAte haiN| jinameM, sparza, rasa gandha aura varNa Adidharma pAye jAte haiM ve mUrta haiM aura zeSa amUrta / yaha pahale batalAyA jA cukA hai ki mana ke sivA zeSa kSAyopazamika jJAnoM kA viSaya mUrta padArthahI hai| yataH pA~coM indriyajJAna kSAyopazamika haiM ataH unakA viSaya mUrta padArtha ho hai| sparzana indriyakA viSaya sparza hai, rasanA indriya kA viSaya rasa hai, ghrANa indriya kA viSaya gandha hai, cakSuindriyakA viSaya vaNaM hai aura zrotra indriyakA viSaya zabda hai| isa prakAra yadyapi pA~coM indriyoM ke viSaya pA~ca batalAye haiM tathApi inako sarvathA bhinna nahIM mAnanA cAhiye kintu ye eka hI pudgala dravya kI bhinna bhinna paryAya haiN| udAharaNArtha eka misarI kI DalI hai use pA~goM indriyA~ apane apane viSaya dvArA jAnatI haiN| sparzanendriya chUkara usakA sparza batalAtI hai, rasanendriya cakha kara usakA mIThA rasa batalAtI hai, ghrANendriya sUMgha kara usakA gaMdha batalAtI hai, netrendriya dekha kara usakA sapheda rUpa batalAtI hai aura karNendriya tor3ane para honevAle usake zabda ko batalAtI hai| ye sparzAdika pudgala dravya ke dharma haiM isa liye use vyApta kara rahate haiM, kyoM ki aneka guNoMkA samudAya hI dravya hai isa liye pratyeka guNa dravya meM sarvatra pAyA jAtA hai| jaise khicar3I meM se dAla alaga kI jA sakatI hai aura cAbala alaga vaise eka dravya ke vividha guNoM ko alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| hA~ buddhi dvArA ve pRthaka pRthaka jAne jA sakate haiM avazya / pA~coM indriyA~ yahI kAma karatI haiN| indriyoM kI zakti alaga alaga hone se ve pRthaka pRthak rUpa se jAnatI haiM, isa liye eka indriyakA viSaya dUsarI indriya cAra guNaparyAya haiM aura zabda vyaMjana paryAya /
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________________ 2.17.-21.] indriyoM kI saMkhyA, bheda-prabheda, nAma nirdeza viSaya 101 zaMkA-yadi ye sparzAdika eka sAtha rahate haiM to kisI kisI vastu meM the saba na pAye jAkara eka yA do kyoM pAye jAte haiN| yathA vAyu meM eka sparza hI pAyA jAtA hai| jisa vAyu meM gandha pAI jAtI hai vaha phUla ke saMsarga se pAI jAtI hai| tathA sUrya kI prabhA meM rUpa aura sparza hI pAyA jAtA hai Adi ? ___ samAdhAna-yadyapi pratyeka pudgala meM sparzAdika saba dharma rahate haiM para jo paryAya abhivyakta hotI hai usI ko indriya grahaNa kara sakatI hai| jisameM sparzAdi sabhI dharma abhivyakta rahate haiM usameM una sabakA indriyoM dvArA grahaNa ho jAtA hai aura jisameM eka yA do dharma abhivyakta rahate haiM usameM una eka yA do dharmoM kA hI indriyoM dvArA grahaNa hotA hai zeSa dharma abhivyakta na hone ke kAraNa unakA grahaNa nahIM hotA // 20 // ___ ukta pA~coM indriyoM ke sivA eka anindriya bhI hai jise mana kahate haiN| jisa prakAra pA~coM indriyoM kA viSaya niyamita hai usa prakAra manakA viSaya niyamita nahIM hai| vaha vartamAna ke samAna atIta aura bhaviSya ke viSaya ko bhI jAnatA hai| atIta kI saba yA kucha ghaTanAoMkA jo smaraNa hotA hai vaha mana dvArA hii| isI prakAra bhaviSya kI ghaTanAoM kA jo anumAna karate haiM vaha bhI mana dvArA hii| isa liye manakA viSaya vizAla hai| tathApi manakA kArya vicAra karanA hai| indriyA~ jina padArthoM ko grahaNa karatI haiM mana unakA bhI vicAra karatA hai aura jina padArthoM ko nahIM grahaNa karatI haiM unakA bhI vicAra karatA hai| phira bhI jina padArthoM ko indriyA~ grahaNa nahIM karatIM unameM se vaha unhIM padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai jinako anumAna se jAnA jA sakatA hai yA jinako zruta se jAna liyA hai| isa prakAra mana kA mukhya kArya vicAra karanA hai aura yaha vicAra hI zrata hai| isI se zrata anindriya kA vipaya kahA gayA hai| zaMkA-kyA mana mUrta ke samAna amUrta padArtha ko bhI jAnatA hai ? " . .
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________________ 102 tattvArthasUtra [2.22.-24. samAdhAna-manakA mukhya kArya vicAra karanA hai aura yaha vicAra mUrta tathA amUrta sarakA kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI se manakA viSaya mata aura amUrta donoM prakAra kA padArtha mAnA hai| vastuta indriyoM dvArA jina padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotA unakA mana anumAnajJAna yA AgamajJAna se hI cintavana karatA hai| zaMkA pahale matijJAna ke tIna sau chattIsa bheda ginAye haiM unameM mana sambandhI matijJAna ke bheda bhI sammilita haiN| kintu yahA~ manakA viSaya zruta hI batalAyA gayA hai so yaha bAta kaise bana sakatI hai ? samAdhAna-yadyapi manase matijJAna aura zratajJAna donoM hote haiM tathApi zrata mukhyatayA manakA hI viSaya hai yaha samajha kara 'zrata manakA viSaya hai| aisA kahA hai| jo vicAra indriyajJAna Adi timitta ke binA ikadama utpanna hotA hai aura jaba taka isake nimitta se anya vicAra dhArA cAlU nahIM hotI taba taka vaha matijJAna hai| kintu isa prAthamika vicAra ke bAda vicAroM kI jitanI bhI dhArAe~ pravRtta hotI haiM ve saba zranajJAna haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki pA~ca indriyoM se kevala matijJAna hotA hai aura mana se mati zruta ye donoM jJAna hote haiM / isameM bhI mati kI apekSA zruta kI pradhAnatA hai isaliye yahA~ zruta mana kA viSaya kahA hai // 21 // indriyoM ke svAmIvanaspatyantAnAmekam OM // 22 // kRmipipIlikAbhramaramanuSyAdInAme kaikavRddhAni / // 23 // saMjJinaH samanaskAH // 24 // vanaspati taka ke jIvoM ke eka indriya hai| * zvetAmbara pATha 'vAyvantAnAmekam' aisA hai /
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________________ 2.22.-24.] indriyoM ke svAmI 103 kRmi, pipIlikA, bhramara aura manuSya bagairaha ke eka eka indriya adhika hotI hai| manavAle jIva saMjJI hote haiN| pahale saMsArI jIvoM ke sthAvara va trasa ye do bheda batalA Aye haiN| unameM se kisake kitanI indriyA~ hotI haiM yahA~ yaha batalAyA hai| pahale jo sthAvara ke pRthivIkAyika, jalakAyika agnikAyika, vAyukAyika aura vanampatikAyika ye pA~ca bheda batalAye haiM so ina pA~coM ke to eka sparzana indriya hI hotI hai kyoMki ye pA~coM prakAra ke jIva kevala sparza karake hI jJAna prApta karate haiN| isI se yahA~ vanaspati taka ke jIvoM ke eka sparzana indriya kahI hai| zaMkA-pRthivIkAyika Adi pA~ca sthAvara kAya jIvoM ke eka sparzana indriya hI kyoM hotI hai ? __samAdhAna -pRthivIkAyika Adi jIvoM ke ekendriya jAni nAma karma kA hI udaya hotA hai jisase unake sparzana indriyAvaraNa karma kA hI kSayopazama hotA hai zeSa indriyAvaraNa karma kA nhiiN| isIse unake eka sparzana indriya hotI hai| zaMkA pRthivI Adi meM jIva hai yaha kaise jAnA jAtA hai ? mamAdhAna -pRthivI meM vRddhi hotI hai. jala, agni aura vAyu meM kriyA hotaM' hai, agniko jhaka dene para bujha jAtI hai aura vanaspati meM vRddhi, saMkoca tathA vikoca dekhA jAtA haiN| ye saba bAteM jar3a meM sambhava nahIM, isase jJAta hotA hai ki pRthivI Adi meM jIva hai / / 22 // basoM ke cAra bheda batalAye haiM-dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paJcendriya / yahA~ anukrama se inhIM jIvoM ke prakAra batalAne ke liye kRmi Adi zabda nibaddha kiye haiN| kRmi Adi jAti ke jIvoM ke do indriyA~ hotI haiM eka sparzana aura dUsarI rasana / pipIlikA arthAt cIMTI Adi jAti ke jIvoM ke tIna indriyA~ hotI haiM-pUrvokta do aura
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________________ 104 tatvArthasUtra [2.22.24. prANa ! bhramara Adi jAti ke jIvoM ke cAra indriyA~ hotI haiM- pUrvokta tIna aura cakSu / manuSya Adi ke pA~ca indriyA~ hotI haiM-pUrvokta cAra aura zrotra / yahA~ manuSyoM ke sivA pazu, pakSI, deva aura nArakI lenA cAhiye, kyoM ki ina sabake pA~coM indriyA~ hotI haiN| zaMkA-pahale indriyoMke dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya isa prakAra do bheda kara Aye haiM so yahA~ yaha saMkhyA kisakI apekSA se batalAI hai ? ___samAdhAna-yaha saMkhyA indriya sAmAnya kI apekSA se batalAI hai| usameM bhI bhAvendriya mukhya hai, kyoMki eka to vigrahagati meM bhAvendriyA~ hI pAI jAtI haiM aura dUsare dravyendriyA~ bhAvendriyoM ke anusAra hotI haiN| zaMkA-dravyendriyA~ bhAvendriyoM ke anusAra kyoM hotI haiM ? samAdhana-bhAvendriyA~ jAti nAmakarma ke anusAra hotI haiM aura jo jIva jisa jAti meM janma letA hai usake usI jAti ke zarIra aura AMgopAMga prApta hote haiM, isase nizcita hotA hai ki dravyendriyA~ bhAvendriyoM ke anusAra hotI hai| ___ zaMkA-terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAna meM manuSyoM ke bhAvandriyA~ to nahIM rahatI taba bhI ve vahA~ paMcendriya kahe jAte haiM, isase jJAta hotA hai ki ekendriya aura dvIndriya Adi vyavahAra dravyendriyoM kI apekSA se hotA hai ? ____samAdhAna-vAstava meM ekendriya, dvIndriya Adi vyavahAra ekendriya jAti, dvIndriyajAti Adi nAmakarma ke udaya se hotA hai| terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNa sthAna meM manuSyoM meM jo pazcendriya vyavahAra hotA hai vaha bhI paJcendriya jAti nAmakarma ke udaya kI apekSA se hotA hai| isa liye ekendriya Adi vyavahAra dravyendriyoM kI apekSA se hotA hai yaha bAta nahIM hai / tathApi jAti nAmakarma ke udayakA anvaya mukhyatayA bhAvendriyoM ke sAtha pAyA jAtA hai. isa liye pahale ekandriya Adi vyavahAra ko bhAvendriyoM kI apekSA se likhA hai / / 23 / /
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________________ 105 2.22.-24.] indriyoM ke svAmI ___ pRthivIkAyika se lekara caturindriya taka ke jIvoM ke to saMjJA hotI hI nahIM, paJcendriyoM ke hotI hai para sabake nhiiN| nArakI, manuSya aura deva ye to paJcendriya hI hote haiM tathA saMjJA bhI ina sabake pAI jAtI hai| aba rahe tiryazca so inameM caturindriya taka ke tiyacoM ke to saMjJA hotI hI nahIM / inake sivA jo paJcendriya tiryaJca haiM ve do prakAra ke haiM kucha saMjJAvAle aura kucha saMjJA rahita / isa prakAra paJcendriyoM meM saba nArakI, saba manuSya aura saba deva ye niyama se saMjJAvAle haiM kintu tiryaJcoM meM kucha saMjJAvAle haiM aura kucha saMjJA rahita haiN| zaMkA--kisake saMjJA hai aura kisake nahIM yaha kaise jAnA jAtA hai ? samAdhAna-jinake mana hotA hai unake saMjJA hotI hai aura jinake mana nahIM hotA unake saMjJA bhI nahIM hotii| zaMkA-jo jIva manavAle nahIM haiM AhAra Adi kI saMjJA to unake bhI pAI jAtI hai, isa liye yaha kahanA nahIM banatA ki jinake mana hotA hai unake hI saMjJA hotI hai ? samAdhAna-yahA~ saMjJA se AhAra,bhaya, maithuna aura parigraharUpa vRtti nahIM lI hai yaha to kamI adhika ekendriya Adi saba saMsArI jIvoM ke pAI jAtI hai| kintu yahA~ saMjJA se vaha vicAradhArA lI hai jisase jIva ko hitAhita kA viveka aura guNadoSa ke vicAra kI sphUrti milatI hai| isa prakAra kI saMjJA manavAle jIvoM ke hI pAI jAtI hai isIliye yahA~ saMjJA aura manakA sAhacarya samvandha batalAyA hai| zaMkA-hitakI prApti aura ahita kA tyAga to cIMTI Adi ke bhI dekhA jAtA hai isa liye manavAle jIvoM ko hI saMjJI kahanA nahIM banatA? ___ samAdhAna-hita kI prApti aura ahita kA tyAga kevala manakA kArya nahIM / manakA kArya to vicAra karanA hai jo cIMTI Adi ke nahIM
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [2. 25.-30. pAyA jAtA / yahA~ saMjJA kA yahI artha liyA hai jo manavAle jIvoM ke hI sambhava hai isa liye manavAle jIvoM ko hI saMjJI kahA hai|| 24 // antarAla gatisambandhI vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye yoga Adi vizeSa bAtoM kA varNana vigrahagatau karmayogaH // 25 // anuzreNi gatiH / / 26 // avigrahA jIvasyA // 27 // vigrahavatI ca saMsAriNaH prAk caturvyaH / / 28 // ekasamayA'vigrahA // 29 // ekaM dvau trInvA'nAhArakaH // 30 // vigrahagati meM kArmaNa kAyayoga hotA hai / gati AkAza ko zreNi ke anusAra hotI hai| mukta jIvakI gati vigraharahita hotI hai| saMmArI jIvakI gati vigrahavAlI aura vigraharahita hotI hai| usameM vigrahavAlI gati cAra samaya se pahale arthAt tIna samaya taka hotI hai| eka samayavAlI gati vigraharahita hotI hai| eka, do yA tIna samaya taka jIva anAhAraka hotA hai| saMsAra jIva aura pudgala ke mela se banA hai| prati samaya jIva navIna paramANuoM kA grahaNa karatA hai aura jIrNa paramANuoM ko chor3atA rahatA hai| yaha paramANuoM ko grahaNa karane ko kriyA "kama yoga ke nimitta se hotI hai jisase jAva halana calanarUpa kriyA karane meM samartha hotA hai| yoga ke tIna bheda haiM--manoyoga, +zvetAmbara pATha 'eka samayo'vigrahaH' hai| zvetAmbara pATha 'eka dvau vA'nAhArakaH' hai / yoga kA
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________________ 2.25.-38.] antarAla gatisambandhI vizeSa jAnakArI 107 vacanayoga aura kaayyog| inameM se manoyoga aura vacanayoga krama se manaH paryApti aura vacanaparyApti ke pUrNa hone para hI hote haiN| kAyayoga ke sAta bheda haiM - audArika kAyayoga, audArika mizra kAyayoga, vaikriyika kAyayoga, vaikriyikamizra kAyayoga, AhAraka kAyayoga, AhAraka mizrakAyayoga aura kaarmnnkaayyog| inameM se audArika kAyayoga,vaikriyika kAyayoga aura AhAraka kAyayoga ye tIna yoga bhI paryApta avasthA meM hI sambhava haiN| audArika mizrakAyayoga vaikriyika mizrakAyayoga aura AhAraka mizrakAyayoga ye tInoM apane apane zarIra grahaNa ke pahale samaya se lekara jaba taka jIva aparyApta rahatA hai taba taka hote haiM / isameM bhI audArika mizra kAyayoga kevalI jinake kapATa samuddhAta ke donoM samayoM meM bhI hotA hai| kArmaNa kAyayoga vigrahagati meM aura kevalI jinake pratara samuddhAta ke donoM samayoM meM aura lokapUraNa samudghAta ke samaya meM hotA hai| yahAM jaba jIva pUrva zarIra kA tyAga karake nyUtana zarIra ko grahaNa karane ke liye gati karatA hai kintu yadi vaha gati mor3evAlI hotI hai to vahAM jIva kI parispandarUpa kriyA meM kauna sI vargaNAeM nimitta par3atI haiM yaha prazna hai| pUrva zarIra kA tyAga ho jAne se usake nimitta se prApta honevAlI vargaNAeM to nimittarUpa ho nahIM sakatI, kyoMki usa samaya unakA sadbhAva nhiiN| bhASAvargaNAeM aura manovargaNAeM bhI nimitta nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki usa samaya unakA grahaNa nahIM hotaa| hAM antarAla meM kArmaNa zarIra bhI rahatA hai aura kAmagavargaNAoM kA grahaNa bhI hotA hai, isaliye vahA~ jIva ke AtmapradezoM ke parispanda meM kAmaNavargaNAeM nimittarUpa hotI haiM aisA jAnanA caahiye| zaMkA-kyA yaha sahI hai ki jo jIva Rjugati se janmatA hai vaha pUrva zarIrajanya vega se nyUtana zarIra ko prApta hotA hai ? smaadhaan-nhiiN|
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________________ 108 tattvArthasUtra [2.25.-30. ___ zaMkA - to phira jo jIva Rjugati se nyUtana zarIra ko grahaNa karatA hai usake madhya meM kauna sA yoga hotA hai ? ___ samAdhAna ---aisA jIva pUrva zarIra ke tyAga ke bAda anantara samaya meM zarIra ko grahaNa kara letA hai isaliye isake jisa nyUtana zarIra kA grahaNa hotA hai vahI yoga hotA hai kintu vaha kAmaNa vargaNAoM ke nimitta se AtmA meM halana calana kriyA paidA karatA hai isaliye use mizrasaMjJA prApta hotI hai| arthAt aise jIva ke yA to audArika mizra kAyayoga yA vaikriyika mizra kAyayoga hotA hai / / 25 / / jIva aura pudgala ye do hI padArtha gatizIla haiN| ina donoM meM gamana-kriyA kI zakti hai / nimitta milane para ye gamana karane lagate haiN| / yadyapi saba saMsArI jIvoM kI aura vividha pudgaloM kI gAta kA niyama gati kA koI niyama nahIM hai| unakI vakra, cakrAkAra yA sarala hara prakAra kI gati hotI rahatI hai| para jo jIva eka paryAya ko tyAga kara dUsarI paryAya ko prApta hone ke liye gamana karatA hai usakI gati aura pudgaloM kI lokAnta prApiNI gati sarala hI hotI hai / sarala gati kA yaha matalaba hai ki ukta jIva yA pudgala AkAza ke jina pradezoM para sthita hoM, vahAM se gati karate hue ve unhIM pradezoM kI sarala rekhA ke anusAra Upara nIce yA tirache gamana karate haiN| isI ko anuzreNi gati kahate haiN| zreNi paMkti ko kahate haiN| anu kA artha hai anusaar| isaliye anuzreNi gati kA artha huA paMkti ke anusAra gati / isa prakAra isa sUtra dvArA gati kriyA kA niyama kiyA gayA hai // 26 // gati do prakAra kI hai Rju aura vakra / jisameM prApya sthAna sarala rekhA meM ho vaha Rju gati hai aura jisameM pUrva sthAna gati ke bheda va se naye sthAna ko prApta karane ke liye sarala rekhA kA "" "" bhaMga karanA par3e vaha vakra gati hai| ye donoM prakAra kI gatiyAM jIva aura pudgala donoM ke hotI haiM yaha pahale vatalA Aye
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________________ 2.25.-30] antarAla gatisambandhI vizeSa jAnakArI 109 haiN| aba yahA~ mukta jIva ke kauna sI gati hotI hai yaha batalAyA hai| aisA niyama hai ki manuSya sadA DhAI dvIpa aura do samudroM meM pAye jAte haiM / DhAI dvIpa ke bAhara inakA gamana nahIM hotaa| isa liye mukti lAbha isI kSetra se karate haiN| kintu jaba yaha jIva mukta hotA hai to Upara lokAya meM calA jAtA hai| jise siddha loka kahate hai / yaha ThIka manuSya loka ke barAbara hai na nyUna hai aura na adhika, isa liye manuSya loka meM jIva jahA~ mukta hotA hai vahA~ se vaha siddhaloka ke liye sarala rekhA meM calA jAtA hai| isa prakAra prakRta sUtradvArA muktajIva kI gati kA niyama kiyA gayA hai| zaMkA-'avigrahA jIvasya' isa sUtra meM jIva se mucyamAna jIva lenA ki mukta jIva / samAdhAna-karmoM se chUTane ke anantara samaya meM jIva Urdhvagamana karatA hai isaliye 'avigrahA jIvasya' isa sUtra meM jIva se mucyamAna jIva na lekara mukta jIva lenA cAhiye, kyoMki usa mamaya jIva karmoM se mukta rahatA hai // 27 // yoM mukta jIvoM kI gati kA vicAra karake aba saMsArI jIvoM kI gati kA vicAra karate haiN| saMsArI jIvoM kA utpatti sthAna sarala rekhA meM bhI hotA hai aura vakrarekhA meM bhI / jaise AnupUrvI karma kA udaya hotA hai usake anusAra ra unheM utpattisthAna prApta hotA hai| isaliye saMsArI saMsArI jIvoM kI gati ___jIvoM kI Rju gati bhI hotI hai aura vigrahagati bhii| - yadi unakA utpatti sthAna sarala rekhA meM hotA hai to Rjugati hotI hai aura yadi utpattisthAna sarala rekhA ko bhaMga karake hotA hai to vigraha gati hotI hai / Rjugati kA dUsarA nAma iSugati bhI hai| iSu vANa kA nAma hai / dhanuSa se vANa ke chor3ane para vaha sarala jAtA hai| isa prakAra jo gati sarala hotI hai use ipugati kahate haiN|
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________________ 110 tattvArthasUtra [ 2.25.-30. tathA vigrahagati ke pANimuktA, lAGgalikA aura gomUtrikA ye tIna bheda haiN| pANi para rakhA huA muktA eka mor3A lekara jamIna para giratA hai| isI prakAra jisameM eka mor3A lenA par3e vaha pANimuktA gati hai| lAGgala hana kA nAma hai| isameM do mAr3A hote haiN| isI prakAra jisameM do mor3A lenA par3eM vaha lAGgalikA gati hai tathA jisameM gomUtra ke samAna aneka arthAt tIna mor3A lenA par3e vaha gomUtrikA gati hai| yahA~ aneka kA artha tIna liyA hai, kyoM ki jIva ko pUrva zarIra kA tyAga karake navIna zarIra ko prApta hone meM tIna se adhika mor3e nahIM lene par3ate haiN| sabase vakrarekhA meM sthita niSkuTa kSetra batalAyA hai kintu vahA~ utpanna hone ke liye bhI adhika se adhika tIna mor3e hI lene par3ate haiN| antarAla gatikA kAla jaghanya eka samaya aura utkRSTa cAra samaya hai| Rjugati meM eka samaya, pANimuktA gati meM do samaya, lAGgalikA gati meM tIna samaya aura gomUtrikA gati meM cAra samaya lagate haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki mor3A ke anusAra samaya bar3hate jAte haiN| Rjugati meM utpatti sthAna taka pahu~cane meM eka samaya lagatA hai aura vigrahagati meM pratyeka mor3A taka pahu~cane meM eka samaya lagatA hai isaliye yadi eka mor3A hai to do samaya lagate haiN| do mor3A hai to tIna samaya lagate haiM aura tIna mor3A hai to cAra samaya lagate haiN| isase yaha phalita huA ki mor3AoM meM adhika se adhika tIna samaya lagate haiN| aura jo gati mor3A rahita hotI hai usameM eka samaya lagatA hai / / 28-29 // mukta jIva karma aura no karma se sarvathA mukta hotA hai isa liye vaha _ to AhAra letA hI nahIM, yaha spaSTa hai| kintu saMsArI anAhAraka kA . / jIva prati samaya AhAra letA hai kyoMki isake binA audArika Adi zarIra Tika nahIM sktaa| aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki antarAla meM jaba isa jIva ke audArika zarIra nahIM kAla
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________________ 2.25.-30] antarAla gatisambandhI vizeSa jAnakArI 111 rahatA yA vaikriyika zarIra nahIM rahatA taba bhI kyA yaha jIva AhAra grahaNa karatA hai ? isI prazna kA uttara isa sUtra meM diyA gayA hai / sUtra meM batalAyA hai ki eka samaya, do samaya aura tIna samaya taka jIva anAhAraka rahatA hai / yahA~ AhAra se matalaba audArika, vaikriyika aura AhAraka zarIra ke yogya pudgala vargaNAoM kA grahaNa karanA hai| saMsArI jIva ke isa prakAra AhAra grahaNa karane kI kriyA antarAla gati meM eka samaya, do samaya yA tIna samaya taka banda rahatI hai| jo jIva Rjugati se janma lete haiM ve anAhAraka nahIM hote, kyoM ki RjugativAle jIva jisa samaya meM pUrva zarIra chor3ate haiM usa samaya usa chor3e hue zarIra kA AhAra lete haiM aura usase anantara samaya meM navIna zarIra kA AhAra lete haiN| inake bhinna do zarIroM ke do AhAroM ke bIca meM antara nahIM par3atA, isaliye ye anAhAraka nahIM hote| parantu do samaya kI eka vigrahavAlI. tIna samaya kI do vigrahavAlI aura cAra samaya kI tIna vigrahavAlI gatimeM anAhAraka avasthA pAI jAtI hai| ina tInoM gatiyoM meM antima samaya AhAra kA hai aura zeSa eka, do aura tIna samaya anAhAra ke haiN| do samaya kI eka vigrahavAlI gati meM dUsare samaya meM yaha jIva navIna zarIra ko grahaNa kara letA hai isa liye vaha AhAra kA hai kintu prathama samaya meM pUrva zarIrakA tyAga ho jAne se usake bhI AhAra kA nahIM hai aura navIna zarIra kA grahaNa na hone se usake AhArakA bhI nahIM hai, isa liye usa samaya anAhAraka rahatA hai| isakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM ki yaha jIva prathama samaya meM kisI bhI prakAra kI pudgala vargaNAoM ko nahIM grahaNa krtaa| kArmaNavargaNAoM kA to vahA~ bhI grahaNa hotA hai| para kArmaNa vargaNAoM kA samAveza AhAra meM nahIM hai| yaha isaliye ki kevala inhIM vargaNAoM ko grahaNa karate hue jIva adhika kAla taka Thahara nahIM sktaa| jaba ki kevala AhAra vargaNAoM ko
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________________ 112 tattvArthasUtra [2.31.-35. grahaNa karate hue manuSya jIva ATha varSa antarmuhUrta kama eka pUrva koTi kAla taka Thahare rahate haiN| inheM AhAra vargaNA yaha saMjJA bhI imI se par3I hai| tIna samayavAlI tIsarI gati meM aura cAra samayavAlI cauthI gati meM isI prakAra jAnanA caahiye| arthAt ina donoM gatiyoM meM krama se do aura tIna samaya jIva anAhAraka rahatA hai aura tIsare tathA cauthe samaya meM AhAraka ho jAtA hai| kAraNa do samaya vAlI dUsarI gati meM batalA Aye haiN| zaMkA--vigrahagati meM kArmaNa kAyayoga to hotA hI hai phira vahA~ AhAra vargaNAoM kA grahaNa kyoM nahIM hotA ? | samAdhAna--- vahA~ audArika Adi zarIra nAmakarma kA udaya nahIM hotA aura zarIra grahaNa ke nimitta bhI nahIM pAye jAte isaliye yoga ke rahate hue bhI AhAra vargaNAoM kA grahaNa nahIM hotA // 30 // janma aura yoni ke bheda tathA unake svAmI sammUcrchanagarbhopapAdA janma // 31 // sacittazItasaMvRtAH setarA mizrAzcaikazastadhonayaH // 32 // jarAyujANDajapotAnAM garbha: // 33 // devanArakANAmupapAdaH // 34 // zeSANAM sammUrchanam // 35 // sammUrcchana, garbha aura upapAda ke bheda se janma tIna prakAra kA hai| isakI sacitta, zIta aura saMvRta; tathA inakI pratipakSabhUta acitta uSNa aura vivRta tathA mizra arthAt sacittAcitta, zItoSNa aura saMvRtavivRta ye nau yoniyA~ haiN| * zvetAmbara pATha 'sammUrchanagarbhopapAtA aisA hai| zvetAmbara pATha 'jarAyavaNDapotabAnAM garbha:' aisA hai / + zvetAmbara pATha 'nArakadevAnAmupapAta: aisA hai /
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________________ 2.31.-35.] janma aura yoni ke bheda tathA unake svAmI 113 jarAyuja, aNDaja aura pota prANiyoM kA garbha janma hotA hai| zeSa sabakA sammUcchena janma hotA hai| pUrva zarIra kA tyAga kara naye zarIra kA grahaNa karanA janma hai| jaba jIva kI bhujyamAna Ayu samApta ho jAtI hai to vaha naye bhava ko . dhAraNa karatA hai jisase use janma lenA par3atA hai| janma ke bheda ma ka mada yahAM isI janma ke bheda batalAye haiM jo tIna haiMsammUrchana, garbha aura upapAda / mAtA pitA kI apekSA kiye binA utpatti sthAna meM audArika paramANuoM ko zarIra rUpa pariNamAte hue utpanna honA sammUrchana janma hai / utpatti sthAna meM sthita mAtA-pitA ke zukra aura zoNita ko zarIra rUpa se pariNamAte hue utpanna honA garbha janma hai| tathA utpatti sthAna meM sthita vaikriyika pudgaloM ko zarIra rUpa se pariNamAte hue utpanna honA upapAda janma hai| isa prakAra janma ke bheda tIna haiM adhika nahIM // 31 // __jisa AdhAra meM jIva janma letA hai use yoni kahate haiN| yahA~ Ate hI jIva nyUtana zarIra ke liye grahaNa kiye gaye pudgaloM meM anupraviSTa ho jAtA hai| aura phira usa zarIra kI kramazaH vRddhi yoni ke bheda hai mada aura puSTi hone lagatI hai| isa yoni ke nau bheda haiMsacitta, zIta, saMvRta, acitta, uSNa, vivRta, sacittAcitta, zItoSNa aura saMvRtavivRta / jo yoni jIva pradezoM se adhiSThita ho vaha sacitta yoni hai| jo yoni jIvapradezoM se adhiSThita na ho vaha acitta yoni hai| jo yoni kucha bhAga meM jIva pradezoM se adhiSThita ho aura kucha bhAga meM jIva pradezoM se adhiSThita na ho vaha mizra yoni hai| jisa yoni kA sparza zIta ho vaha zIta yoni hai| jisa yoni kA sparza uSNa ho vaha uSNa yoni hai| jisa yoni kA kucha bhAga zIta ho aura kucha bhAga uSNa ho vaha zItoSNa yoni hai / jo yoni DhakI ho vaha saMvRta yoni hai / jo
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________________ yoni 114 tattvArthasUtra [2.31.-35. yoni khulI ho vaha vivRta yoni hai tathA jo yoni kucha DhakI ho aura kucha khulI ho vaha saMvRtavivRta yoni hai| kisa yoni meM kauna jIva janma lete haiM isakA khulAsA jIva deva aura nArakI acitta garbhaja manuSya aura tiryaMca mizra-sacittacitta zeSa sammUrcchana janma vAle arthAt / pA~coM, sthAvara tInoM vikalatraya, ! trividha yoni-sacitta, sammUrcchana paMcendriyatiryaMca aura / acitta aura mizra manuSya deva aura nArakI zIta aura uSNa yoni agnikAya uSNa yoni zeSa saba arthAt saba manuSya, / trividha yoni-zIta, uSNa agnikAyakesivA cAroMsthAvarakAya, SMS vikalatraya, saba paMcendriya tiryaMca ) deva, nArakI aura ekendriya vikalendriya va saMmUrcchana vivRta garbhaja miza ___ zaMkA-anyanna caurAsI lAkha yoniyA~ batalAI haiM phira yahA~ naukA nirdeza kyoM kiyA hai ? samAdhAna-caurAsI lAkha yoniyA~ vistAra se batalAI haiN| pRthivIkAya Adi jisa jisa kAyavAle jIvoM ke sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNavAle jitane jitane utpatti sthAna hai ve saba milAkara caurAsI lAkha ho jAte haiN| yathA-nitya nigoda, itara nigoda, pRthivI, jala, agni, vAyu inakI sAta sAta lAkha, vanaspati kI dasa lAkha; dvIndriya trIndriya saMvRta
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________________ 2. 31. - 35. ] janma aura yoni ke bheda tathA unake svAmI 115 aura turindriya inakI do do lAkha, deva, nArakI aura tiryaMca inakI cAra cAra lAkha aura manuSya ko caudaha lAkha yoniyA~ hotI haiM / yahA~ inhIM ke saMkSepa meM vibhAga karake nau bheda batalAye haiM / zaMkA- yoni aura janma meM kyA antara hai ? samAdhAna - yoni AdhAra hai aura janma Adheya hai / arthAt nayA bhava dhAraNa karake jIva jahA~ utpanna hotA hai vaha yoni hai aura vahA~ zarIra ke yogya pudgaloM kA grahaNa karanA janma hai // 32 // unameM se kauna janma pahale tIna prakAra ke janma batalA Aye haiM / kina jIvoM ke hotA hai yaha batalAte haiM jarAyuja, aNDaja aura pota prANiyoM ke garbha janma hotA hai / deva aura nArakiyoM ke upapAda janma hotA hai tathA zeSa jIvoM ke arthAt pAMcoM sthAvara kAya, tInoM vikalendriya tathA janma ke svAmI sammUrcchana manuSya aura sammUrcchana paMcendriya tiryaMcoM ke sammUrcchana janma hotA hai / jo jarAyu se paidA hote haiM ve jarAyuja ' yathA manuSya, hAthI, ghor3A, baila, bakarI Adi / jarAyu eka prakAra kA jAla jaisA AvaraNa hai jisameM rakta mAMsa bharA rahatA hai aura usase TET lipaTA rahatA hai / jo aNDe se paidA hote haiM ve aNDaja haiN| yathA-pakSI Adi / aNDa rakta aura vIrya kA banA huA nakha ke samAna kaThina gola hotA hai / jo kisI prakAra ke AvaraNa se veSThita na hokara paidA hote hI uchalane kUdane lagate haiM ve pota haiM / yathA nevalA Adi / ye pota jIva na to jarAyu se lipaTe hue paidA hote haiM aura na aNDe se kintu khule aMga paidA hote haiM / deva aura nArakiyoM kI utpatti ke liye niyata sthAna hotA hai jise upapAda sthAna kahate haiM / devoM kI utpatti ke liye alaga se upapAda zayyA banI hai / nArakiyoM kI utpatti ke liye bhI viloM ke Upara ke bhAga meM upapAda sthAna bane hue haiN| tathA sammUrcchana janma ke sthAna aniyata haiM / / 33-35 / / /
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [2.36.-49. pA~ca zarIroM kA nAma nirdeza aura unake sambandha meM vizeSa varNana audArika vaikriyikAhArakataijasakArmaNAni zarIrANi // 36 // paramparaM suukssmm| // 37 // pradezato'saMkhyeyaguNaM pAka taijasAt // 38 // anantaguNe preH||39|| apratIpAte // 40 // anAdisambandhe ca // 41 // sarvasya // 42 // tadAdIni bhAjyAni yugapadeka sminnA caturvyaH // 43 // nirupabhogamantyam // 44 // garbhasammUcchanajamAdyam // 4 // aupapAdikaM vaikriyikam // 46 // labdhipratyayaM ca // 47 // taijasamapi // 48 // zubhaM vizuddhamavyAghAti cAhArakaM pramattasaMyatasyaiva () // 49 // audArika, vaikriyika, AhAraka, taijasa aura kArmaNa ye pA~ca prakAra ke zarIra haiN| * zvetAmbara pATha 'vaikriyika' ke sthAna meM 'vaikriya' hai| + zvetAmbara tattvArthabhASyamAnya pATha "teSAM paramparaM sUkSmam' hai / + zvetAmyara pATha 'vaikriyamaupapAtikam' aisA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha sUtra nahIM hai| () zvetAmbara pATha 'pramattasaMyatasyaiva' ke sthAna meM 'caturdazapUrvadharasyaiva' hai|
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________________ 2.36.-49. ] pA~ca zarIroM kA nAma nirdeza aura unakA varNana 117 Age Age kA zarIra sUkSma hai / taijasa se pUrva ke tIna zarIroM meM pUrva pUrva kI apekSA Age AgekA : zarIra pradezoM kI apekSA asaMkhyAtaguNA hai / tathA paravartI do zarIra pradezoM kI apekSA uttarottara ananta haiN| tejasa aura kArmaNa donoM zarIra pratIghAta rahita haiM / AtmA ke sAtha anAdi sambandhavAle haiM / tathA saba saMsArI jIvoM ke hote haiM / eka sAtha eka jIva ke taijasa aura kArmaNa ina do zarIroM se lekara cAra taka vikalpa se hote haiM / anta kA zarIra upabhoga rahita hai / prathama zarIra garbhajanma aura sammUrcchana janma se paidA hotA hai / vaikriyika zarIra upapAda janma se paidA hotA hai / tathA labdhi ke nimitta se bhI paidA hotA hai / taijasa zarIra bhI labdhi ke nimitta se paidA hotA hai / AhAraka zarIra zubha hai, vizuddha hai aura vyAghAta rahita hai tathA vaha pramatta saMyata muni ke hI hotA hai / janma ke pazcAt zarIroM kA kathana kiyA hai, kyoMki zarIra janma ke hone para prApta hote haiM / athavA nUtana zarIra kA sambandha hI janma hai yaha samajha kara janma ke pazcAt zarIroM kA kathana kiyA hai / yadi pRthak pRthak gaNanA kI jAya to zarIra ananta mileMge para jAti kI apekSA aura zarIra nAmakarma ke mukhya bhedoM kI apekSA vicAra karane para unake pA~ca bheda prApta hote haiM / ina pA~ca bhedoM meM saba zarIroM kA samAveza' ho jAtA hai / zarIra ke pA~ca bheda nimna prakAra haiM - zradArika, vaikriyika. AhAraka, taijasa, aura kArmaraNa / zarIra ke bheda aura unakI vyAkhyA
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________________ 118 tattvArthasUtra [2.36.-49. zarIra zabda kA vyutpattyartha hai jo pratikSaNa zorNa hotA hai| yadyapi zarIra meM yaha guNa pAyA jAtA hai para jIva ko saMsAra meM rakhane kA yaha mUla AdhAra hai| jaba taka jIva kA isake sAtha sambandha hai taba taka saMsAra hai yaha zarIra sAmAnya kA artha hai / audArika Adi zarIroM kA artha nimna prakAra hai___ udAra kA artha mahAn yA bar3A hai / prakRta meM isakA artha sthUla hai| jo saba zarIroM meM sthUla hai vaha audArika zarIra hai / jo zarIra kabhI choTA, kabhI bar3A, kabhI eka, kabhI aneka, kabhI halakA aura kabhI bhArI Adi aneka rUpa ho sake vaha vaikriyika zarIra hai / jisakA mukhya kAma sUkSma padArtha kA nirNaya karAnA hai vaha AhAraka zarIra hai| yaha akRtrima jina mandiroM kI vandanA aura vairAgya Adi kalyANakoM ke nimitta se bhI paidA hotA hai| tejomaya zukla prabhAvAlA taijasa zarIra* * vaijJAnikoM ke AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi ke liye jo vividha prayoga cAlU haiM taijasa zarIra kI siddhi to unase bhI hotI hai / 'jayAjI pratApa' ke 17 jUna 1937 ke aMka | AphrikA ke eka vikhyAta DAkTara aura eka iJjIniyara kA sAiTisTasa sIka dI sola nAmaka eka lekha prakAzita huyA thaa| usameM unhoMne apane prayoga diye haiM jisase hama taijasa (vidyuta) zarIra kI siddhi ke sannikaTa pahu~ca jAte haiN| isake liye sarva prathama unhoMne yaMtra kI sahAyatA se pazuoM kI zakti kA parimANa nikaalaa| unake isa prayoga kA niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki 'pratyeka prANI meM eka nizcita parimANa meM zakti (vidyut ) hotI hai| mRtyu ke samaya yaha zakti nikala jAtI hai| adhika buddhimAna prANiyoM meM yaha zakti adhika parimANa meM rahatI hai / vidyuta kA parimANa jIvana bhara dhruva rahatA hai| manuSya meM vidyuta zakti kA parimANa 500 volTa rahatA hai|' yaha eka prayoga kA phala hai| bahuta sambhava hai ki isase zrAge calakara spaSTataH taijasa zarIra kI siddhi ho jAya /
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________________ 2.36.-49.] pA~ca zarIroM kA nAma nirdeza aura unakA varNana 119 hai| isake do bheda haiM nahIM nikalanevAlA aura niklnevaalaa| nahIM nikalanevAlA tejasa zarIra audArika, vaikriyika aura AhAraka zarIra ke bhItara sthita rahatA hai jisase zarIra kAntimAna rahatA hai| tathA nikalanevAlA taijasa zarIra ugra cAritravAle muni ke krodha hone para hotA hai| yaha zarIra se bAhara nikala kara bAraha yojana taka ke padArthoM ko bhasma kara detA hai yA itane kSetra ke bhItara ke prANiyoM kA anugraha karanevAlA hotA hai| saba karmoM kA samUha hI kArmaNa zarIra hai| saba karmoM ke samUha ko kArmaNa zarIra saMjJA kAmaNa zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se prApta hotI hai||| 36 // ___ukta pA~coM zarIroM meM audArika zarIra saba se adhika sthUla hai / yadyapi sUkSma ekendriyoM kA zarIra sUkSma kahalAtA hai para isameM sUkSma nAmakarma ke udaya se sUkSmatA AtI hai vaise to yaha zarIroM meM uttaro bhI vaikriyika zarIra se sthUla hI hai| vaikriyika zarIra ttara sUkSmatA "" isase sUkSma hai, AhAraka zarIra vaikriyika zarIra se sUkSma hai| isI prakAra taijasa AhAraka se aura kArmaNa taijasa se sUkSma haiN| zarIroM meM yaha jo uttarottara sUkSmatA batalAI hai vaha indriya agrA. yatva yA apratIghAtapane kI apekSA se jAnanA cAhiye / parimANa kI apekSA nahIM, kyoM ki parimANa kI apekSA pA~coM zarIra uttarottara adhika haiN|| 37 // ___yadyapi ye pA~coM zarIra uttarottara sUkSma haiM tathApi jisa dravya se ye .... banate haiM vaha uttarottara adhika hotA hai| para yaha ukta pA~ca zarIroM ke dravya kA parimANa kitanA adhika hotA hai isI bAta ko do sUtroM meM batalAyA hai| jina paramANuoM ke puJja se ye audArika zrAdi pAMca zarIra banate haiM ve yadyapi ananta haiM tathApi audArika zarIra ke paramANuoM se vaikriyika zarIra ke paramANu aura vaikriyika zarIra ke paramA
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________________ 120 tattvArtha sUtra [ 2.36. - 49. gutroM se AhAraka zarIra ke paramANu asaMkhyAtaguNe haiN| isI prakAra Age bhI AhAra zarIra ke paramANuoM se taijasa zarIra ke paramANu aura taijasa zarIra ke paramANuoM se kArmaNa zarIra ke paramANu anantaguNe hai / isa prakAra yadyapi uttara-uttara zarIra ke paramANu adhika haiM tathApi pariNamana kI vicitratA ke kAraNa ve uttarottara sUkSma sUkSma hai| zaMkA- jaba ki pratyeka zarIra ke paramANu ananta haiM to phira ve nyUnAdhika kaise ho sakate haiM ? samAdhAna - jaise do ko bhI saMkhyAta kahate haiM, cAra ko bhI saMkhyAta kahate haiM isa prakAra saMkhyAta ke saMkhyAta vikalpa haiM usI prakAra ananta yaha sAmAnya saMjJA hone se usake ananta vikalpa haiM, isaliye pratyeka zarIra ke paramANu ananta hote hue bhI unake nyUnAdhika hone meM koI Apatti nahIM hai // 38, 39 // * ukta pAMcoM zarIroM meM se anta ke do zarIroM meM kucha vizeSatA hai, jo antima do zarIroM tIna bAtoM ke dvArA kramazaH tIna sUtroM meM batakA svabhAva lAI gaI hai pratighAta kA artha rukAvaTa hai| jisameM yaha rukAvaTa na pAI jAya vaha padArtha pratIghAta hotA hai / anta ke do zarIroM kA svabhAva isI prakAra kA hai isaliye unheM pratIghAta kahA hai| ina donoM zarIroM kA samasta loka meM kahIM bhI pratIghAta nahIM hotA, vajra jaisI kaThina aura saghana vastu bhI inheM nahIM roka sakatI / yadyapi eka mUrta padArtha kA dUsare mUrta padArtha ke sAtha pratIghAta dekhA jAtA hai tathApi yaha niyama sthUla padArthoM meM hI dikhAI detA hai sUkSma meM nahIM / sUkSma padArtha kI to sarvatra pratIghAtagati hai / zaMkA- apratIghAta guNa vaikiyika aura AhAraka zarIra meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai phira unakA yahA~ ullekha kyoM nahIM kiyA ?
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________________ 2,36.-49.] pA~ca zarIroM kA nAma nirdeza aura unakA varNana 121 , samAdhAna-yahAM saba loka meM apratIghAta batalAnA iSTa hai, isaliye vaikriyika aura AhAraka zarIra kA grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| mAnA ki ve donoM zarIra pratI ghAta rahita haiM para unakA yaha guNa vivakSita sthAna meM hI sambhava hai| ___ zaMkA-vaikriyika aura AhAraka zarIra ke rahate hue bAdara nAma karma kA udaya avazya hotA hai, phira inheM apratIghAta kyoM kahA? samAdhAna-bAdara aura sUkSma kA artha hai jo AdhAra se raheM ve bAdara aura jo binA AdhAra ke raheM ve sUkSma / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki sUkSma pratIghAta se rahita hI hote haiM kintu isase yaha natIjA nahIM nikalanA cAhiye ki jo dUsaroM ko rokeM yA dUsaroM se ruke ve bAdara / bAdara donoM prakAra ke hote haiM kucha pratIghAta se rahita aura kucha sapratI. ghAta / vaikriyika aura AhAraka zarIra aise haiM jo, jahA~ taka unake jAne kI kSamatA hai vahA~ taka, pratIghAta se rahita hai, isaliye vivakSita sthAna meM inheM bhI apratIghAta kahA hai| taijasa aura kArmaNa ye donoM zarIra AtmA ke sAtha anAdi sambandhavAle haiN| inake sivA zeSa tIna zarIroM kI yaha bAta nahIM hai, kyoMki AhAraka zarIra to pramattasaMyata munike kAla hI sambhava hai so bhI antarmuhUrta ke bAda vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai, isaliye yaha to anAdi ho hI nahIM sktaa| aba rahe do zarIra so ve bhI kAdAcitka haiN| tiryaMca aura manuSya paryAya meM audArika zarIra hotA hai aura deva tathA nAraka paryAya meM caikriyika isaliye ye bhI anAdi nahIM ho skte| kintu taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra eka paryAya ke bAda dUsarI paryAya meM ve hI cale jAte haiM isaliye inheM anAdi kahA hai| zaMkA-yadi ye donoM zarIra anAdi saMbaMdhavAle haiM to inakA nAza nahIM honA cAhiye, kyoMki anAdibhAvakA nAza nahIM hotA ?
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________________ 122 tattvArthasUtra [2.36.-49.. samAdhAna-ye donoM zarIra pravAha kI apekSA se anAdi haiM vyakti kI apekSA se to ve bhI sAdi haiN| unakA bhI bandha, nirjarA huA karatI hai| isaliye unakA nAza mAna lene meM koI Apatti nhiiN| hA~ jo padArtha vyaktirUpa se anAdi hotA hai vaha avazya ananta hotA hai, usakA kabhI bhI nAza nahI hotA jaise pratyeka dravya / __ zaMkA-nitya nigodiyA ke audArika zarIra ko anAdi sambandhavAlA kyoM nahIM mAnA jAtA ? samAdhAna-vigraha gati meM audArika zarIra kA sambandha nahIM rahatA, isaliye nitya niyodayA jIva ke audArika zarIra ko anAdi sambandhavAlA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| aisA eka bhI saMsArI jIva nahIM jisake taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra na ho isaliye inheM saba saMsArI jIvoM ke batalAyA svAmI hai| kintu tIna zarIra saba saMsArI jIvoM ke na pAye jAkara kucha hI jIvoM ke pAye jAte haiM // 40-42 / / yaha to pahale hI batalA Aye haiM ki tejasa aura kArmaNa zarIra saba saMsArI jIvoM ke pAye jAte haiM aura zeSa zarIra kAdAcitka haiN| __ isaliye yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki eka jIva ke eka eka jIvake eka sAtha / labhya zarIroMkI saMkhyA sAtha kama se kama kitane aura adhika se adhika " kitane zarIra pAye jAte haiM ? prastuta sUtra meM yahI batalAyA hai / eka jIva ke eka sAtha kama se kama do aura adhika se adhika cAra zarIra hote haiM pA~ca kabhI nahIM hote| vigrahagati meM taijasa aura kArmaNa ye do zarIra hote haiM, eka kabhI nahIM hotA, kyoMki jaba taka saMsAra hai taba taka kama se kama ukta do zarIroM kA sambandha avazya hai / zarIra grahaNa karane para taijasa, kArmaNa aura audArika yA taijasa, kArmaNa aura vaikivika ye tIna zarIra hote haiN| pahalA prakAra manuSya aura tiryaMcoM ke hotA hai tathA dUsarA prakAra deva aura nArakiyoM
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________________ 2.36 - 49. ] pA~ca zarIroM kA nAma nirdeza aura unakA varNana 123 ke hotA hai / tathA pramattasaMyata muni ke AhAra Rddhi ke prayoga ke samaya taijasa, kArmaNa, zradArika aura AhAraka ye cAra zarIra hote haiM / zaMkA--pA~ca zarIra eka sAtha eka jIva ke kyoM nahIM hote ? samAdhAna - vaikriyika aura AhAraka zarIra eka sAtha nahIM pAye jAte isaliye eka jIva ke eka sAtha pA~ca zarIra nahIM batalAye / zaMkA- isa uttara se to yaha jJAta hotA hai ki vaikiyika zarIra kA audArika zarIra ke sAtha hone meM koI virodha nahIM, yadi aisA hai to phira taijasa, kArmaNa, zradArika aura vaikriyika yaha vikalpa aura batalAnA cAhiye thA ? samAdhAna - vaikriyika zarIra do prakAra kA hai eka to vaha jo deva aura nArakiyoM ke vaikriyika zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se hotA hai aura dUsarA vaha jo audArika zarIra meM vikriyA vizeSa ke prApta hone se hotA hai / kintu yaha dUsare prakAra kA vaikriyika zarIra audArika zarIra se bhinna nahIM hotA / yahI sababa hai ki prakRta meM taijasa, kArmaNa, audArika aura kriyika yaha vikalpa nahIM batalAyA ||43|| indriyoM dvArA zabdAdi rUpa apane-apane viSayoM ko grahaNa karanA upabhoga kahalAtA hai / uThanA, baiThanA, khAnA, pInA, dAna denA yaha saba isI meM sammilita hai / yaha kArya audArika, vaikriyika 1 upabhoga vicAra aura AhAra zarIra inameM se kisI eka ke rahate hue bana sakatA hai / kevala kArmaNa aura taijasa zarIra ke rahate hue nahIM, kyoMki yadyapi vigrahagati meM donoM zarIra rahate haiM aura bhAvendriyAM bhI, phira bhI vahA~ indriyoM se viSayoM kA grahaNa nahIM hotA isaliye kArmaNa zarIra ko nirupabhoga kahA hai / isase yaha artha apane zrApa nikala AtA hai ki zeSa tIna zarIra sopabhoga haiN| zaMkA- pUrvokta kathana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki taijasa zarIra bhI frepabhoga hai phira usakA yahA~ grahaNa kyoM nahIM kiyA ?
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________________ tattvArtha sUtra [ 2.36.-49. samAdhAna - pAMca zarIroM meM taijasa ke sivA zeSa cAra zarIra yoga arthAt kriyA ke sAdhana haiN| usameM bhI kisake rahane para indriyAM viSayoM ko grahaNa karatI haiM, aura kisake na rahane para indriyAM viSayoM ko grahaNa nahIM karatIM arthAt Abhyantara yoga kriyA ke sivA bAhya pravRtti nivRtti meM kauna zarIra sahAyaka haiM aura kauna nahIM yaha yahAM prazna hai / isI prazna kA uttara prastuta sUtra meM diyA gayA hai / yataH taijasa zarIra kisI bhI prakAra kI kriyA kA sAdhana nahIM, ataH vaha nirupabhoga hai ki sopabhoga yaha prazna hI nahIM uThatA / kriyA kA sAdhana hote hue kauna zarIra freebhoga hai aura kauna zarIra sopabhoga isakA nirNaya karanA yahAM mukhya hai / aura isI dRSTi se antima zarIra ko nirupabhoga batalAyA hai / zaMkA- jo labdhinimittaka taijasa zarIra hotA hai. vaha to kriyA karate hue pAyA jAtA hai / yadi krodhita sAdhu ke yaha paidA hotA hai to bAhara nikala kara dAla ko bhasmasAt kara detA hai aura yadi anugraha ke nimitta se kisI sAdhu ke yaha paidA hotA hai to mAro roga Adi ke zAnta karane kA nimitta bana jAtA hai, isaliye 'taijasa zarIra ke nimitta se upabhoga nahIM hotA hai' yaha kahanA nahIM banatA hai ? samAdhAna- saca bAta to yaha hai ki tejasa zarIra ko aisA mAna kara bhI use yoga kA nimitta nahIM mAnA hai, isaliye upabhoga prakaraNa maiM usakA vicAra karanA hI vyartha hai / dUsare isa prakAra yadyapi taijasa zarIra meM kriyA mAna bhI lI jAya to bhI usase viSayoM kA grahaNa nahIM hotA, kyoMki usameM dravyendriyoM kI racanA nahIM hotI, isaliye vaha khopabhoga to mAnA hI nahIM jA sakatA // 44 // yaha dekhanA hai ki kitane zarIra janma se hote haiM aura kitane nimitta vizeSa ke milane para ke pAMca sUtroM meM isI bAta kA gayA haiM / 124 janmasiddhatA aura naimittikatA hote haiN| Age vicAra kiyA
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________________ 2.17.-21. ] pA~ca zarIroM kA nAma nirdeza aura unakA varNana 125 taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra to anAdi sambandhavAle haiM isaliye inake viSaya meM to janmasiddhatA aura naimittikatA kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| aba rahe zeSa tIna zarIra so unameM se audArika zarIra to kevala janma se hI hotA hai jo garbha aura sammUrchana janma se paidA hotA hai tathA jisake svAmI manuSya aura tithaMca haiN| vaikriyika zarIra janma se bhI hotA hai aura nimitta vizeSa ke milane para bhI hotA hai| inameM se jo janma se hotA hai vaha upapAda janma se paidA hotA hai aura isake svAmI deva aura nArakI haiN| vaikriyika nimitta vizeSa ke milane para bhI hotA hai so yahAM nimitta vizeSa se labdhi lI gaI hai| prakRta meM labdhi kA artha tapa se utpanna huI zakti vizeSa hai jo garbhaja manuSyoM ke hI sambhava hai| isaliye garbhaja manuSya bhI naimittika vaikriyika zarIra ke svAmI hote haiN| yadyapi pahale anAdi sambandhavAle tejasa zarIra kA ullekha kara Aye haiN| para eka taijasa zarIra tapazcaryA ke nimitta se utpanna huI labdhi ke nimitta se bhI hotA hai jisake adhikArI garbhaja manuSya hI haiN| AhAraka zarIra to naimittika hI hai, kyoMki yaha AhArakaRddhi ke hone para hI hotA hai| zaMkA-vikriyA to garbhaja tiryaMca va vAyukAyika jIvoM ke bhI dekhI jAtI hai ? samAdhAna-dekhI avazya jAtI hai para vaha vikriyA audArika zarIra sambandhI hI hai isaliye usakA alaga se nirdeza nahIM kiyaa| zaMkA-AhAraka Rddhi kA svAmI kauna hai ? smaadhaan-muni| zaMkA-to kyA sabhI guNasthAnoM meM AhAraka zarIra utpanna hotA hai| samAdhAna nhiiN| zaMkA-to phira kisa guNasthAna meM AhAraka zarIra utpanna hotA hai ?
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________________ 126 tattvArthasUtra [2.50.52. samAdhAna-pramattasaMyata guNasthAna meM hI utpanna hotA hai aura samApta bhI isI guNasthAna meM hotA hai, kyoMki isakI utpatti ke jo kAraNa batalAye haiM ve pramattasaMyata muni ke hI sambhava haiN| zaMkA-ve kauna se kAraNa haiM jinake nimitta se AhAraka zarIra paidA hotA hai ? samAdhAna-eka to jaba muni ko kisI sUkSma viSaya meM sandeha hotA hai taba usa sandeha ko dUra karane ke liye AhAraka zarIra paidA hotA hai| dUsare kisI kAma ke liye gamanAgamana karane se asaMyama kI bahulatA dikhe para usakA kiyA jAnA Avazyaka ho to isa nimitta se bhI AhAraka zarIra utpanna hotA hai| udAharaNArtha tIrthaMkarake dIkSA Adi kalyANakoM meM sammilita honA aura akRtrima caityAlayoM kI vandanA krnaa| yaha zarIra hastapramANa hotA hai| uttama aMga arthAt mastaka se paidA hotA hai| zubha karma kA kAraNa hone se zubha hotA hai, puNyakarma kA phala hone se vizuddha hotA hai aura na kisI se rukatA hai aura na kisI ko rokatA hai isaliye avyAghAtI hotA hai| pramattasaMyata muni aise zarIra se dUsare kSetra meM jAkara aura zaMkA kA nivAraNa kara yA vandanA kara phira apane sthAna para A jAte haiN| isameM antarmuhUrta kAla lagatA haiM // 45-49 // vedoM ke svAmInArakasamsUcchino napuMsakAni // 50 // na devAH // 51 // zeSAstrivedAH // 52 // nAraka aura saMmUrcchana janmavAle jIva napuMsaka hI hote haiN| deva napuMsaka nahIM hote| * zvetAmbara parasparA meM ise sUtra nahIM mAnA /
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________________ 2.50.-52.] vedoM ke svAmI 127 zeSa prANI tInoM vedavAle hote haiN| veda ke tIna bheda haiM strIveda, puruSaveda aura napunsakaveda / jisake hone para jIva svayaM apane ko doSoM se AcchAdita kare aura AjU _____ bAjU kI paristhiti ko bhI doSoM se jhaka de vaha strI vedoM kA svarUpa 4 veda hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki isa veda ke hone para prANI kA svabhAva pradhAnatayA ochA hotA hai| jisake hone para prANI kA jhukAva acche guNoM aura acche, bhogoM kI ora rahatA hai loka meM kArya bhI acche karatA hai vaha puruSaveda hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki isa veda ke hone para prANI kA svabhAva uThA huA hotA hai| jisake hone para prANI kA svabhAva strI aura puruSa donoM ke samAna na hokara atyanta kaluSita hotA hai vaha napunsaka veda hai| Agama meM ina tInoM ko kramazaH kaNDe kI agni, tRNa kI agni aura avA kI agni kA dRSTAnta diyA hai| ye tInoM veda krama se strIveda, puruSaveda aura napuMsakaveda nokaSAya ke udaya se hote haiN| __ anyatra ina tInoM vedoM kA 'jo garbha dhAraNa karatI hai vaha strI hai, jo bacce ko paidA karatA hai vaha puruSa hai aura jo ina donoM prakAra kI zaktiyoM se rahita hai vaha napuMsaka hai' isa prakAra kA vyutpatyaya vyutpatyartha bhI milatA hai para yaha dravya vedakI apekSA se kiyA gayA jAnanA caahiye| ina tInoM vedoM kA Agamika artha to vahI hai jo Upara diyA jA cukA hai| ukta tInoM veda bhAvaveda haiM, kyoM ki ve veda nokaSAya ke udaya se honevAle AtmAke pariNAma haiN| inake atirikta dravya strIveda, dravya . puruSaveda aura dravya napuMsakaveda ye tIna bhI hote haiN| vedoM ke bheda dA ka mada ye tInoM dravyaveda prAMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se hote haiN| zvetAmbara Agama granthoM meM inakA ullakha cinhastrI, cinhapuruSa aura cinhanapuMsaka rUpa se milatA hai| jisa cinha se dravya strI kI
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________________ 128 tattvArthasUtra [2. 53. pahicAna hotI hai vaha dravya strIveda hai| jisase dravya puruSakI pahicAna hotI hai vaha dravya puruSaveda hai / aura jinake zarIra ke cinha na to strI rUpa hote hai aura na puruSa rUpa hI kintu mile hue mizra prakAra ke hote haiM vaha dravya napuMsaka hai| ukta tInoM vedoM kA kAla nyUtana paryAya ke prathama samaya se lekara usa paryAya ke antima samaya taka batalAyA hai| arthAt eka paryAya meM veda nahIM badalatA hai| isase kucha bhAI ise dravyaveda kAla kA kAla mAna kara dravyaveda aura bhAvaveda kA sAmya siddha karate haiN| kintu aise aneka pramANa pAye jAte haiM jinase eka paryAya meM dravyaveda kA badalanA siddha hotA hai| ____nAraka aura sammUrchina jIvoM ke napuMsaka veda hotA hai| devoM ke napuMsaka veda nahIM hotA zeSa do veda hote haiN| zeSa jIvoM ke arthAt garbhaja _ manuSyoM tathA tiryaMcoM ke tInoM veda hote haiN| yahA~ vibhAga itanA vizeSa jAnanA cAhiye ki pahale jo dravyaveda aura bhAvaveda kI carcA kI hai so karmabhUmi meM garbhaja manuSyoM aura tiyacoM meM inakA vaiSamya bhI hotA hai / / 50-52 / / AyuSa ke prakAra aura unake svAmI * auSapAdikacaramottamadehA'saMkhyeyavarSAyuSo'napavAyuSaH // 53 // ___aupapAdika (deva aura nAraka ) caramottama zarIrI aura asaMkhyAta varSajIvI ye anapavayaM AyuvAle hI hote haiN| adhikatara prANiyoM kA viSa, zvAsocchavAsa kA avarodha, roga Adi ke nimitta se akAla meM maraNa dekha kara yaha prazna hotA hai ki kyA akAla maraNa hotA hai ? yadi akAla maraNa hotA hai yaha mAna liyA jAya to dUsaroM prazna yaha hotA hai ki jitane bhI saMsArI prANI haiM una sabakA akAla maraNa hotA hai yA sabakA na ho kara kucha kA hI ** zvetAmbara pATha 'aupapAtikacaramadehottamapuruSA'saM-' zrAdi hai /
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________________ 2. 53.] AyuSa ke prakAra aura unake svAsI 129 hotA hai ? inhoM do praznoM kA uttara isa satra meM diyA gayA hai| yadyapi sUtra meM kevala itanA hI batalAyA hai ki kina kina jIvoM kA akAla maraNa nahIM hotA, para isase ukta donoM praznoM kA uttara ho jAtA hai| karmazAstra ke niyamAnusAra bhujyamAna Ayu kA utkarSaNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoM ki utkarSaNa bandhakAla meM hI hotA hai| udAharaNArtha -... kisI manuSya yA tithaMcane prathama vibhAga meM narakAyu kA eka lAkha varSa pramANa sthitibandha kiyaa| aba yadi vaha dUsare tribhAga meM narakAyukA dasa lAkha varSa pramANa sthitibandha karatA hai to usa samaya vaha prathama tribhAga meM bA~dhI huI sthitikA utkarSaNa kara sakatA hai| utkarSaNa kA yaha sAmAnya niyama saba karmoM para lAgU hotA hai| bhujyamAna Ayu kA bandha umI paryAya meM hotA nahIM, ataH unakA utkarSaNa nahIM hotA yaha vyavasthA to nirapavAda bana jAtI hai| kintu apakarSaNa ke liye bandha kAla kA aisA koI pratibandha nahIM hai| vaha kucha apavAdoM ko chor3a kara kabhI bhI ho sakatA hai| jila paryAya meM Ayu kA bandha kiyA hai usa paryAya meM bhI ho sakatA hai aura jila paryAya meM use bhoga rahe haiM usa paryAya meM bhI ho sakatA hai| udAharaNArtha-kiso manuSya ne tiryaMcAyukA pUrva koTi varSapramANa sthiti bandha kiyaa| aba yadi use sthitighAta ke anukUla sAmagrI jisa paryAya meM Ayu kA bandha kiyA hai usI paryAya meM hI mila jAtI hai to usI paryAya meM vaha Ayukarma kA sthitighAta kara sakatA hai aura yadi jisa paryAya meM Ayu ko bhoga rahA hai usameM sthitighAta ke anukUla sAmagrI milatI hai to usa paryAya meM Ayu karma kA sthitivAta kara sakatA hai| sthitighAta hone se Ayu kama hA jAtI hai| ____ apakarSaNa ke isa niyama ke anusAra saba jIvoM kI bhujyamAna Ayu kama ho sakatI hai yaha sAmAnya niyama hai| isa niyama ke anusAra sUtra meM nirdiSTa jIvoM kI sudhyamAna Ayu kama ho sakatI hai|
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________________ 130 tattvArthasUtra [ 2. 53. kintu aisA hotA nahIM, ataH isI bAta ke batalAne ke liye isa sUtra kI racanA huI hai| isameM batalAyA hai ki upapAda janma se paidA honevAle deva, nArakI va caramazarIrI aura bhogabhUmiyA jIvoM kI zrAyu nahIM ghaTatI / ye jIva bhujyamAna Ayu kA sthiti ghAta nahIM karate yaha ukta kathana kA tAtparya hai| isase yaha bhI niSkarSa nikala AtA hai ki inake sivA saba jIvoM kI Ayu kama ho sakatI hai| zaMkA-yadi ukta jIvoM ke Ayukarma kA sthiti ghAta nahIM hotA to na sahI para kyA isase yaha samajhA jAya ki inake Ayu karma kA apakarSaNa bhI nahIM hotA ? samAdhAna-inake Ayukarma kA apakarSaNa to hotA hai para usakA sthiti ghAta nahIM hotaa| zaMkA-apakarSaNa to ho para sthiti ghAta na ho yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ? samAdhAna- apakarSaNa do prakAra kA hotA hai| eka to sthiti kA dhAta hue binA mAtra kucha karma paramANuoM kA hotA hai| isase karmasthiti ke niSeka yathAvat bane rahate haiN| aura dUsarA aisA hotA hai jisase karmasthiti kA krama se ghAta ho jAtA hai| isI ko sthiti ghAta kahate haiN| ina donoM prakAra ke apakarSaNoM meM se ukta jIvoM ke Ayukarma kA prathama prakAra kA hI apakarSaNa hotA hai, ataH unake Ayukarma kA apakarSaNa ho kara bhI Ayu kama nahIM hotii| zaMkA-eka aisA niyama hai ki udayAgata karma paramANuoM kA apakarSaNa hone para unakA nikSepa udayAvali meM bhI hotA hai jisa ki udIraNA kahate haiN| isa niyama ke anusAra ukta jIvoM ke bhI Ayukarma kI udIraNA prApta hotI hai ?
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________________ 2. 53.] AyuSa ke prakAra aura unake svAmI 131 samAdhAna-avazya / para yaha udIraNA sthiti ghAta pUrvaka nahIM hotI, isaliye aisI udIraNA ke hone para bhI ukta jIvoM kI Ayu anapavayaM hI banI rahatI hai| zaMkA---yadi ina jIvoM ke Ayukarma ko nikAcita bandhavAlA mAnA jAya to kyA hAni hai ? samAdhAna-ina jIvoM kA Ayukarma nikAcita bandhavAlA bhI ho sakatA hai aura anikAcita bandhavAlA bhii| yadi nikAcita bandhavAlA hogA to pUrvokta prakAra se na apakarSaNa hI hogA aura na udIraNA hii| aura yadi anikAcita bandhavAlA hogA to pUrvokta prakAra se apakarSaNa aura udIraNA donoM bana jaayeNge| hara hAlata meM Ayu anapavartya hI rahegI itanA vizeSa hai| zaMkA-ina jIvoM kI bhujyamAna Ayu kisa prakAra anapavayaM hai yaha to samajha meM AyA para jisa paryAya meM isa Ayu kA bandha hotA hai usa paryAya meM bhI kyA yaha anapavayaM rahatI haiM ? ___ samAdhAna---yahA~ bhujyamAna zrAyu ke viSaya meM vyavasthA dI gaI hai vadhyamAna Ayu ke viSaya meM nhiiN| isaliye ukta jIvoM kI badhyamAna Ayu ghaTa bhI sakatI hai aura bar3ha bhI sakatI hai para jaba use deva, nAraka, caramazarIrI aura bhogabhUmiyA paryAya meM Akara bhogane lagate haiM taba usakA bar3hanA to sambhava hai hI nhiiN| ghaTanA sambhava hai, ataH isa sUtra dvArA isI bAta kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isa dvArA yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki nimitta ko pramukhatA se jaise anya jIvoM kI Ayu ghaTa jAtI hai usa prakAra ina jIvoM kI Ayu nahIM ghaTa sktii| sUtra meM 'uttama' zabda 'carama' zabda ke vizeSaNarUpa se AyA hai| jisase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki tadbhava mokSagAmI jIvoM kA zarIra uttama hI hotA hai| yadi uttama pada na rahe to bhI kAma cala jAtA hai / / 5 / /
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________________ tIsarA adhyAya dUsare adhyAya meM audayika bhAvoM ke ikkIsa bheda ginAte hue gati kI apekSA saMsArI jIvoM ke nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva ye cAra bheda ginAye haiN| yahA~ tIsare aura cauthe adhyAya meM unakA vizeSa varNana karanA hai| tIsare adhyAya meM nAraka, tithaMca aura manuSyoM kA varNana hai. aura cauthe meM mukhyatayA devoM kaa| nArakoM kA varNana ratnazarkarAvAlukApaGkadhU matamomahAtama prabhA bhUmayo ghanAmbuvAtAkAzapratiSThAH saptAdho'dhA // 1 // tAsu triMzatpaJcaviMzatipaJcadazadazatripaJconaikanarakazatasahasrANi paJca caiva yathAkramam // 2 // nArakA nityAzubhataralezyApariNAmadehavedanAvikriyAH // 3 // prsprodiiritduHkhaaH||4|| saMkliSTAsurodIritaduHkhAzca prok caturthyAH // 5 // teSvekatrisaptadazasaptadazadvAviMzatitrayastriMzatsAgaropamA sattvonAM parA sthitiH // 6 // ratnaprabhA, zarkarApramA, vAlukApramA, paGkaprabhA, dhUmaprabhA, tama:pramA aura mahAtamaHprabhA ye sAta bhUmiyAM haiM jo dhanAmbu, bAta aura prakAza ke AdhAra se sthita haiM tathA eka dUsare ke nIce haiN| (+) zvetAmbara pATha 'saptAdho'dha:' ke Age 'pRthutarAH' aura hai| ( ) zvetAmbara pATha tAsu triMzat' ityAdi sUtra ke sthAna meM kevala 'tAsu narakAH' itanA hai / tathA isase Age ke sUtra meM 'nArakA' itanA pATha nahIM hai|
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________________ * 3.1.-6.] loka vicAra 133 una bhUmiyoM meM kramazaH tIsa lAkha, paJcIsa lAgya, pandraha lAkha, dasa lAkha, tIna lAkha, pA~ca kaga eka lAkha aura kevala pAMca nAka haiN| ____nAraka nirantara azubhatara lezyA, pariNAma, deha, vedanA aura vikriyAvAle hote haiN| tathA paraspara utpanna kiye gaye duHkhavAle hote haiN| ___ aura cauthI bhUmi se pahale arthAt tIna bhUmiyoM taka saMkliSTa asuroM ke dvArA utpanna kiye gaye duHkhavAle bhI hote haiN| una narakoM meM rahanevAle jIvoM kI utkRSTa sthiti krama se eka, tIna, sAta, dasa, satraha. bAisa aura tetIsa sAgaropama hai| __ alokAkAza ke bIcoM-bIca lokAkAza hai| jo akRtrima, anAdinidhana, svabhAva se nirmita aura chaha drabyoM se vyApta hai| yaha uttara . dakSiNa sarvatra sAta rAju lambA hai| pUrva pazcima nIce loka kA vicAra bAra sAta rAju caur3A hai| phira donoM ora se ghaTate-ghaTate sAta rAju kI U~cAI para eka rAju caur3A hai| phira donoM ora bar3hatebar3hate sAr3he dasa rAju kI U~cAI para pA~ca rAju caur3A hai| phira donoM ora ghaTate-ghaTate caudaha rAju kI U~cAI para eka rAju caur3A hai| pUrva pazcima kI ora se dekhane para loka kA AkAra kaTi para donoM hAtha rakhakara aura pairoM ko phailA kara khar3e hue manuSya ke samAna prApta hotA hai| jisase adhobhAga veta kI zrAsana ke samAna, madhya bhAga jhAlara ke samAna aura Urdhva bhAga mRdaMga ke samAna dikhAI detA hai| yaha loka tIna bhAgoM meM baTA huA hai-adholoka, madhyaloka aura Urdhvaloka / madhyaloka ke bIcoMbIca meru parvata hai jo eka lAkha cAlIsa yojana U~cA hai / usake nIce kA bhAga adholoka, Upara kA bhAga avaloka aura barAbara rekhA meM tirachA phailA huA madhyaloka kahalAtA hai| madhyalokakA tirachA vistAra adhika hai isaliye ise tiryagloka bhI kahate haiN|
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________________ 134 tattvArthasUtra [ 3. 1.-6. . ukta kathana ke anusAra loka kA jo AkAra prApta hotA hai vaha isa prakAra hai bhI bAjU kA hissA 3 rAju 3rAju
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________________ 3. 1.-6.] loka vicAra 135 yaha sAmAnya loka kA citra hai / isake bIcoMbIca eka rAju lambI va caur3I aura caudaha rAju U~cI trasanAlI hai| kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara trasa jIva kevala isI meM pAye jAte haiM isaliye ise sanAlI kahate haiN| adholoka kA citra isa prakAra hai| bIca meM khar3I lakIra isake do bhAga karane ke liye dI gaI hai isameM uttara dakSiNa kI bAjU nahIM dikhAI gaI hai, kyoMki vaha sarvatra sAta rAju hai| kevala pUrva pazcima kI bAjU dikhAI gaI hai| yaha - nIce sAta rAju aura krama se ghaTate ghaTate sAta rAju apAlA vicAra kI U~cAI para eka rAju haiN| isakA ghanaphala 196 dhanarAju hai| lambI, caur3I va U~cI trikoNa vastu kA dhana phala lAne kA krama yaha hai___ pahale mukha aura bhUmiko jor3a kara ise AdhA kre| phira U~cAI se guNA karake muTAI se guNA kre| aisA karane se kisI bhI koNavAlI vastu kA ghanaphala A jAtA hai|
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________________ 136 tattvArthasUtra [3. 1.-6. cUMki adholoka kA mukha eka rAju aura bhUmi sAta rAju hai ataH isakA jor3a ATha huaa| phira ise AdhA karake kramase U~cAI va va muTAI sAta sAta rAju se guNA karane para 196 ghanarAju A jAte haiN| yaha adholoka kA ghana phala hai| samIkaraNa vidhi jaisA ki apara nirdeza kara Aye haiM tadanusAra adholoka ke citra meM jahA~ bIca meM khar3I lakIra dI hai vahAM se isake do bhAga karake donoM bhAgoM ko ulaTa kara milAne para usakA citra isa prakAra prApta hotA hai na emurenamman yaha cAra rAju caur3A, sAta rAju U~cA aura sAta rAju moTA hai| citra meM muTAI nahIM dikhAI gaI hai kevala caur3AI aura UMcAI dikhAI gaI hai| isa AkAra meM prApta vastu kI UMcAI yA lambAI, caur3AI aura
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________________ 3. 1.-6.] loka vicAra 137 muTAI ke paraspara guNA kara dene se hI usakA dhanaphala pA jAtA hai| cUMki isakI U~cAI aura muTAI sAta sAta rAju aura caur3AI cAra rAju hai, ataH inake paraspara guNA karane se 196 ghanarAju prApta hote haiN| adholoka kA ghanaphala bhI itanA hI hai| arva loka kA AkAra isa prakAra hai| isake madhya meM donoM bAjuoM kI ora khar3I huI do lakIreM samIkaraNa karane ke liye dI haiN| - isameM bhI pUrva pazcima kI bAjU dikhAI gaI hai uttara dakSiNa kI bAjU nahIM dikhAI gaI hai| yaha madhya meM pA~ca rAju aura nIce va Upara eka eka rAju hai ataH madhya se isake do hisse karake donoM kA alaga alaga ghanaphala lA kara jor3a dene para Urva loka kA kula ghanaphala A jAtA hai jo 157 ghanarAju hotA hai| ghanaphala lAne kA krama vahI hai jo adholoka kA ghanaphala lAne ke prasaMga se de Aye haiN| yaha loka ke Upara kA hissA hone se Urdhvaloka kahalAtA hai / isase adholoka loka ke nIce kA hissA kahalAtA hai yaha apane Apa phalita ho jAtA hai|
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________________ 138 tattvArthasUtra [3. 1.-6. samIkaraNa vidhi adholoka ke samAna isakA bhI samIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu isakA AkAra nIce va Upara choTA aura madhya meM bar3A hai isaliye madhya ke donoM bAjuoM ke samIkaraNa ke anurUpa hissoM ko kATa kara nIce va Upara donoM ora jor3a dene para pUrva va pazcima arva loka kA AkAra Ayata catuSka prApta ho jAtA hai / yathA Hottarakhan u maoMONANESH isa prakAra samIkaraNa karane para isakA pramANa tIna rAju caur3A, sAta rAju UMcA aura sAta rAju moTA prApta hotA hai| jisakA ghanaphala eka sau saiMtAlIsa dhanarAju hotA hai| citra meM muTAI nahIM dikhAI gaI hai kevala caur3AI aura UMcAI dikhAI gaI hai| ye donoM milAkara eka loka hotA hai| madhya loka kA pramANa arva loka ke pramANa meM hI sammilita hai, isaliye yahAM usakA alaga se nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai|
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________________ 3. 1.-6.] loka vicAra anyatra loka kA pramANa jagazreNi ke dhana pramANa batalAyA hai so isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki samIkaraNa karane para pahale jo adholoka ko caur3AI cAra rAju aura Urdhva loka kI caur3AI tIna rAju batalA Aye haiM ina donoM ko saMyukta kara dene para sAta rAju ho jAte haiN| tathA ina donoM kI UMcAI aura moTAI to sAta rAju hai hI, isaliye ukta kathana bana jAtA hai| samIkRta adholoka aura Urdhvaloka ko saMyukta karane para jo AkAra prApta hotA hai vaha nimna prakAra hai amanaramatmeMomen TRAINERahWTjamA isameM adholoka aura Urdhvaloka mile hue spaSTa pratibhAsita hote haiN| yaha citra naM03 aura 5 ko milAkara banAyA gayA hai| ina donoM ko milA dene para caur3AI mAta rAju ho jAtI hai| UMcAI aura moTAI to itanI hai ho| kintu isameM moTAI nahIM dikhAI gaI hai| kevala UMcAI aura caur3AI dikhAI gaI hai| pahale adholoka kA dhanaphala 196 ghana rAju aura Urdhvaloka kA
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________________ 140 tattvArthasUtra [3.1-6. ghanaphala 147 ghana rAju batalA Aye haiN| ina donoM ko milAne para 343 ghana rAju hote haiN| citra naM0 6 ke anusAra bhI yaha ghanaphala itanA ho prApta hotA haiN| isI se loka kA pramANa jagazreNi ke dhanapramANa batalAyA hai| zaMkA-ghanaphala kise kahate haiM ? samAdhAna-jisameM kSetra kI U~cAI, moTAI aura caur3AI tInoM kA pramANa sammilita rahatA hai use ghanaphala kahate haiN| zaMkA-rAju kA pramANa kitanA hai ? samAdhAna--asaMkhyAta yojana / zaMkA-aura jagazreNi kA pramANa ? samAdhAna-sAta rAju / yahA~ taka loka aura usake avAntara bhedoM kI sAmAnya carcA kii| aba yaha dekhanA hai ki Akhira isa loka meM hai kyA ? isI prazna kA uttara dene ke liye tattvArthasUtra ke tIsare aura cauthe adhyAya kI racanA huI hai| tIsare adhyAya meM adholoka aura madhya loka kI racanA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| adholoka meM sAta pRthiviyAM haiM jinameM nArakI jIva rahate haiN| madhya loka meM dvIpa aura samudroM ke Azraya se manuSya aura tithaMca pAye jAte haiM / Urdhvaloka meM deva rahate haiN| bhavanatrika deva madhyaloka aura adholoka meM bhI rahate haiN| ekendriya jIva saba loka meM sarvatra rahate haiN| kintu itanI vizeSatA hai ki trasa jIva trasanAlI meM hI rahate haiN| ___ yaha loka tIna vAtavalayoM ke Azraya se sthita hai| krama isa prakAra hai-loka ghanodadhi bAtavalaya ke Azraya se sthita hai| dhanodadhi vAtavalaya dhanavAtavalaya ke prAzraya se sthita hai| ghanavAtavalaya tanuvAtavalaya ke Azraya se sthita hai| tanuvAtavalaya AkAza ke Azraya se sthita hai| aura AkAza svapratiSTha hai| use anya Azraya kI AvazyakatA nhiiN|
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________________ 3. 1.-6.] loka vicAra 141 isI bhAva ko dikhAnevAlA loka kA citra nimna prakAra hai--- rastA pramA dvArA pramA vAlukApramA paMka prasA 180000 yojana 32000 yojana 128000 sojana 12.4000 yojana 12.0000 yojana 196000 yojala Tojana vahAramA pramA paricaya isa prakAra hai (1) loka ke cAroM tarapha jo tIna lakIreM dI hai ve tIna vAtavalayoM kI paricAyaka haiN|
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [3. 1.-6. (2) loka ke madhya meM eka rAju ke antara se nIce se Upara taka khar3I huI do rekhAeM dI haiM ve vapanAlo kI paricAyaka haiN| yaha eka rAju lambI, eka rAju caur3I aura caudaha rAju UMcI hai| trasa jIva isI meM rahate haiN| (3) adholoka meM jo sAta Dabala rekhAeM dI haiM ve sAta pRthiviyoM kI paricAyaka hai| (4) madhyaloka pahalI pRthivI ke pRSTha bhAga para hai| (5) Urdhvaloka meM 1 se lekara jo 16 taka aGka diye haiM ve solaha svargoM ke sUcaka haiM / Age nau graiveyaka Adi haiN| ___ ina saba bAtoM kA vizeSa varNana yathAsthAna kiyA hI gayA hai isa. liye ise chor3a kara aba kramaprApta adholoka kA varNana karate haiN| adholoka kA vizeSa varNana kula bhUmiyA~ ATha haiN| inameM se sAta adholoka meM aura eka Urdhvaloka meM hai / ye sAtoM bhUmiyA~ uttarottara nIce nIce haiN| para Apasa meM bhir3akara nahIM haiM kintu eka dUsare ke bIca meM asaMkhya yojanoM kA antara hai| pahalI bhUmi kA nAma ratnaprabhA hai| yaha eka lAkha assI hajAra yojana moTI hai| dUsarI bhUmi kA nAma zakarAprabhA hai| yaha battIsa hajAra yojana moTI hai| tIsarI bhUmi kA nAma bAlukAprabhA hai| yaha bhUmiyoM ke nAma aTThAIsa hajAra yojana moTI hai| cauthI bhUmi kA nAma """ paGkaprabhA hai| yaha caubIsa hajAra yojana moTI hai| pA~cI bhUmi kA nAma dhUmaprabhA hai / yaha bIsa hajAra yojana moTI hai| chaThI bhUmi kA nAma tamaHprabhA hai / yaha solaha hajAra yojana moTI hai aura sAtavI bhUmi kA nAma mahAtamaHprabhA haiM / yaha ATha hajAra yojana moTI hai| ye sAtoM nAma guNanAma haiN| arthAt jisa bhUmi kA jo nAma hai usake anusAra usakI kAnti hai| dhammA, vaMzA, meghA, aJjanA, ariSTA,
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________________ 3. 1.-6.] adholoka kA vizeSa varmana 143 maghavI aura mAdhavI ye inake rauDhika nAma hai| ye sAtoM bhUmiyA~ dhanodadhi, dhanavAta, tanuvAta aura AkAza ke AdhAra se sthita haiN| arthAt pratyeka pRthivI ghanodadhi ke AdhAra se sthita hai| dhanodadhi dhanavAta ke AdhAra se sthita hai| dhanavAta tanuvAta ke AdhAra se sthita hai aura tanuvAta AkAza ke AdhAra se sthita hai| kintu AkAza kisI ke AdhAra se sthita nahIM hai, vaha svapratiSTha hai // 1 // ratnaprabhA ke tIna bhAga haiM-kharabhAga, paGkabhAga aura abbahulabhAga / kharabhAga sabase Upara hai| isameM ratnoM kI bahutAyata hai aura yaha solaha hajAra yojana moTA hai| dUsarA paGkabhAga hai| isakI moTAI caurAsI hajAra yojana hai| tathA tIsarA abbahulabhAga hai| isakI moTAI assI hajAra yojana hai| __inameM se ratnaprabhA ke prathama aura dvitIya ina do bhAgoM meM nArakanArakiyoM ke rahane ke AvAsa nahIM haiM tIsare meM haiN| isa prakAra prathama bhUmi ke tIsare bhAga kI aura zeSa chaha bhUmiyoM kI jitanI jitanI modAI batalAI hai usameM se Upara aura nIce eka eka hajAra yojana bhUmi ko chor3akara bAkI ke madhya bhAga meM nArakiyoM ke AvAsa hai| inakA AkAra vividha prakAra kA hai| koI gola haiM, koI trikoNa haiM aura koI caukona haiM Adi / prathama bhUmi meM tIsa narakAvAsa va lAda, dUsarI meM paccIsa lAkha, tIsarI meM pandraha lAkha, paTala cauthI meM dasa lAkha, pA~cavIM meM tIna lAkha, chaThI meM pA~ca kama eka lAkha aura sAtavIM meM sirpha pA~ca narakAvAsa haiN| ye sabake saba bhUmi ke bhItara haiM aura paTaloM meM baTe hue haiN| prathama bhUmi meM teraha paTala haiM aura Age kI bhUmiyoM meM do do paTala kama hote gaye haiN| sAtavIM bhUmi meM kevala eka paTala hai| jisa prakAra eka stara para dUsarA stara jamA dete haiM usI prakAra ye paTala haiN| eka paTala dUsare paTala se saTA huA hai| ina paTaloM meM jo naraka batalA Aye haiM unameM nAraka
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [3. 1.-6. rahate haiN| narakoM meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa ye nAraka kahalAte haiM // 2 // inakI lezyA, pariNAma, deha, bedanA aura vikriyA uttarottara azubha azubha hotI hai / ratnaprabhA meM kApota lezyA hai| zarkarA prabhA meM . kApota hai para ratnaprabhA kI kApota lezyA se adhika lezyA " azubha hai| vAlukA prabhA meM kApota aura nIla lezyA hai| paGkaprabhA meM nIla hai |dhuum prabhA meM nIla aura kRSNa lezyA hai| tamaH prabhA meM kRSNa lezyA hai aura mahAtamaH prabhA meM parama kRSNa lezyA hai| ye lezyAe~ uttarottara azubha azubha haiN| yadyapi ye antarmuhUrta meM badalatI rahatI haiM para jahA~ jisa lezyA ke jitane aMza batalAye haiM unhIM ke bhItara parivartana hotA hai| nArakI lezyA se lezyAntara ko nahIM prApta hote / jahA~ do lezyAe~ batalAI haiN| vahA~ Upara ke bhAga meM prathama aura nIce ke bhAga meM dUsarI lezyA jAnanA cAhiye / zarIra kA raMga to ina saba kA kRSNa hI hai| pariNAma se yahAM pudgaloM kA sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa aura zabdarUpa pariNamana liyA gayA hai| ye sAtoM narakoM meM uttaropariNAma ttara tIvra duHkha ke kAraNa aura azubhatara haiN| sAtoM narakoM ke nArakoM ke zarIra azubha nAma karma ke udaya se hone ke kAraNa uttarottara azubha haiN| unakI vikRta deha AkRti hai, huMDa saMsthAna hai aura dekhane meM bure lagate haiN| prathama bhUmi meM unakI U~cAI sAta dhanuSa, tIna hAtha aura chaha aMgula hai / tathA dvitIyAdi bhUmiyoM meM uttarottara dUnI dUnI hai| nArakoM ke sadA asAtA vedanIya kA hI udya rahatA hai aura vahA~ vedanA ke bAhya nimitta zIta aura uSNatA kI uttarottara ati tIvratA hai jisase unheM uttarottara tIvra vedanA hotI hai| prathama " cAra bhUmiyoM meM uttarottara uSNatA kI pracuratA hai| pA~cavIM bhUmi meM Upara ke do lAkha narakoM meM uSNatA hai tathA zeSa meM / vedanA
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________________ 3. 1-6.] adholoka kA vizeSa varNana 145 aura chaThI aura sAtavIM bhUmi meM uttarottara zIta kI bahulatA hai| ina narakoM meM yaha zIta aura uSNa itanA pracura hai ki yadi meru ke barAbara lohe kA golA uSNa narakoM meM DAlA jAya to vahA~ kI garamI se vaha eka kSaNa meM pighala jAya aura usa pighale hue garama lohe ko yadi zIta narakoM meM DAlA jAMya lo vahA~ kI ThaNDI se vaha eka kSaNa meM jama jaay| unakI vikriyA bhI uttarottara azubha hotI hai| ve acchA karane kA vicAra karate haiM para hotA hai buraa| yadi vikriyA vikriyA pAyA se zubha banAnA cAhate haiM to bana jAtA hai azubha // 3 // nArakiyoM ko zIta uSNa kI vedanA to hai hii| para bhUkha pyAsa kI vedanA bhI kucha kama nahIM hai| saba kA bhojana yadi eka nArakI ko mila jAya to bhI usakI bhUkha na jAya / / yahI bAta pyAsa kI hai| kitanA bhI pAnI pIne ko kyoM na mila jAya usase unakI pyAsa bujhane kI nahIM ? ___ Apasa meM bhI ve eka dUsare ke baira kI yAda karake kuttoM ke samAna lar3ate haiN| pUrva bhava kA smaraNa karake unakI vaha vaira kI gAMTha aura dRr3hatara ho jAtI hai jisase ve apanI vikriyA se " taravAra, vasUlA, pharasA aura barachI Adi banA kara unase tathA apane hAtha, pAMva aura dAMtoM se chedanA, bhedanA, chIlanA aura kATanA Adi ke dvArA paraspara ati tIvra duHkha ko utpanna karate haiM // 4 // yaha kSetra janya aura paraspara janya duHkha hai| isake atirikta unheM eka tIsare prakAra kA duHkha aura hotA hai yaha ambAvarISa jAti ke asuroM dvArA utpanna kiyA jAtA hai| pahale do prakAra ke dukha sAtoM bhUmiyoM meM haiM parantu yaha tIsare prakAra kA duHkha prArambha kI tIna bhUmiyoM meM hI hai kyoMki ina asurakumAra devoM kA gamanAgamana yahIM taka pAyA jAtA hai| ye svabhAva se hI nirdayI hote haiN| aneka sukha sAdhanoM ke tIna praka
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [3. 1-6. rahate hue bhI inheM paraspara nArakiyoM ke lar3Ane meM hI Ananda AtA hai| jaba ve nArakI inake izAre para apanA apanA vaira citAra kara Apasa meM lar3ane lagate haiM, mArane pITane lagate haiM to ye bar3e prasanna hote haiN| isa prakAra mAra kATa meM aura usase utpanna hue rakha ke sahana karane meM nArakoM kA jIvana vyatIta ho jAtA hai| ve bIca meM usase chuTakArA nahIM pA sakate, kyoMki unakA akAla maraNa nahIM hotA // 5 // cAroM gatiyoM ke jIvoM kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa Ayu batalAI hai| apanI apanI gati meM jisase kama na pAI jA sake vaha jaghanya Ayu hai aura jisase adhika na pAI jA sake vaha utkRSTa nArakA kA AI Ayu hai| nArakiyoM kI jaghanya Ayu kA kathana Age kareMge yahA~ utkRSTha Ayu batalAI gaI hai / pahalI meM eka, dUsarI meM tIna, tIsarI meM sAta, cauthI meM dasa, pA~cavIM meM satraha, chaThI meM bAIsa aura sAtavIM meM tetIsa sAgaropama utkRSTa sthiti hai // 6 // yahAM taka sUtrAnusAra saMkSepa meM adholoka kA kathana samApta huA kintu prasaMgAnusAra yahAM gati aura Agati kA kathana kara denA bhI Avazyaka hai| sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki tithaMca aura manuSya hI narakoM meM utpanna hote hai| deva aura nAraka narakoM meM nahIM utpanna hote / usameM bhI ra asaMjJI jIva pahalI bhUmi taka, sarIsRpa dUsarI taka, - pakSI tIsarI taka, sarpa cauthI taka, siMha pAMcarvI taka, khI chaThI taka tathA matsya aura manuSya sAtavIM taka jA sakate haiN| __ nAraka marakara niyama se karmabhUmi ke garbhaja tiryaMca aura manuSya hI hote haiN| usameM bhI prathama tIna bhUmiyoM ke nAraka marakara tIrthakara bhI ho sakate haiN| cauthI bhUmi taka ke nAraka manuSya zrAgati hokara nirvANa bhI pA sakate haiN| pA~cavIM bhUmi taka ke nAraka marakara dUsarI paryAya meM saMyamAsaMyama aura saMyama ko bhI prApta kara sakate haiN| chaThI bhUmi taka ke nAraka marakara
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________________ 3. 1.-6.] adholoka kA vizeSa varNana 147 dUsarI paryAya meM saMyamAsaMyama ko bhI prApta kara sakate haiM aura sAtavIM bhUmi ke nAraka marakara niyama se tiryaMca hI hote haiN| tiryaMcoM meM utpanna hokara bhI ve niyama se mithyASTi hI rahate haiN| usa paryAya meM samyaktva aura samyagmithyAtva Adi kisI guNa ko nahIM prApta ho skte| narakagati se Akara koI bhI jIva baladeva, vAsudeva aura cakravartI nahIM hotaa| jaisA ki pahale batalA Aye haiM nIce kI sAta bhUmiyoM meM pahalI bhUmikA nAma ratnaprabhA hai| isake tIna bhAgoM meM se pahale bhAga ke pRSTha para madhya loka kI racanA hai| dvIpa, samudra, parvata, nArakoM meM zeSa sarovara, gA~va, nadI, vRkSa, latA Adi saba madhyaloka jIvoM va dvIpa samudra meM hI pAye jAte haiN| vikalendriya, paMcendriya tiryaca zrAdi kA kahA~ va manuSya bhI madhyaloka meM hI pAye jAte haiN| isa kisa prakAra saMbhava liye inakA sadbhAva pahalI pRthivI ke sivA zeSa hai isakA khulAsA chaha bhUmiyoM meM nahIM hai| bhavanavAsI aura vyantara devoM ke AvAsa bhI pahalI pRthivI meM hI bane hue haiM, isaliye ye bhI pahalI pRthivI ke sivA anyatra nahIM pAye jaate| yaha sAmAnya niyama hai kintu isake kucha apavAda haiM / jo nimna prakAra haiM (1) deva tIsare naraka taka jA A sakate haiM isaliye ye tIsare naraka taka pAye jAte haiN| (2) manuSya kevala aura mAraNAntika samuddhAtakI apekSA sAtoM bhUmiyoM meM pAye jAte haiN| kintu ye upapAda pada kI apekSA chaha bhUmiyoM meM hI pAye jAte haiM kyoMki sAtaveM naraka kA jIva marakara manuSya nahIM hotaa| (3) saMjJI paMcendriya garbhaja tithaMca upapAda pada kI apekSA sAtoM bhUmiyoM meM pAye jAte haiM, kyoMki sAtoM bhUmiyoM ke nArakI bharakara saMjJI paMcendriya garbhaja tithaMca ho sakate haiN| usameM bhI sAtavIM bhUmi kA nArakI to niyama se saMjJI paMcendriya garbhaja tiryaMca hI hotA hai|
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________________ 148 tattvArthasUtra [3. 7.8 (4) saMjJI paMcendriya sammUrchana tithaMca mAraNAntika pada kI apekSA sAtoM bhUmiyoM meM pAye jAte haiM, kyoMki ye marakara sAtoM narakoM meM utpanna ho sakate haiN| (5) asaMjJI paMcendriya tiryaMca mAraNAntika pada kI apekSA pahalI pRthivI taka pAye jAte haiM, kyoMki ye marakara pahale naraka meM hI utpanna ho sakate haiN| ___ madhyaloka kA varNana jambUdvIpalavaNodAdayaH zubhanAmAno dvIpasamudrAH // 7 // dvirdvi viSkambhAH pUrvapUrvaparikSepiNo valayAkRtayaH // 8 // jambUdvIpa Adi zubha nAmavAle dvIpa aura lavaNoda Adi zubha nAmavAle samudra haiN| ve sabhI dvIpa aura samudra dUne-dUne vistAravAle, pUrva pUrva ko veSThita karanevAle aura valaya-cUr3I jaisI AkRtivAle haiN| ____madhya meM yaha loka uttara-dakSiNa sAta rAjU aura pUrva-pazcima eka rAjU hai / tathApi isakA AkAra jhAlara ke samAna batalAyA hai jo dvIpa aura samudroM ke AkAra kI pradhAnatA se kahA gayA dvIpa aura samudra hai| ye sabake saba dvIpa aura samudra madhyaloka meM hI haiM jo asaMkhyAta saMkhyAvAle haiN| ve sabake saba dvIpa aura usake bAda samudra, phira dvIpa aura usake bAda samudra isa krama se sthita haiN| prathama dvIpa kA nAma jambUdvIpa aura samudra kA nAma lavaNa samudra haiM / / 7 // yahA~ dvIpoM aura samudroM ke viSaya meM vyAsa, racanA aura AkAra ina tIna bAtoM kA jAnanA mukhya hai jinakA nirdeza isa sUtra meM kiyA hai| isa sUtra se anya dvIpa samudroM kA vyAsa, racanA va AkAra to
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________________ 3. 9-23.] jambUdvIpa meM kSetra Adi kA varNana 149 jAnA jAtA hai para jambUdvIpa kA vyAsa, racanA va AkAra nahIM jJAta hotaa| yaha agale sUtra meM batalAyA hai| jambUdvIpa vyAsa thAlI ke samAna gola hai isaliye usakA uttara dakSiNa aura pUrva-pazcima eka samAna vyAsa hai jo eka lAkha yojana hai| isase lavaNa samudra kA vyAsa dUnA hai| isI prakAra Age ke dvIpa aura samudroM kA vyAsa uttarottara dUnA-dUnA hai| anta taka vistAra kA yahI krama calA gayA hai| anta meM svayaMbhUramaNa dvIpa ko veSThita kiye hue svayaMbhUramaNa samudra hai| yahA~ svayaMbhUramaNa dvIpa kA vyAsa apane pUrvavartI samudra ke vyAsa se dUnA hai aura svayaMbhUramaNa dvIpa ke vyAsa se svayaMbhUramaNa samudra kA vyAsa dUnA hai| __jambUdvIpa ko chor3akara zeSa saba dvIpoM aura samudroM kI racanA cUr3I ke samAna hai| jaise hAtha ko ghera kara cUr3I sthita rahatI hai vaise hI jambUdvIpa ko gherakara lavaNa samudra sthita hai| lavaNa racanA va AhAta samada ko gherakara dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa sthita hai| isI prakAra antataka yaho krama calA gayA hai / / 8 // ___jambUdvIpa aura usameM sthita kSetra, parvata aura nadI zrAdi kA vistAra se varNana___ tanmadhye merunAbhivRtto yojanazatasahasraviSkambho jambUdvIpaH // 9 // bharatahaimavataharivideharamyakahairaNyavatairAvatavarSA kssetraanni|10| tadvibhAjinaH pUrvAparAyatA himavanmahAhimavaniSadhanIla rukmizikhariNo varSadharaparvatAH // 11 // * hemArjunatapanIyavaiDUryarajatahemamayAH // 12 // * zvetAmbara tatvArthasUtra meM isake prArambha meM 'tatra' pada adhika hai|
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________________ 150 tattvArthasUtra [3.9-23. . maNivicitrapAGa upari mUle ca tulyavistArAH // 13 // padmamahApadmatigicchakezarimahApuNDarIkapuNDarIkA hRdAsteSAmupari / / 14 // prathamo yojanasahasrAyAmastadaIviSkambho hRdH||15|| dshyojnaavgaahH||16|| tanmadhye yojanaM puSkaram // 17 // tadviguNadviguNA hRdA puSkaroNi ca // 18 // tannivAsinyo devyaH zrIhIdhRtikIrtibuddhilakSmyaH palyopamasthitayaH sasAmAnikapariSatkAH // 19 // gaGgAsindhurohidrohitAsyAhariddharikAntAsItAsItodAnArInarakAntAsuvarNarUpyakUlAraktAraktodAH sritstnmdhygaaH||20|| dvayodvayoH pUrvAH pUrvagAH // 21 // shessaastvprgaaH||22|| caturdazanadIsahastraparivRtA gaGgAsindhvAdayo nadyaH // 23 // una saba dvIpa samudroM ke bIca meM jambUdvIpa hai jisake bIca meM meru parvata hai, jo gola hai aura eka lAkha yojana viSkambhavAlA hai| isa jambUdvIpa meM bharatavarSa, haimavata varSa, hari varSa, videha varSa, ramyaka varSa, hairaNyavata varSa aura airAvata varSa ye sAta kSetra haiN| una kSetroM ko judA karane vAle aura pUrva-pazcima lambe aise himavAn * zvetAmbara paramparA ne 12 veM se 32 veM taka ke sUtroM ko sUtra mAnane se asvIkAra kara diyA hai|
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________________ 3.9-23.] jambUdvIpa meM kSetra Adi kA varNana 151 mahAhimavAn , niSadha, nIla, rukmI aura zikharI ye chaha varSadhara parvata haiN| __ ye chahoM parvata krama se sonA, cAMdI, tapAyA huA sonA, vaiDUrya maNi, cAMdI aura sonA inake samAna raMgavAle haiN| ye maNiyoM se vicitra pAvavAle tathA Upara aura mUla meM samAna vistAra vAle haiN| inake Upara krama se padma, mahApA, tigibcha, kezarI, mahApuNDarIka aura puNDarIka ye chaha hrada haiN| prathama hada eka hajAra yojana lambA aura usase AdhA caur3A hai| tathA dasa yojana gaharA hai| isake bIca meM eka yojana kA puSkara-kamala hai| zeSa hada aura unake puSkara isase dUne dUne haiN| una puSkaroM meM nivAsa karanevAlI zrI, hrI, dhRti, kIrti, buddhi aura lakSmI ye chaha deviyAM haiM jo eka palya kI AyuvAlI aura sAmAnika tathA pAriSada devoM ke sAtha nivAsa karatI haiN| __una sAta kSetroM ke madhya meM se gaGgA-sindhu, rohita-rohitAsyA, harit-harikAntA, sItA-sItodA, nArI-narakAntA, suvarNakUlA-rUpyakUlA aura raktA-raktodA ye saritAe~ bahatI haiN| do do nadiyoM meM pUrva pUrva nadI pUrva samudra kI gaI haiN| zeSa nadiyAM pazcima samudra ko gaI haiN| gaGgA-sindhu Adi nadiyA~ caudaha hajAra nadiyoM se veSThita haiN| saba dvIpa-samudroM ke bIca meM jambUdvIpa hai| isake bIca meM aura dUsarA dvIpa nahIM hai| yadyapi gola to saba dvIpa aura samudra haiM para ve ra saba valaya ke samAna haiM aura yaha thAlI ke samAna jambUdvIpa gola hai| pUrva se pazcima taka yA uttara se dakSiNa taka isakA vistAra eka lAkha yojana hai| isake ThIka bIca meM meru parvata hai
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________________ 152 tattvArthasUtra [3. 9.-2. jo eka lAkha yojana kA hai| isameM se eka hajAra yojana jamIna meM hai| alAvA isake cAlIsa yojana kI coTI aura hai| isase meru parvata kI / kula U~cAI eka lAkha cAlIsa yojana ho jAtI hai| - jamIna para prArambha meM meru parvata kA vistAra dasa hajAra yojana hai Upara krama se ghaTatA gayA hai| jisa hisAba se Upara ghaTA hai usI hisAba se jamIna ke bhItara vistAra bar3hatA gayA hai| meru parvata ke tIna kANDa hai| pahalA kANDa jamIna se pA~ca sau yojana kA dUsarA sAr3he bAsaTha hajAra yojana kA aura tIsarA chattIsa hajAra yojana kA hai| pratyeka kANDa ke anta meM eka eka kaTanI hai jisakA vistAra pA~ca sau yojana hai| kevala antima kaTanI kA vistAra chaha yojana kama hai| eka jamIna para aura tIna meru parvata para isa prakAra yaha cAra banoM se ghirA huA hai| ina vanoM ke krama se bhadrasAla, nandana, saumanasa aura pANDuka ye nAma haiN| pahalI aura dUsarI kaTanI ke bAda gyAraha hajAra yojana taka meru parvata sIdhA gayA hai phira kramazaH ghaTane lagatA hai| meru parvata ke cAroM banoM meM solaha akRtrima caityAlaya haiM aura pANDuka vana ke cAroM dizAoM meM cAra pANDuka zilAe~ haiN| jina para usa usa dizA ke kSetroM meM utpanna hue tIrthaGkaroM kA abhiSeka hotA hai / isakA raMga pIlA hai // 9 // ____jambUdvIpa meM mukhyatayA sAta kSetra haiM jo unake bIca meM par3e hue chaha parvatoM se vibhakta haiN| ye parvata varSadhara kahalAte haiM ye sabhI pUrva se . pazcima taka lambe haiN| pahalA kSetra bhAratavarSa hai jo kSetra aura parvata bhArata dakSiNa meM hai| isase uttara meM haimavatavarSa hai| ina donoM kA vibhAga karanevAlA pahalA himavAn parvata hai| tIsarA kSetra harivarSa hai jo haimavatavarSa ke uttara meM hai| ina donoM kA vibhAga karanevAlA dUsarA mahAhimavAn parvata hai| cauthA kSetra videhavarSa hai jo harivarSa ke uttara meM hai| ina donoM kA vibhAga karanevAlA niSadha
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________________ parvatoM ka 3. 9-23.] jambUdvIpa meM kSetroM Adi kA varNana 153 parvata hai| pA~cavA~ kSetra ramyakavarSa hai jo videhavarSa ke uttara meM hai| ina donoM kA vibhAga karanevAlA nIlaparvata hai| chaThA kSetra hairaNyavatavarSa hai jo ramyakavarSa ke uttara meM hai| ina donoM kA vibhAga karanevAlA rukmIparvata hai| tathA sAtavA~ kSetra airAvatavarSa hai jo hairaNyavatavarSa ke uttara meM hai| ina donoM kSetroM ko vibhakta karanevAlA zikharI parvata hai / / 10-11 // ____ ukta chahoM parvatoM kA raMga kramazaH sonA, cA~dI, tapAyA huA sonA, vaiDUrya maNi, cA~dI aura sonA inake samAna hai| arthAt dUra se dekhane ... para ye chahoM parvata ukta raMgavAle pratIta hote haiN| ina aura vistAra - sabhI parvatoM ke pArzva bhAga meM aneka prakAra ke maNi - pAye jAte hai jinase unakI zobhA aura bhI bar3ha gaI hai / inakA vistAra mUla se lekara Upara taka bhIta ke samAna eka sarIkhA hai, kamI adhika nahIM / / 12-13 // ina himavAn Adi chahoM parvatoM ke Upara krama se padma, mahApadma, tigiMcha, kesarI, mahApuNDarIka aura puNDarIka ye chaha tAlAba hai jinheM __ hrada kahate haiN| jinameM se pahalA tAlAba eka hajAra tAlAba yojana lambA, pA~ca sau yojana caur3A aura dasa tAlAba kI lambAI bAi yojana gaharA hai| ina saba tAlAboM ke tala vajramaya zrAdi haiM aura ye svaccha jala se pUrita haiM / / 14-16 // prathama tAlAba ke madhya meM eka yojana kA puSkara-kamala hai / isakI karNikA do kosa kI aura pattA eka-eka kosa kA hai isase kamala eka yojana kA ho jAtA hai| yaha kamala jalatala se do kamaloM kA aura - kosa nikalA hai jo sabakA saba pattoM se paripUrNa tAlAboM kA vizeSa eka hai| yaha kamala pRthivImaya hai| alAvA isake parivarNana __ vAra kamala eka lAkha cAlIsa hajAra aura eka sau pacAsa haiM jinakA utsedha Adi mukhya kamala se AdhA hai| isI prakAra
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________________ 154 tattvArthasUtra [3. 9 -23. Age ke pA~coM tAlAboM meM bhI kamala haiN| Age ke ina tAlAboM aura kamaloM kI lambAI Adi dUnI-dUnI hai| para yaha dviguNatA tIsare tAlAba taka jAnanA caahie| Age ke tAlAba aura kamala dakSiNa dizA ke tAlAba aura kamaloM ke samAna haiM // 17-18 / / aba prazna yaha hai ki ve kamala kevala zobhA ke liye haiM yA unakA kucha upayoga bhI hai ? prastuta sUtra meM isI prazna kA uttara diyA gayA hai| usameM batalAyA hai ki una kamaloM meM krama se zrI, kamaloM meM nivAsa vA hrI, dhRti, kIrti, buddhi aura lakSmI ye chaha deviyA~ " rahatI haiN| jinakI Ayu eka palyopama hai| jaisA ki Upara batalA Aye haiM ina kamaloM ke parivAra kamala bhI haiM jinameM sAmAnika aura pariSada deva rahate haiM // 19 // ___ukta sAta kSetroM meM caudaha nadiyA~ vahIM haiN| jinameM se bhAratavarSa meM gaGgA aura sindhu, haimavata varSa meM rohita aura rohitAsyo, harivarSa meM harit aura harikAntA, videhavarSa meM sItA aura gaGgA Adi nadiyoM / sItodA, ramyakavarSa meM nArI aura bharakAntA, hairaNya. vatavarSa meM suvarNakUlA aura rUpyakUlA tathA airAvatavarSa meM raktA aura raktodA ye caudaha nadiyA~ vahI haiN| inameM se prathama, dvitIya aura cauthI nadiyA~ padmahada se nikalI haiN| tIsarI aura chaThI nadiyA~ mahApadmahada se nikalI haiN| pA~cavIM aura AThavI nadiyA~ tiginchahada se nikalI haiN| sAtavIM aura dasavIM nadiyA~ kesarIhrada se nikalI haiM, nauvIM aura bArahavIM nadiyA~ mahApuNDarIka hada se nikalI hai tathA gyArahavIM, terahavIM aura caudahavIM nadiyA~ puNDarIka hrada se nikalI haiM / pratyeka kSetra kI ina do do nadiyoM meM se pahalI-pahalI nadI pUrva samudra meM jA milI haiM aura dUsarI-dUsarI nadiyA~ bahakara pazcima samudra meM milI haiN| inameM se gaGgA aura sindhU kI caudaha-caudaha hajAra parivAra nadiyA~ haiN| Age sItA-sItodA taka dUnI-dUnI parivAra nadiyA~
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________________ 3. 27-34.] zeSa kathana 155 haiM aura isake Age anta taka parivAra nadiyA~ AdhI-AdhI hotI gaI haiM / / 20-23 // bharatAdi kSetroM kA vistAra aura vizeSa varNanabharataH SaDviMzatipaJcayojanazatavistAraH SaT caikonaviMzatibhAgA yojanasya // 24 // tadviguNadviguNavistArA varSadharavarSA videhAntAH // 25 // uttarA dakSiNatulyAH / / 26 / / bharatavarSa kA vistAra pA~ca sau chabbIsa yojana aura eka yojana kA chaha vaTe unnIsa bhAga hai| videhavarSa paryanta parvata aura kSetra isase dUne dUne vistAravAle haiN| uttara ke parvata aura kSetra Adi dakSiNa ke parvata aura kSetra Adi ke samAna haiN| jambUdvIpa meM bharatavarSa ke vistAra se himavAn parvata kA vistAra dUnA hai| himavAn parvata ke vistAra se haimavatavarSa kA vistAra dUnA hai| ... yaha dune dUne kA krama videhavarSa taka hai phira usake to Age parvatoM aura kSetroM kA vistAra AdhA-AdhA kA vistAra hai| isa hisAba se bharatavarSa kA vistAra pA~ca sau chabbIsa aura chaha vaTe unnIsa yojana prApta hotA hai| himavAn parvata kA vistAra isase dUnA hai| videha varSa taka vistAra isI prakAra dUnA dUnA hotA gayA hai| aura uttara dizA kA kula varNana dakSiNa dizA ke varNana ke samAna hai||24-26|| zeSa kathanabharatairAvatayoddhihAsau SaTsamayAbhyAmutsarpiNyavasarpiNIbhyAm // 27 // ra parvatoM
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________________ 156 tattvArtha sUtra 3. 27-34. tAbhyAmaparA bhUmayo'vasthitAH // 28 // ekadvitripanyopamasthitayo haimavatakahArivarSakadaivakuravakA:29 tathottarAH // 30 // videheSu saMkhyeyakAlAH // 31 // bharatasya viSkambho jambUdvIpasya navatizatabhAgaH // 32 // dvirdhAtakIkhaNDe // 33 // puSkarArdhe ca // 34 // bharatavarSa aura airAvata varSa meM utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI ke chaha samayoM dvArA vRddhi aura hrAsa hotA hai| inake sivA zeSa bhUmiyA~ avasthita haiN| haimavata, harivarSa aura devakuru ke prANiyoM kI sthiti krama se eka, do aura tIna palyopama hai| uttara ke kSetroM ke prANI dakSiNa ke kSetroM ke prANiyoM ke samAna haiN| videhoM meM saMkhyAtavarSa kI AyuvAle haiN| bharata kSetra kA vistAra jambUdvIpa kA eka sau navvevA~ bhAga hai| dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa meM parvatAdika jambUdvIpa se dUne haiN| puSkarAdha meM utane hI haiN| padArthoM ke parivartana karane meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva bar3e sahAyaka hote haiN| jaisA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kA nimitta milatA hai manakI dazA usI prakAra kI hone lagatI hai| kamo adhika pramANa meM yaha asara prAyaH sava jagaha dekhA jAtA hai| phira bhI kucha aise niyama haiM jinase kisI kSetra vizeSa meM jIvana krama meM bahuta adhika parivartana hotA huA dikhAI detA hai aura kahIM para usakA yatkiMcit
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________________ 3. 27.-34.] zeSa kathana bhI asara nahIM hotA hai| zAstroM meM jo kamabhUmi aura akarmabhUmi (bhogabhUmi) kA vibhAga dikhAI detA hai usakA kAraNa yahI hai| karmabhUmi yaha karma arthAt kartavya pradhAna kSetra hai| yahA~ jIvana meM acche aura bure jaise nimitta milate haiM unake anusAra vaha banatA aura vigar3hatA rahatA hai| karma binA phala diye kSaya ko nahIM prApta hotA isakA yaha artha nahIM ki karma kI rekhA nahIM bdltii| kintu isakA yaha artha hai ki nimitta ke anusAra karma apanA kArya karatA hai| naraka meM tetIsa sAgara Ayu bhogate hue vahA~ ke azubha nimittoM kI prabalatA ke kAraNa sattA meM sthita samasta zubha karma azubha rUpa se pariNamana karate-rahate haiM aura devagati meM isake viparIta azubha karma zubha rUpa se pariNamana karate rahate haiN| nidhatti aura nikAcita rUpa karmo kA phala bhoganA hI par3atA hai aisA koI niyama nahIM hai| vastu sthiti yaha hai ki jinakA bandha nidhatti aura nikAcita rUpa nahIM bhI hotA hai yadi unake badalane kA nimitta na mile aura udayakAla meM anukUla nimitta banA rahe to unakA bhI phala bhoganA par3atA hai aura jo nidhatti aura nikAcita rUpa karma haiM, jinameM ki udIraNA aura saMkrama ye do yA udIraNA utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa aura saMkramaNa ye cAra nahIM hote unakI bhI sthiti pUrI hone para yadi unake udaya ke anukUla dravya, kSetra aura kAla na ho to jAte-jAte ve bhI apane rUpa se phala na dekara anya sajAtIya prakRti rUpa se phala dene ke liye vAdhya ho jAte haiN| isaliye yada siddhAnta phalita hotA hai ki adhikatara prANiyoM kA jIvana usa usa kSetra ke prAkRtika niyamoM para avalambita hai| prastuta do sUtroM meM sAtoM kSetroM ke inhIM prAkRtika niyamoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| sAtoM kSetroM meM ye prAkRtika niyama kAla kI pradhAnatAse haiM isaliye yahA~ unhIM kI apekSA mukhyatA se varNana kiyA gayA hai| jisa kAla meM prANiyoM ke upabhoga, Ayu aura zarIra Adi uttaro
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________________ 158 tattvArthasUtra 3. 27-34] tara utsarpaNazIla hote haiM vaha utsarpiNI kAla kahalAtA hai aura jisameM ye saba avasapaNazIla hote haiM vaha avasarpiNI kAla kAla ke do bheda kahalAtA hai| inameM se pratyeka kAla ke chaha chaha bheda haiN| ati duSSamA, duSSamA, duSpama duSSamA, duSSamasuSamA, suSamA aura duSSamaSuSamA isa krama se utsarpiNIkAla hotA hai aura avasarpiNIkAla isake viparIta krama se hotA hai| ina donoM ko milAkara eka kalpakAla kahalAtA hai jo bIsa kor3Akor3I sAgara pramANa hotA hai| utsarpiNI ke chahoM kAla vyatIta ho jAne para avasarpiNI ke chaha kAla Ate haiM / isa prakAra utsarpiNI ke pazcAt avasarpiNI aura avasarpiNI ke pazcAt utsarpiNI yaha krama cAlU rahatA hai| ukta chaha kAloM meM pahalA kAla ikkIsa hajAra varSa kA hai, dUsarA bhI itanA hI hai| tIsarA bayAlIsa hajAra varSa kama eka kor3Akar3I sAgara pramANa hai, cauthA do koDAkor3I sAgara pramANa hai, pA~cavA~ tIna kor3Akor3I sAgara pramANa hai, aura chaThA cAra kor3Akor3I sAgara pramANa hai| yaha kAla jisa krama se Upara nAma likhe haiM usa krama se batalAyA hai| utsarpiNI ke prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya kAla meM tathA avasarpiNI ke caturtha, paMcama aura SaSTha kAla meM karmabhUmi rahatI hai| inake atirikta zeSa kAla akarmabhUmi arthAt bhogabhUmi sambandhI haiN| ____ yaha uparyukta kAlacakra kA parivartana bhAratavarSa aura airAvata varSa meM hotA hai zeSa khaNDoM meM nahIM / zeSa pA~ca khaNDoM meM nivAsa karane vAle prANiyoM ke upabhoga, Ayu aura zarIra kA parimANa Adi sadA eka se rahate haiM, jaisA bharata aura airAvata meM inakA parivartana hotA rahatA hai vaisA parivartana vahA~ nahIM hotaa| inameM se haimavata kSetra ke . prANiyoM kI sthiti eka palya.pramANa hotI hai| yahA~ kSetrA ma kAla mayAdA nirantara utsarpiNo kA cauthA yA avasarpiNI kA tIsarA kAla pravartatA hai| manuSyoM ke zarIra kI U~cAI do hajAra dhanuSa
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________________ 3, 27.-34.] zeSa kathana hotI hai| raMga nIlavarNa hotA hai aura ve eka dina ke antarAla se bhojana karate haiN| harivarSa kSetra ke prANiyoM kI sthiti do palyapramANa hotI hai| yahA~ nirantara utsarpiNI kA pA~cavA~ yA avasarpiNI kA dUsarA kAla pravartatA hai| manuSyoM ke zarIra kI U~cAI cAra hajAra dhanuSa hotA hai| raMga zukla hotA hai aura ve do dina ke antarAla se bhojana karate haiN| tathA devakuru kSetra ke prANiyoM kI sthiti tIna palyapramANa hotI hai| yahA~ nirantara utsarpiNI kA chaThA aura avasarpiNI kA pahalA kAla pravartatA hai| manuSyoM ke zarIra kI U~cAI chaha hajAra dhanuSa hotI hai, raMga pIta hotA hai aura ve tIna dina ke antarAla se bhojana karate haiN| haimavata, harivarSa aura devakuru meM kAlakA jo krama batalAyA hai vahI krama uttara dizA ke uttarakuru, ramyaka aura hairaNyavata ina tIna kSetroM meM samajhanA caahiye| uttarakuru meM devaguru ke samAna, ramyaka meM harivarSa ke samAna aura hairaNyavata meM haimavata ke samAna kAla hai| kintu videhoM kI sthiti ina saba kSetroM se bhinna hai / vahA~ utsarpiNI kA tIsarA yA avasarpiNo kA cauthA kAla sadA avasthita hai| isameM manuSyoM kI U~cAI pA~ca sau dhanuSa pramANa hotI hai aura utkRSTa Ayu eka pUrvakoTi pramANa hotI hai| prAyaH isI kAla se jIva mukti lAbha karate haiN| videhoM meM yaha kAla sadA rahatA hai isaliye yahA~ se jIva sadA mokSa jAte haiM aura jaba bharata aura airAvata kSetra meM bhI yaha kAla AtA hai taba vahA~ se bhI jova mokSa jAne lagate haiN| ina saba kSetroM meM bharata kSetra kA vistAra jambUdvIpa ke kula viSkambha kA eka sau nabbevA~ bhAga prApta hotA hai jisakA nirdeza sUtra 25 meM kara hI Aye haiM / / 27-32 // dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa meM jambUdvIpa kI apekSA meru, varSa, varSadhara, 11
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________________ tatvArthasUtra [3. 27-34 nadI aura hRda Adi dUne dUne haiN| arthAt umameM do meru, caudaha varSa, bAraha varSadhara, aTThAIsa nadI aura bAraha hada yAdi ghAtakIkhaNDa aura na ___ puSkarAdha bAra haiN| ina sabake nAma bhI ve hI haiM jo jambUdvIpa meM - batalAye haiN| kevala meru parvatoM ke nAma bhinna haiN| dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa valayAkRti hai isake pUrvAdha aura pazcimA isa prakAra do vibhAga haiM / yaha vibhAga iSvAkAra nAmavAle do parvata karate haiM jo uttara se dakSiNa taka dvIpa ke viSkambha pramANa lamve haiN| isase ghAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa ke do bhAga hokara pratyeka vibhAga meM eka meru, sAta kSetra, chaha varSadhara, caudaha nadiyA~ aura chaha hrada prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra ye saba jambUdvIpa se dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa meM dUne ho jAte haiN| isa dvIpa meM parvata pahiye ke Are ke samAna haiM aura kSetra AroM ke bIca meM sthita vivara ke samAna haiN| dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa ke samAna puSkarArdha meM bhI meru, varSa, varSadhara, nadI aura hRdoM kI saMkhyA hai kyoMki isa dvIpa ke bhI iSvAkAra parvatoM ke nimitta se pUrvAdha aura pazcimA ye do bhAga ho gaye haiN| isa prakAra DhAI dvIpa meM pA~ca meru, paiMtIsa varSa, tIsa varSadhara, sattara mahAnadiyA~ aura tIsa hada prApta hote haiN||33-34|| jambUdvIpa meM videha kSetra kA vistAra 33684.1. yojana hai aura madhya meM lambAI eka lAkha yojana hai| ThIka bIca meM meru parvata hai| isake _ pAsa se do gajadanta parvata nikala kara niSadha meM jA videhoM kA vizeSa varNana ' mile haiN| isI prakAra uttara meM do gajadanta parvata nola meM jA mile haiM isase videha kSetra cAra bhAgoM meM baTa jAtA hai| dakSiNa dizA meM gajadantoM ke madhya kA kSetra devakuru aura uttara dizA meM yahI kSetra uttarakuru kahalAtA hai| tathA pUrva dizA kA saba kSetra pUrva videha aura pazcima dizA kA saba kSetra pazcima videha kahalAtA hai| inameM se devakura aura uttarakuru meM uttama bhogabhUmi hai tathA pUrva videha aura pazcima videha meM karmabhUmi hai| ina donoM antima
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________________ 3. 35-36.] manuSyoM kA nivAsa sthAna aura unake bheda 161 bhAgoM ke sItA aura sItodA nadiyoM ke kAraNa do-do bhAga ho jAte haiM isa prakAra kula cAra bhAga hote haiM jo cAroM bhAga nadI aura parvatoM ke kAraNa pATha-ATha bhAgoM meM baTe hue haiN| jisase jambUdvIpa meM kula battIsa videha ho jAte haiN| inameM bharata aura airAvata ke samAna AryakhaNDa va mlecchakhaNDa sthita haiN| padavIdhara mahApuruSa va tIrthakara AryakhaNDoM meM hI utpanna hote haiN| jambUdvIpa meM kula cautIsa aura DhAI dvIpa meM eka sau sattara AryakhaNDa haiN| eka sAtha honevAle tIrthaMkaroM kI utkRSTa saMkhyA eka sau sattara batalAI hai vaha inhIM kSetroM kI apekSA se batalAI hai| videhoM meM jo isa samaya sImaMdhara Adi vIsa tIrthakara kahe jAte haiM so ve DhAI dvIpa ke bosa mahAvidehoM kI apekSA se kahe gaye jAnanA cAhiye, kyoMki pUrvokta vibhAgAnusAra jambUdvIpa ke cAra aura DhAI dvIpa ke vIsa mahAvideha hote haiN| puSkaravara dvIpa ke ThIka madhya meM valayAkAra mAnuSottara parvata sthita hai jisase puSkaravara dvIpa do bhAgoM meM baTa gayA hai| ina do bhAgoM meM .. se bhItara ke bhAga meM ina kSetrAdikoM kI racanA hai puSkarAdha saMjJA kA " bAhya bhAga meM nahIM, isaliye isa sUtra dvArA puSkarAdha meM kAraNa dhAtakIkhaNDa ke samAna kSetrAdika kI racanA kA nirdeza kiyA hai| mAnuSottara parvata bhItara kI ora satraha sau ikosa yojana U~cA hai| jamIna para isakI caur3AI eka hajAra bAIsa yojana hai, madhya meM sAta sauteIsa yojana hai aura Upara cAra sau caubIsa yolana hai| isase isakA AkAra baiThe hue siMha ke samAna ho jAtA hai| baiThA huA siMha Age ko U~cA hotA hai aura pIche ko kama se ghaTatA huaa| yaha parvata bhI bhItara kI ora eka samAna U~cA hai aura bAhara kI ora yaha krama se ghaTatA gayA hai jisase isakA ripaTAsA bana gayA hai // 33-34 // __manuSyoM kA nivAsa sthAna aura bhedaprAGmAnuSottarAnmanuSyAH // 35 //
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________________ 162 tattvArthasUtra 3.35-36] AryA mlecchAzca // 36 // mAnuSottara parvata ke pahale taka hI manuSya haiN| unake Arya aura mleccha ye do prakAra haiN| pIche jambUdvIpa, dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa aura puSkarArdhadvIpa inakA ullekha kara Aye haiM inake madhya meM lavaNoda aura kAloda ye do samudra aura haiN| yaha saba kSetra manuSyaloka kahalAtA hai| manuSya isI kSetra meM pAye jAte haiM isake bAhara nhiiN| mAnuSottara parvata manuSya loka kI sImA para sthita hai isIliye isakA mAnuSottara yaha sArthaka nAma hai| RddhidhArI muni Adi kA bhI isa parvata ko lA~dha kara bAhara jAnA sambhava nahIM hai| yaha isa kSetra kA svabhAva hai| DhAI dvIpa ke bhItara ye paiMtIsa kSetra aura donoM samudroM meM sthita antarvIpoM meM utpanna hote haiM parantu pAye sarvatra jAte haiM meru parvata para bhI ye pahuMcate haiN| isa prakAra DhAI dvIpa aura una dvIpoM ke madhya meM AnevAle do samudra yaha saba milakara manuSyaloka kahalAtA hai| manuSyoM kA nivAsa itane sthala meM hI hai anyatra nhiiN| zaMkA-kyA DhAI dvIpa ke bAhara kisI bhI prakAra se manuSya nahIM pAyA jA sakatA hai ? . samAdhAna-DhAI dvIpa ke bAhara manuSyoM ke pAye jAne ke nimna prakAra hai (1) jo manuSya marakara DhAI dvIpa ke vAhara utpanna honevAlA hai baha yadi maraNa ke pahale mAraNAntika samuddhAta karatA hai to DhAI dvIpa ke bAhara pAyA jAtA hai| (2) DhAI dvIpa ke bAhara nivAsa karanevAlA anya gati kA jo jIva marakara manuSyoM meM utpanna hotA hai usake pUrva paryAya ke chor3ane ke anantara samaya meM hI manuSyAyu Adi karmoM kA udaya ho jAtA hai taba bhI
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________________ 3. 37.] karmabhUmi vibhAga 163 vaha upapAda kSetra ko prApta hone ke pUrva taka manuSya loka ke bAhara pAyA jAtA hai| (3) kevajI jinake pradeza samudghAta ke samaya krama se sarvaloka meM vyApta ho jAte haiM isa prakara kevalisamudghAta ke samaya manuSya DhAI dvIpa ke bAhara pAyA jAtA hai| __ ye tIna avasthAe~ haiM jaba manuSya manuSya loka ke bAhara pAye jAta haiM ina avasthAoM ko chor3akara manuSyoM kA manuSya loka se bAhara pAyA jAnA sambhava nahIM hai / / 35 // ___ manuSya mukhyataH do bhAgoM meM baTe hue haiM Arya manuSya aura mleccha manuSya / jo svayaM guNavAle haiM aura guNavAloM kI saMgata karate haiM ve ra Arya manuSya haiM aura zeSa mleccha manuSya haiN| mleccha mAyA madaka ye prAyaH guNa karma se hIna hote haiN| inameM yadi dayA dAkSiNya Adi guNa pAye bhI jAte haiM to laukika prayojana vaza hI pAye jAte haiM / AtmA kA kartavya samajha kara ye ina guNoM ko mahattva nahIM dete| AryoM ke mukhya do bheda haiM Rddhi prApta Arya aura Rddhi rahita Arya / jinake tapa Adika se buddhi Adika RddhiyA~ utpanna ho jAtI haiM ve RddhiprApta Arya haiN| Rddhi rahita Arya nimitta bheda se pA~ca prakAra ke batalAye haiM-kSetrArya, jAtyArya, cAritrArya, kArya aura darzanArya / mleccha mukhyatayA dharma karma vyavasthA se rahita hote haiM, isI se ye mleccha kahalAte haiN| ye antarvIpraja aura karmabhUmija isa prakAra do taraha ke hote haiN| lavaNasamudra aura kAloda samudra ke madhya meM sthita antarvIpoM meM nivAsa karanevAle kubhogabhUnija manuSya antIpaja mleccha haiM tathA karmabhUmi meM paidA hue AryasaMskRti se hIna manuSya karmabhUmija mleccha hai // 36 // karmabhUmi vibhAgabharatairAvatavidehAH karmabhUmayo'nyatra devakuruttarakurubhyaH // 37 //
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________________ 164 tattvArthasUtra [3. 38-39... devakuru aura uttarakuru ke sivA bharata, airAvata aura videha ye karmabhUmiyA~ haiN| jahA~ sAtaveM naraka taka le jAnevAle azubhakarma aura sarvArthasiddhi taka le jAnevAle zubha karma kA arjana hotA hai vaha karmabhUmi hai / yA jahA~ para kRSi Adi SaTakarma aura dAnAdi karma kI vyavasthA hai vaha karmabhUmi hai| yA jahA~ para mokSa mArga kI pravRtti cAlU hai vaha karmabhUmi hai| pahale DhAI dvIpa meM paitIsa kSetra aura chathAnave antarvIpa batalA Aye haiM unameM se pA~ca bharata, pA~ca airAvata aura pA~ca videha ye pandraha kSetra hI karmabhUmiyA~ haiN| inake sivA saba kSetra aura antarvIpa akarmabhUmi arthAt bhogabhUmi haiN| devakuru aura uttarakuru ye videha kSetra ke antargata haiM / isaliye videhoM meM karmabhUmi kI vyavasthA batalAne para inameM bhI vaha prApta hotI hai, kintu pA~ca devakuru aura pA~ca uttarakuru ina, dasa kSetroM meM karmabhUmi kI vyavasthA nahIM hai, isaliye prastuta sUtra meM ina dasa bhUmiyoM ko kamabhUmiyoM se pRthak batalAyA hai| isa prakAra kula milAkara pandraha karmabhUmiyA~ aura tIsa akarmabhUmiyA~ prApta hotI haiM / / 37 // - manuSyoM aura tiryaJcoM kI sthitinRsthitI parApare tripalyopamAntarmuhUrte // 38 // tiryagyonijAnAM ca // 39 // manuSyoM kI utkRSTa sthiti tIna palyopama aura jaghanya antarmuhUrta hai| tiryaJcoM kI sthiti bhI utanI hI hai| prastuta do sUtroM meM manuSyoM aura tithaMcoM kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa / Ayu batalAI hai| donoM kI jaghanya Ayu antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa zrAyu ____ tIna palyopama hai| palyopama upamA pramANa kA eka palyopama kA pramANa bheTa hai| yaha tIna prakAra kA hai-vyavahAra palyopama, uddhArapalyopama aura addhApalyopama / pramANAGgala se ginakara eka
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________________ 3.38-39.] manuSyoM aura tiryaJcoM kI sthiti 1657 yojana kA AyAma aura vistAravAlA tathA eka yojana gaharA eka palyA arthAt gar3A taiyAra kre| phira navajAta meDhe ke bAloM se use bhara de| para itanA dhyAna rakhe ki bharate samaya ye bAla kaiMcI se kATa kATakara ati choTe Tukar3oM se bhre| ve Tukar3e itane choTe hoM jinake kaiMcI se dUsare Tukar3e na ho ske| anantara sau sau varSa meM eka-eka Tukar3A nikaale| isa prakAra isa kriyA ke karane meM jitanA kAla lage vaha vyavahAra palyopama hai| isase uddhAra palyopama asaMkhyAta karor3a varSoM ke jitane samaya hoM utanA guNA hai| aura isase addhApalyopama sau varSa ke jitane samaya ho utanA guNA hai| prathama palyApama isa saba vyavahAra kA bIja hai isaliye vaha vyavahAra palyopama kahalAtA hai| dUsare palyopama se dvIpa samudroM kI saMkhyA ginI jAtI hai / saba dvIpa aura samudra paJcIsa kor3Akor3I palpopama pramANa batalAye haiN| tIsare palyopama se kamasthiti aura bhavasthiti Adi jAnI jAtI hai| yahA~ itanA aura vizeSa jAnanA ki dasa kor3Akor3I palyopamoM kA eka sAgaropama hotA hai| sthiti do prakAra kI hai bhavasthiti aura kaaysthiti| eka paryAya meM rahane meM jitanA kAla lage vaha avasthiti hai| tathA punaH punaH usI paryAya meM nirantara utpanna honA, dUsarI jAti meM sthiti ke bheda mada nahIM jAnA isa prakAra jitanA kAla prApta ho vaha kAyasthiti hai| Upara manuSyoM aura tiryacoM kI bhavasthiti batalAI hai| Age unakI kAyasthiti kA vicAra karate haiN| manuSya kI jaghanya kAyasthiti jaghanya bhavasthiti pramANa hai, kyoMki eka bAra jaghanya Ayu ke sAtha bhava pAkara usakA anya paryAya meM jAnA sambhava hai| tathA utkRSTa kAyasthiti pUrvakoTi pRthaktva kAvAsyAta adhika tIna palyApama hai| pRthaktva yaha rauDhika saMjJA hai| mukhyataH isakA artha tIna se Upara aura nau se nIce kI saMkhyA liyA
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________________ kAyasthiti 166 tattvArthasUtra [3. 38-39. jAtA hai| kahIM kahIM bahuta isa artha meM bhI pRthaktva zabda AnA hai| tiryacoM ke aneka bheda haiM isaliye unakI bhavasthiti aura kAyasthiti alaga alaga prApta hotI hai jo nimna prakAra hai tithaMcoM meM pRthivIkAyikoM kI utkRSTa bhavanthiti bAIsa hajAra varSa, jala kAyikoM kI sAta hajAra varSa, agnikAyikoM kI tIna dinarAta, vAyukAyikoM - kI tIna hajAra varSa, vanaspati kAyikoM kI dasa hajAra " varSa dvIndriyoM kI bAraha varSa, trIndriyoM kI unacAsa sthiti aura dinarAta, caturindriyoM kI chaha mahInA, paMcendriyoM meM machalI Adi jalacaroM kI pUrvakoTi pramANa, godhA va nakula Adi parisaoNM kI nau pUrvAMga, sarpo' kI vyAlIsa hajAra varSa, pakSiyoM kI bahattara hajAra varSa aura catuSpadoM Adi kI tIna palyopama utkRSTa bhavasthiti hai| tathA ina sabakI jaghanya bhavasthiti antamuhUrta hai / yaha bhavasthiti hai| ___ kAyasthiti ninna prakAra hai-pRthivIkAya, jalakAya, agnikAya aura vAyukAyika jIvoM kI asaMkhyAta lokoM ke samaya pramANa, banaspatikAyika jIvoM kI ananta kAlapramANa, vikalendriyoM kI saMkhyAta ijAra varSa pramANa tathA paMcendriyoM kI pUrvakoTi pRthaktva se adhika tIna palyopama utkRSTa kAyasthiti hai| tathA ina sabakI jaghanya kAyasthiti antarmuhUrta pramANa hai / / 38-39 //
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________________ cauthA adhyAya tIsare adhyAya meM nAraka, tiyaM ca aura manuSya inakA varNana kiyA aba isa adhyAya meM mukhyarUpa se devoM kA varNana karate haiM prasaMga se nArakoM kI jaghanya sthiti kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| devoM ke nikAyadevAzcaturNikAyAH // 1 // deva cAra nikAyavAle haiN| nikAya zabda kA artha samudAya hai| devoM ke aise pramukha samudAya cAra haiM / yathA - bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika / deva eka gati hai jisameM rahanevAle prANI adhikatara sukhazIla hote haiM, nAnA dvIpoM vanoM, parvatoM kI coTiyo, kuJjagRhoM Adi meM vihAra karate hai| zarIra ko choTA, bar3A Adi banAne kI unameM kSamatA hotI hai // 1 // Adi ke tIna nikAyoM kI lezyAAditastriSu pItAntalezyA:* // 2 // ___* zvetAmbara parampaga meM prArambha ke do nikAyoM meM pIta taka cAra aura tIsare nikAya meM eka pIta lezyA mAnI gaI hai| isI se usa paramparA meM yaha aura Age kA sAtavA~ sUtra bhinna prakAra se race gaye haiN| isake sivA usa paramparA meM prakRta meM lezyA kA artha dravyalezyA-zarIra kA raMga liyA gayA jAna par3atA hai| paM0 sukhalAla jI ne bhI apane tattvArthasUtra meM yahI artha kiyA hai kintu yaha sUtrAnusAriNI zailI ke pratikUla hai| tattvArthasUtra ke dUsare adhyAya ke 6 veM sUtra meM audayika bhAvoM ke prasaMga se chaha lezyAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| vahA~ spaSTarUpa se inheM jIva ke bhAva batalAyA hai|
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________________ tattvArthasUtra Adi ke tIna nikAyoM meM pIta taka cAra lezyAe~ haiN| / yoM to bhavanavAsI, vyantara aura jyotiSI devoM ke sadA eka pIta lezyA hI pAI jAtI hai kintu aisA niyama hai ki kRSNa, nIla aura kApota lezyA ke madhyama aMza ke sAtha bhare hue karmabhUmiyA~ mithyA dRSTi manuSya aura tiyaca aura pIta lezyA ke madhyama aMza ke sAtha mare hue bhogabhUmiyA~ mithyAdRSTi manuSya aura tiyeca bhavanatrika meM utpanna hote haiM, isaliye inake aparyApta avasthA meM kRSNa, nIla aura kApIta ye tIna azubha lezyAe~ bhI pAI jAtI haiN| isI se inake pIta taka cAra lezyAe~ batalAI haiN| abhiprAya yaha hai ki bhavanavAsI, vyantara aura jyotiSI devoM ke aparyApta avasthA meM kRSNa Adi cAra lezyAe~ aura paryApta avasthA meM eka pIta lezyA pAI jAtI hai // 2 // cAra nikAyoM ke avAntara bheda-- dazASTapaJcadvAdazavikalpAH kalpopapannaparyantAH // 3 // kalpopapanna taka ke caturnikAya deva krama se dasa, ATha, pA~ca aura bAraha bhedavAle haiN| ___bhavanavAsI nikAya ke dasa, vyantara nikAya ke ATha,jyotiSka nikAya ke pA~ca aura vaimAnika nikAya meM kalpopapanna ke bAraha bheda haiM / vaimAnika nikAya ke kalpopapanna aura kalpAtIta ye do bheda Age batalAye haiN| unameM se yahA~ kalpopapanna prathama nikAya ke bAraha bheda kahe haiM so ye bAraha bheda solaha kalpoM ke bAraha indroM kI apekSA se kahe haiN| ina bAraha bhedoM meM vaimAnika nikAya ke saba bheda sammilita nahIM haiM, kyoMki kalpAtIta bhI vaimAnika haiM para unakA ukta bAraha bhedoM meM antarbhAva nahIM hotA // 3 // cAra nikAyoM ke bhedoM ke avAntara medindrsaamaaniktraaystriNshpaarissdaatmrksslokpaalaaniikaakiirnnkaabhiyogykilvissikaashcaikshH||4||
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________________ cAra nikAyoM ke bhedoM ke avAntara bheda trayastriMzaloka pAlavarjyA vyantarajyotiSkAH || 5 // caturnikAya ke ukta dasa Adi bhedoM meM se eka-eka bheda indra, sAmAnika trAyatriMza, pAriSada, AtmarakSa, lokapAla, anIka, prakIrNaka, zrabhiyogya aura kilviSika rUpa haiM 1 4.5.] 169 kintu vyantara aura jyotiSka nikAya trAyastriMza aura lokapAla ina do vikalpoM se rahita haiM / 1 bhavanavAsinikAya ke dasa bheda hai unameM se pratyeka bheda meM indra disa prakAra hote haiM / jo sAmAnika Adi anya devoM ke svAmI hote haiM ve indra kahalAte haiN| jo AjJA aura aizvarya ko chor3akara zeSa saba bAtoM meM indra ke samAna hote haiM ve sAmAnika deva kahalAte haiM / loka meM pitA, guru aura upAdhyAya kA jo sthAna hai, vaha sthAna inakA hai / jo deva mantrI aura purohita kA kAma karate haiM ve trayastriMza haiM eka-eka bheda meM inakI kula saMkhyA tetIsa hI hotI hai adhika nahIM / abhyantara, madhya aura bAhya pariSada ke jo sabhya hote haiM ve pAriSada deva kahalAte haiM / loka meM mitra kA jo sthAna hai vaha sthAna inakA vahA~ hai / jo indra zarIra kI rakSA meM niyukta haiM ve AtmarakSa kahalAte haiM / jo rakSakasthAnIya haiM ve lokapAla kahalAte haiM / jo padAti Adi sAta prakAra kI senA meM niyukta haiM ve anIka kahalAte haiM / jo nagaravAsI aura dezavAsiyoM ke samAna haiM ve prakoka kahalAte haiM / jo dAsa ke samAna haiM ve zrabhiyogya kahalAte haiM aura jo antevAsiyoM ke tulya haiM ve kilviSika kahalAte haiM / kalpopapanna devoM ke bAraha bhedoM meM se pratyeka bheda meM bhI ye indrAdi dasa bheda hote haiM / kintu vyantara nikAya ke ATha bheda aura jyotiSka nikAya ke pA~ca bhedoM meM indra Adi ATha-ATha vikalpa hI sambhava haiM, kyoMki unake trAstriza aura lokapAla ye do bheda nahIM hote / / 4-5 / /
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________________ 170 tattvArthasUtra [4. 6. prathama do nikAyoM meM indroM kI saMkhyA kA niympuurvyo-ndraaH||6|| prathama do nikAyoM meM do-do indra haiN| ___ bhavanavAsI ke dasa prakAra ke devoM meM aura vyantara ke ATha prakAra ke devoM meM do-do indra hote haiN| yathA-asurakumAroM ke camara aura vairocana ye do indra haiN| isI prakAra nAgakumAroM ke dharaNa aura bhUtAnanda, vidyatkumAroM ke harisiMha aura harikAnta, suparNakumAroM ke veNudeva aura veNudhArI, agnikumAroM ke agnizikha aura agnimANava, vAtakumAroM ke vailamba aura prabhaJjana, stanitakumAroM ke sughoSa aura mahAghoSa, udadhikumAroM ke jalakAnta aura jalaprabha, dvIpakumAroM ke pUrNa aura vaziSTa tathA dikkumAroM ke amitagati aura amitavAhana ye do-do indra haiN| vyantaroM meM ninnaroM ke kinnara aura kimpuruSa, kimpuruSoM ke matpuruSa aura mahApuruSa, mahoragoM ke atikAya aura mahAkAya, gandharvo ke gItarati aura gItayaza, yakSoM ke pUrNabhadra aura maNibhadra, rAkSasoM ke bhoma aura mahAbhIma, bhUtoM ke pratirUpa aura apratirUpa tathA pizAcoM ke kAla aura mahAkAla ye do do indra haiN| bhavanavAsI aura vyantara ina do nikAyoM meM do-do indra batalAne se zeSa do nikAyoM meM do-do indroM kA abhAva sUcita hotA hai| jyotiSiyoM meM eka candra hI indra mAnA gayA hai| kintu candra asaMkhyAta haiM isaliye jyotiSiyoM meM itane hI indra hue| tathApi jAti kI apekSA jyotiSiyoM meM eka indra ginA jAtA hai| vaimAnika nikAya ke kalpopapanna bheda meM hI indra mAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi kalpa solaha haiM tathApi inameM indra bAraha hI haiM kyoMki prArambha ke cAra kalgoM meM cAra indra haiN| isI prakAra anta ke cAra kalpoM meM bhI cAra indra haiN| kintu madhya ke ATha kalpoM meM kula cAra hI indra hai, ina indroM ke nAma kalpa ke anusAra hai| jahA~ do kalpoM meM eka indra hai vahA~ prathama-prathama kalpa ke anusAra indra kA nAma
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________________ 4. 7.-9. ] devoM meM kAmakha varNana 171 1 | yathA - brahma aura brahmottara kalpa kA indra brahma nAmavAlA hai lAntava aura kA paSTa kalpa kA indra lAntava nAmavAlA hai| zukra aura mahAzukra kA indra zukra nAmavAlA hai aura zatAra aura zahastrAra kalpA kA indra zatAra nAmavAlA hai // 6 // devo meM kAmasukha varNana - kAyapravIcArA A aizAMnAt // 7 // zeSAH sparzarUpazabdamanaHpravIcArAH // 8 // pare'pravIvArAH // 9 // aizAnataka ke deva kAya se viSayasukha bhoganevAle hote haiM / sanatakumAra Adi kalpavAsI zeSa deva sparza, rUpa, zabda aura mana se viSaya sukha bhogane vAle hote haiM / / aizAna kalpa taka ke saudharma tathA aizAna anya saba deva viSaya sukha se rahita hote haiM / satcArakA artha viSaya sukha kA bhoganA hai deva arthAt bhavanavAsI, vyantaH, jyotiSka aura kalpa ke deva manuSyoM ke samAna zarIra se viSaya sukha kA anubhava karate haiN| tIsare kalpa se lekara solahaveM kalpa taka ke deva zarIra se viSaya - sukha kA anubhava na karake dUsare prakAra se viSaya sukha kA anubhava karate haiM / yathA -- manatakumAra aura mAhendra kalpa ke deva devAGganAoM ke sparza mAtra se atyanta tRpti ko prApta hote haiM aura vahA~ kI deviyA~ mI isI prakAra sparzamAtra se tRpti ko prApta hotI haiM / brahma, brahmottara, lAntava aura kApiSTha svarga ke deva aura devAGganAe~ eka dUsare ke sundara rUpa ke dekhane mAtra se paramasukha kA anubhava karate haiN| zukra, mahAzukra, zatAra * zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa sUtra ke anta meM 'dvayordvayoH' itanA pATha adhika hai /
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________________ 142 tasvArtha sUtra [4. 7.-5. aura sahasrAra kalpa ke deva aura deviyA~ saMgIta Adi ke sunane mAtra se paramasukha ko prApta hote haiN| tathA Anata, prANata, pAraNa aura acyuta kalpa ke deva tathA deviyA~ eka dUsare ke smaraNa mAtra se paramasumba ko prApta hote haiN| yadyapi deviyA~ dUsare kalpa taka hI utpanna hotI haiM para niyogavaza ve Upara ke kalpoM meM pahuMca jAtI haiN| tathA solahaveM kalpa se Upara jitane bhI kalpAtIta deva haiM ve saba viSaya sukha kI vAsanA se rahita hote haiN| unake citta meM kabhI bhI strI viSayaka abhilASA utpanna nahIM hotii| __zaMkA-strI puruSa bheda to tIsare Adi kalpoM meM bhI hai phira unake nIce ke devoM ke samAna viSaya sukha kyoM nahIM hotA? samAdhAna-yaha kSetrajanya vizeSatA hai| karma kA vipAka dravya, kSetra zrAdi ke anusAra hotA hai aisA niyama hai| zaMkA-deviyoM kI utpatti to dUsare kalpa taka hI pAI jAtI hai, isaliye inake to viSaya sukha bhogane kI pravRtti dUsare kalpataka ke devoM ke samAna pAI jAnI cAhiye ? samAdhAna-'niyoga ke anusAra deviyoM ke bhAva hote haiN| isa niyama ke anusAra jo jisa kalpa kI niyoganI hotI haiM unake bhAva bhI usI prakAra ke hote haiN| yahI sababa hai ki tIsare Adi kalpa kI deviyoM ke viSaya sukha kI tRpti jahA~ jisa prakAra se viSaya sukha ke bhoga kA nirdeza kiyA hai tadanusAra ho jAtI hai| __ zaMkA-kalpAtIta devoM ke pravIcAra kA kAraNa puruSa veda kA udaya rahate hue bhI isakA prabhAva kyoM batalAyA ? __ samAdhAna-veda kA mukhya kArya pravIcAra nahIM hai| pravIcAra ke aneka kAraNa haiN| ve saba vahA~ nahIM pAye jAte, isaliye vahA~ pravIcAra kA niSedha kiyA hai|| 7-9 //
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________________ 4. 10-11.] bhavanavAsI aura vyantaroM ke bhedoM kA varNana 173 bhavanavAsI aura vyantaroM ke bhedoM kA varNana bhavanavAsino' suranAgavidyutsuparNAgnivAtastanitodadhidvIpadikkumArAH // 10 // vyantarAH kinnarakimpuruSamahoragagandharvayakSarAkSasabhUtapizAcAH // 11 // asurakumAra, nAgakumAra, vidyutkumAra, suparNakumAra, agnikumAra, vAtakumAra, stanitakumAra, uddhikumAra, dvIpakumAra aura dikkumAra ye dasa prakAra ke bhavanavAsI haiN| _ kinnara, kimpuruSa, mahoraga, gandharva, yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUta aura pizAca ve ATha prakAra ke vyantara haiN| ___asurakumAra Adi deva adhikatara bhavanoM meM nivAsa karate haiM isaliye bhavanavAsI kahalAte haiN| inameM se asurakumAroM ke bhavana ratnaprabhA ... bhUmi ke paGkabahula bhAga meM haiM aura zeSa nau prakAra ke bhavanavAtiyA ka mada bhavanavAsiyoM ke bhavana khara pRthivI bhAga ke Upara aura nIce eka eka hajAra yojana pRthivI chor3akara madhya meM haiN| ina saba bhavanavAsiyoM ko kumAra ke samAna vezabhUSA, kIr3A, Ananda vinoda bhAtA hai isaliye ye kumAra kahalAte haiN| ina dasoM prakAra ke bhavanavAsiyoM ke mukuToM meM alaga alaga cihna rahate haiM jisase unakI alaga alaga jAti jAnI jAtI hai| yathA--asurakumAroM ke mukuTa meM cUr3AmaNi kA, nAgakumAroM ke mukuToM meM sarpa kA, vidyutkumAroM ke mukuToM meM vardhamAnaka kA, supaNakumAroM ke mukuToM meM garur3a kA, amikumAroM ke mukuToM meM kalaza kA, vAtakumAroM ke mukuToM meM azva kA, stanitakumAroM ke mukuToM meM vA kA, udadhikumAroM ke mukuToM meM makara kA, dvIpakumAroM ke mukuToM meM gaja kA tathA dikkumAroM ke mukuToM meM siMha kA cihna
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________________ 174 tattvArthasUtra [4. 10.-11. aMkita rahatA hai| ina sabake bhavanoM ke sAmane caityavRkSa aura dhvajAe~ hotI haiN| asurakumAra Adi ke bhavanoM ke sAmane krama se azvattha, saptacchada, kadamba, sAlmalI, palAsa, rAjadruma, priyaMgu, vetasa, jambU aura zirISa jAti ke caityavRkSa hote haiM / / 10 / / vividha dezAntaroM meM nivAsa karane ke kAraNa dUsare nikAya ke deva vyantara kahalAte haiM / isa jambUdvIpa se lekara asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudroM ko lA~gha kara vahA~ ke khara pRthivI bhAga meM sAta prakAra vyantaroM kA vizeSa 1 ke vyantaroM ke AvAsa bane haiM aura rAkSasoM ke varNana AvAsa paGkabahula bhAga meM bane haiN| ye AThoM prakAra ke vyantara aneka prakAra ke AbhUSaNa aura vastroM se susajita rahate haiN| inake AvAsoM ke sAmane caityataru hote haiN| kinnaroM ke azoka, kimpuruSoM ke campaka, mahoragoM ke nAga, gandhoM ke tUmarI, yakSoM ke vaTa, rAkSasoM ke kaNTataru, bhUtoM ke tulasI aura pizAcoM ke kadamba ye caityavRkSa hote haiN| ina sabake zarIra kA raMga bhI eka prakAra kA na hokara bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA hotA hai| ina AThoM prakAra ke vyantaroM ke avAntara bheda bhI aneka haiN| jisameM kinnaroM ke dasa bheda haiM / yathAkimpuruSa, kinnara, hRdayaMgama, rUpamAlI, kiMnara kiMnara, anindita, manorama, kinnarottama, ratipriya aura ratizreSTha / kimpuruSa nAmaka dUsare bheda ke bhI dasa prakAra haiN| yathA--puruSa, puruSottama, satpuruSa, mahApuruSa, puruSaprabha, atipuruSa, maruta, marudeva, marutprabha aura yazasvata / mahoragoM ke bhI dasa bheda haiN| yathA--bhujaga, bhujaMgazAlI, mahAkAya, atikAya skandhazAlI, manohara, azanijava, mahaizvarya, gambhIra aura priyadarzana / gandharvo ke daza prakAra ye haiM--hAhA, hUhU, nArada, tumburuka, kadamba, vAsava, mahAsvara, gItarati, gItayaza aura daivata / yakSoM ke bAraha bheda ye haiM-maNibhadra, pUrNabhadra, zailabhadra, manobhadra, bhadraka, subhadra, sarvabhaMdra, mAnuSa, dharmapAla, surUpayakSa, yakSottama aura manohara / rAkSasoM ke sAta
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________________ 4. 12-- 15.] jyotiSkoM ke bheda aura unakA vizeSa varNana 175 bheda haiM / jo ye haiM-bhIma, mahAbhIma, vighnavinAyaka, udaka, rAkSasa, rAkSasa-rAkSama aura brahmarAkSasa / bhUta sAta prakAra ke haiN| yathA--surUpa, pratirUpa, bhUtottama, pratibhUta, mahAbhUta, pratichanna aura AkAzabhUta / pizAcoM ke caudaha bheda haiN| yathA--kUSmANDa, rakSas , yakSa, saMmoha, tAraka, acaukSa, kAla, mahAkAla, caukSa, sanAlaka, deha, mahAdeha, tUSNIka aura pravacana // 11 // jyotiSkoM ke bheda aura unakA vizeSa varNanajyotiSkAH sUryAcandramabhau grahanakSatraprakIrNakatArakAzca // 12 // merupradakSiNA nityagatayo nRlAka // 13 // tatkRtaH kAlavibhAgaH // 14 // bahiravasthitAH // 15 // sUrya aura candra tathA graha, nakSatra aura prakIrNaka tAraka ye pA~ca prakAra ke jyotiSka haiN| ye manuSya loka meM meru kI pradakSiNA karanevAle aura nirantara gamanazIla haiN| ina gamanazIla jyotiSkoM ke dvArA kiyA huA kAla vimAga hai| ye manuSyaloka ke bAhara avasthita haiN| sUrya Adi pA~coM prakAra ke jya tiSka jyotiHsvabhAva arthAt prakAza-- mAna hote haiM isaliye ye jyotiSka kaha gaye haiN| isa samAna bhUbhAga se sAta sau nabbe yAjana kI U~cAI se lekara nau sau pA~ca prakAra ke jyo.. yojana taka arthAt eka mau dasa yojana ke bhItara tiSka aura unakA yaha jyotiSka samudAya pAyA jAtA hai| tirache rUpha nivAsa sthAna se yaha svayambhUraNa samudra taka phailA huA hai| isameM sAta sau nabbe yojana kI UMcAI para sarva prathama tArakAoM ke vimAna haiN| yahA~ se dasa yojana Upara jAne para sUryoM ke vimAna haiN|
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________________ 176 tattvArthasUtra [4. 12.-15. isa prakAra sUryoM ke vimAna samatala bhUbhAga se ATha sau yojana kI U~cAI para haiN| phira assI yojana Upara jAkara candra ke vimAna haiN| phira cAra yojana Upara jAkara nakSatroM ke vimAna haiN| vahA~ se cAra yojana Upara jAkara budha ke bimAna haiN| vahA~se tIna yojana Upara jAkara zukra ke vimAna haiN| vahA~ se tIna yojana Upara jAkara bRhaspati ke vimAna haiM / vahA~ se tIna yojana Upara jAkara maGgala ke vimAna haiM aura vahA~ se tIna yojana Upara jAkara zanaizcara ke vimAna haiM / zanaizcara ke vimAna sabake anta meM haiM // 12 // manuSya mAnuSottara parvata ke bhItara pAye jAte haiN| mAnuSottara parvata ke eka ora se lekara dUsarI ora taka kula vistAra paiMtAlIsa lAkha yojana hai / manuSya isI kSetra meM pAye jAte haiM isaliye yaha manuSya loka kahalAtA hai / isa loka meM jyotiSka sadA bhramaNa kiyA karate haiN| inakA bhramaNa meru ke cAroM ora hotA hai| meru ke cAroM ora gyAraha sau ikkIsa yojana taka jyotiSka maNDala nahIM hai| isake Age vaha AkAza meM savatra bikharA huA hai| jambUdvIpa meM do sUrya aura do candra haiM / eka -sUrya *jambUdvIpa kI pUrI pradakSiNA do dina rAta meM karatA hai| isakA cAra kSetra jambUdvIpa meM 180 yojana aura lavaNa samudra meM 33066 yojana mAnA gayA hai| sUrya ke ghUmane kI kula galiyA~ 184 haiM / inameM yaha kSetra OM vartamAna kAla meM pAzcamAtya vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra pRthivI ghUmatI huI aura sUrya sthira mAnA jAtA hai| kintu yaha antima nirNaya nahIM hai| TolmI jo IsA se pUrva huA hai usakI dRSTi se pRthivI sthira hai aura sUrtha ghUmatA hai| prasiddha vaijJAnika AinsTAina ke sApekSavAda ke siddhAnta ke pahale yaha mata 'bilakula nirAdhAra mAnA jAtA thaa| kintu aba bahuta se vaijJAnikoM kA mata hai ki sUrya ke cAroM ora pRthivI kI gati kevala gaNita kI saralatA kI dRSTi se . hI mAnI jAtI hai|
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________________ 4. 12 - 12. ] jyotiSkoM ke bheda aura unakA vizeSa varNana 1770 cara jyotiSka vibhAjita ho jAtA hai / eka galI se dUsarI galI meM 2 yojana kA antara mAnA gayA hai / isameM sUrya bimba ke pramANa ko milA dene para vaha 216 yojana hotA hai / itanA dayAntara hai / maNDalAntara do yojana kAhI hai / candra ko pUrI pradakSiNA karane meM do dina rAta se kucha adhika samaya lagatA hai / candrodaya meM nyUnAdhikatA isI se AtI hai / lavaNa samudra meM cAra sUrya, cAra candra; dhAtakIkhaNDa meM bAraha sUrya, bAraha candra, kAloda meM vyAlIsa sUrya, vyAlIsa candra aura puSkarArdha meM bahattara sUrya, bahattara candra haiN| isa prakAra DhAI dvIpa meM eka sau battIsa sUrya aura eka sau battIsa candra haiM / ina donoM meM candra indra aura sUrya pratIndra hai| eka eka candra kA parivAra aTThAIsa nakSatra, aThAsI graha aura chayAsaTha hajAra nau sau pacahattara kor3Akor3I tAre haiM / ina jyotiSkoM kA gamanasvabhAva hai to bhI abhiyogya deva sUrya Adi ke vimAnoM ko nirantara DhoyA karate haiM / ye deva siMha. gaja, baila aura ghor3e kA AkAra dhAraNa kiye rahate hai / siMhAkAra devoM kA mukha pUrva dizA kI ora rahatA hai tathA gajAkAra devoM kA mukha dakSiNa dizA kI ora, vRSabhAkAra devoM kA mukha pazcima dizA kI ora aura azvAkAra devoM kA mukha uttara dizA kI ora rahatA hai // 13 // yaha dina rAta kA bheda gativAle jyotiSkoM ke nimitta se hotA spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| sUryodaya se lekara usake asta hone taka ke kAla ko dina aura sUryAsta se lekara udaya hone taka kAla vibhAga kA ke kAla ko rAtri kahate haiM / isI prakAra rAtri meM kAraNa kRSNa pakSa aura zukla pakSa yaha vibhAga candra ke Upara avalambita hai / yataH yaha jyotiSka maNDala DhAI dvIpa ke andara hI gamanazIla hai ataH isa prakAra kA spaSTa vibhAga yahIM para dekhane ko milatA hai DhAI dvIpa ke bAhara nahIM / para isakA yaha matalaba nahIM ki vastuoM kA parivartana isa kAla vibhAga ke Upara avalambita hai / vastu
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [4. 12.15. badalatI apane svabhAva se hai kintu usake badala kA sAdhAraNa nimitta kAraNa kAla dravya hai| yahA~ to kAlavimAga arthAt vyAvahArika kAla ke AdhArabhUta padArtha ke nirdeza karane kA prayojana rahA hai| jaisA ki Upara batalAyA gayA hai isa vyAvahArika kAla vibhAga kA mukhya AdhAra sUrya kI gati hai| yaha sthUla kAla vibhAga isI para avalamvita hai| isaliye isase sthUla kAla kA jJAna ho jAtA hai samaya Adi sUkSma kAla kA nahIM, kyoMki samaya kA pramANa vastu kI eka paryAya kA avasthAna kAla hai| usake badala jAne para dUsarA samaya cAlU ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra 'vantu kI jitanI paryAya utane samaya' yaha niyama phalita hotA hai| aise asaMkhyAta samayoM kI eka prAvalI hotI hai aura asaMkhyAta AvaliyoM kA eka muhUrta / yahA~ paryAyoM kA vibhAga karake aura unakI kramakitA ke AdhAra para usase vyavahAra kAla phalita kiyA jAkara usakA mela sUrya gati se niSpanna hue kAla vibhAga se biThalAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha kAla muhUrta, dina-rAta, pakSa, mAsa, Rtu, ayana, varSa aura yuga Adi aneka prakAra kA hai| tIsa muhUrta kA eka dina rAta hai| pandraha dina-rAta kA eka pakSa hai| do pakSa kA eka mAsa, do mAsa kI eka Rtu, tIna RtuoM kA eka ayana, do ayana kA eka varSa aura pA~ca varSa kA eka yuga hotA hai| yaha saba vibhAga sUrya ke asta aura udaya para abalambita hai| isaliye prastuta sUtra meM kAla vibhAga kA kAraNa gamana karanevAle jyotiSka maNDala ko batalayA hai|| 14 / / jaisA ki pahale batalAyA hai DhAI dvIpa ke bAhara jyotiSka maNDala sadA avasthita rahatA hai| isase jaisA dina-rAta kA bheda DhAI dvIpa meM - dekhA jAtA hai aisA bheda DhAI dvIpa ke bAhara nahIM * dikhAI detA hai / vahA~ jisa pradeza meM sUrya kA prakAza maNDala na pahu~catA hai vahA~ vaha sadA hI eka-sA banA rahatA hai aura jahA~ nahIM pahuMcatA hai vahA~ sUrya ke prakAza kA abhAva banA rahatA
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________________ 4. 16-19.] baimAnikoM ke bheda aura unakA varNana hai| DhAI dvIpa ke bAhara pacAsa hajAra yojana jAne para jyotiSka mala . kI prathama paMkti milatI hai| isake bAda eka-eka lAkha yojana jAne para isakA madbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| svayaMbhUramaNa samudra ke anta taka yahI na calA gayA hai| puSkaravara ke pUrvAdha meM jyotiSI vimAnoM kI jitanI saMkhyA hai uttarArdha meM vaha utanI hI pAI jAtI hai / Age puSkaravara samudra meM inakI saMkhyA isase caugunI hai aura Age pratyeka dvApa samudra meM dunI-dUnI hotI gaI hai| kintu isakA yaha matalaba nahIM ki DhAI dvIpa meM jitane tAre haiM ve saba cara hI haiM / jambUdvIpa meM aise 36 tAre hai jo sadA sthira rahate haiN| Age ke lavaNa samudra Adi do samudroM meM va dhAtakIkhaNDa aura . puSkarAdhe meM inakI saMkhyA judI-judI hai| ___vaimAnikoM ke bheda aura unakA varNanavaimAnikAH // 16 // kalpopapannAH kalpAtItAzca / / 17 // uparyupari / / 18 // saudharmezAnasAnatkumAramAhendrabrahmabrahmottaralAntavakApiSTha zukramahAzukrazatArasahasrArevAnataprANatayorAraNAcyutayornavasu veyakeSa vijayavaijayantajayantAparAjiteSu sarvArtha siddhau ca* // 19 // 'cauthe nikAya ke deva vaimAnika haiN| ve kalpopapanna aura kalpAtIta ye do prakAra ke haiN| jo Upara-Upara rahate haiN| saudharma-aizAna, sAnatkumAra-mAhendra, brahma-brahmottara, lAntava-kApiSTha, zukra mahAzukra, zatAra-sahasrAra, Anata-prANata, AraNa-acyuta, nau graive. * zvetAmbara pATha 'sarvArthasiddhaca' aisA hai|
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________________ 180 tattvArthasUtra [4. 16-19. baka, vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta, aparAjita aura sarvArthasiddhi meM unakA nivAsa hai| tIna nikAya ke devoM kI sAmAnya aura vizeSa saMjJAe~ batalA Aye / aba prakaraNa caturtha nikAya kA hai| isakI sAmAnya saMjJA vaimAnika hai| vaimAnika yaha saMjJA gaidika hai, kyoMki kevala caturtha nikAya ke deva hI vimAnoM meM nahIM rahate, jyotiSka deva bhI vimAnoM meM rahate haiM para rUr3hi se yaha saMjJA caturtha nikAya ke devoM ko hI prApta hai / / 16 // . inake kalpopapanna aura kalpAtIta ye do bheda haiN| indra Adi daza prakAra ke bhedoM kI kalpanA jahA~ sambhava hai ve kalpa kahalAte haiM / yadyapi vaimAnika va unake . yaha kalpanA bhavanatrikoM meM bhI sambhava hai para vahA~ bheda * kalpAtIta bheda sambhava na hone se vaimAnikoM meM hI yaha rUr3ha hai| jo kalpoM meM rahate haiM ve kalpopapanna kahalAte haiM aura jo kalpoM ke Upara rahate haiM ve kalpAtIta kahalAte haiN| ye donoM prakAra ke vaimAnika na to eka jagaha haiM aura na tirache haiM kintu Upara Upara avasthita haiM / / 57-18 // jina kalpoM meM bAraha prakAra ke kalpopapanna rahate haiM ve kalpa solaha haiN| unameM se saudharma kalpa meru parvata ke Upara avasthita hai| yaha dakSiNa dizA meM phailA huA hai| isa kalpa ke Rju vimAna aura meru parvata kI cUlikA meM eka bAlakA antara hai| isake samAna AkAza pradeza meM uttara kI ora aizAna kalpa hai| saudharma kalpa ke ThIka Upara sAnatkumAra kalpa hai aura aizAna kalpa ke ThIka Upara sAnatkumAra kI samazreNI meM mAhendra kalpa hai| isI prakAra Age ke do-do kalpoM kA jor3A samazreNi meM Upara-Upara avasthita hai| unameM se pA~cavA~ sAtavA~, nauvA~, gyArahavA~, terahavA~ aura pandrahavA~ kalpa dakSiNa dizA meM avasthita hai aura chaThA, AThavA~, dasavA~, bArahavA~, caudahavA~ tathA solahavA~ kalpa uttara dizA
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________________ 4.20.-21] vaimAnika devoM meM adhikatA va hInatA kA nirdeza 181 meM avasthita hai| ina solaha kalpoM ke Upara krama se Upara-Upara nau aveyaka haiN| ye puruSAkAra loka ke grovA sthAnIya hone se graiveyaka kahalAte' haiN| inake Upara nau anudiza haiN| yadyapi inakA ullekha sUtra meM nahIM hai. kintu 'navasu veyakaSu' isameM 'navasu' pada ko asamasita rakhane se yaha dhvanita hotA hai| inake Upara vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta, aparAjita aura sarvArthasiddhi ye pA~ca anuttara vimAna haiN| inameM se acyuta kalpa taka ke deva kalpopapanna kahalAte haiM aura inake Upara sabhI deva kalpAtIta kahalAte haiN| kalpopapannoM meM indrAdika kI kalpanA hai isaliye bhI ye kalpApanna kahalAte haiM kintu kalpAtItoM meM indrAdika kI kalpanA nahIM hai ve saba eka samAna hone se ahamindra kahe jAte haiN| inameM se kalpo-. panna devoM kA nimitta vizeSa se tIsare naraka taka jAnA-bAnA sambhava hai parantu kalpAtIta apane sthAna ko chor3akara anyatra nahIM jAto hai // 19 // vaimAnika devoM meM jina viSayoM ko uttarottara adhikatA va hInatA hai unakA nirdeza sthitiprabhAvasukhadyatilezyAvizuddhIndriyAvadhiviSayato'dhikA: // 20 // gatizarIraparigrahAbhimAnato hInAH // 21 // sthiti, prabhAva, sukha, dyuti, lezyAvizuddhi, indriya viSaya aura avadhiviSaya kI apekSA Upara ke deva adhika hai| gati, zarIra, parigraha aura abhimAna kI apekSA Upara-Upara ke. deva hIna haiN| yadyapi devAyu aura devagati nAma karma ke udaya se sabhI vaimAnika deva deva haiM para unameM bahuta-sI bAtoM meM hInAdhikatA pAI jAtI hai /
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________________ '182 tatvArthasUtra [4. 20.-21 una sabake rahane ke sthAna alaga-alaga haiM yaha pahale hI batalA pAye haiM yaha bhI unake bheda kA kAraNa hai| isake atirikta kucha aura bAteM bhI haiM jo unameM hInAdhika rUpa meM pAI jAtI haiN| unameM se pahale jina bAtoM meM nIce nIce ke devoM se Upara Upara ke deva adhika hote haiM unakA nirdeza karate haiN| nIce nIce ke devoM se Upara-Upara ke devoM kI sthiti adhika adhika hotI hai yaha bAta isI adhyAya ke unatIsaveM 1 sthiti sUtra se lekara cautIsaveM sUtra taka batalAI hai| zApa dene aura upakAra karane kA zakti prabhAva hai jo Upara-Upara ke devoM meM zrAdhika-adhika pAyA jAtA hai| yadyapi ra prabhAva yaha bAta aisI hai to bhI Upara Upara abhimAna kama hone se ve usakA upayoga karate haiN| indriyoM ke unake vipayoM kA anubhava karanA sukha hai| yadyapi Upara-Upara ke devoM kA nadI, parvata aTavI Adi 2 sukha meM vihAra karanA kamatI-kamatI hotA jAtA hai| deviyoM kI saMkhyA va parigraha bhI kamatI-kamatI hotA jAtA hai to bhI unakI mugna kI mAtrA uttarottara adhika adhika hotI hai| zarIra, vastra aura AbharaNa Adi kI chaTA dyati hai / Upara Upara ke va devoM kA zarIra choTA hotA jAtA hai, vastra aura cata AbharaNa bhI kama kama hote jAte haiM para ina sabakI dIpti uttarottara adhika adhika hotI jAtI hai| kisa deva ke kauna sI lezyA hai yaha agale bAIsaveM sUtra meM batalAyA hai| usase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki Upara Upara '5 lezyAvizuddhi devoM kI lezyA nirmala hotI jAtI hai| isI prakAra samAna lezyAvAloM meM bhI nIce ke devoM se Upara ke devoM kI lezyA vizuddha hotI hai|
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________________ 4.20.-21] baimAnika devoM meM adhikatA va hInatA kA nirdeza 183 pratyeka indriyakA jaghanya aura utkRSTa viSaya batalAyA hai| usakI hA apekSA nIce nIce ke devoM se Upara Upara ke delako - indriyaviparA adhika adhika hai| arthAt Upara Upara ke devoM kI indriyadvArA viSaya ko grahaNa karane kI sAmarthya uttarottara bar3hatI gaI hai| Upara Upara ke devoM meM avadhijJAna kI sAmarthya bhI bar3hatI gaI haiN| prathama aura dUsare kalpa ke deva avadhijJAna se pahalI naraka bhUmi taka jAnate haiN| tIsare aura cauthe kalpa ke deva dUsarI 7 avadhiviSaya vAcaviSaya naraka bhUmi ta jAnate haiN| pA~caveM se AThaveM kalpa taka ke deva tIsarI narakamUmi taka jAnate haiN| nauveM se lekara bArahaveM kalpa taka ke deva cauthI bhUmi taka jAnate haiM terahaveM se lekara solahaveM taka ke deva pA~cavIM naraka bhUmi taka jAnate haiN| nau praiveyaka ke deva chaThI naraka bhUmi taka jAnate haiN| tathA nau anudiza aura pA~ca anuttaravAsI deva pUrI lokanAlI ko jAnate haiN| isase jJAta hotA hai ki Upara Upara ke devoM ke avavijJAna ko sAmarthya adhika adhika hai / / 21 / / aba kucha aisI bAtoM kA bhI nirdeza karate haiM jo Age Age kamatI kamatI pAI jAtI hai-- jisase prANI eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna ko prApta hotA hai vaha gati hai| yaha gati Upara Upara ke devoM meM kamatI kamatI pAI jAtI hai| yadyapi nIce ke devoM se Upara Upara ke deva gamana 1 gati gati karane kI sAmarthya adhika adhika rakhate haiN| jaise sarvArthasiddhi ke devoM meM sAtaveM naraka taka jAne kI sAmarthya hai parantu ve usakA upayoga karane kI kabhI bhI icchA nahIM karate / itanA hI nahIM kintu kalpAtIta deva to apane sthAna ko chor3a kara anyatra jAte hI nhiiN| kalpopapannoM meM bhI nIce ke deva jitanA adhika gamanAgamana
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________________ 184 tattvArthasUtra [4. 20.-21 karate haiM utanA Upara ke deva nhiiN| sAdhAraNatayA solahaveM svarga taka ke deva tIsare naraka taka jAte haiN| tIsare naraka se Age na koI deva gayA hai aura na koI deva jAyagA aisA niyama hai| devoM kA zarIra vaikriyika hotA hai isaliye ve apanI icchAnusAra use choTA bar3A jaisA cAheM kara sakate haiN| tIrthaMkara ke janmotsava ke samaya jo eka lAkha yojana ke hAthI kA kathana prAtA ra hai so vaha vaikriyika hI rahatA hai / taba bhI nIce nIce ke devoM ke zarIra kI U~cAI se Upara Upara ke devoM kI U~cAI ghaTatI gaI hai / zarIra kI U~cAI pahale dUsare svarga meM sAta hAtha kI, tIsare cauthe svarga meM chaha hAtha kI, pA~caveM se AThaveM svarga taka pA~ca hAtha kI, nauve se bArahaveM svarga taka cAra hAtha kI, Anata prANata meM sAr3he tIna hAya kI, AraNa acyuta meM tIna hAtha kI, adho greveyaka meM DhAI hAtha kI, madhya greveyaka meM do hAtha kI, uparima aveyaka meM Der3ha hAtha kI aura anudiza tathA anuttara meM eka hAtha kI hai| isI prakAra Upara Upara ke deva vikriyA bhI kamatI kamatI karate haiN| pahale svarga meM battIsa lAkha, dUsare meM aTThAIsa lAkha, tIsare meM bAraha lAkha, cauthe meM ATha lAkha, pA~caveM va chaThe meM milakara cAra _ lAkha, sAtaveM va chAThaveM meM milakara pacAsa hajAra, 2 mA nauveM va dasaveM meM mila kara cAlIsa hajAra, gyArahaveM va bArahaveM meM chaha hajAra, terahaveM se lekara solahaveM taka cAra meM sAta sau, adho aveyaka meM eka sau gyAraha, madhya avayaka meM ekasau sAta, Uparima praiveyaka meM ekAnavai, anudiza meM nau aura anuttara meM pA~ca vimAna haiN| isI prakAra ina vimAnoM kI lambAI, caur3AI va U~cAI bhI Upara Upara kamatI hotI gaI hai| isI se spaSTa hai ki Upara Upara ke devoM kA paripraha ghaTatA gayA hai|
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________________ 4 Azika kAvara 4. 20-21.] vaimAnika devoM meM adhikatA va hInatA kA nirdeza 185 mAna kaSAya ke udaya se utpanna huA ahaGkAra abhimAna kahalAtA ____ hai| sthiti prabhAva, zakti Adi ke nimitta se abhi mimAna mAna paidA hotA hai| para Upara Upara ke devoM meM kaSAyaH ghaTatI huI hone ke kAraNa abhimAna bhI ghaTatA huA hI hai| inake sibA kucha bAteM aura hai jo devoM meM vizeSa rUpa se pAI . jAtI haiM / khulAsA isa prakAra haiuchavAsa Adi / yoM to jisa prakAra manuSya aura tithaMca zvAso cchavAsa lete haiM vaise deva bhI lete haiN| kintu unake. zvAsocchavAsa ke kAlamAna meM antara hai| unake zvAsocchavAsa kA sAdhAraNataH yaha niyama hai ki jinakI Ayu jitane sAgaropama kI hotI hai ve utane pakSabAda zvAsocchavAsa lete haiN| udAharaNArtha-jinakI Ayu eka sAgaropama kI 1 uccha vAsa hai ve eka pakSa meM zvAsocchavAsa lete haiM / jinakI Ayu do sAgaropama kI hai ve do pakSa meM zvAsocchrAsa lete haiN| Age Age. isI hisAba se isakA kAlamAna bar3hatA jAtA hai| AhAra to deva bhI karate haiN| para unakA AhAra manuSya aura tiyacoM sarIkhA na hokara mAnasIka mAnA gayA hai| 2 AhAra AhAra viSayaka vikalpa ke hote hI unake kaNTha se amRta maratA hai jisase unakI tRpti ho jAtI hai| devaloka meM yA devoM dvArA kucha aisI bAteM aura hotI haiM jo Azcarya janaka pratIta hotI haiN| bahutoM kA khyAla hai ki ye saba puNya ke prabhAva se hotI haiN| jaise, tIrthakara ke paMca kalyANaka ke samaya devoMkI zrAsana kA kampAyamAna honA, janmakalyANaka ke samaya binA bajAye bAjoM kA bajanA, janma se 15 mahIne pahale kuvera dvArA ratnoM kI varSA kA kiyA jaanaa|
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________________ 186 tattvArthasUtra [4.20-21. yahA~ vicAraNIya yaha hai ki kyA ye saba bAteM puNya ke prabhAva se hotI haiM ? yadi yahI mAna liyA jAya ki ye saba bAteM puNya ke prabhAva se hotI haiM to ina saba ke hone meM kisakA puNya kAraNa hai ? bhAvI tIrthaMkarakA puNya to kAraNa mAnA nahIM jA sakatA, kyoM ki sabhI bhAvI tIrthaMkaroM kA sadbhAva svarga meM na hokara kucha kA naraka meM bhI hotA hai jisake eka bhI puNya prakRti kA udaya nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| devoM ke puNyodaya se bhI ina saba kAmoM kA honA mAnanA ucita nahIM, kyoM ki eka to anya ke puNya se anya ko usakA phala nahIM mila sakatA / dUsare jitane bhI karma haiM unameM se jIvavipAkI karma to jIvagata bhAvoM ke hone meM nimitta haiM aura pudgala vipAkI karma zarIra, vacana mana aura zvAsocchrAsa ke hone meM nimitta haiN| inake sivA aisA eka bhI karma zeSa nahIM bacatA jisakA ukta kAma mAnA jA sake / isa liye tIrthaMkara ke paMcakalyANaka ke samaya devoM kI Asana kA kampAyamAna honA Adi ko puNya karma kA kAma mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| to phira ye kisake kAma haiM yaha prazna khar3A hI rahatA hai so isakA yaha uttara hai ki devoM dvArA ratnoM kI varSA va samavasaraNa kI racanA kA kiyA jAnA Adi jitane bhI devakRta kAma haiM ve saba bhaktivaza Akara detha karate haiM isa liye inakA mukhya kAraNa devoM kA dharmAnurAga aura bhakti hai kisI kA kama nhiiN| aura devoM kI Asana kA kampAyamAna honA Adi jitane bhI kAma haiM jinake hone meM devoM kA dharmAnurAga aura bhakti nimitta nahIM hai jo ki prAkRtika hote haiM unakA niyoga hI aisA hai| jisa prakAra yaha prAkRtika niyama hai ki eka avasarpiNI yA utsarpiNI meM 24 tIkara,12 cakravartI,9 nArAyaNa aura 9pratinArAyaNa hI hoMge adhika yA kama nahIM, usI prakAra yaha bhI prAkRtika niyama hai ki jisa samaya bhagavAna kA janma hogA usa samaya apane Apa ghaNTA
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________________ 4. 22.-23] kalpoM kI gaNanA nAda Adi zabda hone lagegA Adi / isameM karma ko nimitta mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| vaimAnikoM meM lezyA vicArapItapadmazuklalezyA dvitrizeSeSu // 22 // do, tIna yugaloM meM aura zeSameM krama se pIta, padma aura zuklalezyA vAle deva haiN| pahale cAra svargo meM pIta lerayA hotI hai| pA~caveM se dasaveM taka ke tIna kalpa yugaloM meM padma lezyA aura gyAraharve kalpa se sarvArthasiddhitaka ke devoM meM zukla lezyA hotI hai| yadyapi tIsare aura cauthe kalpa meM padma, nauveM aura dasaveM kalpa meM zukla tathA gyAraveM aura bArahaveM kalpa meM padma lezyA bhI hotI hai para usake kathana karane kI sUtra meM vivakSA nahIM kI hai // 22 // kalpoM kI gaNanAprAgveyakebhyaH kalpAH // 23 // aveyakoM se pUrva taka kalpa haiN| jinameM indra sAmAnika aura trAyastriMza Adi rUpa se devoM ke vibhAga kI kalpanA hai ve kalpa kahalAte haiN| yadyapa yaha kalpanA anya nikAyoM meM bhI hai para rUDhisa yaha saMjJA anyatra pravRtta nahIM hai / ye kalpa maiveyaka se pahale taka hI haiM jo sthAnoM kI apekSA sAlaha haiM aura indroM kI apekSA bAraha haiN| sthAna solaha pahale ginA hI Aye haiN| indra prathama cAra aura anta ke cAra kalpoM ke cAra cAra haiN| tathA madhya ke ATha kalpoM meM do do kalpoM kA eka eka hai| isa prakAra indroM kI - ... .. (r) isa viSayakI vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye isIkA AThavAM adhyAya dekhiye /
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________________ 18 tattvArthasUtra [4. 24-25. apekSA bAraha kalpa hue / isI adhyAya ke tIsare sUtra meM inhIM bAraha bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura unnIsaveM sUtra meM sthAnoM kI apekSA solaha nAma ginAye haiN| veyaka se lekara Age ke sabhI kalpAtIta haiM, kyoM ki unameM indra, sAmAnika Adi kI kalpanA nahIM hai| laukAntika devoM kA varNanabrahmalokAlayA lokAntikAH // 24 // saarsvtaadityvndhrunngrdtoytussitaavyaabaadhaarissttaashcaa||25|| brahma loka hI laukAntika devoM kA Alaya-nivAsa sthAna hai| sArasvata, Aditya, vahni, aruNa, gardatoya, tuSita, avyAbAdha aura ariSTa ye laukAntika haiN| ___ laukAntika zabda meM loka zabda se brahmaloka liyA gayA hai aura anta zabda kA artha konA yA nikaTa hai| isase yaha artha huA ki jo brahmaloka ke nikaTa cAroM ora nivAsa karate haiM ve laukAntika deva haiN| athavA loka kA artha saMsAra hai, isaliye yaha artha huA ki jinakA saMsAra nikaTa hai ve laukAntika deva haiN| ye sabhI eka bhavadhAraNa karake mokSa jAte haiM, isaliye nikaTa saMsArI haiN| laukAntika deva viSayoM se virata rahate haiM isaliye devarSi kahalAte haiN| ye indra Adi kI kalpanA se bhI rahita haiM aura tIrthakarake niSkramaNa-dIkSA kalyANaka ke samaya Akara unheM pratibodhita karane kA apanA AcAra pAlana karate haiM / anya samaya meM ye apane sthAna para hI rahate haiN| laukAntika devoM ke mukhya ATha bheda haiN| jinameM se sArasvata pUrvottara arthAt IzAna koNa meM, Aditya pUrva dizA meM, vahni pUrva dakSiNa arthAt Agneya koNa meM, aruNa dakSiNa dizA meM, gardatoya dakSiNapazcima arthAt naiRtya koNa meM, tuSita pazcima dizA meM, avyAvAdha
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________________ 4. 26.] anuttara vimAna ke devoM ke khAsa niyama 189 pazcimottara arthAt vAyavya koNa meM tathA ariSTa uttara dizA meM rahate haiN| inake atirikta solaha prakAra ke laukAntika deva aura haiM jo ina AThoM ke madhya meM rahate haiN| sArasvata aura Aditya ke madhya meM agnyAbha aura sUryAbha rahate haiN| Aditya aura vahni ke madhya meM candrAbha aura satyAbha rahate haiN| vahni aura aruNa ke madhya meM zreyaskara aura kSebhaMkara rahate haiN| aruNa aura gardatoya ke madhya meM vRSabheza aura kAmacara rahate haiN| gardatIya aura tuSita ke madhya meM nirmANarajaH aura diganta rakSita rahate haiN| tuSita aura avyAvAdha ke madhya meM AtmarakSita aura sarvarakSita rahate haiN| avyAvAdha aura ariSTa ke madhya meM marut aura vasu rahate haiN| tathA ariSTa aura sArasvata ke madhya meM azva aura vizva rahate haiN| ina solaha bhedoM kA antarbhAva ATha bhedoM meM ho jAtA hai tathApi unakA pRthaka astitSa dikhalAne ke liye sUtra meM 'ca' zabda diyA hai // 24-25 // anuttara vimAna ke devoM ke viSaya meM khAsa niyama vijayAdiSu dvicaramAH // 26 // vijayAdika meM deva dvicarama hote haiN| vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta, aparAjita aura sarvArthasiddhi ye pA~ca vijayAdika haiN| inameM se sarvArthasiddhi ko chor3akara zeSa cAra vimAnoM meM rahanevAle deva dvicarama haiM arthAt ve adhika se adhika do bAra manuSya janma lekara mokSa jAte haiN| yathA-vijayAdika cAra vimAnoM se cyuta hokara manuSya janma, anantara manuSya paryAya kA tyAga kara cAra anutara vimAnoM meM deva janma, anantara deva payoMya kA tyAga kara manuSya janma aura anta meM usI janma se mokSa / parantu sarvAthasiddhi ke deva
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________________ 190 tattvArthasUtra [4. 27. eka bhavAvatArI hote haiM, arthAt ve vahA~ se cyuta hokara manuSya hote hai aura usI bhava se mokSa cale jAte haiN| zaMkA- sUtra meM dvicaramatA kisakI apekSA se dI hai ? samAdhAna-manuSya bhava kI apekSA se| arthAt nijayAdika se adhika se adhika do bAra manuSya hokara jIva mokSa ho jAtA hai yaha isakA tAtparya hai| zaMkA-koI-koI vijayAdika ke deva manuSya hote haiN| anantara saudharma aura aizAna kalpa meM dega hote haiN| anantara manuSya hote haiM phira nijayAdika meM devA hote haiM aura anta meM jahA~ se cyuta hokara manuSya hote haiM taba kahIM mokSa jAte haiN| isa prakAra isa nidhi se nicAra karane para manuSya ke tIna bhana ho jAte haiM, isaliye manuSya bhanA kI apekSA dvicaramapanA nahIM ThaharatA ? samAdhAna-- taba bhI jiyAdika se to do bAra hI manuSya janma lenA par3atA hai, isaliye pUrvokta kathana bana jAtA hai| aisA jIva yadyapi madhya meM eka bAra anya kalpa meM ho AyA hai para sUtrakAra ne yahA~ usakI vivakSA nahIM kI hai| unakI dRSTi yahI batalAne kI rahI ki vijayAdika se adhika se adhika kitanI bAra manuSya hokara jIva mokSa jAtA hai| ___ zaMkA-nau graiveyaka taka ke devoM ke liye bhI mokSa jAne kA koI niyama hai ? __ samAdhAna-nau avayaka taka abhavya jIva bhI paidA hote haiM isaliye vahA~ taka ke devoM ke liye mokSa jAne kA koI niyama nahIM hai / / 26 // tiryaMcoM kA svarUpaaupapAdikamanuSyebhyaH zeSAstiyagyonayaH // 27 //
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________________ 4. 28.] bhavanAsiyoM kI utkRSTa sthiti kA varNana 161 aupapAdika aura manuSyoM ke sivA zepa saba saMsArI jIva tiryaMcayonivAle haiN| tiryaMcoM kA aneka jagaha varNana A cukA hai para vahA~ yaha nahIM batalAyA gayA ki tiyaca kauna haiN| isa sUtra dvArA yahI batalAyA gayA hai / upapAda janma se deva aura nAraka paidA hote haiM yaha pahale batalA Aye haiN| Arya aura mleccha isa prakAra manuSya do prakAra ke haiM yaha bhI pahale batalA Aye haiN| ina tIna gatiyoM ke prANiyoM ko chor3akara jitane saMsArI jIva zeSa bacate haiM ve saba tiryaMca haiN| ye deva, nAraka aura manuSyoM ke samAna kevala paJcendriya na hokara ekendriya Adi ke bheda se pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM / ye bAdara aura sUkSma do prakAra ke hote haiN| inameM se bAdara tiyaca AdhAra se hI rahate haiM aura sUkSma tiryaca saba loka meM pAye jAte haiN| kintu itanI vizeSatA hai ki ye bheda ekendriya tiyacoM ke hI haiN| do indriya se lekara zeSa saba tiryaMca bAdara hI hote haiM / 27 / __ bhavanavAsiyoM kI utkRSTa sthiti kA varNanasthitirasuranAgasuparNadvIpazeSANAM sAgaropamatripalyopamA - honamitA / 28 / asurakumAra, nAgakumAra, supaNakumAra, dvIpakumAra aura zeSa bhavanavAsiyoM kI sthiti krama se eka sAgaropama, tIna, DhAI, do aura Der3ha palyopama hai| ___ Age seMtIsaveM sUtra meM saba bhavanavAsiyoM kI jaghanya sthiti batalAI hai isalie isa sthiti ko utkRSTa samajhanA caahie| yadyapi yaha sthiti sAmAnya se asurakumAra Adi avAntara bhedoM ko batalAI hai to bhI yaha usa avAntara bheda meM dakSiNa dizA ke indra kI jAnanI caahie| arthAt asurakumAroM ke dakSiNa dizA ke indra kI sthiti 13
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________________ 262 tattvArtha sUtra [4. 26-32. eka sAgaropama ko hotI hai| isI prakAra zeSa nau bhedoM ke dakSiNa dizA ke indroM kI tIna palya Adi sthiti jAna lenA cAhiye / kintu isI sthiti ko sAdhika kara dene para vaha uttara dizA ke indroM kI ho jAtI hai itanA yahA~ vizepa jAnanA cAhiye / ina asurakumAra Adi ke zeSa sAmAnika Adi bhedoM kI sthiti lokAnuyoga ke anthoM se jAna lenA cAhiye / sUtra meM aise bheda kI vivakSA na karake sthiti kahI gaI hai| phira bhI vaha kisake prApta hotI hai yaha vyAkhyAna vizeSa se hI jAnA jAtA hai / 28 / / ___ vaimAnikoM kI utkRSTa sthiti-- saudharmezAnayoH sAgaropame adhike / 29 / sAnatkumAramAhendrayoH sapta / 30 / trisaptanavaikAdazatrayodazapaJcadazabhiradhikAni tu / 31 / AraNAcyutAdUrdhvamekaikena navasu graiveyakeSu vijayAdipu sarvArthasiddhau ca / 32 / saudharma aura aizAna meM kucha adhika do sAgaropama sthiti hai| sAnatkumAra mAhendra meM kucha adhika sAta sAgaropama sthiti hai| brahma-brahmottara yugala se lekara pratyeka yugala meM krama se sAdhika tIna se adhika sAta sAgaropama, sAdhika sAta se adhika sAta sAgaropama, sAdhika nau se adhika sAta sAgaropama, sAdhika gyAraha se adhika sAta sAgaropama, teraha se adhika sAta sAgaropama aura pandraha se adhika sAta sAgaropama pramANa sthiti hai / bhAraNa-acyuta ke Upara nau greveyaka meM se pratyeka meM; nau anudiza meM, cAra vijayAdika meM eka eka sAgaropama adhika sthiti hai aura sarvArthasiddhi meM pUrI teMtIsa sAgaropama pramANa sthiti hai| vaimAnikoM kI Age 33 aura 34 veM sUtra meM jaghanya sthiti bata
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________________ 4. 26-32.] vaimAnikoM kI utkRSTa sthiti 163 lAI jAyagI isase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha utkRSTa sthiti hai| pahale svarga meM sAmAnyataH utkRSTa sthiti do sAgaropama kI hAnI hai| kintu ghAtAyuSka samyagdRSTi jIva yadi ina kalpoM meM paidA hotA hai to usakI sthiti do sAgara se kucha adhika hotI hai, isI se ina donoM kalpoM kI utkRSTa sthiti do sAgaropama se kucha adhika kahI hai| zaMkA-ghAtAyuSka samyagdRSTi kA kyA matalaba hai ? samAdhAna-jisake devAyu kA adhika sthiti bandha aura pazcAt saMklezarUpa pariNAmoM se usakA sthitighAta ye donoM kriyAyeM samyagdarzana ke sadbhAva meM hotI haiM vaha ghAtAyuSka samyagdRSTi kahalAtA hai| matalaba yaha hai ki jisa samyagdRSTi ne vizuddha pariNAmoM ke nimitta se devAyu kA adhika sthiti bandha kiyA kintu pazcAt pariNAmoM meM saMkleza bar3ha jAne se usa bA~dhI huI sthiti kA ghAta bhI kiyA vaha ghAtAyuSka samyagdRSTi kahalAtA hai| aisA jIva yadi prathama kalpa yugala meM utpanna hotA hai to vahA~ usako antarmuhUrta kama DhAI sAgaropama taka utkRSTa sthiti pAI jAtI hai| Age chaThe kalpa yugala taka apanI-apanI sthiti kI yahI vyavasthA jAnanA cAhiye / kyoMki ghAtAyuSka samyagdRSTi jIva vahIM taka utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra dUsare kalpa yugala meM sAta sAgaropama se kucha adhika, tIsare kalpa yugala meM dasa sAgaropama se kucha adhika, cauthe kalpa yugala meM caudaha sAgaropama se kucha adhika pA~caveM kalpa yugala meM solaha sAgaropama se kucha adhika aura chaThe kalpayugala meM aThAraha sAgaropama se kucha adhika utkRSTa sthiti prApta hotI hai| SaSTha kalpayugala se Age arthAt terahaveM Adi kalpa meM ghAtAyuSka samyagdRSTi jIva nahIM utpanna hotA isaliye vahA~ kucha adhika sthiti na kahakara pUre sAgaropamoM dvArA sthiti kahI gaI hai / 31 veM nambara ke sUtra meM Aye hue 'tu' pada se yaha vizeSatA vyakta hotI hai|
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________________ 164 tattvArthasUtra [4. 33-34. isa prakAra sAtaveM kalpayagala meM bIsa sAgaropama aura AThaveM kalpayugala meM bAIsa sAgaropama pramANa utkRSTa sthiti hotI hai| isake Age nau greveyakoM meM se pratyeka meM eka-eka sAgaropama sthiti bar3hakara antima praiveyaka meM ikatIsa sAgaropama utkRSTa sthiti prApta hotI hai / tathA nau anudizoM meM battIsa sAgaropama aura cAra anuttaroM meM tetIsa sAgaropama utkRSTa sthiti hotI hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM pUrI tetIsa sAgaropama utkRSTa sthiti hai / 26-32 / vaimAnikoM kI jaghanya sthitiaparA palyopamamadhikam / 33 / parataH parataH pUrvA pUrvA'nantarA / 34 / prathama kalpayugala meM jaghanya sthiAMta sAdhika eka palyopama kI hai| tathA pUrva pUrva ko utkRSTa sthiti anantara-anantara kI jaghanya sthiti hai| prastuta do sUtroM meM do bAteM batalAI gaI haiN| prathama yaha ki prathama kalpayugala meM jaghanya sthiti sAdhika eka palyopama hai aura dUsarI yaha ki pahale pahale kI utkRSTa sthiti usake Age Age kI jaghanya sthiti hai| isakA yaha abhiprAya hai ki prathama kalpayugala kI utkRSTa sthiti dUsare kalpayugala meM jaghanya sthiti hai / tathA dUsare kalpayugala kI utkRSTa sthiti tIsare kalpayugala meM jaghanya sthiti hai / isI prakAra cAra anuttara vimAnoM taka samajhanA cAhiye / arthAt nau anudiza vimAnoM kI utkRSTa sthiti vijayAdika cAra anuttara vimAnoM kI jaghanya sthiti hai / sarvArthasiddhi meM jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti kA bheda hI nahIM hai, isaliye usakI jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti nahIM batalAI / zaGkA-sUtra se yaha kaise jAnA ki sarvArthasiddhi meM jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti nahIM hotI ?
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________________ 4. 35-36. ] nArakoM kI jaghanya sthiti 195 samAdhAna- - 32 veM sUtra meM 'sarvArthasiddhi' yaha pATha alaga rakhA hai, isase jJAta hotA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi meM jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti nahIM ho zaGkA- - kyA pUrva pUrva kI utkRSTa sthiti hI Age Age kI jaghanya sthiti hotI hai yA usameM kucha vizeSatA hai ? samAdhAna - pUrva pUrva kI utkRSTa sthiti meM eka samaya milAne para Age Age kI jaghanya sthiti hotI hai / udAharaNArtha - terahaveM aura caudahaveM kalpa ko utkRSTa sthiti bIsa sAgaropama hai / isameM eka samaya milA dene para vaha pandrahaveM aura solahaveM kalpa kI jaghanya sthiti hotI hai / zaGkA - yaha vizeSatA sUtra meM kyoM nahIM kahI ? samAdhAna- ati sUkSma hone se ise sUtra meM nahIM kahA / nArakoM kI jaghanya sthiti nArakANAM ca dvitIyAdiSu / 35 / dazavarSasahasrANi prathamAyAm / 36 / dUsarA Adi bhUmiyoM meM nArakoM kI pUrva pUrva ko utkRSTa sthiti hI anantara kI jaghanya sthiti hai / pahalI bhUmi meM dasa hajAra varSa jaghanya sthiti hai / pahale cauMtIsaveM sUtra meM devoM kI jaghanya sthiti kA jo krama batalA Aye haiM vahI krama yahA~ dvitIyAdi bhUmiyoM meM nArakoM kI jaghanya sthiti kA hai / arthAt pahalI bhUmi ko eka sAgaropama utkRSTa sthiti dUsarA bhUmi meM jaghanya sthiti hai aura dUsarI bhUmi ko tIna sAgaropama utkRSTa sthiti tIsarI bhUmi meM jaghanya sthiti hai / isI prakAra sAtavIM bhUmi taka jaghanya sthiti jAna lenA cAhiye / kintu isase pahalI bhUmi meM nArakoM kI jaghanya sthiti jJAta nahIM hotI, ataH usakA jJAna
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________________ 166 tattvArthasUtra [4.37-41. karAne ke liye alaga se sUtra racA hai| pahalI bhUmi meM nArakoM kI jaghanya sthiti dasa hajAra varSa pramANa hai / 35-36 / bhavanavAsiyoM kI jaghanya sthitibhavaneSu ca / 37 / usI prakAra bhavanavAsiyoM kI jaghanya sthiti dasa hajAra varSa pramANa hai| ____ bhavanavAsiyoM ke pratyeka avAntara bheda kI utkRSTa sthiti aTThAisaveM sUtra meM batalA Aye haiM kintu unakI jaghanya sthiti batalAnA zeSa thA jo isa sUtra dvArA batalAI gaI hai / yaha dasa hajAra varSa pramANa jaghanya sthiti bhavanavAsiyoM ke saba avAntara bhedoM kI hai yaha isa sUtra kA tAtparya hai // 37 // vyantaroM kI sthitivyantarANAM ca / 38 / parA palyopamadhikam / 38 / tathA vyantaroM kI jaghanya sthiti dasa hajAra varSa hai / aura utkRSTa sthiti sAdhika palyopama pramANa hai| saba prakAra ke vyantaroM kI jaghanya sthiti dasa hajAra varSa pramANa aura utkRSTha sthiti sAdhika palyApama pramANa hai yaha prastuta sUtroM kA tAtparya hai / 38-36 / jyotiSkoM kI sthitijyotiSkANAM c| 40 / tadaSTabhAgo'parA / 41 / / isI prakAra jyotiSkoM kI utkRSTa sthiti sAdhika palyopama pramANa hai|
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________________ 4. 42.] laukAntikoM kI sthiti 167 ora jaghanya sthiti unako utkRSTa sthiti kA AThavA~ bhAga pramANa hai| ___ jyotiSkoM ke pA~ca bheda haiM candra, sUrya, graha, nakSatra aura prakIrNaka taarkaa| inameM se candra ko sthiti eka lAkha varSa adhika eka palyopama pramANa hai| sUrya kI sthiti eka hajAra varSa adhika eka palyApama pramANa hai| grahoM meM zukra kI sau varSa adhika eka palyopama pramANa hai| guru kI palyopama pramANa hai| budha, maGgala aura zani Adi zeSa grahoM kI AdhA palyopama pramANa hai / tArakoM aura nakSatroM kI utkRSTa sthiti palyopama kA cauthA bhAga pramANa hai aura sabako jaghanya sthiti palyopama kA AThavA~ bhAga pramANa hai||40-42|| laukAntikoM kI sthitilaukAntikAnAmaSTau sAgaropamANi sarveSAm / 42 / saba laukAntikoM kI sthiti ATha sAgaropama pramANa hai| __ aba taka devoM ke saba bheda prabhedoM kI sthiti kA nirdeza to. kiyA kintu laukAntika devoM kI sthiti nahIM bata lAI, isaliye prakRta sUtra dvArA usokA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| sava laukAntika devoM kI sthiti ATha sAgaropama pramANa hotI hai yaha isa sUtra kA bhAva hai / inameM sthiti kA jaghanya aura utkRSTa bheda nahIM pAyA jAtA aisA yahA~ jAnanA cAhiye / 42 /
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________________ pAMcavAM adhyAya sAta tattvoM meM se jIva tattva kA nirUpaNa dUsare adhyAya se lekara cauthe adhyAya taka kiyaa| aba isa adhyAya meM ajIva tattva kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| . ajIvAstikAyake bheda-- ajIvakAyA dharmAdharmAkAzapudgalAH / 1 / : dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura pudgalAstikAya ye cAra ajIvakAya haiN| ajIva zabda jIva zabda kA niSedhaparaka hai, jo jIva nahIM vaha ajIva isakA yaha abhiprAya hai ki pahale upayoga ko jIva kA lakSaNa kahA hai vaha jisameM nahIM pAyA jAtA vaha ajIva hai| isa prakAra jIva ke lakSaNa kA kathana karane se ajIva kA lakSaNa apane Apa phAlata ho jAtA hai, isaliye sUtrakAra ne ajIva kA lakSaNa na kahakara sarva prathama usake bheda ginAe haiN| sUtrakAra ne ajIva zabda ke sAtha kAya zabda bhI jor3A hai| isa zabda se pradezoM kA bahutva jAnA jAtA hai| isakA yaha matalaba hai ki sUtrakAra ne yahA~ una ajIva padArthoM ko ginAyA hai jo zarIra ke samAna bahupradezI hote haiN| ajIvoM meM aise mUla padArtha cAra haiM--dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya ora pudgalAstikAya / astikAya kA matalaba hai bahupradezI bhAvAtmaka padArtha / dharmAdika ye cAroM dravya eka pradezarUpa na hokara pradezoM ke pracaya rUpa haiM isaliye to kAyavAle haiM aura bhAvarUpa haiM isaliye asti padavAcya haiN| isIse ye astikAya kahalAte haiM / yadyapi pudgala dravya mUlataH eka pradezarUpa hai
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________________ 5. 1.] Ithara kA paricaya 166 pradezoM ke pracayarUpa nahIM phira bhI usake pratyeka aNu meM pracayarUpa hone kI zakti hai, isaliye usakI parigaNanA bhI astikAyoM meM kI jAtI hai| ____kAla ajova tattva hokara bhI kAyavAlA nahIM hai isaliye yahA~ usakI parigaNanA nahIM kI gaI hai| ___ ina cAra astikAyoM meM se darzanAntaroM meM AkAza kA to spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya aura vaizeSika Adi sabhI Astika darzanoM meM AkAza tattva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| pudgala tattva ko bhI ina darzanoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai sahI para ve isakA prakRti, paramANu Adi rUpa se nAmollekha karate haiN| kintu dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ko anya kisI bhI dazanAntara meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai para isase inake astitva ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki lokAloka kA vibhAga aura gati sthiti kI sAdhAraNa kAraNatA isase inakA astitva jAnA jAtA hai| ___Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ke anusandhAna se bhI ukta kathana kI puSTi hotI hai| gati, sthiti aura avagAhana ke sAdhAraNa kAraNa rUpase bhinna bhinna tattvoM ko svIkAra karane kI ora unakA bhI dhyAna gayA hai| isake pariNAma svarUpa ve tejovAhI Ithara (eumaniferous-ether ) kSetra ( field ) aura AkAza (space) ina tIna tattvoM ko svatantra rUpase svIkAra karane lage haiM jinheM kramazaH dharma, adharma aura AkAza sthAnIya mAnA jA sakatA hai| ina tIna tattvoM ke viSaya meM anusandhAna hokara jo niSpanna huA hai usakA vivaraNa Age diyA jAtA hai| Ithara kA paricaya-- tejovAhI Ithara sampUrNa jagat meM vyApta hai aura yaha vidyut cumbakIya taraMgoM kI gati kA mAdhyama hai| prakAza ke taraMga siddhAnta ke
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________________ 200 tattvArthasUtra [5. 1. anusandhAna ke samaya vaijJAnikoM kA dhyAna isa prakAra ke tejovAhI mAdhyama kI ora gayA thA aura unhoMne usa samaya Adhunika vaijJAnikoM Ithara meM paudgalika guNoM kI kalpanA kI thii| Ithara kA mata meM paudgalika guNa AkAra sthApakatva (rigidity ) Adi hote haiM isa siddhAnta ke anusAra yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki prakAza taraMgoM ko vibhinna dizAoM meM honevAlI gati para Ithara aura pRthivI kI sApekSa gati ( relative mation ) ke kAraNa prabhAva par3anA caahiye| kintu mAIkelasana mArle ke prayoga se yaha spaSTa hai ki prakAza taraGgoM kI gati para isa prakAra kA koI prabhAva lakSita nahIM hotaa| isase spaSTa hai ki Ithara podgalika nahIM hai| prophesara eDiMgTana ne 'necara oNpha phijikala varlDa' pustaka meM likhA hai ki 'Ajakala graha sarvasammata hai ki Ithara kisI bhI prakAra kI prakRti ( matter ) nahIM hai / tathA prakRti se bhinna hone ke kAraNa usake guNa bhI bilkula viziSTa hone cAhiye / mAtrA ( mass ) aura AkArasthApakatva (rigidity ) jaise guNa bhI usameM nahIM hone cAhiye / ' prophesara maiksavaoNnane 'raisTalaisa yUnIvarsa' pustaka meM pRSTha 115 para likhA hai ki 'mAikelsana maoNrle-prayoga aura sApekSavAda ke siddhAnta se yaha spaSTa hai ki Ithara sAdhAraNa pArthiva vastuoM se bhinna honA caahiye| - kSetra ( field ) kA paricaya. nyUTana ne vizva kI sthiratA kA kAraNa gurutvAkarSaNa (gravitation ) batAyA thaa| isake viSaya meM do bAteM thiiN| prathama to yaha ki nyUTana ne ise sakriya zakti ( aclive force ) mAnA thaa| kintu sApekSavAda siddhAnta ke AviSkartA alavarTa AinsTAina ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki gurutvAkarSaNa sakriya zakti nahIM hai| dUsarI
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________________ 5. 1.] 201 AkAza kA paricaya bAta yaha ki gurutvAkarSaNa kA kAryasAdhaka (agent) paudgalika hai athavA apaudgalika isa viSaya meM usane kucha nahIM kahA thaa| vaijJAnika loga abhI taka sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatroM Adi kI sthiratA kA kAraNa aura vastuoM ke pRthivI kI ora girane kA kAraNa gurutvAkarSaNa mAnate rahe haiN| vaijJAnika prayogoM se yaha bhI AbhAsa milA hai ki gurutvAkarSaNa prakAza aura anya vidyuta cumbakIya ghaTanAoM (electro mognetie phenomena ) se sambaddha hai| kintu aba gurutvAkarSaNa aura vidyut cumbakIya zakti ke kArya ke mAdhyama ( medium ) svarUpa kSetra ( field ) kI ora bhI vaijJAnikoM kA dhyAna gayA hai| henazaoNvArDa ne eka sthAna para likhA hai ki hama yaha nahIM samajha sakate ki binA mAdhyama ke zakti dvArA dUravartI sthAna para kArya kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra yadyapi vaijJAnikoM kA dhyAna isa ora gayA hai sahI kintu isake guNoM ke viSaya meM unakA koI nizcita mata nahIM hai| itanA avazya hai ki jahA~ unhoMne isameM paudgalika guNa mAnane kA prayatna kiyA hai vahA~ unake mArga meM aneka kaThinAiyA~ AI haiN| sambhava hai ki bhaviSya meM ve isako apaudgalikatA ko svIkAra kara leM aura isa taraha gati kA mAdhyama Ithara kI taraha sthiti kA mAdhyama bhI svIkAra kara liyA jAya / - AkAza kA paricayajaina dharma meM batalAye gaye AkAza aura vaijJAnikoM ke 'spesa' (space ) ke siddhAnta meM bahuta kucha sAmya hai| isake vipaya meM sApekSavAda ke AcArya prophesara eDiMgTana ne 'da necara oNpha da phijIkala varlDa' pustaka meM pRSTha 80 para likhA hai ki 'sApekSavAda ke siddhAnta ke pUrva vaijJAnika loga AkAza ko sImita mAnate the, ananta AkAza kI kisI ne kalpanA bhI na kI thii| kintu sApekSavAda kahatA hai ki yadi AkAza sImita hai to usakI sImA ke bAhara kyA hai, isaliye
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________________ 202 tattvArthasUtra AkAza ananta hai yA sasIma hai isa prazna kA vaha ina zabdoM meM uttara detA hai ki AkAza samIma hai kintu usakA anta nahIM hai / aMgrejI meM isI bAta ko 'phAinAiTa baTa anabAunDeDa' (finite but unbounded ) zabdoM dvArA vyakta kiyA jAtA hai / ' AindAina ke matAnusAra AkAza ( space ) kI samomatA usameM rahanevAlI prakRti ( matter ) ke nimitta se hai| prakRti (pudgala) ke abhAva meM AkAza ananta hai / 1 / ukta astikAyoM meM dravyapane kI svIkAratAdravyANi / 2 / dharmAstikAya Adi ukta cAroM dravya haiN| jo apanI apanI paryAyoM meM dravaNa arthAt anvaya ko prApta hotA hai vaha dravya kahalAtA hai / dravya kI dravyatA yahI hai ki vaha apanI trikAla meM honevAlI paryAyoM meM vyApa kara rhe| ina dharmAstikAya Adi meM dravya kA yaha lakSaNa pAyA jAtA hai isaliye inheM prastuta sUtra meM dravya rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| padArtha na to kevala paryAya rUpa hI hai aura na kevala anAdinidhana yA nitya hI hai kintu vaha parivartanazIla hokara bhI anAdinidhana hai| pUrva sUtra meM jo cAra dharmAstikAya Adi ginA Aye haiN| ve isa prakAra ke haiM yahI isa sUtra kA Azaya hai ! vaizeSika Adi ne dravyatva ko pRthak se sAmAnya nAmakA padArtha mAnA hai aura usake samavAya sambandha se pRthivA Adi ko dravya svIkAra kiyA hai kintu dravyatva aura pRthivo Adi dravyoM ko pRthak pRthak siddhi na hone se unakA aisA kathana karanA yukta pratIta nahIM hotaa| sAMkhya puruSa ko to kUTastha nitya mAnatA hai aura prakRti ko pariNAmI nitya / aba yadi puruSa ko kUTastha nitya mAnA jAya to .
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________________ 5. 3.] jIvoM meM dravyapane kI svIkAratA 203 usakA prakRti ke sAtha saMyoga nahIM bana sktaa| tathA prakRti meM pariNAmI nityatA tabhI bana sakatI hai jaba vaha usakA svabhAva mAna liyA jAya / kintu pariNAmI nityatA yadi prakRti kA svabhAva svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to mUla prakRti ko vikAra rAhata kahanA yukta nahIM ThaharatA / bauddha paramparA meM kevala santAna svIkAra kI gaI hai jo binA santAnI ke vana nahIM sktii| isase spaSTa hai ki ye saba mAnyatAe~ kevala eka eka dRSTikoNa ko pradhAnatA se hI svIkAra kI gaI haiM jisase mUla vastu ke pUre svarUpa para prakAza nahIM par3atA, isaliye Upara jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra jo padArtha kA parivartanazIla hokara anAdinidhana batalAyA hai vahI batalAnA yukta pratIta. hotA hai / 2 / .. jIvoM meM dravyapane kI svIkAratAjIvAzca / 3 / jIva bhI dravya haiN| . dravya kA jo svarUpa pichale sUtra meM batalA Aye haiM vaha jIvoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai, yahI batalAne ke liye prastuta sUtra kI racanA huI hai| isase mAlUma par3atA hai ki anya dravyoM se jIva dravya svatantra hai| zaMkA-vaizeSika darzana meM pRthivI Adi nau dravya svIkAra kiye haiM, unheM jaina darzana meM dravya rUpa se pRthak kyoM nahIM batalAyA hai ? samAdhAna-baizeSaka darzana meM jo nau dravya mAne haiM unameM se pRthivI, jala, agni aura vAyu ye svatantra dravya na hokara inakA anta va pudgala dravya meM ho jAtA hai, kyoMki ye pRthivI Adi eka puUla dravya ke vividha prakAra ke pariNamana haiN| isI prakAra mana kA bhI pudgala dravya yA jIva dravya meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| mana do prakAra kA hai-dravyamana aura bhAvamana / unameM se dravyamana kA pudgala dravya meM
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________________ 204 tattvArthasUtra aura bhAvamana kA jIva dravya meM antarbhAva hotA hai| tathA dizA AkAza se pRthak nahIM hai, kyoMki sUrya ke udayAdika ko apekSA se AkAza meM pUrva-pazcima Adi dizAoM kA vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai| isaliye vaizapika darzana meM svIkAra kiye gaye sava dravyoM ko jaina darzana meM pRthak rUpa se svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| ___zaMkA-jisameM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ye cAroM pAye jAte haiM vaha pRthivI hai / jisameM rUpa, rasa aura sparza ye tIna pAye jAte haiM vaha jala hai| jisameM rUpa aura sparza pAyA jAtA hai vaha agni hai aura jisameM kevala rUpa pAyA jAtA hai vaha vAyu hai| isa prakAra ye svatantra rUpa se cAra dravya siddha hote haiM / ina cAroM ko eka pudgala dravya svarUpa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai ? samAdhAna--ye pRthivI Adi jina paramANuoM se bane haiM unakI jAti eka hai yaha vartamAna vijJAna se bhI siddha hai, isaliye ina cAroM ko svatantra-svatantra dravya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha--vAyu ko va anya vAtioM (gases ) ko dravya rUpa meM pariNata kiyA jA sakatA hai| tarala avasthA meM vAyu kA raMga halakA nIlA hotA hai| adhikAMza vAtiyoM ke tarala rUpa meM varNa ke sAtha unameM rasa aura gandha bhI pAyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra tApa ke viSaya meM vaijJAnika prayogoM se yaha siddha huA hai ki jaba kisI vastu meM vyUhANu-udvelana ( molecularagitation ) adhika ho jAtA hai taba usakA tApa bar3ha jAtA hai aura hameM garmI kA anubhava hone lagatA hai| yaha eka prakAra kI UrjA hai aura vaijJAnika loga UrjA tathA prakRti (pudgala ) ko eka mAnate haiM / isase siddha hai ki vAyu aura agni svatantra-svatantra dravya na hokara pudgala kI hI avasthA vizeSa haiN| isI prakAra jala bhI svatantra dravya nahIM hai aisA samajhanA cAhiye / vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se prakRti ( matter ) ko Thosa, tarala aura vAtirUpa mAnA jAtA hai|
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________________ 5. 4-7.] mUla dharmoM kA sAdharmya aura vaidharmya 205 isa dRSTi se pRthivI, jala aura vAyu svayaM hI pudgala meM antarbhUta ho jAte haiN| agni kA antarbhAva to pahale kara hI Aye haiN| isa prakAra pratyeka dRSTi se vicAra karane para ye pRthivI Adi cAroM eka pudgala dravya rUpa haiM yaha siddha hotA hai inheM sarvathA svatantra mAnanA ucita nhiiN| ___ dUsare aura tIsare sUtra dvArA dharmAstikAya Adi pA~coM dravya haiM yaha batalAyA gayA hai| arthAt dravyatva kI apekSA ina sabameM samAnatA pAI jAtI hai yaha ukta kathana kA tAtparya hai| 3 / mUla dravyoM kA sAdharmya aura vaidhayaM nityAvasthitAnyarUpANi / 4 / rUpiNaH pudgalAH / 5 / A AkAzAdekadravyANi / 6 / niSkriyANi ca / 7 / ukta dravya nitya haiM, avasthita haiM aura arUpI haiM / pudgala rUpI arthAt mUta haiN| ukta pA~ca meM se AkAza taka ke dravya eka eka haiN| aura niSkriya haiN| ina cAra sUtroM dvArA ukta pA~ca dravyoM kA sAdharmya aura vaidharmya dikhalAyA gayA hai| sAdhaya se kisI dharma kI apekSA samAnatA aura vaidharmya se kisI dharma kI apekSA asamAnatA lI jAtI hai| nityatva aura avasthitatva ye do dharma aise haiM jo ukta pA~coM dravyoM meM samAna haiN| dharmAstikAya Adi pA~coM dravya nitya haiM arthAt ve kabhI bhI apane svarUpa se cyuta nahIM hote aura avasthita haiM arthAt ve
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________________ 206 tattvArthasUtra [5. 4-7. apanI saMkhyA kA ullaMghana nahIM karate, yaha ukta kathana kA tAtparya hai| kintu inameM dharmAstikAya Adi cAra dravya hI arUpI haiM pudagala dravya nahIM / vaha to rUpI hai| isaliye isakI apekSA dharmAstikAya Adi cAra dravyoM meM hI sAdharmya pAyA jAtA hai, pudgala dravya kA vaha vaidharmya hai| isI prakAra pudgaloM meM rahanevAlA rUpitva ina dharmAstikAya Adi dravyoM kA vaidharmya hai| zaMkA-nityatva aura avasthitatva meM kyA antara hai ? samAdhAna-apane apane vizepa aura sAmAnya svarUpa se kadAcita bhI cyuta honA nityatva hai aura dravyoM kI jitanI saMkhyA hai use ullaMghana nahIM karanA arthAt naye dravya kI utpatti na hokara dravya jitane haiM utane kAyama rahanA avasthitatva hai / jaise dharma dravya apane gatihetutvAtmaka sAmAnya dharma ko kabhI nahIM chor3atA, isalie vaha nitya hai| isI prakAra sabhI dravyoM meM nityatva ghaTita kara lenA cAhiye / tathA saba dravya chaha haiM isa prakAra chaha rUpa saMkhyA kA koI bhI dravya tyAga nahIM karatA isalie ve avasthita haiN| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki ve apane apane svarUpa meM sthira rahate hue bhI anya vastu ke svarUpa ko nahIM prApta hote / jaise apane svarUpa meM sthita rahatA huzrA bhI dharma dravya kabhI bhI adharmAdi anya! dravyoM ke svarUpa ko nahIM prApta hotaa| yahA~ dravyoM ko nitya kahane se unakA zAzvatapanA sUcita kiyA gayA hai aura avasthita kahane se paraspara kA asAMkarya sUcita kiyA gayA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki dharmAdika dravya kAyama rahate huye bhI unameM aneka prakAra kA pariNamana hotA hai, isaliye avasthita : pada ke dene se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki dharma, adharma. AkAza aura kAla ye na kabhI mUta hote haiM aura na upayoga rUpa, isI prakAra' jIva kabhI acetana nahIM hotA aura pudgala kabhI cetana tathA amUrta nahIM hotA / ve sadA jaise haiM vaise hI bane rahate haiN|
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________________ 5. 4-7.] mUla dharmoM kA sAdharmya aura vaidharmya zaMkA-dharmAdika cAra dravya arUpI haiM isakA kyA Azaya hai ? . ___ samAdhAna-yadyapi arUpI zabda meM rUpa pada varNavAcI hai tathApi isase usake avinAbhAvI rasa, gandha aura sparza ina sabakA grahaNa ho jAtA hai, isaliye yaha artha huA ki dharmAstikAya Adi dravya rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi dharmoM se rahita haiM / / 4 / / rUpa zabda kA artha mUrti hai| isaliye pudgala rUpI hai isakA artha huA ki pudgala mUrta hai| yahAM mUrti se rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza sabhI indriya grAhya guNoMkA grahaNa hotA hai / ye saba guNa pudgalda meM pAye jAte haiM isaliye pudgala hI mUrta hai ise chor3akara zeSa saba dravyaya amUrta haiN| ___ zaMkA-mUrta aura AkAra ye zabda kabhI kabhI eka artha meM bhI Ate haiM isaliye kyA dharmAdika dravya amUrta ke samAna AkAra rahita bhI hote haiM ? samAdhAna-vAstava meM AkAra zabda saMsthAnavAcI aura svarUpa vAcI hai| kabhI kabhI isakA artha vaNaM bhI le liyA jAtA hai| jaba AkAra kA artha varNa liyA jAtA hai taba to AkAra aura mUrti zabda samAnArthaka ho jAte haiN| parantu isaprakAra kA AkAra dharmAdika dravyoM meM nahIM pAyA jAtA isaliye ve nirAkAra parigaNita kiye jAte haiN| kintu jaba AkAra kA artha svarUpa kiyA jAtA hai, taba dharmAdika dravya bhI sAkAra Thaharate haiM, kyoMki unakA bhI apanA apanA svarUpa hai, isaliye unheM sarvathA prAkAra rahita nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| ___ zaMkA-yadi ye rUpa rasAdika indriya grAhya guNa haiM to paramANukA bhI grahaNa honA cAhiye, kyoM ki isameM bhI ye guNa pAye jAte haiM ? samAdhAna-indriyAM sthUla pudgala ko hI grahaNa karatI haiN| yataH paramANu atisUkSma hotA hai isaliye usameM rUpa rasAdika ke rahate hue
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________________ 208 tattvArthasUtra 5.4-7. bhI unakA indriyoM dvArA grahaNa nahIM hotaa| para isase rUpa rasAdika kI indriya grAhyatA samApta nahIM ho jAtI hai // 5 // dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya aura AkAzAstikAya ye tIna dravya 'eka eka haiN| isakA yaha abhiprAya hai ki yadyapi kSetra bheda aura bhAva bheda Adi kI apekSA ye asaMkhyAta aura ananta haiM para dravyakI apekSA 'eka eka hI haiM, jIvoM aura pudgaloM kI taraha aneka nhiiN| __isI prakAra ye tInoM dravya niSkriya haiM / dravya kI vaha pradeza calanAtmaka paryAya jo eka deza se dUsare deza meM prAptikA hetu ho kriyA kahalAtI hai / isa prakAra kI kriyA se ukta tIna dravya rahita haiM isaliye ve niSkriya mAne gaye haiM / arthAt ina tIna dravyoM kA dezAntara meM gamanAjAmana nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra eka dravyatva aura niSkriyatva ye donoN| dharma dharmAstikAya Adi ukta tInoM dravyoM kA sAdharmya hai aura jIvAstikAya tathA pudgalAstikAya ina donoM dravyoM kA vaidharmya hai| . zaMkA-paryAya aura kriyA meM kyA antara hai ? samAdhAna-utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ye paryAya haiM aura eka dezase dUsare dezako prApta hone meM jo halana calana hotA hai vaha kriyA hai| ____ utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyarUpa avasthAeM chahoM dravyoM meM hotI haiM kintu kriyA saMsArI jIva aura pudgala ina do meM hI hotI hai isaliye ina do dravyoM ke sivA zeSa dravyoMko niSkriya kahA hai| . zaMkA-yadi dharmAstikAya Adi dravya svayaM niSkriya haiM to ve anya kriyAvAn jIvAdi dravyoMke gamanAdi meM kAraNa kaise ho sakate haiN| samAdhAna-gamanAdi meM ye nimittamAtra haiM, isaliye niSkriya hone para bhI inheM anya dravyoM ke gamanAdi meM kAraNa mAna lene meM koI Apatti nahIM hai // 6-7 //
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________________ 5. 8-11.] ukta dravyoM ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA kA vicAra 209 ukta dravyoM ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA kA vicAraasakhyeyAH pradezA dharmAdharmaikajIvAnAm // 8 // AkAzasyAnantAH // 9 // saMkhyeyAsaMkhyeyAzca pudgalAnAm // 10 // naannoH|| 11 // dharma, adharma aura eka jIvake asaMkhyAta pradeza hote haiM / AkAza ke ananta pradeza hote haiN| pudgala dravyake saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta pradeza hote haiN| aNuke pradeza nahIM hote|| pahale dharma Adi pAMcoM dravyoM ko kAyavAlA kaha Aye haiM aura kAyavAlekA artha hai bhuprdeshii| parantu vahAM unake pradezoM kI saMkhyA nahIM batalAI gaI hai jisakA batalAyA jAnA Avazyaka thA, isaliye prastuta sUtroM dvArA unake pradezoMkI saMkhyA batalAI gaI hai| ___ AkAza ke jitane sthAna ko eka avibhAgI pudgala paramANu rokatA hai vaha pradeza hai| isameM ananta pudgala paramANuoM ko baddha aura abaddha dazA meM avakAza dene kI yogyatA hai| isa hisAba se gaNanA karane para dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya aura eka jIva dravyake asaMkhyAta pradeza hote haiN| ina dravyoM ke ye pradeza paraspara meM sambaddha haiN| inheM pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isI prakAra AkAzAstikAya ke ananta pradeza hote haiN| lokAkAza aura alokAkAza ye AkAza ke do bheda haiM / jitane AkAza meM dharmAdi saba dravya viloke jAte haiM vaha lokAkAza hai aura zeSa alokaakaash| lokAkAza alokAkAza ke atyanta madhya meM sthita hai aura isakA AkAra pUrva pazcima dizA meM kaTi para donoM hAtha rakhe hue aura paira phailA kara khar3e hue puruSa ke samAna hai|
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________________ 210 tattvArthasUtra [5.8-11 inameM se lokakAza ke asaMkhyAta pradeza haiN| prastuta sUtra meM lokAkAza aura alokAkAza yaha bheda na karake sAmAnya AkAza ke pradeza batalAye gaye haiM jo ki ananta haiN|8-9|| pudgAla dravya ke pradeza itara dravyoM ke samAna nizcita nahIM haiM, kyoM ki mUla meM pudgala dravya paramANurUpa hai| kintu bandha ke kAraNa koI pudgala skandha saMkhyAta pradezoM kA hotA hai, koI skandha asaMkhyAta pradezoMkA hotA hai, koI skandha ananta pradezoMkA aura koI skandha anantAnanta pradezoMkA hotA hai| ____ pudgala dravya aura itara dravyoM meM yahI antara hai ki pudgala skandhoMke saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta pradeza bandha ke kAraNa hote haiM, isa liye usake pradeza una skandhoM se alaga alaga ho sakate haiM kintu anya dravyoM ke pradezoMkA bandha prAkRtika hai isa liye unake pradeza apane apane skandhoMse alaga nahIM ho sakate / kAlANuoMkA paraspara meM saMyoga to hai kintu bandha nahIM, isa liye jitane kAlANu haiM utanaM kAla dravya kahe gaye haiN| jaisA ki pahale batalAyA gayA hai ki pudgala dravya mUla meM aNurUpa hai usakA vibhAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isaliye aNuke pradeza nahIM hote yaha kahA hai| isake sambandha meM anyatra likhA hai ki 'jisakA Adi, anta aura madhya nahIM pAyA jAtA, jise indriyoM se nahIM grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA aura jo apradezI hai, arthAt eka pradeza rUpa honeke kAraNa jisake do yA dose adhika pradeza nahIM pAye jAte vaha paramANu hai|' so isakA Azaya yaha hai ki paramANu se alpa parimANavAlI aura koI vastu nahIM pAI jAtI isaliye pradezabhedakI kalpanA sambhava na hone se use apradezI mAnA hai| ___ zaMkA-yadi paramANu sarvathA apradezI hai to usakA eka sAtha aneka paramANuoM ke sAtha saMyoga kaise hotA hai ?
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________________ 5. 8-11.] ukta dravyoM ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA kA vicAra 211 ___ samAdhAna-jaise dvathaNukakA vibhAga hokara do paramANu niSpanna hote haiM vaise paramANukA vibhAga nahIM ho sakatA, isaliye dravyadRSTi se use niraMza mAnA hai| kintu paryAyadRSTi se usameM bhI pUrva bhAga, pazcima bhAga AdirUpa aMza kalpanA kI jAsakatI hai anyathA eka sAtha aneka paramANuoM ke sAtha usakA bandha nahIM ho sktaa| zaMkA-yataH bandha bhI ho jAya aura aMza kalpanA bhI na karanA par3e isa liye paramANuoMkA bandha paraspara meM sarvAtmanA hotA hai aisA mAna lenA cAhiye ? ____samAdhAna-paramANuoM kA bandha paraspara meM sarvAtmanA hotA hai aisA mAnane para vaha kevala eka pradezAvagAhI prApta hogA jo iSTa nahIM hai, isaliye paryAyArthika dRSTi se paramANu ke aMza mAna lene meM koI Apatti nahIM hai| ___ zaMkA-to phira ananta paramANu baddha aura abaddha dazAmeM eka pradeza para bhI rahate haiM, yaha kathana kaise banegA ? samAdhAna-eka to paramANu ati sUkSma hone se vaha apane nivAsa kSetra meM anya paramANu ko Ane se rokatA nahIM isaliye eka pradeza para ananta paramANu samA jAte haiN| dUsare eka paramANu kA dUsare paramANu yA paramANuoM se bandha kathaMcit ekadezena hotA hai aura kathaMcit sarvAsmanA, isaliye baddha dazA meM ananta paramANu eka pradeza para bhI raha jAte haiM aura ekAdhika pradezoM para bhii| koI bandha sUkSma bhAva ko liye hue hotA hai aura koI bandha sthUlabhAva ko liye hue hotA hai| isase bhI avagAha meM antara par3a jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki abaddha dazA meM eka pradeza para eka sAtha jitane paramANu prApta hote haiM ve saba avagAhana guNa kI vizeSatA ke kAraNa vahA~ samA jAte haiM aura baddha dazA meM jisa jAti kA bandha hotA hai usake anusAra avagAha kSetra lagatA hai| koI bandha aisA hotA hai jo ananta paramANuoM kA hokara bhI ekapradezAvagAhI
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________________ 212 tattvArthasUtra [5. 12-16. hotA hai aura koI bandha aisA hotA hai jo do paramANuoM kA hokara bhI do pradezAvagAhI hotA hai| isaliye bandha sarvathA sarvAtmanA hotA hai yaha bhI nahIM mAnanA cAhiye aura sarvathA ekadezena hotA hai yaha bhI nahIM mAnanA caahiye| zaMkA-pradeza aura paramANu meM kyA antara hai ? samAdhAna-vaise to koI antara nahIM hai kintu kevala vyavahAra kA antara hai| jo vibhakta hai yA baMdhakara vichur3a sakatA hai vahA~ paramANu yA aNu vyavahAra hotA hai aura jahA~ vibhAga to nahIM hai aura vibhAga ho bhI nahIM sakatA kintu kevala buddhi se vibhAga kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai vahA~ pradeza vyavahAra hotA hai| udAharaNArtha-pudgala dravya ke paramANu alaga-alaga haiM yA alaga ho sakate haiM isaliye pudgala dravya meM mukhyatayA aNu vyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai yahI bAta kAla dravya kI hai| usake aNu bhI alaga alaga haiM isaliye vahA~ bhI aNu vyavahAra hotA hai| kintu zeSa dravyoM ke pradeza na to vibhakta haiM aura na vibhAga kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu kevala buddhi se vibhAga kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai isaliye vahA~ pradeza vyavahAra hotA hai // 10-11 // dravyoM ke avagAha kSetra kA vicaarlokaakaashe'vgaahH|| 12 // dharmAdharmayoH kRtsne // 13 // ekapradezAdiSu bhAjyaH pudgalAnAm // 14 // asaMkhyeyabhAgAdiSu jIvAnAm // 15 // pradezasaMhAravisarpAbhyAM pradIpavat // 16 // prAdheyabhUta dravyoM kA avagAha lokakAza meM hI hai| dharma aura adharma dravya kA avagAha samagra lokAkAza meM hai|
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________________ 5. 12-16.] dravyoM ke avagAha kSetra kA vicAra 213 pudgala kA avagAha lokAkAza ke eka pradeza Adi meM vikalpa se hotA hai| __jIvoM kA avagAha lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga Adi meM vikalpa' se hotA hai| __kyoMki jIva ke pradezoM kA pradIpa ke samAna saMkoca aura vistAra hotA hai| loka chaha dravyoM kA piNDa hai| lokAkAza kA aisA eka bhI pradeza nahIM jahA~ chaha dravya na hoN| aba prazna yaha hai ki ina chaha dravyoM meM se ___ kauna kauna dravya Adheya haiM aura kauna kauna dravya AdhAra zrAdhArAdhaya vicAra haiM ? isI prazna kA uttara dene ke liye prastuta sUtroM kI racanA huI hai| unameM batalAyA hai ki mAtra AkAza dravya hI AdhAra hai aura zepa saba dravya Adheya haiN| arthAt dharmAdi pA~ca dravyoM kI sthiti AkAza meM hai aura AkAza svapratiSTha hai| aba prazna graha hotA hai ki jaise dharmAdi dravyoM kA AdhAra AkAza hai vaise AkAza kA anya AdhAra honA cAhiye ? to isakA yahI uttara hai ki AkAza kA parimANa sabase bar3A hai isaliye usakA koI dUsarA aAdhAra nahIM hai| tathApi dharmAdi dravya zrAdheya haiM aura AkAza AdhAra hai yaha saba kathana, aupacArika hai tattvataH sabhI dravya svapratiSTa hai arthAt sabhI dravya apane apane svarUpa meM sthita haiM, koI kisI kA AdhAra yA Adheya nahIM hai| to bhI dharmAdika dravya lokAkAza ke bAhara nahIM pAye jAte, kevala isI apekSA se yahA~ AdhArAdheya bhAva kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| ye dharmAdika dravya samagra AkAza meM nahIM rahate / ve usake amuka ___ bhAga meM hI pAye jAte haiN| isa prakAra jitane bhAga meM lAkAlAka vimAna ve pAye jAte haiM utanA AkAza lokAkAza kahalAtA hai| tathA isa bhAga ke cAroM ora jo ananta AkAza vidyamAna hai,
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________________ 214 tattvArthasUtra [5. 12-16. usameM ye dharmAdika dravya nahIM pAye jAte isaliye vaha AlokAkAza kahalAtA hai| ukta dharmAdi dravyoM meM se dharma aura adharma dravya kA samagra lokAkAza meM avagAha hai arthAt ye donoM dravya samagra lokAkAza ko aise vyApta kara sthita haiM jaise tila meM tel| vAstava meM lokAloka kA vibhAga ina donoM dravyoM ke kAraNa hI hai / jitane AkAza meM ye donoM dravya pAye jAte haiM vaha lokAkAza hai aura zeSa AlokAkAza / ____ yadi pudgala vyaktiyoM ke avagAha kSetra kA yA vyaktiyoM se milakara bane hue vividha skandhoM ke avagAha kSetra kA vicAra na karake dharma, adharma, padagala sAmAnya se pudgala dravya mAtra ke avagAha kSetra kA aura jIva dravya ke va vicAra kiyA jAya to vaha samagra loka prApta hotA hai, avagAha kA vicAra kyoki pudgala dravya samagra loka meM vyApta kara sthita - hai| kintu yahA~ para sAmAnya se pudgala dravya mAtra ke avagAha kSetra kA vicAra na kiyA jAkara pudgala vyaktiyoM ke avagAha kSetra kA yA vyaktiyoM se milakara bane hue vividha skandhoM ke avagAha kSetra kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM bhI pudgala vyakti paramANu rUpa eka hI prakAra ke hote haiM isaliye unameM se pratyeka kA avagAha kSetra lokAkAza kA eka pradeza hI prApta hotA hai kintu hInAdhika ina paramANuoM ke saMyoga se bane hue skandha vividha prakAra ke hote haiM isaliye unakA avagAha kSetra bhI vividha prakAra kA hotA hai| jo do paramANuoM ke saMyoga se skandha banatA hai usakA avagAha kSetra eka yA do pradeza hote haiM, kyoMki yadi una paramANuoM kA bandha eka kSetrAvagAhI hotA hai to avagAha kSetra eka pradeza hotA hai aura yadi unakA bandha eka kSetrAvagAhI nahIM hotA hai to avagAha kSetra do pradeza hotA hai| isI prakAra tIna, cAra, pA~ca, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta paramANuoM ke sambandha se bane hue skandha kA avagAha kSetra eka, do,
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________________ 5. 12-16] dravyoM ke avagAha kSetra kA vicAra 215 tIna, cAra, pA~ca, saMkhyAta aura asaMkhyAta pradeza jAna lenA caahiye| yahA~ itanI vizeSatA hai ki skandha meM uttarottara paramANuoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI jAtI hai aura avagAha kSetra hIna hotA jAtA hai tabhI to anantAnanta paramANuoM kA skandha loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM samA jAtA hai| isa prakAra pudgaloM kA avagAha vikalpa se loka ke eka pradeza meM hai, do pradezoM meM hai, saMkhyAta pradezoM meM hai aura asaMkhyAta pradezoM meM hai. yaha siddha hotA hai| ___jaina paramparA meM jIva kA koI eka saMsthAna nahIM mAnA gayA hai, use avyakta saMsthAnavAlA yA anirdiSTa zrAkAravAlA batalAyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki svabhAvataH jIva asaMkhyAta pradezavAlA hai| lokAkAza ke jitane pradeza haiM utane eka jIva ke pradeza haiN| parantu anAdi kAla se vaha svatantra nahIM hai, karmabandhanase baddha hai, isaliye bandhana avasthA meM use choTA bar3A jitanA zarIra milatA hai usake barAbara vaha ho jAtA hai aura mukta avasthA meM jisa antima zarIra se vaha mukta hotA hai usase kucha nyUna rahatA hai| jaina nyAya granthoM meM AtmA kI vyApakatA aura aNuparimANatA donoM kA niSedha karake use jo madhyama parimANavAlA batalAyA gayA hai vaha iso apekSA se batalAyA gayA hai| zarIra bhI sabakA ekasA na hokara kisI kA sabase choTA hotA hai, kisI kA usase kucha bar3A aura kisI kA sabase bdd'aa| sUkSma nigodiyA labdhyaparyAptaka kI jaghanya avagAhanA aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa batalAI hai aura mahAmatsya kI saMkhyAta dhanAMgula pramANa, isI se avagAhanA ke choTe-bar3epane kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu yaha kevala anumAna kA hI viSaya nahIM hai pratyakSa se bhI aisA pratIta hotA hai| hama dekhate haiM ki loka meM aisI avagAhanAvAle jIva bhI maujUda haiM jo bahuta hI kaThinAI se dekhe jA sakate haiM yA jinheM dekhane ke liye khurdavIna kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| aura bahuta se jIva to itane
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________________ 216 tattvArthasUtra [5. 12-16 para bhI nahIM dikhAI dete haiN| tathA hAthI jaise yA hAthI se bar3I avagAhanAvAle jIva bhI maujUda haiM, isaliye yaha vicAraNIya bAta ho jAtI hai ki eka jIva kA avagAha kSetra kama se kama kitanA hai aura adhika se adhika kitanA hai ? isI bAta kA vicAra karate hue batalAyA hai ki eka jIva kA avagAha kSetra kama se kama loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa hai aura adhika se adhika samagra loka hai ! yahA~ loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga se aMgula kA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga lenA cAhiye / kama se kama jIva kI avagAhanA itanI hai| isake bAda avagAhanA bar3hane lagatI hai jo bar3hate bar3hate sampUrNa loka pramANa prApta hotI hai| yaha loka pramANa avagAhanA pratyeka jIva ke sambhava nahIM hai| kintu kevalI ke kevala samuddhAta ko dazA meM apane AtmapradezoM se samagra loka ko vyApta kara lene para ukta avagAhanA prApta hotI hai| yaha saba avagAhanA eka jIva kI apekSA se batalAI gaI hai| yadi sava jIvoM kI apekSA se vicAra kiyA jAtA hai to avagAha kSetra saba loka prApta hotA hai, kyoMki saba jIva rAzi samagra loka ko vyApta kara sthita hai| aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki paraspara jIvoM kI avagAhanA meM itanA antara kyoM par3atA hai| isakA yaha uttara hai ki pratyeka saMsArI jIva ke karma lage hue haiM jinake kAraNa use jaba jaisA zarIra milatA hai taba usakI vaisI avagAhanA ho jAtI hai kyoMki jIva kA svabhAva hI aisA hai ki nimittAnusAra vaha pradIpa kI taraha saMkoca aura vikoca ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| yadi dIpaka ko khule maidAna meM rakha diyA jAtA hai to usakA prakAza bahuta dUra taka phaila jAtA hai aura yadi kisI choTe bar3e apavaraka meM rakha diyA jAtA hai to usakA prakAza usa apavaraka taka hI sImita rahatA hai vaise hI jIva dravya ke pradezoM meM bhI sakur3ane aura phailane kI kSamatA hai| use jaba jaisA choTA bar3A zarIra milatA hai usake anusAra usakI avagAhanA ho jAtI hai|
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________________ 5. 17.] dharma aura adharma dravyoM ke kArya para prakAza 217 zaMkA-yadi saMkoca svabhAva hone ke kAraNa jIva ko avagAhanA choTI hotI hai to usakI avagAhanA aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga se aura choTI kyoM nahIM ho jAtI hai ? samAdhAna-jIva ko jaisA zarIra milatA hai usake anusAra avagAhanA hotI hai, yataH sabase jaghanya zarIra aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa batalAyA hai ataH isase choTI avagAhanA nahIM hotii| zaMkA-lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAta pradeza hai aura jIva tathA pudgala anantAnanta haiM, ataH itane kama kSetra meM ye saba jIva aura pudgala kaise samA jAte haiM ? samAdhAna-yadyaSi bAdara jIva sapratighAta zarIra hote haiM parantu sUkSma jIva sazarIra hote hue bhI yataH sUkSma bhAva ko prApta haiM aura eka nigoda zarIra meM anantAnanta nigoda jIva raha sakate haiM ataH lokAkAza meM anantAnanta jIvoM kA samAveza virodha ko prApta nahIM hotA / isI prakAra pudgala dravya bhI sUkSma rUpa se pariNata hone kI kSamatA rakhate hai, isaliye unakA bhI eka sthAna meM paraspara meM binA vyAghAta pahu~cAe avasthAna bana jAtA hai, isaliye lokAkAza meM anantAnanta pudgaloM kA samAveza bhI virodha ko prApta nahIM hotA hai / 12-16 // dharma aura adharma dravyoM ke kArya para prakAza--- gatisthityupagrahau dharmAdharmayorupakAraH // 17 // gati aura sthiti meM sahAyaka honA yaha kramazaH dharma aura adharma dravya kA upakAra hai / / 17 // dravyoM kA pRthaka pRthaka astitva unake svabhAva guNa aura kArya yA upayogitA para avalambita hai| adhikatara sUkSma tattvoM ke svabhAva guNakA patA bhI unake kAryoM se lagatA hai / isake liye hameM eka sthalapara sthita vividha tattvoM kA vividha kAryoM dvArA vizleSaNa karanA par3atA
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [5. 17. hai| zarIra se AtmA pRthak hai yaha vizlepaNa dvArA hI to jAnA jAtA hai| mRta vyakti ke zarIra ko jaba hama pustaka Adi anya nirjIva padArthoM kI taraha nizceSTa aura indriyoM ke vyApAra se rahita dekhate haiM vAstava meM taba hameM zarIra aura AtmA kA viveka jJAta hotA hai| isI prakAra dharmAdika dravyoMkA astitva bhI inake kAryoM dvArA hI jAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki pudgala dravyako chor3akara zeSa saba dravya amUrta haiM / chadmastha jana unakA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara skte| aba prazna yaha hai ki ve kauna se kArya haiM jinase dharma aura adharma dravyakA astitva siddha hotA hai| prastuta sUtra meM isI praznakA uttara diyA gayA hai| saMsAra meM jIva aura pudgala ye do padArtha gatizIla bhI haiM aura sthitizIla bhii| inake atirikta zeSa saba padArtha niSkriya hone se sthitizIla hI haiM kintu yahAM para gatipUrvaka hone vAlI sthiti aura sthitipUrvaka honevAlI gati vivakSita hai jo jIva aura pudgala ina doke sivA anyatra nahIM pAI 'jAtI / yadyapi jIva aura pudgala ye donoM dravya svayaM gamana karate haiM aura svayaM sthita bhI hote haiM isaliye ye inake pariNAma haiM arthAt gati kriyA aura sthiti kriyA ye jIva aura pudgalako chor3akara anyatra nahIM hotI isaliye ye hI ina donoM kriyAoMke upAdAna kAraNa haiN| jo kAraNa svayaM kAryarUpa pariNama jAtA hai vaha upAdAna kAraNa kahalAtA hai| kintu aisA niyama hai ki pratyeka kArya upAdAna kAraNa aura nimitta kAraNa ina doke mela se hotA hai, kevala eka kAraNa se kArya kI utpatti nahIM hotii| chAtra subodha hai para adhyApaka yA pustakakA nimitta na mile to vaha par3ha nahIM sktaa| yahAM upAdAna hai kintu nimitta nahIM isaliye kArya nahIM huaa| chAtrako adhyApaka yA pustakakA nimitta mila rahA hai para vaha mandabuddhi hai, isa liye bhI vaha par3ha nahIM sktaa| yahAM nimitta hai kintu upAdAna nahIM, isa liye kArya nahIM huaa| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki gati aura sthiti kA koI nimitta
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________________ 5. 17.] dharma aura adharma dravyoM ke kArya para prakAza 119 kAraNa honA cAhiye, kyoM ki nimitta ke binA kevala upAdAna se kArya kI utpatti nahIM hotii| isI AvazyakatA ko pUrti ke liye jaina siddhAnta meM dharma aura adharma dravya mAne gaye haiN| dharma dravyakA kArya gamana meM sahAyatA karanA hai aura adharma dravyakA svabhAva Thaharane meM sahAyatA karanA hai| zaMkA-jIvoM aura pudgaloMke gamana karane aura sthita hone meM alaga alaga nimitta kAraNa dekhe jAte haiN| jaise machalI ke gamana karane meM jala nimittakAraNa hai aura pathika ke Thaharane meM chAyA nimitta kAraNa hai| isI prakAra sarvatra jAnanA cAhiye, ataeva dharma dravya aura adharma dravya ke mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? samAdhAna-nimitta kAraNa bhI sAdhAraNa aura asAdhAraNa ke bheda se do prakAra ke hote haiN| sAdhAraNa nimitta ve haiM jo saba kAryoM ke hone meM samAnarUpase nimitta hote haiM aura asAdhAraNa nimitta ve haiM jo kucha kAryoM ke hone meM nimitta hote haiM aura kucha kAryoM ke hone meM nimitta nahIM hote / machalI ke gamana karane meM jala nimitta hai sahI para vaha machalI ke gamana meM hI nimitta hai saba jIvoM aura pudgaloMke gamana meM nahIM kintu yahAM vicAra aise nimitta kAraNa kA calA hai jo saba jIvoM aura pudgaloMke gamana meM yA sthitimeM nimitta kAraNa bana sake / dharma dravya aura adharma dravyakA yahI kAma hai, isIliye ye donoM svatantra dravya mAne gaye haiN| zaMkA-AkAza dravya sarvatra hai, isa liye gati aura sthiti ina donoM kA nimitta kAraNa AkAza ko mAna lene meM kyA Apatti hai ? samAdhAna-AkAza kA kArya avakAza denA hai ataH gati aura sthiti meM use nimitta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| zaMkA-to phira dharma aura adharma inameM se kisI ekako hI gati aura sthiti kA nimitta mAna lenA cAhiye ?
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________________ 120 tattvArtha sUtra [5. 18. samAdhAna-eka kAraNa se virodhI do kAryoM kI siddhi mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| yataH gati aura sthiti ye paraspara virodhI kArya haiM ataH inake nimitta kAraNa bhI jude jur3e mAne gaye haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki dharma aura adharma ye svatantra do dravya mAne gaye haiN| zaMkA-gati aura sthitirUpa kriyA meM kAraNa hone kI apekSA dharma aura adharma dravyako avasthiti mAnanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki isase unake svarUpAstitva kI pratIti nahIM hotI ? samAdhAna-yadyapi dharma aura adharma dravya kA astitva pratyakSajJAniyoM kA viSaya hai kintu chadmastha jIva unakA jJAna unake kArya dvArA hI kara sakate haiM yahI kAraNa hai ki yahAM gati aura sthitirUpa upakAra kI apekSA unake astitvakA jJAna karAyA gayA hai||17|| AkAza dravya ke kArya para prakAzaAkAzasyAvagAhaH // 18 // avakAza meM sahAyaka honA yaha AkAza dravya kA upakAra hai| saMsArake jar3a aura cetana jitane padArtha haiM unameM se bahuta se to Thahare hue haiM aura bahuta se gamanazIla haiN| unake ye donoM kArya binA aAdhAra ke nahIM bana sakate haiN| AkAza meM ur3anevAlA pakSI paMkhoM se apane nIce aisA vAtAvaraNa taiyAra karatA hai jo use nIce girane se bacAtA hai| jahAM dasa AdamI baiTha sakate haiM vahAM bAraha isaliye nahIM samAte ki dasase adhika ke liye vahAM kSetra yA AdhAra nahIM hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki jaga meM aisA koI eka padArtha hai jo sabake liye avakAza detA hai kyoM ki avakAza ke hone para hI pratyeka padArtha kI gati yA sthiti ho sakatI hai| isI AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke liye AkAza dravya mAnA gayA hai| isakA mukhya kArya sabako avakAza denA hai| yadi kisI AkAza-kSetra meM kucha rukAvaTa hotI hai to yaha
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________________ 5. 19-20.] pudgala dravya ka kAryoM para prakAza 221 AkAzakA doSa nahIM hai kintu yaha vahAM sthita mUrta padArtha kA doSa hai jo apanI sthUlatA ke kAraNa anya sthUla padArtha ko vahAM Thaharane meM rukAvaTa khar3A karatA hai| AkAza kA kAma kisI kI sthUlatA yA sUkSmatAko naSTa karanA nahIM hai| usakA to kAma itanA hI hai ki saba padArthoM ko apanI apanI yogyatAnusAra sthAna mile aura isI kAma kI pUrti vaha karatA hai isaliye AkAza kA avakAza denA kArya mAnA gayA hai| sthUla hone se jo do padArtha ApasameM TakarAte haiM yaha unakI apanI vizeSatA hai aura isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa ve eka kSetra meM sthAna nahIM pAte / yadi ve apanI isa vizeSatA kA tyAga kara sUkSma bhAvako prApta ho jAya to ve bhI eka kSetra meM sthAna pA sakate haiN| AkAza kA kAma to sthAna denA hai aura vaha sabake liye samAna rUpase unmukta hai| jo jahAM avakAza cAhe pA sakatA hai| kintu vivakSita kSetra meM sthita anya dravya ko sthUlatA ke kAraNa yadi dUsarA dravya vahAM avakAza pAne se rukatA hai to yaha doSa AkAza kA nahIM hai / aisA yahAM samajhanA cAhiye // 18 // pudgala dravya ke kAryoM para prakAzazarIravAGmanaHprANApAnAH pudgalAnAm // 19 // sukhaduHkhajIvitamaraNopagrahAzca // 20 // zarIra, vacana, mana ucchavAsa aura niHzvAsa ye pudgaloM ke upakAra haiN| tathA sukha, duHkha, jIvita aura maraNa ye bhI pudgaloM ke upakAra haiN| saMsAra kA jIvana sambandhI samagra vyavahAra pudgalAvalambI hai| pRthivI, ghara, bhojana, pAnI vastra aura vanaspati Adi saba hI paudgalika haiM aura jIvana meM inakA nirantara upayoga hotA hai| eka tarapha se
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________________ 222 tattvArthasUtra [5. 16-20 prANI kA jIvana hI ina sabake Upara TikA huA hai isaliye yadi pudgaloM ke saba upakAra ginAye jAya~ to ve agaNita ho jAte haiN| kintu una sabako na ginA kara pudgaloM ke kucha hI upakAroM kA yahA~ nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jinase saMsArI prANI nirantara anuprANita hotA rahatA hai| zarIra pA~ca haiM-audArika, vaikriyika, AhAraka, taijasa aura kaarmnn| ye pA~coM nAmakarma ke bheda haiM jo atisUkSma hone se dRSTigocara nahIM hote| kintu inake udaya se jo upacaya zarIra prApta hote haiM unameM kucha indriya gocara haiM aura kucha indriya gocara nhiiN| ye sabake saba zarIra paudgalika hI haiM, kyoMki inakI racanA pudgaloM se huI hai| yadyapi kArmaNa jaisA sUkSma zarIra paudgalika hai yaha saba bAta indriya pratyakSa se nahIM jAnI jA sakatI hai tathApi usakA sukha duHkhAdi rUpa vipAka mUrta dravya ke sambandha se dekhA jAtA hai isaliye use paudgalika samajhanA caahiye| __vacana do prakAra ke haiM bhAvavacana aura dravyavacana / unameM se bhAva vacana vIryAntarAya tathA matijJAnAvaraNa aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se tathA prAMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se hotA hai| yaha pudgala sApekSa hone se paudgalika hai| tathA aisI sAmarthya se yukta AtmA ke dvArA prerita hokara pudgala hI dravyavacana rUpa pariNamana karate haiM, isaliye dravyavacana bhI paudgalika hai| . isIprakAra mana do prakAra kA hai bhAvamana aura dravyamana / inameM se labdhi aura upayoga rUpa bhAvamana hai jo pudgala sApekSa hone se paudgalika hai| tathA jJAnAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAya ke kSayopazama se tathA AMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se jo pudgala guNa-doSa kA vicAra aura smaraNa Adi kAryoM ke sanmukha hue AtmA ke upacAraka haiM ve hI dravyamanarUpa se pariNata hote haiM isaliye dravyamana bhI paudgalika hai|
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________________ 5. 19-20.] pudgala dravya ke kAryoM para prakAza 223 ___ jo vAyu bAhara nikAlA jAtA hai vaha prANa kahalAtA hai aura jo bAhara se bhItara liyA jAtA hai vaha apAna kahalAtA hai| vAyu paudgalika hone se prANApAna bhI paudgalika hai| ___yataH ye zarIrAdika AtmA ke anugrahakArI haiM ataH inheM pudgaloM kA upakAra batalAyA hai| sAtAvedanIya karma ke udayarUpa antaraMga kAraNa aura dravya, kSetra Adi bAhya kAraNa ke milane para AtmA kA jo prIti rUpa pariNAma hotA hai vaha sukha hai| asAtA vedanoya kama ke udayarUpa antaraMga kAraNa aura dravya, kSetra Adi bAhya kAraNa ke milane para AtmA kA jo paritAparUpa pariNAma hotA hai vaha duHkha hai| AyuSkarma ke udaya se vivakSita paryAya meM sthita jIva ke prANa aura apAna kA viccheda nahIM honA jIvita hai aura prANApAna kA viccheda honA maraNa hai| ye sukha duHkha Adi yadyapi jIva kI avasthAe~ haiM para inake hone meM pudgala nimitta hai isaliye ye bhI pudgala ke upakAra mAne gaye haiN| sAtA vedanIya Adi karma sukhAdika kI utpatti meM nimittamAtra hone. se upakAraka mAne gaye haiM, tattvataH ye sukhAdika jova ke hI pariNAma haiM isaliye vahI inakA kartA hai yaha dikhalAne ke liye 'sukhaduHkha' ityAdi sUtra meM upagraha vacana diyA hai| isakA yaha Azaya hai ki jaise zarIra Adi pudgala ke kArya haiM vaise sukha duHkhAdi nhiiN| zarIra Adi kA pudgala svayaM kartA hai kintu sukha duHkhAdi kA nahIM yaha isakA bhAva hai| zaMkA-yahA~ jitane bhI upakAra ginAye haiM ve saba aise haiM jo jIvoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara sUtrakAra ne nibaddha kiye haiN| kintu pudgala pudgaloM ke upakAra meM bhI to pravRtta hote haiM phira unheM yahA~ kyoM nahIM ginAyA ? samAdhAna-pudgaloM ke nimitta se jo anya pudgaloM ke upakAra hote haiM unakI mukhyatA na hone se unheM yahA~ nahIM ginAyA hai / / 6-20 //
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________________ 224 tattvArthasUtra [5. 21-22. ___ jIva dravya ke kAryoM para prakAzaparasparopagraho jIvAnAm / / 21 // paraspara sahAyaka honA yaha jIvoM kA upakAra hai| jagat meM jIvoM ke paraspara aneka prakAra ke sambandha dekhe jAte haiM aura una sambandhoM ke anusAra ve eka dUsare kA upakAra bhI karate haiN| jaise AcArya ubhaya loka kA hitakArI upadeza dekara aura usake anukUla anuSThAna karAkara ziSya kA upakAra karatA hai tathA ziSya bhI anukUla pravRtti dvArA AcArya kA upakAra karatA hai| pati sukha suvidhA kI vyavasthA kara aura apane jIvana kI saccI saMginI banAkara patnI kA upakAra karatA hai aura patnI anukUla pravartana dvArA pati kA upakAra karatI hai| isa prakAra paraspara sahAyatA pahuMcAnA yaha jIvoM kA upakAra hai // 21 // kAla dravya ke kAryoM para prakAzavatanApariNAmakriyAH paratvAparatve ca kAlasya // 22 // vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva aura aparatva ye kAla ke upa'kAra haiN| sUtrakAra ne anya dravyoM ke ullekha ke samAna aba taka kAla dravya kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai tathApi kAla bhI eka dravya hai yaha bAta ve Age svIkAra karanevAle haiM isaliye upakAra prakaraNa meM kAla ke upakAra 'batalAye haiM? jagat ke jitane padArtha haiM ve svayaM vartanazIla haiN| parivartita hote rahanA unakA svabhAva hai| aisA eka bhI padArtha nahIM hai jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka na ho| isa prakAra yadyapi pratyeka vastu kI vartanazIlatA usake svabhAvagata hai para yaha kArya binA nimitta ke nahIM ho sakatA, isaliye isake nimittarUpa se kAla dravya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vartanA kAla dravya kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai|
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________________ 5. 22.] kAla dravya ke kAryoM para prakAza 225 yahAM vartanAkA artha vartanahetutva liyA gayA hai| vartanA zabda ke do artha haiM-vartana karanA aura vartana kraanaa| pahalA artha chahoM dravyoM meM ghaTita hotA hai aura dUsarA artha kevala kAla dravya meM hI ghaTita hotA hai| yahAM isa dUsare arthakI apekSA hI vartanA kAla dravyakA upakAra mAnA gayA hai kyoM ki pratyeka dravyakI samaya samaya meM jo paryAya hotI hai vaha binA nimitta ke nahIM ho sakatI, ataH usI ke nimittarUpase vartanA yaha kAla dravya kA upakAra ThaharatA hai| dravyakI apanI maryAdA ke bhItara prati samaya jo paryAya hotI hai use pariNAma kahate haiN| isake prAyogika aura vainasika aise do bheda haiN| jo kAla nimittaka hokara bhI puruSa ke prayatna se hotA hai vaha prAyogika pariNAma hai aura jo puruSa ke prayatna ke binA hotA hai vaha vaisrasika pariNAma hai / kumhAra ke nimitta se miTTIkA ghaTarUpa pariNAmakA honA yA AcArya ke upadezAdi ke nimittase dAnAdi bhAvakA honA ye prAyogika pariNAma ke udAharaNa haiN| aura chahoM dravyoM meM jo prati samaya paryAya ho rahI hai vaha vainasika pariNAma kA udAharaNa hai| jo eka deza se dUsare deza meM prAptikA hetu halana calanarUpa vyApAra se yukta dravyakI avasthA hotI hai use kriyA kahate haiM / isake bhI prAyogika aura vaisrasika aise do bheda haiN| puruSa ke prayatna dvArA kisI vastukA eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para pahu~cAyA jAnA yaha prAyogikI kriyA hai aura puruSa ke prayatna ke binA kisI bhI kriyAzIla vastukA eka sthAna se dUsare sthAnapara jAnA yaha vailisikI kriyA hai| udAharaNArtha meja, kurasI AdikA eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para le jAnA prAyogikI kriyA hai aura megha Adi kA eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAnA vaisisikI kriyA hai| __paratva aura aparatva do prakAra se ghaTita hotA hai eka kSetra kI apekSA aura dUsarA kAlakI apekSA / yahAM kAlakA prakaraNa hai isaliye
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________________ 226 tattvArthasUtra [5. 23-24. prakRta meM kAlakI apekSA ghaTita honevAle paratva aura aparatva hI liye gaye haiM / paratvakA artha umrakI apekSA bar3A aura aparatvakA artha umrakI apekSA choTA hai| ye pariNAma Adi bhI kAlake binA nahIM hote isaliye ye kAla ke upakAra mAne gaye haiM / / 22 // ___ pudgalakA lakSaNa aura usakI paryAyasparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH / / 23 / / zabdabandhasaumyasthaulyasaMsthAnabhedatamazchAyAtapodyotavantazca // 24 // pudgala sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNavAle hote haiN| tathA ve zabda, bandha, sUkSmatva, sthUlatva saMsthAna, bheda, andhakAra, chAyA, Atapa aura udyotavAle bhI hote haiM / pahale pudgala dravyakA aneka bAra ullekha kiyA hai para usase yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki isakA svarUpa kyA hai, isaliye yahAM sarva prathama usakA svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai| jo sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNavAle hote haiM ve pudgala haiN| pudgaloMkA yaha svarUpa anya dravyoMmeM nahIM pAyA jAtA isaliye pudgala svatantra dravya mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi anyatra jIva ke artha meM bhI pudgala zabdakA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai para yahAM usakA artha rUpa rasAdivAlA padArtha hI liyA gayA hai| __ jo chUkara jAnA jAya vaha . sparza hai| yaha ATha prakArakA haikaThina, mRdu, guru, laghu, zIta, uSNa, snigdha aura rUkSa / jo cakhakara jAnA jAya vaha rasa hai| yaha pAMca prakAra kA hai-tikta-caraparA, AmlakhaTTA, kaTuka-kaDavA, madhura-mIThA aura kaSAya-kasailA / jo sUMghakara jAnA jAya vaha gandha hai / isake sugandha aura durgandha ye do bheda haiN|
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________________ 5. 23-24.] pudgalakA lakSaNa aura usakI paryAya 227 pudgalakI jo guNaparyAya dekhakara jAnI jAya vaha varNa hai| yaha pAMca prakAra kA hai-kAlA, nIlA, pIlA, sapheda aura lAla / ye sparza Adi mukhya cAra haiM para inake ukta prakAra se avAntara bheda bIsa hote haiN| usameM bhI pratyeka ke taratamabhAva se saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta bheda hote haiM / sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa ye guNa haiM aura kaThina Adi una guNoMkI paryAya haiM / ye sparzAdi guNa pudgala meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM sadA pAye jAte haiM, isaliye pudgala ke ye svatattva haiN| Adhunika vaijJAnikoM kA bhI mata hai ki inameM se kisI eka ke pAye jAne para prakaTa yA aprakaTa rUpa se zepa tIna avazya pAye jAte haiN| hamArI indriyAM dvathaNuka Adi ko to grahaNa karatI hI nahIM, para jinako grahaNa karatI haiM unameM bhI jinake sparzAdi guNoMkA indriyoM dvArA pUrI taraha se grahaNa nahIM hotA ve bhI vahAM haiM avazya / udAharaNArtha-uparakta kiraNeM ( Infra-red Rays) jo ki adRzya tApa kiraNeM haiM ve hama logoM kI A~khoM se lakSita nahIM ho sakatI, tathApi unameM varNa niyama se pAyA jAtA hai kyoM ki ullU aura villI ke netra inhIM kiraNoM kI sahAyatA se dekhate haiN| inheM ye kiraNeM dekhane meM dIpaka kA kAma detI haiN| kucha aise bhI bhAcitrapaTa (photographic plates ) AviSkRta hue haiM jo ina kiraNoM se prabhAvita hote haiM aura jinake dvArA andhakAra meM bhI bhAcitra ( photographs ) liye jA sakate haiN| ___ isI prakAra agni kI gandha hamArI nAsikA dvArA lakSita nahIM hotI kintu gandhavahana prakriyA ( teleolefaction phenomenon ) se spaSTa hai ki gandha bhI pudgala (agni) kA Avazyaka guNa hai| vartamAna meM eka gandha vAhaka yantrakA AviSkAra huA hai jo gandhako lakSita karatA hai| yaha yantra manuSyakI nAsikA kI apekSA bahuta adhika sadyahRSa ( sensitive ) hotA hai / yaha 100 gaja dUrastha agniko lakSita
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________________ 228 tattvArthasUtra [5. 23-24. karatA hai| isakI sahAyatA se phUloM AdikI gandha eka sthAna se 65 mIla dUra dUsare sthAnako tAra dvArA yA binA tArake hI prepita kI jA sakatI hai| svayaM cAlita agni zAmaka (Automatic firc control) bhI isase cAlita hotA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki agni Adi bahuta se pudgaloM kI gandha hamArI nAsikA dvArA lakSita nahIM hotI kintu aura adhika sadyahaSa ( zIghra va adhika prabhAvita honevAle) yaMtroM se vaha lakSita ho sakatI hai| __jaba ki sUrya ke varNapaTa ( Solar spectrum ) meM sAta varNa hote haiM va prAkRtika yA aprAkRtika varNa ( natural and pigmentary colours ) bahuta se hote haiM aisI hAlata meM yaha prazna hotA hai ki jaina zAstroM meM varNa ke *mukhya pAMca hI bheda kyoM mAne gaye haiN| isakA yaha uttara hai ki jaina zAstroM meM varNa se tAtparya varNapaTa ke varNoM athavA anya voM se nahIM hai kintu pudgala ke usa mUla guNa ( fundamental property ) se hai jisakA prabhAva hamAre netrakI putalI para lakSita hotA hai aura hamAre mastiSka meM rakta, pIta, kRSNa AdirUpa AbhAsa karAtA hai| amerikA kI apTikala samiti ( Optical Society of America ) ne varNa kI paribhASA dete hue batalAyA hai ki 'varNa' zabda eka vyApaka artha meM prayukta hotA hai jo netra ke kRSNapaTala ( Retina ) . aura usase sambandhita zirAoM kI kriyA se udbhUta AbhAsa kA kAraNa hai| rakta, pIta, nIla, zveta aura kRSNa isake udAharaNa svarUpa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN| paJca varNo kA siddhAnta samajhAne kI prakriyA yaha hai ki yadi kisI vastu kA tApa bar3hAyA jAya to sarva prathama usameM se adRzya ( dark ) tApa kiraNeM nissarita ( emitted ) hotI haiN| usake bAda vaha rakta varNa kiraNeM chor3atI haiN| phira adhika tApa bar3hAnese vaha pItavarNa kiraNeM chor3atI haiM / yadi usakA tApa aura adhika bar3hAyA jAya to
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________________ 5. 23-24] pudgala kA lakSaNa aura usakI paryAya 226 kramazaH zveta aura nIla raMgakI kiraNeM bhI udbhUta ho sakatI haiN| zrI meghanAda zAha aura bI0 ena0 : zrIvAstavane apanI pustaka meM likhA hai ki kucha tAre nIla zveta razmiyAM chor3ate haiN| isase unake tApamAna kI adhikatA jAnI jAtI hai| tAtparya yaha ki pAMca varNa aise prAkRtika gharNa haiM jo kisI bhI pudgala se vibhinna tApamAnoM ( temperatures ) para udbhUta ho sakate haiN| aura isaliye ye varNa kI mUla avasthAeM mAnI gaI haiN| vaise jaina zAstroMmeM varNake uttara bheda ananta batalAye haiN| varNapaTake varNoM ( spectral colours ) meM dekhate haiM ki yadi rakta se lekara kAsanI ( violet ) taka taraMgapramANoM ( wave-length) kI vibhinna avasthitiyoM ( stages ) kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya to inake ananta hone ke kAraNa varNa bhI ananta prakArake siddha hote haiM, kyoMki eka prakAza taraMga ( light wave) dUsarI prakAza taraMga se pramANa ( length ) meM yadi anantaveM bhAga ( infinitesimal amount) bhI nyUnAdhika hotI hai to ve taraMgeM do visadRza varNoM ko sUcita karatI haiN| isa prakAra prakRta meM jo pudgalakI paribhASA dI hai vaha vartamAnta vijJAna se bhI sammata hai yaha siddha hotA hai / / 23 / / jaisA ki Age batalAyA jAyagA ki pudgala dravya aNu aura skandha ina do bhAgoM meM baTA huA hai| aNu pudgalakA zuddharUpa hai aura do yA dose adhika aNu sambaddha hokara skandha banate haiN| skandharUpa se pudgalakI jo vividha avasthAyeM hotI haiM unakA nirdeza prastuta sUtra meM kiyA hai| yahAM aisI dasa avasthAeM ginAI haiN| yathA-zabda, bandha, sUkSmatva, sthUlatva, saMsthAna, bheda, tama, chAyA, Atapa aura udyota / pudgala ke aNu aura skandha bhedoMkI avAntara jAtiyAM 23 haiN|
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________________ 230 tattvArthasUtra [5. 23-24. eka jAti bhApAvargaNA hai / ye bhASAvargaNAe loka meM sarvatra vyApta haiN| jisa kAya-vastu ( Body ) se dhvani nikalatI hai usa vastu meM kampana hone ke kAraNa ina pudgala vargaNAoM meM bhI kampana hotA hai jisase taraMgeM utpanna hotI haiN| ye taraMgeM hI uttarottara pudgala vargaNAoM meM kampana paidA karatI haiM jisase zabda eka sthAna se udbhUta hokara bhI dRsare sthAna para sunAI par3atA hai| vijJAna bhI zabdakA vahana isIprakAra kI prakriyA dvArA mAnatA hai| yadyapi naiyAyika aura vaizepika zabda ko zrAkAza kA guNa mAnate haiM kintu jaina paramparA meM ise pudgala dravya kI vyaJjana paryAya mAnA hai aura yukti se vicAra karane para bhI yahI siddha hotA hai| nizchidra banda kamare meM AvAja karane para vaha vahIM gUMjatI rahatI hai kintu bAhara nahIM nikltii| aba to aise yantra taiyAra ho gaye haiM jinake dvArA zabda taraMge lakSita kI jAtI haiN| isase jJAta hotA hai ki zabda amRta AkAza kA guNa na hokara paudgalika hai| isakai bhASAtmaka aura abhASAtmaka ye do bheda haiN| bhASAtmaka zabda ke sAkSara aura anakSara ye do bheda haiN| jo vividha prakAra kI bhASAe~ bola cAla meM AtI haiM jinameM zAstra likhe jAte haiM ve sAkSara zabda haiM aura dvIndriya Adi prANiyoM ke jo "dhvanirUpa zabda uccarita hote haiM ve anakSara zabda haiM / abhASAtmaka zabda ke vaisrasika aura prAyogika ye do bheda haiM / megha Adi kI garjanA Adi vairasika zabda haiM aura prAyogika zabda cAra prakAra ke haiM tata, vitata, dhana aura sauSira / camar3e se mar3he hue mRdaMga, bherI aura Dhola Adi kA zabda tata hai| tA~tavAle vINA sAraMgI Adi vAdyoM kA zabda vitata hai| jhAlara, ghaNTA Adi kA zabda dhana hai aura zaMkha, vA~surI Adi kA zabda sauSira hai| zabda ke ukta bhedoM ko isa prakAra dikhAyA jA sakatA hai
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________________ 5. 23-24.] pudgala kA lakSaNa aura usakI paryAya 231 bhApAtmaka abhApAtmaka akSarAtmaka anakSarAtmaka prAyogika srasika - tata vitata dhana supira Adhunika vijJAna zabda ( Sound ) ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karatA hai-kolAhala ( Noises ) aura saMgIta dhvani ( Musical Sound ) / inameM se kolAhala vainasika varga meM garbhita ho jAtA hai| saMgIta dhvaniyoM kA udbhava cAra prakAra se mAnA gayA hai(1) tantroM ke kampana ( Vibration of strings) se, (2) tanana ke kampana ( Vibration of membranes ) se, (3) daNDa aura paTTikA ke kampana ( Vibration of rods and plates ) se aura (4) jihvAla ( reads ) ke kampana se va vAyupratara ke kampana ( Vibration of air columns) se / yaha cAroM kramazaH prAyogika ke vitata, tata, ghana aura sauSira bheda haiN| ___ paraspara zleSarUpa bandha ke vainasika aura prAyogika ye do bheda haiN| prayatna ke binA vijalI, megha, agni aura indra dhanuSa Adi sambandhI jo snigdha aura rUkSatva guNanimittaka bandha hotA hai vaha vainasika bandha hai| prAyogika bandha do prakAra kA hai-ajIva viSayaka aura jIvAjIva viSayaka / lAkha aura lakar3I Adi kA bandhA ajIva viSayaka prAyogika
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________________ 232 tattvArthasUtra [5. 23-24. bandha hai aura karma tathA nokarma kA bandha jIvAjIva viSayaka prAyogika bandha hai| __sUkSmatva aura sthUlatva ke antya aura ApekSika ye do do bheda haiN| jo sUkSmatva aura sthUlatva donoM eka hI vastu meM vivakSA bheda se ghaTita na hoM ve antya aura jo eka hI vastu meM ghaTa sakeM ve ApekSika sUkSmatva aura sthUlatva haiN| paramANu yaha antya sUkSmatva kA aura jagadvyApI mahAskandha yaha antya sthUlatva kA udAharaNa hai| vela, A~valA aura vera ye ApekSika sUkSmatva ke aura vera, A~valA aura vela ye ApekSika sthUlatva ke udAharaNa haiN| prathama udAharaNa meM pahalI vastu se dUsarI meM aura dUsarI se tIsarI meM apekSAkRta sUkSmatA pAI jAtI hai aura dUsare udAharaNa meM pahalI vastu se dUsarI meM aura dUsarI se tIsarI meM apekSAkRta sthUlatA pAI jAtI hai| ___saMsthAna itthaMlakSaNa aura anitthaMlakSaNa ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai / jisa AkAra kA 'yaha isa taraha kA hai' isa prakAra se nirdeza kiyA jA sake vaha itthaMlakSaNa saMsthAna hai aura jisakA nirdeza na kiyA jA sake vaha anitthaMlakSaNa saMsthAna hai / gola, trikoNa, catuSkoNa, AyatacatuSkoNa ityAdi saMsthAnoM ke AkAroM kA nirdeza karanA sambhava hai isaliye yaha itthaMlakSaNa saMsthAna hai aura megha Adi ke saMsthAnoM kA AkAra isa prakArakA hai yaha batalAnA sambhava nahIM isaliye vaha anitthaM-- lakSaNa saMsthAna hai| jo pudgala piNDa ekarUpa hai usakA bhaMga honA bheda hai| isake utkara, cUrNa, khaNDa, cUrNikA, pratara aura aNucaTana ye chaha prakAra haiN| lakar3I yA patthara Adi kA karoMta Adi se bheda karanA utkara hai| jau aura gehU~ Adi kA sattU yA ATA Adi cUrNa hai| ghaTa Adi kA Tukar3e Tukar3e ho jAnA khaNDa hai| ur3ada aura mUga Adi kI dAla Adi cUrNikA hai / megha, bhojapatra, abhraka aura miTTI Adi ko taheM nikalanA pratara hai
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________________ 5. 23-24.] pudgala kA lakSaNa aura usakI paryAya 233 aura garama lohe Adi meM ghana Adi ke mArane para phulige nikalanA aNucaTana hai| _ tama andhakAra kA dUsarA nAma hai| isameM vastue~ dikhAI nahIM detI haiM aura yaha prakAzakA pratipakSI hai| yataH yaha prakAza patha meM saghana pudgaloM ke A jAne se utpanna hotA hai ataH paudgalika hai| chAyA zabda kA prayoga do arthoM meM huA hai| eka to apAradarzaka (Opaque ) padArthoM ke prakAza patha meM A jAne se bananevAlI chAyAM jise aMgrejI meM zaiDo ( Shadow ) kahate haiN| Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra isakA antarbhAva tama meM hotA hai| isake sivA chAyA zabda kA. prayoga eka dUsare artha meM bhI huA hai| isaprakAra kI chAyA ko vijJAna ke kSetra meM imeja ( Iimage) kahate haiN| yaha chAyA pAradarzaka aNvIkSoM ( Lenses) ke prakAza patha meM A jAne se athavA darpaNoM meM prakAza ke parAvartana ( reflection ) se banatI hai| yaha do prakAra kI hotI hai| prathama prakAra kI chAyA ko vAstavika pratibimba kahate haiN| ye prakAza razmiyoM ke vastutaH milane se banate haiN| inameM pramANa, varNa ityAdi meM bhI antaraM A jAtA hai aura ye viparyasta ( Inverted) ho jAte haiN| dUsarI prakAra kI chAyA ko avAstavika pratibimba (Virtual ) kahate haiN| isameM prakAza razmiyA~ vastutaH nahIM milatI haiM aura na yaha viparyAsta hotI hai| pahalI prakAra kI chAyA adhikAMza aNvIkSoM ke prakAza patha meM A jAne se banatI hai aura dUsarI prakAra kI chAyA adhikAMza samatala darpaNoM meM prakAza razmiyoM ke parAvartana se banatI hai| inake nirmANa kI prakriyA se spaSTa hai ki ye prakAza-UrjA ke hI rUpAntara haiN| vijJAna ke kSetra meM eka anya prakAra kI chAyA kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| ye vyatikaraNa paTTiyA~ (Interference bands) haiM jo prakAza kI vibhinna do kalAyukta ( differing in fases ) taraMgoM ke vyatikaraNa se banatI haiN| vaijJAnika prayogoM dvArA yaha siddha ho
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________________ 234 tattvArtha sUtra [5.23-24. / gayA hai ki dIpta paTTiyoM kI hI bhA~ti adIpta paTTiyoM ( Dark bands) meM se bhI prakAza vaidyuta rIti se ( Photo-clectrically ) vidyudaNu nikalate haiM jo gaNanA yantra se gine jA sakate haiN| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki adIpta paTTI meM bhI UrjA hotI hai aura isaliye adIpta paTTI bhI prakAzAbhAvAtmikA nahIM hai| zAstroM meM chAyA ke varNAdivikArapariNatA aura pratibimbamAtrAtmikA isa prakAra jo do bheda batalAye haiM so ve chAyA ke ina saba prakAroM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI likhe gaye haiN| isase siddha hai ki chAyA bhI paudgalika hai| naiyAyika aura vaizeSika tama ko sarvathA abhAva rUpa mAnate haiM para netra indriya se usakA jJAna hotA hai isaliye use sarvathA abhAva rUpa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| Adhunika vijJAna bhI ise abhAvarUpa nahIM maantaa| vaijJAnikoM ke matAnusAra tama (Darkness ) meM bhI uparakta tApakiraNoM ( Infrared heat rays ) kA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai jinase ullU aura billI kI A~kheM aura bhAcitrIya paTa ( Photografic Plates) prabhAvita hote haiN| isa prakAra tama kA dRzya prakAza se bhinna paudgalika rUpa se astitva siddha hotA hai| vaha sarvathA abhAvarUpa nahIM hai| sUrya Adi kA uSNa prakAza Atapa kahalAtA hai aura candra, maNi tathA jugunU Adi kA ThaMDA prakAza udyota kahalAtA hai| agni se ina donoM meM antara hai| agni svayaM uSNa hotI hai aura usakI prabhA bhI uSNa hotI hai| kintu Atapa aura udyota ke viSaya meM yaha bAta nahIM hai| Atapa mUla meM ThaMDA hotA hai| kevala usakI prabhA uSNa hotI hai aura udyota mUla meM bhI ThaMDA hotA hai aura usakI prabhA bhI ThaMDI hotI hai|
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________________ 5. 23-24.] pudgala kA lakSaNa aura usakI paryAya 235 Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra agni rAsAyanika prakriyAoM meM utpanna hotI hai aura sUrya meM jo pudgala paramANu UrjArUpa pariNata hote haiM vaha UrjA Atapa hai| vijJAna ne agni aura Atapa ke bheda kI ora to dRSTi nahIM DAlI hai kintu aAtapa aura udyota meM avazya bheda kiyA hai / Atapa meM UrjA kA adhikAMza tApakiraNoM ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai aura udyota meM adhikAMza UrjA prakAza kiraNoM ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai / isase jaina vicArakoM ke vargIkaraNa kI vaijJAnikatA prakaTa hotI hai| ___ yadyapi abhI taka vaijJAnika vidvAn UrjA ko paudgalika nahIM mAnate haiM parantu sApekSavAda ke siddhAnta ( Theory of relativity ) aura vidyudaNu siddhAnta ( Electronic theory ) ke anusandhAna ke bAda yaha siddha ho gayA hai ki vidyudaNu ( Electron ) pudgala kA sArvabhauma anivArya tattva hai| vaha eka vidyutkaNa hai aura isa prakAra yaha sarvasammata hai ki prakRti aura UrjA (Matter & energy) eka hI haiN| mAtrA ( Mass ) aura UrjA ke bIca kA sambandha nimnalikhita samIkaraNa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai UrjA=mAtrA (prakAza kI gati )2 raisTalaisa yUnivarsa ( Restless universe ) ke lekhaka maiksavAna mahodaya ne likhA hai ki sApekSavAda ke siddhAnta ke anusAra mAtrA arthAt prakRti ( Matter ) va UrjA ( Energy ) anivAryarUpa se eka hI haiN| ye eka hI vastu ke do rUpAntara haiN| mAtrA UrjA ke rUpa meM aura UrjA mAtrA ke rUpa meM rUpAntarita ho sakatI hai prakRti kI paribhASA vijJAna isa prakAra karatA hai jisameM bhAra ( Weight) ho aura jo kSetra ko gheratA ho| vaijJAnika prayogoM se aba yaha siddha ho gayA hai ki UrjA meM bhI bhAra hotA hai aura isaliye UrjA kA bhI prakRti kI paribhASA meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai|
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________________ 236 tattvArthasUtra [5. 25. . isase spaSTa hai ki jaina dArzanikoM kA zabda Adi ko pudgala kI paryAya mAnanA yuktisaMgata, tathyapUrNa va vijJAnasaMgata hai // 24 // pudgaloM ke bhedaaNavaH skandhAzca // 25 // pudgala aNu aura skandharUpa haiN| pudgaloM meM saMyukta aura viyukta hone kI kSamatA spaSTa dikhAI detI hai, isI se vaha aNu aura skandha ina do bhAgoM meM baTA huA hai| kitane hI prakAra ke pudgala kyoM na hoM ve saba ina do bhAgoM meM samA jAte haiN| jo pudgala dravya ati sUkSma hai, jisakA bheda nahIM ho sakatA, isaliye jisakA Adi madhya aura anta vaha Apa hI hai, jo kisI do sparza, eka rasa, eka gandha aura eka varNa se yukta hai vaha paramANu hai| yadyapi pudgala skandha meM snigdha rUkSa meM se eka, zIta uSNa meM se eka, mRdu kaThora meM se eka aura laghu guru meM se eka ye cAra sparza hote haiN| kintu paramANu ke atisUkSma hone ke kAraNa usameM mRdu, kaThora, laghu aura guru ina cAra sparzoM kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA isaliye usameM kevala do sparza mAne gaye haiN| isase anya dvayaNuka Adi skandha banate haiM isaliye yaha unakA kAraNa hai kArya nhiiN| yadyapi dvathaNuka Adi skandhoM kA bheda hone se paramANu ko utpatti dekhI jAtI hai isaliye yaha bhI kathaMcit kArya ThaharatA hai, tathApi paramANu yaha pudgala kI svabhAvika dazA hai, isaliye vastutaH yaha kisI kA kArya nahIM hai| yaha itanA sUkSma hai jisase ise indriyoM se nahIM jAna sakate, tathApi kArya dvArA usakA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| tathA jo do yA do se adhika paramANuoM ke saMzleSa se banatA hai vaha skandha hai| itanI vizeSatA hai ki dvayaNuka to paramANuoM ke saMzleSa se hI banatA hai kintu jyaNuka Adi skandha paramANuoM ke saMzleSa se
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________________ 5. 25.] pudgaloM ke bheda 237 bhI banate haiM tathA paramANu aura skandha ke saMzleSa se yA vividha skandhoM ke saMzleSa se bhI banate haiM isaliye antya skandha ke sivA zeSa sava skandha paraspara kArya bhI haiM aura kAraNa bhii| jina skandhoM se banate haiM unake kArya haiM aura jinheM banAte haiM unake kAraNa bhii| ina aNu skandha rUpa pudgala ke mukhyataH chaha bheda kiye gaye haiMsthUlasthUla, sthUla, sthUlasUkSma, sUkSmasthUla, sUkSma aura sUkSmasUkSma / (1) sthUlasthUla-Thosa padArtha jinakA AkAra, pramANa aura dhanaphala nahIM bdltaa| jaise lakar3I, patthara aura dhAtu aadi| (2) sthUla-drava padArtha, jinakA kevala AkAra badalatA hai ghanaphala nhiiN| jaise jala aura tela aadi| ye padArtha jama jAne para Thosa ho jAte haiM taba inakA antarbhAva sthUlasthUla isa bheda meM hotaa| (3) sthUlasUkSma-jo kevala netra indriya se gRhIta ho sakeM aura jinakA AkAra bhI bane kintu pakar3a meM na AveM ve sthUlasUkSma pudgala haiN| jaise chAyA, prakAza andhakAra Adi UrjAe~ ( Energy) (4) sUkSmasthUla-jo dikhAI to na deM kintu sparzana, rasanA, prANa aura zrotra indriyoM ke dvArA jinheM grahaNa kiyA jA sake ve sUkSmasthUla pudgala haiN| jaise tApa dhvani Adi UrjAe~ va vaayu| vargIkaraNa meM UrjA ke anantara vAtiyoM ko rakhA gayA hai| bhAra ( Weight ) kI dRSTi se vAtie~ UrjA kI apekSA adhika sthUla haiM kintu vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra ghanatva ( Dansity ) na hokara dRSTigocara honA yA na honA hai| prakAza, vijalI Adi UrjAaiM AMkhoM se dIkhatI haiM vAtie~ nhiiN| isa prakAra dRzya aura adRzya kI apekSA inakA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| (5) sUkSma-skandha hone para bhI jinakA kisI bhI indriya dvArA grahaNa karanA zakya nahIM hai ve sUkSma pudgala haiN| jaise karmavargaNA Adi / dvathaNuka Adi kA isI bheda meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai|
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________________ 238 tattvArthasUtra [5. 26-27. Adhunika vijJAna jagat meM jina pudgala skandhoM kA vidyudaNu ( Electron ) udyudaNu ( Positron ) aura udyutkaNa ( Proton ) rUpa se ullekha kiyA jAtA hai. unakA antarbhAva bhI isI bheda meM kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoM ye sthUlasthUla aura sthUla skandha to haiM hI nhiiN| sAtha hI ye kisI indriya ke vipaya bhI nahIM, para haiM ye pudgala ho, ataH ye sUkSma isa bheda meM hI Ate haiN| (6) sUkSmasUkSma-pudgala hokara bhI jo skandha avasthA se rahita haiM ve sUkSmasUkSma pudgala haiM / jaise pudgala paramANu / niyamasAra meM ye chahoM bheda skandha ke batalAye haiN| isa hisAba se vicAra karane para jo skandha karmavargaNAoM se bhI sUkSma hote haiM unakA antarbhAva sUkSmasUkSma bheda meM hotA hai| jaise dvathaNuka Adi / isake sivA pudgaloM kA anya prakAra se bhI bheda kiyA jAtA hai| Agama meM aise bheda 23 batalAye haiN| yathA-aNuvargaNA, saMkhyAtANuvargaNA, asaMkhyAtANuvargaNA, anantANuvargaNA, AhAra vargaNA, agrAhya vargaNA, taijasa vargaNA, agrAhyavargaNA, bhApA vargaNA, agrAhyavargaNA, manovargaNA, agrAhyavargaNA, kArmaNavargaNA, dhruvavargaNA, sAntaranirantaravargaNA, zUnyavargaNA, pratyekazarIravargaNA, dhruvazUnyavargaNA, bAdaranigodavargaNA, zUnyavargaNA, sUkSmanigodavargaNA, nabhovargaNA, aura mhaaskndhvrgnnaa| __ prathama bheda ke sivA ye saba bheda skandha ke haiN| jinameM zUnya vargaNA kevala madhyake antarako dikhAnevAlI haiM // 25 // krama se skandha aura aNu kI utpatti ke kAraNabhedasaGghAtebhya utpadyante / / 26 / / bhedAdaNuH // 27 // bheda se, saMghAta se aura bheda, saMghAta donoM se skandha utpanna hote haiN|
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________________ 5. 26-27. ] krama se skandha aura aNu kI utpatti ke kAraNa 236 aNu bheda se hI utpanna hotA hai| skandha ko utpatti tIna prakAra se batalAI hai| koI skandha saMghAta se arthAt jude jude dravyoM kI ekatva prApti se utpanna hotA hai, koI skandha bheda se arthAt khaNDa hone se utpanna hotA hai aura koI skandha eka hI sAtha hue bheda aura saMghAta donoM se utpanna hotA hai| (1) saMghAta arthAt jude jude dravyoM kI ekatva prApti paramANuoM paramAguoM kI bhI hotI hai, paramANuoM aura skandhoM kI bhI hotI hai aura skaMdhoM skaMdhoM kI bhii| jaba do yA do se adhika paramANu milakara skaMdha banatA hai taba vaha paramANuoM ke saMghAtase skandha kI utpatti kahalAtI hai| jaba paramANu aura skandha milakara dUsarA skandha banatA hai taba paramANuoM aura skandha ke saMghAta se skandha kI utpatti kahalAtI hai| tathA jaba do skandhoM ke milane para tIsare skandha kI utpatti hotI hai taba skandhoM. ke saMghAta.se skandha kI utpatti kahalAtI hai| jaise do paramANuoM ke. milane para skandha banatA hai vaha saMghAtajanya dvathaNuka skandha hai| isI prakAra tIna, cAra, saMkhyAta aura ananta paramANuoM ke milane para krama se saMghAtajanya vyaNuka, caturaNuka, saMkhyAtANuka, asaMkhyAtANuka aura anantANuka skandha utpanna hote haiN| ye paramANuoM ke saMghAta se utpanna hue skandhoM ke udAharaNa hue| isI prakAra paramANu aura skandha tathA skandha skandha ke saMghAta se bane hue skandhoM ke udAharaNa jAna lenA caahiye| (2) jaba kisI bar3e skandha ke TUTane se choTe choTe do yA do se adhika skandha utpanna hote haiM to ve bhedajanya skandha kahalAte haiN| jaise IMTa ke tor3ane para do yA do se adhika Tukar3e hote haiN| ye saba skandha hote hue bhI bhedajanya haiM, isaliye bheda se bhI skandha utpanna hote haiM yaha kahA hai| ye bhedajanya skandha bhI dvathaNuka se lekara anantANuka taka ho sakate haiN|
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________________ 240 tattvArthasUtra [5. 26-27. (3) tathA jaba kisI eka skandha ke TUTane para TUTe hue avayava ke sAtha usI samaya anya skandha milakara nayA skandha banatA hai taba yaha skandha bheda-saMghAtajanya kahalAtA hai| jaise TAyara meM chidra hone para TAyara se nikalI huI vAyu usI kSaNa bAhara kI vAyu meM jA milatI hai| yahA~ eka hI kAla meM bheda aura saMghAta donoM haiN| bAhara nikalanevAlI bAyu kA TAyara ke bhItara kI vAyu se bheda hai aura bAhara kI vAyu se saMghAta, isaliye bheda aura saMghAta se skandha kI utpatti hotI hai yaha kahA hai| ye bheda-saMghAtajanya skandha bhI dvayaNuka se lekara anantANuka taka ho sakate haiN| bheda, saMghAta aura bheda-saMghAta ke ye sthUla udAharaNa hai| isakI vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye SaTkhaNDAgama aura usakI dhavalA TIkA dekhanI cAhiye / vahA~ batalAyA hai ki dvathaNuka vargaNA kI 'utpatti tIna prakAra se hotI hai-bheda se, saGghAta se aura bheda-saGghAta se / Age kI vargaNAoM ke bheda se isakI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai, isaliye to bheda se isakI utpatti kahI hai, do aNuoM ke saGghAta se isakI utpatti hotI hai isaliye saGghAta se isakI utpatti kahI hai tathA do dvathaNuka bheda ko prApta hokara punaH dvathaNuka avasthA ko prApta ho jAte haiM isaliye svasthAna kI apekSA bheda-saGghAta se isakI utpatti kahI hai| jyaNuka, caturaNuka, saMkhyAtANuka, asaMkhyAtANuka, anantANuka, AhAra vargaNA, agrAhya vargaNA, taijasa vargaNA, agrAhya vargaNA, bhASA vargaNA, agrAhya vargaNA, manovargaNA, agrAhya vargaNA, kArmaNa vargaNA aura dhruva vargaNA kI utpatti bhI aise hI tIna prakAra se hotI haiN| sAntara nirantara vargaNA, pratyekazarIra vargaNA, bAdaranigoda vargaNA, sUkSmanigoda vargaNA aura mahAskandha vargaNA svasthAna kI apekSA bhedasaGghAta se utpanna hotI haiN|
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________________ 5. 28.] acAkSuSa skandha ke cAkSupabanane meM hetu isa prakAra skandhoM kI utpatti kitane prakAra se hotI hai isakA vivecana kiyA // 26 // aNu kI utpatti kevala bheda se batalAI hai isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki aNu pudgala dravya kI svAbhAvika avasthA hai isaliye usakI utpatti saMghAta se nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki saMghAta meM do yA do se adhika paramANuoM kA sambandha vivakSita hai| SaTakhaNDAgama meM bhI aNu vargaNA kI utpatti isIprakAra se batalAI hai / / 27 / / acAkSupa skandha ke cAkSupa banane meM hetubhedasaMghAtAbhyAM cAkSuSaH // 28 // acAkSuSa skandha bheda aura saGghAta se cAkSuSa hotA hai| pudgalANu kA to cakSu se grahaNa hotA hI nahIM / skandhoM meM bhI koI skandha acAkSuSa hotA hai aura koI caakssuss| prastuta sUtra meM jo skandha acAkSuSa arthAt cakSu indriya se agrAhya hai vaha cAkSuSa kese ho sakatA hai isakA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jo skandha pahale sUkSma hone se acAluSa hai vaha apanI sUkSmatA kA tyAga kara yadi sthUla ho jAya to cAkSuSa ho sakatA hai para yaha kriyA na to kevala bheda se hI sambhava hai, kyoMki acAkSuSa skandha meM bheda ke ho jAne para bhI usakI acAkSuSatA jyoM kI tyoM banI rahatI hai aura na kevala saGghAta se hI sambhava hai, kintu isake liye bheda aura saGghAta donoM kI AvazyakatA hai| khulAsA isa prakAra aise do skandha lo jinameM eka acAkSuSa hai aura dUsarA cAkSupa / unameM jo acAkSuSa hai vaha cAkSuSa tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba vaha cAkSupa skandha ke sAtha ekatva ko prApta hokara sthUlatA ko prApta kara le| kintu samagra acAkSuSa skandha cAkSuSa skandha ke sAtha ekatva ko nahIM prApta ho sakatA, isaliye acAkSuSa skandha kA bheda hokara usakA kucha hissA
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________________ 242 tattvArthasUtra [5. 29-30. dUsare cAkSuSa skandha ke sAtha milakara sthUlatA ko prApta karatA hai aura taba jAkara acAkSuSa skandha cAkSuSa hotA hai| isaprakAra acAkSupa skandha kevala bheda se aura kevala saGghAta se cAkSuSa nahIM hotA kintu bheda aura saGghAta donoM se cAkSupa hotA hai yaha siddha hotA hai / / 28 // drabya kA lakSaNasad dravyalakSaNam // 29 // dravya kA lakSaNa sat hai| loka meM jitane padArtha haiM ve sabake saba sadrUpa haiM, aisA eka bhI padArtha nahIM jo astitva ke bahirmukha ho / yataH dravya kA mukhya dharma dravatA-chAnvayazIlatA hai jo astitva se bhinna nahIM, isaliye dravya kA lakSaNa sat kahA hai| yadyapi dravya aneka haiM aura unakI vividhatA bhI sakAraNa hai tathApi sadrUpa se saba eka haiM, isaliye 'sat' yaha lakSaNa saba dravyoM meM ghaTa jAtA hai| / / 26 // 'sat' kI vyAkhyAutpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat // 30 // jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tInoM se yukta arthAt tadAtmaka hai vaha sat hai| jainadarzana ke sivA anya darzanoM meM sat ke viSaya meM cAra mata milate haiN| eka mata yaha hai ki jagat meM jo kucha hai vaha eka hai, sadrUpa hai aura nitya hai| kintu isake viparIta dUsarA mata yaha hai ki jagat meM jo kucha hai vaha nAnA hai aura vizaraNazIla ( utpAda-vyayazIla ) hai| tIsarA mata sat ko to mAnatA hI hai para isake sivA sat kI paribhASA sata se bhinna asat ko bhI mAnatA hai| vaha sat meM bhI paramANudravya aura kAla, AtmA Adi ko nitya aura kAryadravya ... * zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha sUtra nahIM hai /
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________________ 5. 30.] sat kI vyAkhyA 243 ghaTa paTa Adi ko anitya mAnatA hai| cauthA mata sat ke cetana aura acetana do bheda karatA hai aura usameM cetana ko nitya tathA acetana ko pariNAmI nitya mAnatA hai| eka aisA bhI mata hai jo jagat kI sattA ko hI svIkAra nahIM krtaa|| kintu jainadarzana meM sat kI paribhASA bhinna prakAra se ko gaI hai| usameM kisI bhI padArtha ko na to sarvathA nitya hI mAnA hai aura na sarvathA anitya hii| kAraNadravya sarvathA nitya aura kAryadravya sarvathA anitya hai, yaha bhI usakA mata nahIM hai kintu usake mata se jar3a cetana samagra sadrUpa padArtha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyarUpa haiN| __ apanI jAti kA tyAga kiye binA navIna paryAya kI prApti utpAda hai, pUrva paryAya kA tyAga vyaya hai aura anAdi pAriNAmika svabhAvarUpa se anvaya banA rahanA dhrauvya hai| ye utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya sat yA dravya ke nija rUpa haiN| jaise koyalA jalakara rAkha ho jAtA hai| isameM pudgala kI koyalArUpa paryAya kA vyaya hotA hai aura kSArarUpa paryAya kA utpAda hotA hai kintu donoM avasthAoM meM pudgala dravya kA astitva acala rahatA hai| usake prAGgAra (Carbon ) tattva kA vinAza nahIM hotA hai| yahI usakI dhrauvyatA hai| dravya viSayaka upayukta siddhAnta ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue hI jaina siddhAnta meM jagatkartA kI kalpanA ko nirAdhAra kahA gayA hai| dravya avinAzI hai, dhruva hai aura isaliye usakA zUnya meM se nirmANa sambhava nhiiN| pudgala ko jIva athavA pudgala kA nimitta milane se usameM kevala paryAyoM kA hI parivartana sambhava hai| jainadarzana kA yaha dravyoM kI nityatA kA siddhAnta hI vijJAna kA prakRti kI anAzyatA kA niyama ( Law of Indestructibility of Matter ) hai| isa niyama ko 18 vIM zatAbdi meM suprasiddha vaijJAnika laihvAijiyara ( Lavoisier ) ne ina zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA thA-'kucha bhI nirmeya
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________________ 244 tattvArthasUtra [5.30. nahIM hai aura pratyeka kriyA ke anta meM utanI hI prakRti ( Matter ) rahatI hai jitane parimANa meM vaha kriyA ke Arambha meM rahatI hai| kevala prakRti kA rUpAntara ( Modification ) ho jAtA hai| _ vAstava meM isa sUtra dvArA jainadarzana kA samagra sAra batalA diyA gayA hai| jagat ke jitane bhI padArtha haiM una saba ke guNa dharma jude jude hokara bhI ve saba eka sAmAnya krama ko liye hue haiM isameM jarA bhI sandeha nahIM / padArthoM ke usa sAmAnya krama kA nirdeza hI isa sUtra dvArA kiyA gayA hai| isase hameM mAlUma par3atA hai ki jar3a cetana jitane bhI padArtha haiM ve saba eka hI dhArA meM pravAhita ho rahe haiN| isa tattva ko ThIka taraha se samajha lene ke bAda IzvaravAda kI mAnyatA to chinna-bhinna ho hI jAtI hai| sAtha hI nimittavAda aura isake antargata karmavAda kI mAnyatA kI maryAdA bhI spaSTarUpa se pratibhAsita hone lagatI hai| kartRtva kI yogyatA sva meM hai yA para meM yaha vAda purAnA hai| sarvathA bhedavAdiyoM ne aisI yogyatA kA bIja sva ko nahIM mAnA hai kyoMki unake mata meM jise sva kahA jAya aisA koI padArtha hI nahIM hai| unake isa bheda kI koI sImA hI nahIM rhii| yahA~ taka ki unhoMne guNa guNI meM bheda mAna liyA hai| isaliye unake yahA~ kAraNa tattva kA vicAra karate samaya yaha jijJAsA sahaja hI utpanna hotI hai ki jo bhI para padArtha kartArUpa se svIkAra kiye jAte haiM unameM yadi sabake saba ajJa haiM to unakA sAmaJjasya kaise kiyA jA sakegA? unameM kama se kama eka kAraNa to buddhimAn avazya honA caahiye| aisA kAraNa buddhimAna hokara bhI yadi hIna prayatna, niriccha aura avyApaka huA to vaha binA icchA ke sarvatra saba prakAra ke kAryoM ko kaise kara sakegA ? isaliye isI jijJAsA ke uttarasvarUpa unhoMne kartArUpa se Izvara ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unake mata se jagat meM jitane bhI kArya hote haiM una saba meM Izvara kI icchA, Izvara kA jJAna aura Izvara kA prayatna kArya karatA hai|
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________________ 5. 30.] sat kI vyAkhyA 244 kintu unakI yaha jijJAsA yahIM samApta nahIM hotI hai| isake Age bhI isakA krama cAlU rahatA hai| taba eka naI jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai ki yadi aisI sthiti hai to phira jagat meM viSamatA kyoM dikhalAI detI hai| jaba sabakA kartA Izvara hai to usane sabako ekasA kyoM nahIM bnaayaa| vaha sabako ekase sukha, ekasI buddhi aura ekase bhoga de sakatA thaa| svarga mokSa kA adhikArI bhI sabako ekasA banA sakatA thaa| usane aisA kyoM nahIM kiyaa| loka meM jo duHkhI, daridra aura nikRSTa. yonivAle prANI dikhalAI dete haiM unheM use banAnA hI na thaa| vaha aisA karatA jisase na to kisI ko kisI kA svAmI hI bananA par3atA aura na kisI ko kisI kA sevaka hI bananA pdd'taa| eka to use kisI kA nirmANa hI nahIM karanA thaa| yadi usane aisA kiyA hI thA to sabako ekase bnaataa| prArambha se hI vaha aisA dhyAna rakhatA jisase kisI prakAra kI viSamatA ko janma hI na miltaa| na hotA bA~sa na bajatI bA~surI / bhalA yaha kahA~ kA nyAya hai ki eka nIca jAti kA ho aura dUsarA ucca jAti kA, eka duHkhI daridra ho aura dUsarA sAtizaya sampattizAlI, eka corI jArI karake jIvana bitAve aura dUsarA nyAya kI tarAjU lekara isakA nyAya kre| kyA ina saba prANiyoM kA nirmANa karate samaya vaha so gayA thaa| yadi yaha bAta nahIM hai to phira usane aisA kyoM kiyaa| yadyapi isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna unake yahA~ karmavAda ko svIkAra karake kiyA jAtA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki yaha saba doSa usakA nahIM hai| kintu yaha doSa una una prANiyoM ke karma kA hai| jisane jaisA karma kiyA use usane vaisA banA diyaa| bhalA vaha isase adhika aura karatA hI kyaa| Akhira vaha buddhimAna hI to tthhraa| vaha aisA thor3e hI kara sakatA thA ki jo acchA kare use bhI acchA banAve aura jo burA kare use bhI acchA bnaave| yadi vaha aisA karatA to yaha usakA sabase.
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________________ tattvArtha sUtra [5.30. bar3A pakSapAta hotaa| kintu vaha aisA pakSapAta svayaM kaise kara sakatA thaa| yadi koI dUsarA pakSapAta kare to usakA nyAya usake darabAra meM ho sakatA hai| para yadi vaha svayaM isa prakAra kA pakSapAta karane lage to usakA nyAya kahA~ hogaa| taba to prANiyoM kI usake Upara se AsthA hI uTha jaaygii| isaliye usane apanA yahI nyAya rakhA hai ki jo jaisA kare use usake karmAnusAra hI yoni, buddhi aura bhoga milane caahiye| kintu vicAra karane se jJAta hotA hai ki jisa AdhAra se yaha jijJAsA utpanna huI hai vaha AdhAra hI sadopa hai| kyA bhalA yaha yukti se paTane kI bAta hai ki padArtha to ho aura usakA koI nijarUpa na ho ? jaba ki jagat meM padArtha haiM to unakA nijarUpa bhI honA cAhiye / anyathA unheM astirUpa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra jaba ki pratyeka padArtha kA apanA nija svarUpa siddha ho jAtA hai to bananA bigar3anA bhI usakA usI se mAnanA par3atA hai| isaliye siddhAnta to yahI sthira hotA hai ki pratyeka padArtha kA kartRtva usakA usI meM hai anya meM nhiiN| phira bhI sarvathA bhedavAdiyoM ne isa saMgata mAnyatA kI ora dhyAna na dekara svArthavaza aneka kalpanAe~ kara DAlI haiM aura dUsaroM ko una kalpanAoM kI ulajhana meM phaMsA kara unakI buddhi para tAlA lagA diyA hai| isase ve itane manda buddhi ho gaye haiM ki ve ina kalpanAoM ke jAla se sulajha kara bAhara nikala hI nahIM paate| yadi thor3I dera ko yaha mAna bhI liyA jAya ki pratyeka kArya kA kartA Izvara hai to vaha saba prANiyoM ke karmoM kA bhI to kartA huaa| phira yaha siddhAnta kahA~ rahA ki jo jisa prakAra kA karma karatA hai use vaha usake . karmAnusAra hI yoni, buddhi aura bhoga detA hai| taba to yahI siddhAnta sthira hotA hai ki acchA burA jo kucha bhI hotA hai vaha svayaM Izvara hI karatA karAtA hai| karma nAma kI to koI vastu hI nahIM ThaharatI / para Izvara kA yaha katRtva to taba bane jaba eka to anya padArtha anya kA
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________________ 5.30.] sat kI vyAkhyA 247 kartA siddha ho jAya aura dUsare pratyeka kArya meM buddhimAna ko AvazyakatA samajha meM A jAya / kintu vicAra karane para ye donoM hI bAteM siddha nahIM hotI haiN| na to eka padArtha dUsare kA kartA hI siddha hotA hai aura na pratyeka kArya meM buddhimAna kI AvazyakatA hI anubhava meM AtI hai| eka padArtha dUsare padArtha kA kartA to taba bane jaba vastu meM svakatRtva kI yogyatA na mAnI jAya / kintu isake sAtha yaha bAta bhI to hai ki jaba vastu meM svakartRtva kI yogyatA nahIM mAnI jAtI hai to usameM anya ke dvArA katRtva kI yogyatA kahA~ se A sakatI hai kyoMki jo svayaM apane jIvana ke liye uttaradAyI nahIM hai vaha dUsare ke jIvana ke liye uttaradAyI kese ho sakatA hai| isaliye eka padArtha dUsare padArtha kA kartA hai yaha siddhAnta to kucha samajha meM AtA nhiiN| yukti aura anubhava se bhI isakI siddhi nahIM hotii| anubhava meM to yahI AtA hai aura yukti se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki pratyeka padArtha kA kartRtva usakA uso meM hai anya meM nhiiN| isaprakAra jar3a aura cetana jitane bhI padArtha haiM ve jaba svayaM apane kartA siddha hote haiM to pratyeka kArya ke liye buddhimAn kAraNa kI kalpanA karanA bhI saMgata nahIM ThaharatA kintu jo jaisA hai vaha usI rUpa meM apanA kartA hai yahI siddha hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki prakRta meM utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya vastu ke svabhAvarUpa se svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| jo bhI padArtha hai vaha jisa prakAra apane svarUpa meM sthita rahatA hai usI prakAra vaha pariNamana zIla bhI hai| vahI svayaM kAraNa hai aura vahI svayaM kArya hai| jo usakA traikAlika anvayarUpa svabhAva hai vaha to kAraNa hai aura jo usakI prati samaya pariNamanazIlatA hai vaha kArya hai| yaha pratyeka padArtha ke kAryakAraNabhAva kI mImAMsA hai| yaha krama isIprakAra se cAlU thA, isIprakAra se cAlU hai aura isI prakAra se cAlU rhegaa| isameM kabhI bhI vyatikrama nahIM ho sakatA hai|| isa para yaha prazna hotA hai ki yadi pratyeka padArtha ke kAryakAraNa
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________________ 248 tattvArthasUtra [5.30. bhAva kI mImAMsA isaprakAra kI hai to phira ghaTAdi kI utpatti meM kuMmhAra Adi ko aura gati, sthiti Adi meM dharmAdi dravyoM ko nimittakAraNarUpa se kyoM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kyA isase eka padArtha dUsare padArtha kA kartA hai yaha nahIM siddha hotA hai / bhedavAdiyoM ne bhI to inheM isIrUpa meM kartA mAnA hai| phira kyA kAraNa hai ki unake usa matakA khaNDana kiyA jAtA hai| so isa prazna kA yaha samAdhAna hai ki yadyapi kAryakAritva kI yogyatA to usakI usI meM hai para vaha yogyatA nimittasApekSa hokara hI kAryakAriNI mAnI gaI hai, isaliye pratyeka kArya ke hone meM nimitta ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kintu kArya ke hone meM nimitta kA kitanA sthAna hai yaha avazya hI vicAraNIya hai| ataH Age isI bAta kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| nimitta do prakAra ke haiM-eka niSkriya padArtha aura dUsare sakriya pdaarth| niSkriya padArthoM meM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina dravyoM kI parigaNanA kI jAtI hai aura sakriya padArtha agaNita haiN| inameM se sarva prathama niSkriya nimittoM kI apekSA vicAra karane para ve apreraka nimitta hI prApta hote haiN| udAharaNArtha eka puruSa gamana karatA hai aura dharma dravya usake gamana karane meM nimitta hotA hai| aba yahA~ vicAraNIya yaha hai ki dharma dravya ne usa puruSa ke gamana karane ke liye preraNA kI taba vaha gamana karane ke liye pravRtta huA yA vaha jaba gamana karane lagA taba dharma dravya usake gamana karane meM nimitta huaa| ye do aise vikalpa haiM jinakA nirNaya hone para hI niSkriya nimittoM kI kArya maryAdA nizcita hotI hai| yaha to Agama meM bhI batalAyA hai ki dharma dravya gati meM nimitta kAraNa to hai para preraka nhiiN| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki yadi gati kriyA hotI hai to vaha nimitta hotA hai anyathA nhiiN| anubhava se vicAra karane para bhI yahI bAta samajha meM AtI hai kyoMki aisA nahIM mAnane para saba padArthoM kI sarvadA gati hI prApta hogI, ve kabhI bhI sthita nahIM raha
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________________ 5. 30.] sat kI vyAkhyA 246 skeNge| kintu dekhA yaha jAtA hai ki jahA~ taka jisa padArtha ko gamana karanA hotA hai ve gamana karate haiM aura jahA~ sthita honA hotA hai vahA~ ve sthita ho jAte haiM, isaliye ukta udAharaNa se to yahI nizcita hotA ki prathama vikalpa ThIka na hokara dUsarA vikalpa hI ThIka hai| arthAt jaba jIva aura pudgala gamana karane ke liye pravRtta hote haiM tabhI dharma dravya gamana kriyA meM nimitta hotA hai anyathA nhiiN| isaliye jitane bhI niSkriya padArtha haiM ve prerakarUpa se nimitta nahIM haiM yaha siddhAnta to sthira ho jAtA hai| aba vicAra kevala sakriya padArthoM ke vipaya meM hI raha jAtA hai so vicAra karane para inake vipaya meM bhI yahI nizcita hotA hai ki ye bhI preraka nimitta kAraNa nahIM haiM kintu dharmAdri dravyoM ke samAna ye bhI udAsIna nimitta kAraNa hI haiN| ye udAsIna nimittarUpa se hI nimitta kAraNa haiM aisA nirNaya karane ke tIna kAraNa haiM 1-jitane bhI sakriya padArtha haiM unameM nimittatA kI yogyatA sunizcita nahIM hai / eka bAra ve jisa prakAra ke kArya ke hone meM nimitta hote hai| dUsarI bAra ve ThIka usase viparIta kArya ke hone meM bhI nimitta hote haiN| udAharaNArtha-jo yuvatI prathama bAra kisI ko rAga kA vikalpa paidA karane meM nimitta hotI hai vahI yuvatI dUsarI bAra usI ko virAga kA vikalpa paidA karane meM bhI nimitta hotI hai| 2-jitane bhI sakriya padArtha haiM unameM eka kAla meM bhI nimittatA kI yogyatA sunizcita nahIM hai kyoMki vivakSita kAryoM ke prati ve jisa prakAra nimitta hote haiM unase viparIta kAryo ke prati ve usI samaya anya prakAra se bhI nimitta hote haiN| udAharaNArtha-jo yuvatI kisI eka ko rAga kA vikalpa paidA karatI hai vahI dUsare ko usI samaya virAga kA vikalpa paidA karane meM bhI nimitta hotI hai| 3-kArya upAdAnarUpa hotA hai kintu nimitta usase judA hai| mAnA ki koI koI nimitta upAdAna se abhinna pradezI bhI hotA hai| jaise
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________________ 250 tattvArthasUtra [5. 30. kisI yuvatI ko dekhane se usakA jJAna hotA hai aura yaha jJAna usake prati rAga ko paidA karane meM nimitta hotA hai| para isase ukta kathana meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI, kyoMki yahA~ para bhinna dravya usase bhinna kArya ke hone meM kaise nimitta hotA hai isakA vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| isase nizcita hotA hai ki sakriya padArtha niSkriya padArthoM kI taraha udAsInarUpa se hI nimitta kAraNa hote haiM, prerakarUpa se nhiiN| zaGkA-ina bAtoM se to itanA hI patA lagatA hai ki sakriya padArtho kI nimittatA aniyata hai / isase yaha to nahIM jAnA jAtA ki ve prerakarUpa se nimitta nahIM haiM ? . samAdhAna-jaba ki sakriya padArthoM meM nimitta hone kI yogyatA 'eka kAla meM do kAryo kI apekSA bhinna bhinna prakAra kI hotI hai taba phira unheM prerakarUpa se nimitta kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai arthAt nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ukta hetuoM ke AdhAra se yaha nirNaya hotA hai ki sakriya padArtha bhI apreraka nimitta haiN| ___ zaGkA-kabhI kabhI icchA na rahate hue bhI anicchita sthAna ke prati gati dekhI jAtI hai| jaise kisI zIghra gatizIla savArI se yAtrA karane para jahA~ utaranA cAhate haiM vahA~ utarane kA prayatna karane para bhI Age cale jAte haiM, isaliye isa udAharaNa se to yahI sthira hotA hai ki sakriya padArtha prerakarUpa se bhI nimitta hote haiM ? samAdhAna-isa udAharaNa se sakriya padArtha prerakarUpa se nimitta hote haiM yaha na siddha hokara kevala itanA hI siddha hotA haiM ki gati kriyA bhinna prakAra se huI aura icchA bhinna prakAra se huii| icchA aura gati meM ekarUpatA na Ane paaii| zIghra gatizIla savArI jisa sthAna para jAkara rukI vahA~ taka gati nahIM honI thI isakA niyAmaka kyA ? yadi isake niyAmaka kA patA laga jAya to avazya yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki sakriya padArtha prerakarUpa se bhI nimitta hai| kintu jaba taka isa
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________________ 5. 30.] sat kI vyAkhyA 251 bAta kA nizcaya nahIM hotA taba taka kevala itane AdhAra se sakriya padArtha ko preraka rUpa se nimitta mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| zaGkA-buddhi isakA niyAmaka hai| buddhi se yaha sthira kara liyA jAtA hai ki yaha kAma isa prakAra se honA caahiye| kintu jaba vaha kAma prayatna karane para bhI usa prakAra se nahIM hotA to mAlUma par3atA hai ki yahA~ nimitta kI balavattA hai| tabhI to vaha kAma jaisA vicArA thA aura jaisA prayatna kiyA thA vaisA nahIM huA ? samAdhAna-bAta yaha hai ki jaise koI kArya anya ke adhIna nahIM vaise hI vaha buddhi aura prayatna ke bhI adhIna nahIM hai| kArya apanI gati se hotA hai| yadi usakA buddhi aura prayatna se mela baiTha gayA to samajhA jAtA hai ki yaha buddhi aura prayatna se huA hai aura yadi usakA anya bAhya nimitta se mela baiTha gayA to yaha samajhate haiM ki yaha isase huA hai| tattvataH pratyeka kArya hotA hai apanI apanI yogyatA se hI kyoMki anvaya aura vyatireka bhI usakA usI ke sAtha pAyA jAtA hai| isaliye nimitta ko kisI bhI hAlata meM preraka kAraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| zaGkA-taba to kisI bhI kArya meM puruSArtha kA koI sthAna hI nahIM raha jAtA? ___ samAdhAna-puruSArtha kA artha prayatna hai, isaliye jisa kArya ke hone meM puruSa kA prayatna nimitta hotA hai vaha kArya puruSArtha pUrvaka kahA jAtA hai, ataH kArya meM puruSArtha kA koI sthAna hI nahIM hai yaha to kahA nahIM jA sktaa| zaGkA-daiva kA kArya se kyA sambandha hai ? samAdhAna-upAdAna-upAdeya sambandha to hai hI kintu kahIM kahIM nimitta-naimittika sambandha bhI hai| daiva zabda ke do artha haiM-pUrva karma aura yogyatA / yogyatA yaha pratyeka padArtha ke svabhAvagata hotI hai, isa
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________________ 252 tattvArthasUtra [5. 30. liye isa apekSA se upAdAna-upAdeya sambandha hai aura pratyeka kArya ke prati isakA honA anivArya hai, kyoMki yogyatA ke binA koI bhI kArya nahIM hotaa| jitane bhI kArya hote haiM ve saba apane apane upAdAna se hI hote haiN| kintu pUrva karma saba kAryoM meM nimitta nahIM hai| kucha hI kAryo ke hone meM vaha nimitta hai| aise kArya saMsArI jIva ke vividha prakAra ke bhAva aura usakI vividha avasthAyeM tathA zarIra, vacana, mana aura zvAsocchrAsa hI mAne gaye haiN| isaliye ina kAryo se daiva kA arthAt pUrva karma kA nimitta-naimittika sambandha mAnA gayA hai| ina kAryoM ke sivA jagat meM aura jitane bhI kArya hote haiM ve anya anya nimittoM se hote haiM, pUrva karma unakA nimitta nahIM hai| zaGkA-yadi nimitta kAraNa preraka nahIM hotA taba to yaha mAnanA cAhiye ki pratyeka kArya apane upAdAna kI yogyatAnusAra hI hotA hai ? samAdhAna-aisA mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai| zaGkA to phira nimitta kAraNa kyoM mAne gaye haiM, kyoMki isa sthiti meM nimittoM kI vizeSa AvazyakatA to nahIM raha jAtI hai ? samAdhAna-ve haiM, ataH mAne gaye haiM, isaliye unakI AvazyakatA aura anAvazyakatA kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| zaGkA-taba to yadi koI yaha mAnakara baiTha jAya ki jaba jo honA hogA so hogA, hama prayatna kyoM kareM, to kyA hAni hai ? samAdhAna-aisA mAnakara baiTha jAne meM hAni to kucha bhI nahIM hai, para aisA mAnakara vaha baiThatA kahA~ hai| jina kAryoM ke prati usakA rAga nahIM hai unake liye bhale hI yaha bahAnA kare para jina kAryoM meM usakI ruci hai unheM to vaha prayatnapUrvaka karanA hI cAhatA hai / yadyapi yaha ThIka hai ki pratyeka kArya upAdAna kI yogyatAnusAra hI hotA hai aura prayatna bhI tadanukUla hotA hai, para hote haiM ye donoM svatantra hii| kevala inakA
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________________ 5. 30.] sat kI vyAkhyA 253 nimitta-naimittika sambandha hone se yaha kahA jAtA hai ki yaha kArya isa prayatna kA phala hai| zaGkA-taba to jagat kA krama sunizcita-sA pratIta hotA hai ? samAdhAna-aisA mAnane meM bhI koI Apatti nahIM hai| zaGkA-yahI Apatti hai ki isase buddhi ko vizrAma mila jAtA hai aura prayatna manda par3a jAtA hai ? __samAdhAna-aisA mAnane se na to buddhi ko vizrAma hI milatA hai aura na prayatna hI manda par3atA hai, kyoMki inakA bhI apanI apanI dizA meM honA anivArya hai| hotA yaha hai ki jisakI buddhi yA prayatna jisa kArya ke banane-bigar3ane meM nimitta ho jAtA hai vaha vahA~ saphalatA yA asaphalatA kA bhAgI mAnA jAtA hai| zaGkA-yadi isa dRSTi se Izvara ko nimitta kAraNa mAna liyA jAya to kyA hAni hai ? samAdhAna-jisa AdhAra se IzvaravAda ko mAnA gayA hai usakA isa mAnyatA se koI mela nahIM baitthtaa| zaGkA-ina donoM mAnyatAoM meM kyA antara hai ? samAdhAna-IzvaravAda kI mAnyatA kA mukhya AdhAra usakI icchA aura usakA prayatna hai| vaha jisa kArya ke viSaya meM jaisA socatA hai aura jaisA prayatna karatA hai vaha kArya usIprakAra kA hotA hai| jisa samavAyI kAraNa se vaha kArya banA hai usakI koI svatantratA nahIM rhtii| kintu isa mAnyatA meM jar3a cetana donoM kI svatantratA akSuNNa banI rahatI hai usameM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| zaMkA-yadi isa mAnyatA meM nimitta ko jitanA sthAna prApta hai usa rUpa meM IzvaravAda ko mAna liyA jAya taba to koI hAni nahIM hai ? samAdhAna-yadi isa rUpa meM IzvaravAda ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai
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________________ 254 tattvArthasUtra [5.30. taba to Izvara kI mAnyatA kA koI mUlya hI nahIM rahatA / usakA mAnanA na mAnane ke samAna ho jAtA hai| zaMkA-IzvaravAda kI mAnyatA ke samAna yadi isa mAnyatA ko bhI tyAga diyA jAya to kyA hAni hai ? samAdhAna-yaha vastu svabhAva kA udghATanamAtra hai| jagat kA jo krama cAlU hai use hI udghATita karake batalAyA gayA hai isaliye ise mAnyatA zabda dvArA kahA gayA hai| kintu IzvaravAda kI mAnyatA kevala kalpanA kA viSaya hai| zaMkA-yadi kArya ke viSaya meM AMzika paratantratA mAna leM to kyA hAni hai ? ___ samAdhAna-yaha AMzika paratantratA kI mAnyatA hI pUrNa paratantratA kI mAnyatA kI jananI hai| IzvaravAda kI mAnyatA isI bhAvanA meM se panapI hai| ataH nimitta kI mukhyatA se to AMzika paratantratA banatI hI nhiiN| hA~ yadi paratantratA kA artha itanA kiyA jAtA hai ki kArya jaise upAdAna se hotA hai vaise vaha nimittasApekSa bhI hotA hai to aisI mAnyatA meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| yaha kAryakAraNavyavasthA ke anukUla hai| isase nimitta ko mAna kara bhI pratyeka padArtha kI svatantratA yathAvat banI rahatI hai| zaMkA-ukta donoM darzanoM meM se kise mAnane meM lAbha hai aura kise mAnane meM hAni hai ? samAdhAna-yadyapi hAni lAbha mAnyatA meM nahIM hai, kyoMki vastu vyavasthA jaisI hai vaha apane kramAnusAra svayaM cala rahI hai para ina mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra se jIvana para acchA burA prabhAva to par3atA hI hai / yathA IzvaravAda kI mAnyatA se nimnalikhita burAiyoM ko janma milatA hai
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________________ 5. 30.] sat kI vyAkhyA 255 (1) vyakti kI svatantratA kA apaharaNa hokara vaha sadA paratantratA kA anubhava karatA hai| vyakti kI mAlikI jAkara sadA ke liye vaha naukara mAnaM raha jAtA hai| (2) use apane utthAna patana ke liye dUsare kI ora dekhanA par3atA hai| (3) usake apane kArya meM bhI usakI svatantratA nahIM rhtii| (4) acchA burA jo bhI hotA hai vaha Izvara kI kRpA kA phala hone se kArya ke viSaya meM saMzodhana kI bhAvanA lupta hotI hai| (5) IzvarecchA ke nAma para eka vyakti ko dUsare vyakti para hAvI hone kA avasara milatA hai jisase aneka viSamatAe~ va saMgharSa janma pAte haiN| Aja kI Arthika vyavasthA, sAmAjika vyavasthA ka saMsthAvAda Adi isI ke phala haiN| ____ tathA svakata tva aura vyaktisvAtantrya kI bhAvanA se nimna likhita bhalAiyoM ko janma milatA hai (1) pratyeka vyakti apane ko pUrNa svatantra anubhava karatA hai| baha cetana ko to aisA mAnatA hI hai jar3a ko bhI aisA hI mAnatA hai| (2) pratyeka vyakti apane acche bure kAryoM ke prati svayaM apane ko uttaradAyI anubhava karatA hai| (3) eka vyakti kI dUsare para hAvI hone kI bhAvanA kA lopa hotA hai| (4) nimittanaimittika sambandhoM ke bIca meM kisI ajJAta zakti ke na hone ke kAraNa sahayoga praNAlI ke AdhAra para saMtulana rakhane meM suvidhA hotI hai jisase kisI bhI prakAra kI viSamatA ko janma dene meM vyakti nimitta nahIM hone paataa| - zaMkA-jaba jagat kA krama sunizcita hai taba IzvaravAda ko doSa dene meM kyA lAbha hai ?
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________________ 256 tattvArthasUtra [5. 31. samAdhAna-aisA mAna kara bhI vartamAna avyavasthA meM kAraNa IzvaravAda to hai hii| jaise vivakSita vyakti pUrNa svatantra ho sakatA hai para usakI vartamAna duravasthA kA kAraNa mithyAtva mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki usakI vartamAna avasthA kA kAraNa vahI hai| vaise hI vartamAna meM sarvatra jo vipamatA phailI huI hai usakA kAraNa IzvaravAda kI mAnyatA hI hai| isa mAnyatA kA tyAga kiye binA vyakti na to apane ko pUrNa svatantra anubhava kara sakatA hai aura na saMsAra bandhana se usakA chuTakArA hI ho sakatA hai| ___zaMkA-yadi kahIM nimitta aura kahIM upAdAna kI pradhAnatA mAna leM to kyA hAni hai ? __samAdhAna-aisA mAnane se pratyeka vastu kI svatantratA kA ghAta hotA hai jo iSTa nahIM hai, ataH pratyeka padArtha kI dhArA apanI yogyatAnusAra cAlU rahatI hai aura usa dhArA ke cAlU rahane meM anya anya padArtha nimitta hote rahate haiM aisA mAnanA hI ucita hai aura yahI siddhAnta pakSa hai / / 30 // nityatva kA svarUpataddhAvAvyayaM nityam / / 31 / / usake bhAva se (apanI jAti se) cyuta na honA nitya hai| pichale sUtra meM vastu ko trayAtmaka batalAyA hai| isa para prazna hotA hai ki utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ye tInoM eka sAtha kaise raha sakate haiM, kyoMki inake eka sAtha rahane meM virodha AtA hai| jo utpAda-vyayarUpa hai vaha dhrauvyarUpa nahIM ho sakatA aura jo dhrauvyarUpa hai vaha utpAdavyayarUpa nahIM ho sktaa| jaba ki dhrauvya nityatva kA sUcaka hai aura utpAda-vyaya anityatva ke sUcaka haiM taba usI ko nitya" aura usI ko anitya mAnanA yukta saMgata nahIM, kyoMki isase virodhAdi aneka doSa
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________________ 257 5.31.] nityatva kA svarUpa Ate haiM jisase vastu kA abhAva prApta hotA hai / . khulAsA isa prakAra hai-nityatva aura anityatva inakA zIta aura uSNa ke samAna eka kAla meM eka vastu meM rahanA virodhI hai, isaliye virodha doSa AtA hai| yataH inakA eka kAla meM eka vastu meM rahanA viruddha hai ataH inakA AdhAra bhI eka siddha nahIM hotA, isaliye vaiyadhikaraNya doSa AtA hai| eka hI vastu meM jina svarUpoM kI apekSA bhedAbheda mAnA jAtA hai una svarUpoM meM bhI kisI anya apekSA se bhedAbheda mAnA jAyagA, isa prakAra uttarottara kalpanA karane se anavasthA dopa AtA hai| vastu meM jisa dharma kI mukhyatA se nityatva dharma mAnA jAtA hai usI kI apekSA nityatva aura anityatva donoM mAnane para saGkara doSa prApta hotA hai| yadi jisa dharma kI apekSA bheda mAnA jAtA hai usI kI apekSA abheda mAnA jAya aura jisakI apekSA abheda mAnA jAtA hai usI kI apekSA bheda mAnA jAya to vyatikara doSa,AtA hai| yataH vastu nityAnityAtmaka hai ataH usakA kisI eka asAdhAraNa dharma ke dvArA nizcaya karanA azakya hai isaliye saMzaya doSa prApta hotA hai| aura isa prakAra vastu ke saMzayApanna ho jAne ke kAraNa usakI pratipatti nahIM ho sakatI aura binA pratipatti ke vastu kA astitva svIkAra karanA nahIM bntaa| isaliye pichale sUtra meM jo sat kI vyAkhyA utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa kI hai vaha nahIM banatI ? isa prakAra sat kI ukta vyAkhyA karane para jo aneka doSa prApta hote haiM unake parihAra ke liye jaina darzana ke anusAra nityatva kA svarUpa batalAnA prastuta sUtra kA prayojana hai| jaisA ki anya darzanoM meM nitya kA artha kUTastha nitya kiyA hai nityatva kA vaisA artha yadi jaina darzana meM kiyA hotA to eka hI vastumeM nityatva aura anityatva ke eka kAla meM mAnane meM ukta doSa bhale hI prApta hote / parantu jaina darzana kisI bhI vastu ko sarvathA nitya nahIM mAnatA kintu kathaMcit nitya mAnatA hai jisakA artha hotA hai pariNAmI
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________________ 258 tattvArthasUtra [5. 32. nitya / tAtparya yaha hai ki jaise trikAla meM apanI jAti kA nahIM tyAga karanA pratyeka padArtha kA svabhAva hai vaise hI usameM rahate hue pariNamana karanA bhI usakA svabhAva hai| yahI usakI pariNAmInityatA hai| isa prakAra vastu ko pariNAmInitya mAna lene para usameM santAna kI apekSA se dhrauvya aura pariNAma kI apekSA se utpAda-vyaya ke ghaTita hone meM koI doSa nahIM aataa| jaga meM cetana yA acetana jitane bhI padArtha haiM ve saba utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka haiM yaha isakA tAtparya hai // 31 // pUrvokta kathana kI siddhi meM hetuarpitAnarpitasiddheH // 32 // arpita kA artha mukhya aura anarpita kA artha gauNa hai| vastu anekAntAtmaka hai| usameM prayojanavaza jisa dharma kI mukhyatA hotI hai vaha vivakSAvaza pradhAnatA ko prApta hokara arpita kahA jAtA hai aura usase viparIta dharma anarpita ho jAtA hai| usa samaya usakI vivakSA na hone se vaha gauNa ho jAtA hai| usakA kathana nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| isaliye eka hI padArtha ko kabhI nitya aura kabhI anitya kahane meM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| yadi dravyArthika naya kI vivakSA rahatI hai to vaha nitya kahA jAtA hai aura paryAyArthika naya kI vivakSA rahatI hai to vaha anitya kahA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra eka hI manuSya apane pitA kI apekSA putra kahA jAtA hai aura apane putra kI apekSA pitA kahA jAtA hai / isa kathana meM koI virodha nahIM AtA hai, usI prakAra prakRta meM bhI jAnanA caahiye| kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki jisa samaya vasta nitya kahI jAtI hai usa samaya usameM ekamAtra nitya dharma hI rahatA hai aura jisa samaya vaha anitya kahI jAtI hai usa samaya usameM ekamAtra anitya dharma hI rahatA hai kyoMki aisA mAnanA yuktisaGgata nahIM hai| vastu jisa prakAra nitya hai usI prakAra vaha anitya bhI hai| eka
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________________ 5. 33.] paudgalika bandha ke hetu kA kathana _____ 259 dRSTi se nitya hai aura dUsarI dRSTi se anitya hai| traikAlika anvayarUpa pariNAma kI apekSA nitya hai aura prati samaya honevAlI paryAya kI apekSA anitya hai| isase vastu ko pariNAmInityatA siddha hotI hai| kintu ina donoM dharmoM kA vastu meM eka sAtha kathana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| unakA krama se kathana karanA par3atA hai, isaliye jisa samaya jisa dharma kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai usa samaya usako svIkAra karanevAlI dRSTi mukhya ho jAtI hai aura isase virodhI dharma ko svIkAra karanevAlI dRSTi gauNa ho jAtI hai| vastu meM viruddha do dharmoM kI siddhi isI prakAra hoto hai||32 / / paudgalika bandha ke hetu kA kathana-- snigdhruuksstvaadvndhH||33|| snigdhatva aura rUkSatva se bandha hotA hai| snigdhatva kA artha cikanApana hai aura rUkSatva kA artha rUkhApana hai| ye pudgala ke sparza guNa kI paryAya haiM jo pudgala ke paraspara bandha meM prayojaka mAnI gaI haiN| inhIM ke kAraNa dvayaNuka Adi skandhoM kI utpatti hotI hai / eka paramANu kA dUsare paramANu se akAraNa bandha nahIM hotA hai kintu usa bandha meM unakI snigdha paryAya yA rUkSa paryAya kAraNa hotI hai| ___yadyapi pratyeka kArya ke hone meM bAhya aura Abhyantara donoM prakAra ke kAraNa lagate haiN| kisI eka ke binA kArya nahIM hotaa| phira bhI yahA~ para bAhya kAraNa kA nirdeza na karake kevala Antara kAraNa kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isake dvArA yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki bandha kArya ke prati pudgala kI upAdAna yogyatA kyA hai jisase eka pudgala kA dUsare pudgala se bandha hotA hai| isa snigdha aura rUkSarUpa yogyatA ke dvArA hI dvathaNuka, vyaNuka, caturaNuka, saMkhyAtANuka, asaMkhyAtANuka
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________________ 260 tattvArthasUtra [5. 34-36. aura anantANuka skandha kI utpatti hotI hai, yaha ukta kathana kA tAtparya hai| pudgala meM aisI svAbhAvika yogyatA hai jisase vaha ina guNoM ke kAraNa bandha ko prApta hotA hai| jIva ko jisa prakAra pratisamaya ke bandha ke liye alaga alaga nimitta lagate haiM usa prakAra pudgala ko aise bandha ke liye alaga alaga nimitta apekSita nahIM hai| kintu vaha ina guNoM ke kAraNa paraspara meM sutarAM bandhako prApta hotA hai // 33 // bandhake sAmAnya niyama ke apavAdana jaghanyaguNAnAm // 34 // guNasAmye sadazAnAm // 3 // dvayadhikAdiguNAnAM tu // 36 // jaghanya guNa-zaktyaMzavAle avayavoM kA bandha nahIM hotaa| samAna zaktyaMzake hone para sahazoM kA bandha nahIM hotaa| kintu dro zaktyaMza adhika zrAdi vAle avayavoM kA bandha hotA hai| yahA~ guNa zabda zaktyaMza yA paryAyavAcI hai| pratyeka guNa kI paryAya eka sI nahIM hotii| vaha prati samaya badalatI rahatI hai / isaliye yaha prazna hotA hai ki pratyeka pudgala hara avasthA meM kyA bandha kA prayojaka mAnA gayA hai yA isake kucha apavAda hai| yahA~ prastuta sUtroM meM se pahale aura dUsare sUtra dvArA inhIM apavAdoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura tIsare sUtra dvArA bandha kI yogyatA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| prathama sUtra meM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki jina paramANuoM meM snigdha aura rUkSa paryAya jaghanya ho unakA bandha nahIM hotaa| ve taba taka paramANa dazA meM hI bane rahate haiM jaba taka unakI jaghanya paryAya nahIM badala jAtI hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki jinakI jaghanya paryAya nahIM
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________________ 5. 34-36.] bandha ke sAmAnya niyama ke apavAda hotI unakA bandha ho sakatA hai| parantu isameM bhI apavAda hai jo agale sUtra meM batalAyA gayA hai / isake anusAra madhyama yA utkRSTa zaktyaMza. vAle paramANuoM kA bhI bandha nahIM ho sakatA / inameM yadyapi baMdhane. kI yogyatA to hai para ye samAna zaktyaMzavAle paramANuoM ke sAtha bandha ko nahIM prApta hote itanA mAtra isakA tAtparya hai| isa sUtra meM sadRza pada aura hai / isase yaha artha phalita hotA hai ki asamAna zaktyaMzavAle sadRza paramANuoM kA aura samAna zaktyaMzavAle visadRza paramANuoM kA bandha ho sakatA hai jo iSTa nahIM hai isaliye tIsare sUtra dvArA bandha kI maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| isa sUtra meM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki do zaktyaMza adhika hone para eka pudgala kA dUsare pudgala se bandha ho sakatA hai| udAharaNArtha eka paramANu meM snigdha yA rUkSa guNa ke do zaktyaMza haiM aura dUsare paramANu meM cAra zaktyaMza haiM to ina donoM paramANuoM kA bandha ho sakatA hai| eka paramANu meM snigdha yA rUkSa guNa ke tIna zaktyaMza haiM. aura dUsare paramANu meM pA~ca zaktyaMza haiM to ina do paramANuoM kA bhI bandha ho sakatA hai / hara hAlata meM baMdhanevAle pudgaloM meM do zaktyazoM kA antara honA cAhiye / isase nyUna yA adhika antara ke hone para bandha nahIM hotaa| udAharaNArtha-eka paramANu meM snigdha yA rUkSa guNa ke do zaktyaMza haiM aura dUsare paramANu meM tIna yA pA~ca zaktyaMza haiM to inakA bandha nahIM ho sktaa| paramANuoM kI bandha yogyatA sarvatra dvayadhikatA ke niyamAnusAra mAnI gaI hai| vandha sadRza aura visadRza donoM prakAra ke pudgaloM kA paraspara meM hotA hai| sadRza kA artha samAnajAtIya aura visadRza kA artha asamAnajAtIya hai| eka rUkSa pudgala ke prati dUsarA rUkSa pudgala samAnajAtIya hai aura snigdha pudgala asamAnajAtIya hai| isI prakAra eka' snigdha pudgala ke prati dUsarA snigdha pudgala samAnajAtIya hai aura
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________________ 262 tattvArthasUtra [5. 34-36. rUkSa pudgala asamAnajAtIya hai| dvayadhika guNa ke niyamAnusAra yadyapi sahaza kA sahaza ke sAtha aura sahaza kA visadRza ke sAtha bandha hotA hai para jaghanya zaktyaMza vAle pudgala ke liye yaha niyama lAgU nahIM hai| vaha jaghanya zaktyaMza ke rahate hue sadA abaddha dazAmeM rahatA hai| yadi usakI jaghanya paryAya na raha kara vaha badala jAtI hai to ukta niyama ke anusAra vaha bhI bandha ke yogya ho jAtA hai| aba isI vipaya ko koSThaka dvArA spaSTa karake batalAte haiM kramAMka guNAMza sadRza bandha visadRzabandha nahIM nahIM nahIM nahIM nahIM nahIM jaghanya+jaghanya jaghanya + ekAdhika jaghanya + dvayadhika jaghanya + JyAdi adhika jaghanyetara+sama jaghanyetara . javanyetara + ekAdhika dhanyetara jaghanyetara + dvayadhika jaghanyetara jadhanyetara +tryAdi adhika jaghanyetara TM t nahIM nahIM nahIM * zvetAmbara paramparA meM ina sUtroM ke artha meM matabheda hai| vahA~ eka to guNAMzoM kI samAnatA rahane para visadRzoM kA bandha mAnA hai dUsare guNAMzoM kI visahazatA rahane para sahazoM kA bandha mAnA hai aura tIsare 'dvayadhikAdi' sUtra meM Adi pada ko prakAravAcI na mAna kara usase tIna, cAra Adi guNoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai // 34-36 / /
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________________ 5. 37.] bandha ke samaya honevAlI avasthA kA nirdeza 263 bandha ke samaya honevAlI avasthA kA nirdezabandhe'dhiko pAriNAmikau ca // 37 // . bandha ke samaya do adhika zaktyaMza do hIna zaktyaMza kA pariNamana karAnevAle hote haiN| pudgaloM kA kisa avasthA meM bandha hotA hai aura kisa avasthA meM bandha nahIM hotA hai isakA nirdeza kara dene para prazna hotA hai ki jina rUkSa aura snigdha zaktyaMzavAle pudgaloM kA bandha hotA hai bandha ke bAda unakI vaisI sthiti banI rahatI hai yA unameM ekarUpatA A jAtI hai ? isI prazna kA uttara dete hue yahA~ batalAyA gayA hai ki bandha ke samaya do adhika zaktyaMzavAle pudagala do hIna zaktyaMzavAle pudgala kA pariNamana karAnevAle hote haiN| yaha to pratyakSa se hI dikhAI detA hai ki jisa prakAra gIlA gaDa usa para par3I haI dhUli ko apane rUpa meM pariNamA letA hai usI prakAra anya bhI adhika gaNavAlA pudagala hIna guNavAle pudgala kA pariNamana karAnevAlA hotA hai| isa prakAra yadyapi hIna zaktyaMzavAlA pudgala adhika zaktyaMzavAle pudgala rUpa pariNama jAtA hai tathApi unakI pUrva avasthAoM kA tyAga hokara eka tIsarI avasthA utpanna hotI hai isaliye una ba~dhe hue pudgaloM meM ekarUpatA A jAtI hai / jisa prakAra vastra meM zukla aura kRSNa tantuoM kA saMyoga hotA hai aisA unakA saMyoga nahIM hotA kintu ve paraspara meM isa prakAra mila jAte haiM jisase unameM bhedakI pratIti nahIM hotii|| 37 // * zvetAmvara paramparA meM 'bandhe samAdhiko pAriNAmiko' aisA sUtra pATha hai / tadanusAra usameM eka sama kA dUsare sama ko apane svarUpa meM milAne rUpa artha bhI iSTa hai|
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________________ 264 tattvArthasUtra [5.38, prakArAntara se dravya kA svarUpa----- guNaparyayavad dravyam // 38 // guNa aura paryAyavAlA dravya hotA hai| pahale dravya kA lakSaNa batalA Aye haiN| yahA~ prakArAntara se usakA lakSaNa batalAyA jAtA hai| jisameM guNa aura paryAya ho vaha dravya hai| guNa anvayI hote haiM aura paryAya vyatirekI / pratyeka dravya meM kAryabheda se ananta zaktiyoM kA anumAna hotA hai| inhIM kI guNa saMjJA hai / ye anvayI svabhAva hokara. bhI sadA kAla eka avasthA meM nahIM rahate haiM kintu prati samaya badalate rahate haiM / inakA badalanA hI paryAya hai| guNa anvayI hote haiM, isa kathana kA yaha tAtparya hai ki zakti ke mUla svabhAva kA kabhI bhI nAza nahIM hotA / jJAna sadA kAla jJAna banA rahatA hai| tathApi jo jJAna isa samaya hai vahI jJAna dUsare samaya meM nahIM rhtaa| dUsare samaya meM vaha anya prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| isase mAlUma par3atA hai ki pratyeka guNa apanI dhArA ke bhItara rahate hue bhI prati samaya anya anya avasthAoM ko prApta hotA rahatA hai / guNoM kI ina avasthAoM kA nAma hI paryAya hai| isase unheM vyatIrekI kahA hai| ve prati samaya anya anya hotI rahatI haiN| ye guNa aura paryAya milakara hI dravya kahalAte haiN| dravya inake sivA svatantra padArtha nahIM hai| ye donoM usake svarUpa haiM / guNa aura paryAya rUpa se hI dravya anubhava meM AtA hai, yaha ukta kathana kA tAtparya hai| ___ pahale yadyapi dravya ko utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya svabhAva batalA Aye haiM aura yahA~ use guNa paryAyavAlA batalAyA hai para vicAra karane para ina donoM lakSaNoM meM koI antara pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki jo vastu vahA~ utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya zabda dvArA kahI gaI hai vahI yahA~
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________________ 5.38.] prakArAntara se dravya kA svarUpa 265 guNa aura paryAya zabda dvArA kahI gaI hai| utpAda aura vyaya ye paryAya ke dUsare nAma haiM aura dhrauvya yaha guNa kA dUsarA nAma hai, isaliye dravya ko cAhe utpAda, vyaya. aura dhrauvya svabhAva kaho yA guNa aura paryAyavAlA kaho, donoM kA eka hI artha hai| guNa aura paryAya ye lakSya sthAnIya haiM tathA utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ye lakSaNa sthAnIya haiM, isaliye guNa kA lakSaNa dhrauvya prApta hotA hai tathA paryAya kA lakSaNa utpAda aura vyaya prApta hotA hai| jisakA lakSaNa kiyA jAya use lakSya kahate haiM aura jisake dvArA vastu kI pahacAna kI jAya use lakSaNa kahate haiM / guNa kI mukhya pahicAna usakA sadAkAla bane rahanA hai aura paryAya kI mukhya pahicAna usakA utpanna hote rahanA aura vinaSTa hote rahanA hai / yahA~ dravyoM ko lakSya tathA guNa aura paryAya ko usakA lakSaNa kahA hai| isase sahaja hI inameM bheda kI pratIti hotI hai, kintu vastutaH inameM bheda nahIM hai / jo dravya hai vahI guNa aura paryAya haiM tathA jo guNa aura paryAya hai vahI dravya hai| isI prakAra paryAya bhI guNoM se sarvathA judI nahIM hai / guNoM kA anvaya svabhAva hI guraNa zabda dvArA kahA jAtA hai aura unakI vividha rUpatA hI paryAya zabda dvArA kahI jAtI hai| sAra yaha hai ki vizleSaNa karane para ina sabakI pRthak pRthak pratIti hotI hai, vastutaH ve pRthak pRthak nahIM haiN| isa viSaya ko ThIka taraha se samajhane ke liye sonekA dRSTAnta ThIka hogaa| sonA pItatva Adi aneka dharma aura unakI taratamarUpa avasthAoM ke sivA svatantra padArtha nahIM hai| koI sonA kama pIlA hotA hai aura koI adhika pIlA hotA hai| koI gola hotA hai aura koI trikoNa yA catuSkoNa hotA hai| sonA ina saba pItatva Adi zaktiyoM meM aura unakI prati samaya honevAlI vividha prakAra kI paryAyoM meM vyApta kara sthita hai| saba dravyoM kA yahI svabhAva hai| apane guNa paryAyoM ke sivA unakI aura svatantra sattA nahIM /
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________________ 266 . tattvArthasUtra [5. 36-40. dravya chaH haiM-jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla / inameM sAdhAraNa aura asAdhAraNa donoM prakAra ke ananta guNa aura unakI vividha prakAra kI paryAyeM tAdAtmya rUpa se sthita haiN| sAdhAraNa guNa ve kahalAte haiM jo ekAdhika dravyoM meM yA saba dravyoM meM pAye jAte haiN| astitva, vattutva, prameyatva Adi saba dravyoM meM pAye jAnevAle sAdhAraNa guNa haiM aura amUrtatva yaha pudgala ke sivA zeSa dravyoM meM pAyA jAnevAlA sAdhAraNa guNa hai| asAdhAraNa guNa ve kahalAte haiM jo pratyeka dravya kI apanI vizeSatA rakhate haiN| jIva meM cetanA Adi, pudgala meM rUpa Adi, dharma meM gatihetutva Adi, adharma meM sthitihetutva Adi, AkAza meM avagAhanatva Adi aura kAla meM vartanahetutva Adi usa usa dravya ke vizeSa guNa haiN| ye pratyeka dravya kI anujIvI zaktiyA~ haiN| inase hI usa usa dravya kI svatantra sattA jAnI jAtI hai| jisa dravya ke jitane guNa haiM utanI hI prati samaya unakI paryAyeM hotI haiN| paryAyeM badalatI rahatI haiN| dravya ko guNa paryAyavAlA kahane kA hetu yahI hai // 38 // kAla dravya kI svIkAratA aura usakA kArya* kAlazca // 39 // so'nantasamayaH // 40 // kAla bhI dravya hai| vaha ananta samaya ( paryAya ) vAlA hai| pahale kAla ke upakAroM para prakAza DAla Aye haiM parantu vaha bhI dravya hai aisA vidhAna nahIM kiyA hai isaliye yahA~ use dravya rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| - * zvetAmbara paramparA meM 'kAlazcetyeke' aisA pATha hai| tadanusAra ve kAla ko ekamata se dravya svIkAra nahIM karate /
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________________ 5. 39-40.] kAla dravya kI svIkAratA aura usakA kArya 267 pratyeka dravya kA prati samaya apanI vividha paryAyoM ke dvArA utpAda vyaya hotA hai| yaha utpAda vyaya akAraNa to ho nahIM sktaa| jaise jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM dharma dravya sAdhAraNa kAraNa hai aura gatipUrvaka honevAlI sthiti meM adharma dravya sAdhAraNa kAraNa hai, vaise hI pratyeka dravya kI prati samaya jo naI naI paryAyeM utpanna hotI haiM ve akAraNa nahIM ho sktii| unakA bhI koI sAdhAraNa kAraNa honA cAhiye / yahA~ jo bhI sAdhAraNa kAraNa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vahI kAla dravya hai| isameM bartanAhetutva Adi asAdhAraNa guNa haiM aura amRtatva, acetanatva, sUkSmatva Adi sAdhAraNa guNa haiN| tathA inakI utpAda vyayarUpa prati samaya honevAlI paryAya hai| isaliye dravya ke donoM lakSaNa ghaTita hone se yaha bhI dravya hai| kAla dravya paramANu ke samAna eka pradezI hai| vaha dvayaNuka Adi ke samAna saMkhyAta pradezI, dhame dravya ke samAna asaMkhyAta pradezI aura AkAza ke samAna ananta pradezI nahIM hai| * kAla dravya prati samaya honevAlI paryAya kA sAdhAraNa kAraNa hai isaliye use aNurUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| aise kAlANu asaMkhyAta haiM jo lokAkAza ke eka eka pradeza para sthita haiN| ___yadyapi dina rAta kA bheda sUrya Adi ke nimitta se hotA hai isaliye aisI pratIti hotI hai ki kAlika parivartana kA mukhya kAraNa pudgala hai| para jahA~ sUryAdi nahIM haiM kAlika bheda to vahA~ bhI hotA hai| vaha sarvathA akasmAt nahIM ho sakatA isaliye usake mukhya kAraNa rUpa se kAla dravya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaise vartamAna samaya hai aise hI atIta ananta samaya ho gaye haiM aura Age ananta samaya hoNge| samaya usakI eka paryAya hai| atIta
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [5. 41. anAgata aura vartamAna saba milA kara ve ananta hotI haiM isaliye kAla dravya ananta samayabAlA kahA gayA hai| __manda gati se eka pudgala paramANu ko lokAkAza ke eka pradeza para se dUsare pradeza para jAne meM jitanA kAla lagatA hai usakA nAma eka samaya hai| aise ananta samayavAlA kAla dravya hai yaha ukta kathana kA tAtparya hai // 36-40 // guNa kA svarUpa-- dravyAzrayA nirguNA guNAH // 41 // jo sadA dravya meM rahanevAle haiM aura svayaM guNa rahita haiM ve guNa haiN| pahale dravya ke lakSaNa kA nirdeza karate samaya guNa kA kathana kiyA thA, isaliye yahA~ usakA svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai| __ zaMkA-paryAya kArya hai aura guNa kAraNa hai / guNa aura paryAya donoM hI dravya meM pAye jAte haiM aura donoM hI nirguNa haiM isaliye 'dravyAzrayA nirguNAH' yaha kevala guNa kA lakSaNa nahIM ThaharatA, kyoMki yaha paryAya meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| samAdhAna mAnA ki yaha.lakSaNa paryAya meM bhI ghaTita hotA hai para isameM 'sadA' vizeSaNa lagA dene se paryAya kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai kyoMki paryAya utpAda vinAzazIla hai| ve guNoM ke samAna sadA dravya meM nahIM rahatIM para guNa nitya hone se sadA dravya meM rahate haiN| guNa zaktivizeSa kA nAma hai| usameM anya zakti kA vAsa nahIM isaliye use nirguNa kahA hai| aise guNa pratyeka dravya meM ananta hote haiN||41||
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________________ 5. 42.] pariNAma kA svarUpa 269 pariNAma kA svarUpa OM tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH // 42 // usakA honA arthAt prati samaya badalate rahanA pariNAma hai| pariNAma paryAya kA dUsarA nAma hai| jisa dravya kA jo svabhAva hai usI ke bhItara usameM parivartana hotA hai| jaise manuSya bAlaka se yuvA aura yuvA se vRddha hotA hai para vaha manuSyatva kA tyAga nahIM karatA vaise hI pratyeka dravya apanI dhArAke bhItara rahate hue parivartana karatI rahatI hai| vaha na to sarvathA kUTastha nitya hai. aura na sarvathA kSaNika hii| aisA bhI nahIM hai ki dravya alaga rahA Ave aura usameM pariNAma alaga se huA ko kintu aisA hai ki dravya svayaM mUla jAtikA tyAga kiye binA prati samaya bhinna bhinna avasthAoM ko prApta hote rahate haiN| inakI ina avasthAoM kA nAma hI pariNAma hai| ye saba dravyoM meM anAdi aura sAdi ke bheda se do prakAra ke hote haiN| pravAha kI apekSA ve anAdi haiM, kyoMki pariNAma kA pravAha pratyeka dravya meM anAdi kAla se cAlU hai aura anantakAla taka cAlU rhegaa| usakA na to Adi hai aura na anta hai| tathA vizeSa kI apekSA sAdi haiM / prati samaya nayA nayA pariNAma hotA rahatA hai / / 42 // ** isake bAda zvetAmbara paramparA meM 'anAdirAdimAMzca, rUpipvAdimAn , yogopayogI jIveSu' ye tIna sUtra aura mAne haiN|
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________________ chaThA adhyAya sAta tattvoM meM se jIva aura ajIva tattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA jA cukA hai| aba Asrava tattva kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| yoga aura prAsrava kA svarUpakAyavAGmanaHkarma yogaH // 1 // sa AsravaH // 2 // kAya, vacana aura mana kI kriyA yoga hai| vahI yoga Asrava hai| pAtaJjala yoga darzana meM yoga kA artha cittavRtti kA nirodha kiyA hai| jaina graMthoM meM bhI anyatra isakA yaha artha dekhane ko milatA hai| kintu prakRta meM yoga kA artha isase bhinna hai yaha batalAnA prastuta sUtra kA prayojana hai| tapAye hue lohe ko pAnI meM DAlane para jaise pAnI ati vega se parispandita hone lagatA hai vaise hI vIryAntarAya karma ke kSayopazama yA kSaya ke rahate hue manovargaNA, vacana vargaNA aura kAyavargaNA ke Alambana se honevAlA Atma pradezoM kA parispanda-halana calana yoga kaha _ lAtA hai / Azaya yaha hai ki saMsArI jIva ke madhya yogAra yAgasthAna ke ATha pradezoM ko chor3a kara zeSa saba pradeza prati samaya, udvelita hote rahate haiN| jo Atmapradeza prathama kSaNa meM mastaka ke pAsa haiM ve hI anantara kSaNa meM pairoM ke pAsa aura pairoM ke pradeza mastakake pAsa pahuMcate haiN| saMsAra avasthA meM yaha kampanavyApAra kriyA prati samaya
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________________ 6. 1-2.] yoga aura Asrava kA svarUpa 271 hotI rahatI hai| isI kampana vyApAra se karma aura nokarma vargaNAoM kA grahaNa hotA hai| jaina siddhAnta meM isa kriyA ko hI yoga kahA hai| tathApi Atma pradezoM kA yaha kampana vyApAra sava Atma pradezoM meM ekasA na hokara nyUnAdhikarUpa meM hotA hai jisase usakA tAratamya sthApita hotA hai aura isI tAratamya ke kAraNa vividha prakAra ke yogasthAna banate haiN| __ zaMkA-yoga aura yogasthAna meM kyA antara hai ? samAdhAna-Atma pradeza parispanda kA nAma yoga hai aura yoga kI vividhatA ke kAraNa taratamarUpase prApta hue sthAnakA nAma yogasthAna hai| yaha yoga Alambanake bheda se tIna prakAra kA hai-kAyayoga, vacanayoga aura mnoyog| vIryAntarAya karma ke kSayopazama ke hone para audArikAdi sAta prakAra kI zarIra vargaNAoM ke tInoM yogoM kA pudgaloM ke Alambana se honevAlA Atma pradeza svarUpa parispanda kAyayoga hai| zarIra nAma karma ke udaya se prApta huI vacana vargaNAoM kA Alambana hone para tathA vIryAntarAya, matijJAnAvaraNa aura akSarazrutajJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoM ke kSayopazama se utpanna huI Antarika vacana labdhi ke hona para vacana vargaNA ke Alambana se jo vacanarUpa pariNAma ke abhimukha AtmA meM pradezoM kA parispanda hotA hai vaha vacana yoga hai| tathA vIryAntarAya aura noindriyAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama rUpa Abhyantara manolabdhi ke hone para manovargaNAoM ke Alambana se manaH pariNAma ke abhimukha AtmA kA jo pradeza parispanda hotA hai vaha manoyoga hai / yadyapi sayoga kevalI ke bhI tInoM prakAra kA yoga hotA hai tathApi vahA~ vIryAntarAya aura jJAnAvaraNa kA kSaya hone para tInoM prakAra kI vargaNAoM ke Alambana se honevAlA Atmapradeza parispanda yoga hai aisA vyAkhyAna karanA cAhiye, kyoMki sayogakevalI ke kSAyopazamika bhAva nahIM hotaa|
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________________ 272 tattvArthasUtra [6. 3. inameM se ekendriya jIvake kevala kAyayoga hotA hai, kyoMki usake vacanayoga aura manoyoga kI kAraNabhUta sAmagrI nahIM pAI jAtI / dvIndriya se lekara asaMjJI taka ke jIvoM ke kAya aura vacana ye do yoga hote haiM / usameM bhI bhASAparyApti kI samApti 'kisake kitane yoga ke pUrva taka kAya yoga hI hotA hai| saMjJI jIvoM ke hAta ha tInoM yoga hote haiN| usameM bhI vacanayoga bhASA paryApti kI samApti ke anantara samaya se aura manoyoga manaHparyApti kI samApti ke anantara samaya se ho sakatA hai| tathApi eka kAla meM eka jIva ke eka hI yoga hotA hai| viveka yaha hai ki jisa jAti kI vargaNAe~ jaba Atma pradeza parispanda meM kAraNa hotI haiM taba vahI yoga hotA hai| yaha tInoM prakAra kA yoga hI prAstrava hai| Asrava ko dvAra kI upamA dI gaI hai| jisa prakAra nAle Adi ke mukha dvArA jalAzaya meM pAnI kA praveza hotA hai usI prakAra yoga dvArA hI karma aura nokarma vargaNAoM kA prahaNa hokara unakA AmA se sambandha hotA hai isaliye yoga ko Asrava kahA hai // 1-2 // yoga ke bheda aura unakA kAryazubhaH puNyasyAzubhaH pApasya // 3 // zubha yoga puNya kA aura azubha yoga pApa kA Asrava hai| prastuta sUtra meM yoga ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM eka zubha yoga aura dUsarA azubha yog| mana, vacana aura kAya ye pratyeka yoga zubha aura azubha ke bheda se do do prakAra ke ho jaate| pariNAmoMke AdhAra haiN| yadyapi yoga AtmapradezoM ke parispanda ko kahate sa yAga kama hai. isaliye usameM zubhAzubha kI kalpanA sambhava nahIM haiN| tathApi yahA~ yoga ke zubhatva aura azubhatva kA kAraNa bhinna aura dUsarA azI yoga ke do bheda pApa kA Asrava
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________________ 273 hai| jaise loka meM jisa uddezya se kriyA ko jAtA hai vaha kriyA usI prakAra kI mAnI jAtI hai| prazasta uddezya se kI gaI kriyA prazasta ginI jAtI hai aura aprazasta uddezya se kI gaI kriyA aprazasta ginI jAtI hai, vaise hI zubha pariNAmoM se jo yoga hotA hai vaha zubha yoga hai aura azubha pariNAmoM se jo yoga hotA hai vaha azubha yoga hai| zaMkA-zubha aura azubha ke bheda se karma do prakAra ke batalAye haiN| inameM se jo zubha karma ke bandha kA kAraNa ho vaha zubha yoga hai aura jo azubha karma ke bandha kA kAraNa ho vaha azubha yoga hai| yadi zubhayoga aura azubhayoga kA yaha artha kiyA jAya to kyA Apatti hai ? ___ samAdhAna-bandha kArya hai ora yAga kAraNa hai, isaliye kArya kI apekSA kAraNa meM zubhatva aura azubhatva kI kalpanA karanA ucita nahIM hai| tattvataH yoga meM zubhatva ora azubhatva pariNAmoM kI apekSA prApta hotA hai, isaliye zubha pariNAmoM se nivRtta yoga ko zubha kahA hai aura azubha pariNAmoM se nivRtta yoga ko azubha kahA hai| hiMsA, corI abrahma Adi azubha kAyayoga hai aura dyA, dAna, brahmacarya Adi zubha kAyayoga hai| asatya bhASaNa, kaThora bhASaNa, asabhya pralApa Adi azubha vAgyoga hai. aura satya bhASaNa, mRdu bhASaNa sabhya bhASaNa, Adi zubha vAgyoga hai| dUsaroM ke vadha kA cintana karanA, IrSyA karanA, DAi karanA Adi azubha manoyoga hai aura dUsaroM ke rakSA kA cintana karanA, dUsaroM ke guNotkarSa meM prasanna honA Adi zubha manoyoga hai| zaMkA-kyA zubha yoga se puNya karma kA ho Asrava hotA hai aura azubha yoga se pApakarma kA hI prAsrava hotA hai yA isameM kucha viropatA hai ? ' samAdhAna-zubha yoga se puNya karma kA ora azubha yoga se pApa karma kA Asrava hotA hai yaha pradhAnatA ko apekSA kathana kiyA hai|
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________________ 274 tattvArthasUtra [6.4 vastutaH pratyeka yoga se donoM prakAra ke karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai| yadyapi karmoM meM puNya aura pApa kA vibhAga anubhAga kI pradhAnatA se kiyA jAtA hai / jina karmoM kA rasa-anubhAga zubhaprada hai ve puNya karma aura jina karmoMkA anubhAga azubhaprada hai ve pApa karma / karmasiddhAnta kA aisA niyama hai ki vizuddha pariNAmoM se zubha karmoM kA anubhAga bandha utkRSTa hotA hai aura azubha karmoM kA anubhAgabandha jaghanya hotA hai tathA saMklezarUpa pariNAmoM se azubha karmoM kA anubhAgabandha utkRSTa hotA hai aura zubha karmoM kA anubhAga bandha jaghanya hotA hai| isase itanA to spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki zubha pariNAmoM ke rahate hue bhI donoM prakAra ke karmoM kA bandha hotA hai aura azubha pariNAmoM ke rahate hue bhI donoM prakAra ke karmoM kA bandha hotA hai tathApi jaise zubha pariNAma puNya karmoM ke tIvra anubhAga ke kAraNa haiM aura azubha pariNAma pApa karmoM ke tIvra anubhAga ke kAraNa haiM vaise hI zubha aura azubha yoga ke sambandha meM bhI jAnanA cAhiye / arthAt zubha yoga se puNya karmoM kA adhika bandha hotA hai aura azubha yoga se pApa karmoM kA adhika bandha hotA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jina karmoM meM puNya aura pApa kA vibhAga hai unameM se puNya karmoM kA prakRti aura pradezabandha zubha yoga kI bahulatA se hotA hai aura pApa karmoM kA prakRti aura pradezabandha azubha yoga kI bahulatA se hotA hai| prastuta sUtra meM bandha kI isI pradhAnatA ko dhyAna meM rakha kara sUtrakArane zubha yoga puNyakarmoM kA Asrava hai aura azubha yoga pApa karmoM kA Asrava hai yaha kahA hai||3|| ___ svAmibheda se zrAsrava meM bhedasakaSAyAkaSAyayoH sAmparAyikaryApathayoH // 4 // kaSAya sahita aura kaSAya rahita AtmA kA yoga krama se sAmparAyika karma aura IryApatha karma ke AsravarUpa hotA hai|
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________________ sAmparAyika karmAsnava ke bheda 275 krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kapAya hai| jisake ina cAra kaSAyoM meM se kisI eka kA udaya vidyamAna hai vaha kaSAya sahita AtmA hai aura jisake kisI bhI kaSAya kA udaya nahIM hai vaha kapAya rahita AtmA hai| dasaveM guNasthAna taka sabhI jIva kapAya sahita haiM aura gyArahaveM se lekara zeSa saba jIva kaSAya rahita haiN| __AtmA kA samparAya--saMsAra bar3hAne vAlA karma yA samparAyaparAbhava karanevAlA karma sAmparAyika karma kahalAtA hai| jaise gIle camar3e para par3I huI dhUli usake sAtha cipaka jAtI hai vaise hI yoga dvArA grahaNa kiyA gayA jo kama kapAya ke kAraNa AtmA se cipaka jAtA hai vaha sAmparAyika karma hai / yadyapi IyAkA artha gamana hai para yahA~ usakA artha yoga liyA gayA hai, isaliye IryApatha karma kA artha kevala yoga dvArA prApta honevAlA karma hotA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jaise sUkhI bhIta para dhUli Adi ke phekane para vaha usase na cipaka kara tatkAla jamIna para gira jAtI hai vaise hI yoga se grahaNa kiyA gayA jo kama kapAya ke abhAva meM AtmA se na cipaka kara tatkAla alaga ho jAtA hai vaha IryApatha karma hai / prakRtibandha, sthitibandha, anubhAgabandha aura pradezabandha ye bandha ke cAroM bheda sAmparAyika kama meM pAye jAte haiM aura IryApatha karma meM prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha ye do hI bheda pAye jAte haiM, sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha nahIM pAye jaate| cUMki sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha kA kAraNa kaSAya hai tathA prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha kA kAraNa yoga hai isI se kapAya sahita AtmA kA yoga sAmparAyika Asrava batalAyA hai aura kapAya rahita jIva kA yoga Iyopatha Asrava batalAyA hai||3|| sAmparAyika karmAsrava ke bhedaindriyakaSAyAvratakriyAH paJcacatuHpaJcapaJcaviMzatisaMkhyAH pUrvasya bhedAH // 5 //
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________________ 276 tattvArthasUtra [6.5.. pUrva ke arthAt sAmparAyika karmAlava ke indriya, kaSAya, avrata aura kriyArUpa bheda haiM jo krama se pA~ca, cAra, pA~ca aura paccIsa haiN| ___ yadyapi samparAya kA artha kaSAya hone se kevala kaSAyoM ko hI sAmparAyika Asrava ke bhedoM meM ginAnA thA tathApi vizeSa parijJAna ke liye indriya, avrata aura kriyAoM ko bhI sAmparAyika Asrava ke bhedoM meM ginAyA hai| kaSAyoM ke sadbhAva meM hI indriyA~ iSTAniSTa viSayoM meM pravRtta hotI haiM, hiMsAdika attoM meM pravRtti bhI kaSAyamUlaka hI hotI hai aura paccIsa kriyAyeM bhI kapAyoM kI vividhatA kA hI phala haiM isaliye ina sabako sAmparAyika Asrava ke bhedoM meM ginAyA hai| ____ sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra ye pA~ca indriyA~ haiN| inakA varNana adhyAya do sUtra unnIsa meM A cukA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kaSAya haiN| inakA vizeSa varNana adhyAya ATha sUtra nau meM kiyA hai| hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahma aura parigraha ye pA~ca avrata hai| inakA vizeSa varNana adhyAya sAta sUtra teraha se satraha taka hai| kriyA paJcIsa haiM jinakA svarUpa isa prakAra hai 1--jo caitya, guru aura pravacana kI pUjA kA kAraNa hone se samyaktva ke bar3hAnevAlI hai vaha samyaktva kriyA hai| 2-jo mithyAtva ke udaya se anya deva kI upAsanA rUpa pravRtti hotI hai vaha mithyAtva kriyA hai| 3-zarIra Adi dvArA jAne Ane Adi rUpa pravRtti karanA prayoga kriyA hai| 4-saMyata yA tyAgI kA avirati kI ora jhukAva honA samAdAna' kriyA hai / 5-IryApatha kI nimittabhUta kriyA IryApatha kriyA hai| 1-vIryAntarAya aura jJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hone para prAMgopAMga nAma karma ke Alambana se kAyayoga, vacanayoga aura manoyoga kI racanA meM samartha pudgaloM kA gahaNa karanA samAdAna kriyA hai / rA0 vA0, zloka vA0 /
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________________ sAmparAyika karmAsrava ke bheda 277 1-krodha ke zrAveza se honevAlI prAdoSakI kriyA hai| 2-duSTabhAva yukta hokara kisI kAma ke liye prayatna karanA kAyikI kriyA hai| 3-hiMsA ke kAraNabhUta upakaraNoM kA grahaNa karanA prAdhikaraNikI kriyA hai| 4-prANiyoM ko duHkha utpanna karanevAlI pAritApikI kriyA hai| 5-Ayu, indriya, bala aura prANoM kA viyoga karanevAlI prANAtipAtikI kriyA hai| 1-rAgavaza ramaNIya rUpa ke dekhane kA abhiprAya rakhanA darzana kriyA hai| 2-pramAdavaza hokara sparza karane yogya vastuoM ke sparza karane kI vRnti sparzana kriyA hai| 3-naye naye zastroM ko banAnA prAtyayikI kriyA hai| 4-strI, purupa aura pazuoM ke jAne, Ane aura rahane ke sthAna meM mala mUtra Adi kA tyAga karanA samantAnupAtana kriyA hai| 5-anavalokita aura apramArjita bhUmi para zarIra Adi kA rakhanA anAbhoga kriyA hai| 1-dUsare ke karane yogya kriyA ko svayaM kara lenA svahasta kriyA hai| 2-pApAdAna Adi pravRtti vizeSa ke liye svIkAratA denA nisarga kriyA hai / 3-dUsare ne jo sAvadha kArya kiyA ho use prakAzita kara denA vidAraNa kriyA hai| 4-cAritra sohanIya ke udaya se zAstrokta kriyA ko pAlana na kara sakane ke kAraNa usakA viparIta kathana karanA AjJAvyApAdikI kriyA hai / 5-dhUrtatA aura Alasya ke kAraNa zAstrokta vidhi ke pAlana karane meM anAdara karanA anAkAMkSA kriyA hai| 1-chedanA, bhedanA aura mAranA Adi kriyAoM meM svayaM rata rahanA aura dUsaroM ke dvArA vaisA karane para Ananda mAnanA prArambha kriyA hai| 2-parigraha kA nAza na hone ke liye kiyA jAnevAlA prayatna pApiyAhikI kriyA hai| 3-jJAna aura darzana Adi ke vipaya meM chalapUrNa vyavahAra karanA mAyA kriyA hai| 4-mithyAdarzana kriyA ke anukUla sAmagrI jor3ane meM jo juTA hai usako 'tU Thoka karatA hai' ityAdi kaha
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________________ tattvArthasUtra .kara prazaMsA Adi dvArA dRr3ha karanA mithyAdarzana kriyA hai| 5-saMyama kA ghAta karanevAle karmoM kA udaya hone se tyAgarUpa pravRtti kA na honA apratyAkhyAna kriyA hai| pA~ca pA~ca ke hisAba se ye paccIsa kriyAyeM haiN| ye sabakI saba kaSAya mUlaka hone se sAmparAyika Asrava kA kAraNa haiN| samyaktva kriyA meM bhI prazasta rAga rahatA hai, anyathA caityAdikI bhakti, zraddhA aura pUjA bana nahIM sakatI hai| muniyoM kI IryAsamiti Adi jo pA~ca samitiyA~ batalAI haiM ve sabakI sava pravRttimUlaka hI haiN| unhIM kA jJApana karane ke liye IryApatha kriyA kA nirdeza kiyA hai| isameM bhI buddhipUrvaka pravRtti pAI jAtI hai jo prazasta rAgapUrvaka hotI hai, isaliye yaha bhI sAmparAyika Asrava kA kAraNa hai| yadyapi IryApatha karma ke prAstrava kA kAraNa yoga bhI IryApatha kriyA kahA jA sakatA hai, tathApi yahA~ sAmparAyika Asrava ke bheda ginAye gaye haiM, isaliye IryApatha kriyA kA pUrvokta artha karanA hI ucita jAna par3atA hai / / 5 // zrAsava ke kAraNa samAna hone para bhI pariNAma bheda se Asava meM jo vizeSatA bhAtI hai usakA nirdeza* tIvramanda jJAtAjJAtabhAvAdhikaraNavIryavizeSebhyastadvizeSaH / / 6 / / tIvrabhAva, mandabhAva, jJAtabhAva, ajJAtabhAva, adhikaraNa aura vIrya inake bheda se usakI arthAt prAsrava kI vizeSatA hotI hai| pichale sUtra meM Asrava ke jo bheda batalAye haiM unameM ina tIvrabhAva, mandabhAva, Adi ke kAraNa aura bhI vizeSatA A jAtI hai / arthAt eka eka prAsrava kA bheda ina tIvrabhAva Adi ke kAraNa aneka prakAra kA ho jAtA hai jisase pA~ca indriyA~, cAra kaSAya, pA~ca avrata aura paJcIsa kriyA inameM se kisI eka eka kAraNa ke rahane para bhI usase honevAlA karmabandha aneka prakAra kA ho jAtA hai|
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________________ Asrava meM vizeSatA kA nirdeza 279 ___ antaraGga aura bahiraGga kAraNoM kI prabalatA se jo utkaTa pariNAma hotA hai vaha tIvrabhAva hai / mandabhAva isase viparIta hai| darzana kriyA ke samAna hone para bhI pariNAmoM kI tIvratA aura mandatA ke kAraNa usameM antara A jAtA hai jisase nyUnAdhika karmabandha hotA hai| udAharaNArtha-aise do vyakti haiM jinameM se eka kI bolapaTa dekhane kI abhiruci tatra hai aura dUsare kI manda to ina do vyaktiyoM meM se manda Asakti pUrvaka dekhanevAle kI apekSA tIvra Asakti se dekhanevAlA vyakti Asrava bheda ke kAraNa adhika karmabandha karegA aura manda Asa. ktivAlA nyUna karmabandha kregaa| yaha mArane yogya hai aisA jAnakara pravRtti karanA jJAtabhAva hai aura ahaMkAra yA pramAdavaza binA jAne pravRtti karanA ajJAtabhAva hai| bAhya kriyA ke samAna hone para bhI ina bhAvoM ke kAraNa Asrava meM antara A jAtA hai jisase nyUnAdhika karmabandha hotA hai| udAharaNArtha-aise do vyakti haiM jinameM se eka hiMsA karanA cAhatA hai aura dUsare kA bhAva zarasandhAna sAdhane kA hai| inameM se pahale ne jAnakara hiMsA kI aura dUsare ke dvArA zarasandhAna sAdhate hue binA jAne hiMsA ho gaI to ina do meM se prathama Asrava ke kAraNoM meM bheda ho jAne se adhika bandha karegA aura dUsarA nyUna / adhikaraNa kA matalaba AdhAra se hai| isake jIva aura ajIva rUpa aneka bheda Age kahe jAnevAle haiN| isa kAraNa se bhI Asrava meM bheda ho kara karmabandha meM vizeSatA AtI hai| jaise-- do prANI haiM jo chU kara jAna rahe haiN| unameM se eka ekendriya hai aura dUsarA paJcendriya / yadyapi ina donoM kI kriyA eka hai tathApi AdhAra bheda se Anava meM bheda hokara inake nyUnAdhika karmabandha hotA hai| ekendriya jIva nyUna karmabandha karatA hai aura paJcendriya isase adhika karmabandha karatA hai| yaha jIvAdhikaraNa,kA udAharaNa hai| isI prakAra ajIvAdhikaraNa kA
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________________ 280 tattvArthasUtra [6. 7-6. udAharaNa bhI jAna lenA caahiye| jaise-eka manuSya ko prathama dina ugra astra diyA gayA aura dUsare dina mAmUlI, jisase pahale dina usakA hiMsA karane kA bhAva dviguNita ho gayA aura dUsare dina vaha manda par3a gyaa| isa prakAra ajIvAdhikaraNa ke bheda se aAkhava meM bheda ho kara karmabandha nyUnAdhika hotA hai| prathama dina tIvra astra hone ke kAraNa pariNAmoM meM tIvratA AgaI thI jisase adhika karmabandha huA aura dUsare dina mAmUlI astra hone ke kAraNa hiMsA karane meM utsAha na rahA, isaliye manda karmabandha huaa| zakti vizeSa vIrya kahalAtA hai| isase bhI prAsnaba meM bheda hokara karmabandha meM pharaka par3a jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha -- aise do vyakti haiM jo janatA kI sevA karanA cAhate haiN| kintu eka honabala hai aura dUsarA adhikabala / jo hInabala hai vaha isaliye aprasanna rahatA hai ki usase sevA nahIM bana pAtI aura dUsarA isake viparIta prasanna rahatA hai| yataH isase bhI Asrava meM bheda hotA hai isaliye yaha bhI nyUnAdhika karmabandha kA kAraNa hai| __ isa prakAra ina tIvrabhAva Adi ke kAraNa Asrava aneka prakAra kA ho jAtA hai isaliye isake kAryarUpa se karmabandha meM bhI pharaka par3a jAtA hai yaha prastuta sUtra kA bhAva hai // 6 // adhikaraNa ke bheda-prabhedaadhikaraNaM jIvAjIvAH // 7 // AdyaM sNrmbhsmaarmbhaarmbhyogkRtkaaritaanumtkssaayvishepaisvistristrishctushcaikshH|| 8 // nivartanAnikSepasaMyoganisargA dvicaturdvitribhedAH param // 9 // adhikaraNa jIva aura ajIvarUpa hai|
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________________ 6.7-9.] adhikaraNa ke bheda-prabheda 281 jisameM pahalA jIvAdhikaraNa saMrambha, samArambha aura prArambha ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA; yogabheda se tIna prakAra kA; kRta, kArita aura anumata ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA tathA kapAya bheda se cAra prakAra kA hotA huA paraspara milAne se 108 bhedarUpa hai|| ___ tathA para arthAt ajIvAdhikaraNa krama se do bheda, cAra bheda, do bheda aura tIna bhedavAle nirvartanA, nikSepa, saMyoga aura nisargarUpa hai| saMsAra cakra jIva aura ajIva ke sambandha kA phala hai; zubhAzubha karmoM kA bandha bhI inhIM ke nimitta se hotA hai isaliye Asrava ke adhikaraNa jIva aura ajIva batalAye haiN| yahA~ adhikaraNa se jIva aura ajIva dravya liye haiM, tathApi ve vividha prakAra kI paryAyoM se AkrAnta hote haiM, isaliye paryAyoM ke bheda se unameM bheda hojAtA hai||7|| yahA~ samagra jIvoM kI aisI avasthAyeM krodhakRta kAyasaMrambha Adi ke bheda se 108 batalAI haiN| ina 108 avasthAoM meM se pratyeka sakaSAya jIva kisI na kisI avasthA se yukta avazya hotA hai| pramAdI jIva kA prANoM kA viyoga karanA Adi ke liye prayatna kA Aveza saMrambha hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki zubhAzubha kisI bhI kArya ke karane kA saMkalpa karanA saMrambha hai| saMkalpita kArya ke liye sAdhanoM kA juTAnA samArambha hai aura usa kArya ko karane laganA Arambha hai| kArya tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika, isaliye ye saMrambhAdika tIna ukta tInoM kAryoM ke bheda se nau prakAra ke ho jAte haiN| ye nau prakAra ke kArya yA to svayaM kRta hote haiM yA anya se karAye jAte haiM yA anumata hote haiM, isaliye kRta, kArita aura anumodanA ke bheda se ve sattAIsa prakAra ke ho jAte haiN| ye sattAIsa bheda yA to krodha ke vipaya hote haiM, yA mAna ke, yA mAyA ke, yA lobha ke viSaya hote haiN| isaliye ina santAIsa bhedoM ko cAra kaSAyoM se guNita karane para kula eka sau ATha bheda
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________________ 282 tattvArthasUtra [6.7-6. hote haiN| ye hI saba jIvoM kI vividha avasthAyeM haiM jo karmabandha kI kAraNa haiN| inameM se kisI na kisI avasthA ke jariye pratyeka jIva nirantara karmabandha karatA rahatA hai| ina avasthAoM ko samajhane ke liye nimna likhita koSThaka upayogI hai saMrambha samArambha | Arambha kAya vacana / mana kArita - anumata 18 - krodha mAyA lobha 81 isa koSThaka meM jIvAdhikaraNa ke saba bheda aura unakI saMkhyA lAne ke krama kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai||| 8 // jo mUrta padArtha zarIra Adi ke dvArA jIvoM ke upayoga meM Akara karmabandha ke kAraNa hote haiM ve saba ajIvAdhikaraNa haiN| yadi jIvoM ke upayoga meM AnevAle mUrta skandha dravyoM ko ginAyA jAya to ve agaNita ho jAte haiM, isaliye yahA~ unheM na ginA kara unakI kriyA paraka ve avasthAyeM ginAI haiM jo jIva ke samparka se huA karatI haiN| aisI avasthAyeM cAra haiN| jaise nirvartanA-racanA, nikSepa-rakhanA, saMyogamilAnA aura nisarga-pravartana / nirvartanA ke mUlaguNanirvartanA aura
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________________ 6. 7-9.] adhikaraNa ke bheda-prabheda 283 uttaraguNa nirvartanA ye do bheda haiN| mUlapada se pA~coM zarIra, vacana, mana zvAsocchavAsa inakA grahaNa hotA hai tathA uttarapada se kASThakama, pustakarma aura citrakarma Adi kA grahaNa hotA hai| pA~coM zarIroM, vacana, mana aura zvAsochavAsa kI jo racanA antaraGga sAdhanarUpa se jIvoM ko zubhAzubha pravRtti meM upayogI hokara karmabandha kA kAraNa hotI hai vaha mUlaguNa nirvartanAdhikaraNa hai| tathA jo pratimA, kASThakarma, pustakarma aura citrakarma Adi bahiraGga sAdhanarUpa se jIva kI zubhAzubha pravRtti meM upayogI hotI huI karmabandha kA kAraNa hotI hai vaha uttaraguNanirvartanAdhikaraNa hai| nikSepAdhikaraNa ke apratyavekSitanikSepAdhikaraNa, duSpramuSTanikSepAdhikaraNa, sahasAnikSepAdhikaraNa aura anAbhoganikSepAdhikaraNa ye cAra bheda haiN| kisI bhI vastu ko binA dekhI huI bhUmi Adi para yA binA dekhe hI kisI vastu kA kahIM para rakha denA apratyavekSitanikSepa hai| dekha kara bhI ThIka taraha se pramArjana kiye binA hI vastu ko rakha denA duSpramArjitanikSepa hai| pratyavekSaNa aura pramArjana kiye binA hI sahasA arthAt utAvalI se vastu ko rakha denA sahasAnikSepa hai| upayoga ke binA hI kisI vastu ko kahIM para rakha denA anAbhoganikSepa hai| ye cAroM prakAra ke nikSepa jIva kI zubhAzubha pravRtti meM hetu hone se karmabandha ke kAraNa hote haiN| ___saMyoga ke bhaktapAnasaMyogAdhikaraNa aura upakaraNasaMyogAdhikaramA aise do bheda haiN| viruddha anna, jala Adi kA saMyoga karanA jo jIva kI zubhAzubha pravRtti meM hetu hotA huA karmabandha kA kAraNa hotA hai bhaktapAnasaMyogAdhikaraNa hai| tathA pAtra, pIchI Adi upakaraNoM kA saMyoga karanA jo jIva kI zubhAzubha pravRtti meM hetu hotA huA karmabandha kA kAraNa hotA hai upakaraNasaMyogAdhikaraNa hai| nisargAdhikaraNa ke zarIra, vacana aura mana ye tIna bheda haiN| zarIra
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________________ 284 tattvArthasUtra [6. 10-27. kA pravartana zarIranisargAdhikaraNa hai| vacana kA pravartana vacananisargAdhikaraNa hai aura mana kA pravartana manonisargAdhikaraNa hai| ye bhI jIva ko zubhAzubha pravRtti meM hetu hone se karmabandha ke kAraNa haiM // 6 // ___ ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke pAsUtroM ke bhedatatpradoSanihnavamAtsaryAntarAyAsAdanopadhAtA jJAnadarzanAvaraNayoH // 10 // duHkhazokatApAkrandanavadhaparidevanAnyAtmaparobhayasthAnyasadvevasya // 11 // bhUtavratyanukampAdAnasarAgasaMyamAdiyogaH kSAntiH zaucamiti sadyasya // 12 // kevalizrutasaMghadharmadevAvarNavAdo darzanamohasya // 13 // kaSAyodayAttIvrapariNAmazcAritramohasya / / 14 // bahvArambhaparigrahatvaM nArakasyAyuSaH // 15 // mAyA tairyagyonasya // 16 // - alpArambhaparigrahatvaM mAnuSasya // 17 // svabhAvamArdavaJca // 18 // nizzIlavatatvaM ca sarveSAm // 19 // sagagasaMyamasaMyamAsaMyamAkAmanirjarAbAlatapAMsi daivasya // 20 // samyaktvaM ca // 21 // yogavakratA visaMvAdanaM cAzubhasya nAmnaH // 22 // tadviparItaM zubhasya // 23 //
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________________ 6. 18-27.] ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke prAstravoM ke bheda 285 darzanavizuddhivinayasampannatA zIlavateSvanatIcAro'bhIkSNajJAnopayogasaMvegau zaktitastyAgatapasI sAdhusamAdhirvaiyAvRtyakaraNamahaMdAcAryabahuzrutapravacanabhaktirAvazyakAparihANirmArgaprabhAvanApravacanavatsalatvamiti tIrthakaratvasya / / 24 // . parAtmanindAprazaMse sadasadguNocchAdanodbhAvane ca nIcairgotrasya // 25 // tadviparpayo nIcaityanutsako cottarasya // 26 // vighnakaraNamantarAyasya // 27 // jJAna aura darzana ke viSaya meM kiye gaye pradoSa, nihnava, mAtsarya, antarAya prAsAdana aura upaghAta ye jJAnAvaraNa karma aura darzanAvaraNa karma ke Asrava haiN| nija AtmA meM, para AtmA meM yA ubhaya AtmAoM meM sthita duHkha, zoka, tApa, Akrandana, vadha aura paridevana ye asAtAvedanIya karma ke Asrava haiN| bhUta-anukampA, vrati-anukampA, dAna aura sarAgasaMyama Adi kA ucita dhyAna rakhanA tathA kSAnti aura zauca ye sAtAvedanIya karma ke Asrava haiN| kevalI, zruta, saMgha, dharma aura devakA avarNavAda darzanamohanIya karma kA Asrava hai| ___ kaSAya ke udaya se hone vAlA AtmA kA tIvra pariNAma cAritra mohanIya karma kA Amava hai| bahuta Arambha aura bahuta parigraha kA bhAva narakAyukA zrAsrava hai| mAyA tiryaJcAyu kA Asrava hai| alpa Arambha aura alpa parigraha kA bhAva manuSyAyukA Asrava hai|
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________________ 286 tattvArthasUtra [6. 10-27. aura svabhAva kI mRdutA bhI manuSyAyu kA Asrava hai| niHzIlatva aura nivratatva tathA pUrvokta alpa Arambha Adi kA bhAva sabhI AyuoM ke Asrava haiN| sarAgasaMyama, saMyamAsaMyama, akAmanirjarA aura bAlatapa ye devAyu ke Asrava haiN| * aura samyaktva bhI devAyu kA Asrava hai| yoga kI vakratA aura visaMvAdana ye azubha nAma karma ke prAstrava haiN| inake viparIta arthAt yoga kI saralatA aura avisaMvAdana ye zubha nAma karma ke Asrava haiN| ____darzanavizuddhi, vinayasampannatA, zIla aura vratoM meM nirdopa vRtti, satata jJAnopayoga, satata saMvega, zakti ke anusAra tyAga, zakti ka anusAra tapa, sAdhusamAdhi, vaiyAvRtyakaraNa, arahaMtabhakti, AcAryabhakti, bahuzrutabhakti pravacanabhakti, Avazyaka kriyAoM ko nahIM chor3anA, mArga prabhAvanA aura pravacanavAtsalya ye saba tIrthakara nAma karma ke Asrava haiN| parinindA, AtmaprazaMsA, sadguNoM kA ucchAdana aura asadguNoM kA udbhAvana ye nIca gotrakarma ke Asrava haiN| unakA viparyaya arthAt paraprazaMsA, AtmanindA Adi tathA namravRtti aura nirabhimAnatA ye uccagotra karma ke Asrava haiN| vighna karanA antarAya karma kA prAsrava hai|| aba taka sAmAnya se samagra karmoM ke prAsrava-bandha ke kAraNa btlaaye| aba pratyeka karma ke AravoM-bandhuhetuoM kA varNana karate haiN| yadyapi saba karmoM kA prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha yoga se hotA hai tathA sthiti bandha aura anubhAgabandha kaSAya se hotA hai phira bhI nimittabheda * samyakttra manuSyAyu kA bhI Asava hai yaha jAna kara bhASyakAra ne isa sUtra ko nahIM rakhA aisA jAna par3atA hai|
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________________ 6. 10-27.] ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke prAstravoM ke bheda 287 se kaSAya kI avAntara jAtiyoM meM antara ho kara ve pramukhatA se alaga alaga karmoM ke bandhahetu hote haiM, yahI bAta agale sUtroM meM batalAI gaI hai / tathApi isa prakaraNa ko vidhivat samajhane ke pahale karmoM kI bandhaH viSayaka kucha bAtoM para prakAza DAla denA Avazyaka hai 1-guNasthAna krama se yaha niyama hai ki prArambha ke nau guNasthAnoM taka Ayu karma ke sivA zeSa sAta karmoM kA bandha nirantara huA karatA hai aura Ayukarma kA bandha mizra guNasthAna ke sivA apramatta guNasthAna taka Ayubandha ke yogya kAla aura pariNAmoM ke hone para hotA hai| isake sivA dasaveM guNasthAna meM mohanIya ke binA zeSa cha: karmoM kA tathA agale tIna guNasthAnoM meM eka sAtAvedanIya kA bandha hotA hai| ataH isa prakaraNa meM jo pratyeka karma ke bandha kAraNa batalAye jA rahe haiM so usakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM ki vivakSita karma ke bandha kAraNoM ke rahane para kevala usI karma kA bandha hogA anya karma kA nahIM, kintu isakA yaha abhiprAya hai ki usa samaya usa karma kA tatkAla ba~dhanevAle dUsare karmoM kI apekSA adhika anubhAgabandha hogaa| isI vivakSA se ye Age pratyeka kama kI apekSA Asrava ke vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| 2-dUsarI bAta yaha jJAtavya hai ki yadyapi bandha ke kAraNoM meM samyaktva, saMyamAsaMyama aura saMyamarUpa Atma-pariNAmoM ko bhI ginAyA gayA hai para tattvataH ye bandha ke kAraNa na hokara mukti ke hI kAraNa haiN| phira bhI yahA~ inako bandha ke kAraNoM meM ginAne kA yaha abhiprAya hai ki inake sadbhAva meM yoga aura kaSAya se amuka karma kA hI bandha hotA hai anya kA nahIM / udAharaNArtha manuSya aura tiryaJcagati meM samyagdarzana ke rahane para 'devAyu kA hI bandha hotA hai, anya tIna AyuoM kA nhiiN| isI se samyaktva ko devAyu ke bandha ke kAraNoM meM ginAyA hai| 19
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [ 6. 10-27. jJAnAvaraNa aura tattvajJAna ke nirUpaNa ke samaya vyAkhyAna nahIM karanevAle puruSa kA bhItara hI bhItara jalate rahanA pradoSa hai / tattvajJAna ke pUchane para yA usake sAdhana mA~gane para, apane pAsa darzanAvaraNa karmoM ke ve hone para bhI chipAne ke abhiprAya se yaha kahanA * AsUtroM kA svarUpa ki maiM nahIM jAnatA thA mere pAsa vaha vastu nahIM hai, niva hai / tattvajJAna abhyasta aura paripakka ho tathA vaha dene yogya bhI ho phira bhI jisa kAraNa se vaha nahIM diyA jAtA hai vaha mAtsarya hai / jJAna yA jJAna ke sAdhanoM kI prApti meM bAdhA DAlanA antarAya hai / dUsare ke dvArA tattvajJAna para prakAza DAlate samaya zarIra se yA vANI se usakA niSedha karanA AsAna hai / kisI kA kisI khAsa vipaya kA jJAna nirdoSa hai to bhI usameM dUSaNa lagAnA upaghAta hai / zaGkA - AsAdana aura upaghAta meM kyA antara hai ? samAdhAna - prazasta jJAna ke rahate hue bhI usakI vinaya na karanA, dUsare ke sAmane usakI prazaMsA na karanA Adi AsAdana hai auna jJAna ko ajJAna mAnakara usake nAza karane kA abhiprAya rakhanA upaghAta hai, yahI ina donoM meM antara hai / ye pradoSAdika yadi jJAna, jJAnI aura usake sAdhanoM ke viSaya meM kiye gaye hoM to jJAnAvaraNa karma ke Asrava - bandhahetu hote haiM aura -darzana tathA darzana ke sAdhanoM ke viSaya meM kiye gaye hoM to darzanAvaraNa karma ke Asava - bandhahetu hote haiM // 10 // pIr3ArUpa pariNAma duHkha hai / kisI upakArI yA priya vastu kA sambandha TUTane para jo ghabarAhaTa paidA hotI hai vaha zoka hai| apavAda Adi ke nimitta se mana meM kaluSatA bar3hakara jo tIvra asAtAvedanIya karma santApa hotA hai vaha tApa hai / santApa Adi ke ke sUtroM kA svarUpa kAraNa gadgad svara se A~sU girAne ke sAtha vilApa karate hue cillAkara ronA Akrandana hai / mAra DAlanA vadha hai / viyukta
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________________ 6. 10-27.] ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke AsravoM ke bheda 286 hue vyakti ke guNoM kA smaraNa kara aisA ronA jisase sunanevAle ko dayA paidA ho paridevana hai| yadyapi kevala duHkha ke kahane se ina saba kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai tathApi duHkha ke avAntara bhedoM ko dikhalAne ke liye pRthak rUpa se inakA nirdeza kiyA hai| zaGkA-yadi duHkhAdika apane meM, dUsare meM thA donoM meM utpanna karane se utpanna karanevAle ke liye asAtAvedanIya karma ke Asrava hote haiM to phira ahanmatAnuyAyI kezaloca, upavAsa, AtApana yoga aura Asana Adi meM kyoM vizvAsa karate haiM, kyoMki ye bhI duHkha ke nimitta hone se asAtAvedanIya karma ke prAstrava Thaharate haiM ? samAdhAna-jo duHkhAdika krodha Adi ke Aveza se hote haiM ve amAtAvedanIya karma ke Asrava hote haiM, anya nhiiN| muni jo kezaloca aura upavAsa Adi vidhividhAna karatA hai vaha duHkha ke liye nahIM, kintu indriya, mana aura bAhya paristhiti para vijaya pAne ke liye hI karatA hai; isaliye usake unake karane se parama prasannatA utpanna hotI hai, duHkha nhiiN| sarvatra yaha mAna lenA ThIka nahIM ki jina kAraNoM se eka ko santApa hotA hai unhIM kAraNoM se dUsare ko bhI santApa honA hI caahiye| yaha sAdhanA kA viSaya hai jisane indriya, mana aura kapAyoM para vijaya pA lI hai vaha bAhya jagat kI apekSA duHkha ke kAraNa rahane para bhI dukhI nahIM hotA aura jisane una para vijaya nahIM pAI hai vaha duHkha ke atyalpa kAraNa milane para bhI atyanta dukhI hone lagatA hai, isaliye kezaloca Adi vratoM ke pAlana karane meM yati kI mAnasika ruci hone ke kAraNa ve usake liye duHkha ke kAraNa nahIM hote| jaise koI vaidya cIraphAr3a meM nimitta hone para bhI pApabhAgI nahIM hotA, kyoMki usakA uddezya dUsare ko rogamukta karanA hai, vaise hI saMyamI yA vratI zrAvaka saMsAra se chuTakArA pAne ke liye chuTakArA pAne ke sAdhanoM
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________________ 260 tattvArthasUtra [6. 10-27. meM juTa jAtA hai to bhI vaha unake nimitta se pApakarma kA bandhaka nahIM hotA / bandha aura nirjarA pariNAmoM para avalambita hai| bAhya kriyA para nahIM, isaliye saMklezarUpa pariNAmoM se kI gaI jo kriyA bandha kI prayojaka hotI hai vizuddha pariNAmoM se kI gaI vahI kriyA nirjarA kA kAraNa bhI ho sakatI hai| ataeva kezaloca Adi vratoM ko asAtAvedanIya ke bandha kA hetu mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| ___ isa prakAra ye duHkhAdika yA isI prakAra ke anya nimitta jaba apane meM dUsare meM yA donoM meM utpanna kiye jAte haiM to ve utpanna karatevAle ke asAtAvedanIya karma ke bandha ke hetu hote haiM // 11 // dayA se mana bhIgA huA hone ke kAraNa dUsare ke duHkha ko apanA ra hI duHkha mAnane kA bhAva anukampA hai| prANImAtra " para anukampA rakhanA bhUtAnukampA hai / ekadeza vrata dhArI gRhastha aura sakala vratadhArI saMyata ina donoM para vizeSarUpa se anukampA rakhanA bratyanukampA hai| anugraha buddhi se jisameM apanI mamatA ataeva svAmitva hai aisI vastu dUsare ko arpaNa karanA dAna hai / jo saMsAra se virata hai kintu rAgAMza zeSa hai aise sAdhu kA saMyama sarAgasaMyama hai| sUtra meM Aye hue Adi pada kA artha hai saMyamAsaMyama, akAmanirjarA aura baaltp| yoga zabda kA artha yukta honA hai| ye jo bhUtAnukampA Adi batalAye haiM inameM yukta hone se sAtAvedanIya karma kA Asrava hotA hai yaha isakA tAtparya hai| itanA hI nahIM kintu kSAnti aura zauca bhI sAtAvedanIya karma ke strava haiN| krodhAdi doSoM kA nivAraNa karanA kSAnti hai aura lobha tathA lobha ke samAna anya doSoM kA zamana karanA zauca hai| isa prakAra ye saba kAraNa tathA arahantoM kI pUjA karane meM tatpara rahanA, bAla aura vRddha tapasviyoM kI vaiyAvRtya karanA Adi kAraNa bhI sAMtAvedanIya karma ke Astrava-bandhahetu haiM // 12 // rUpa
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________________ 6. 10-27.] ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke AsravoM ke bheda 261 jinheM kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kI prApti ho gaI hai ve kevalI kI kahalAte haiM / inake dvArA upadeze gaye aura atizaya zAsaboM kA svarUpa RddhivAle gaNadharoM dvArA smaraNa karake race gaye grantha zruta kahalAtA hai| rakhatraya se yukta zramaNoM kA mamudAya saGgha kahalAtA hai| ahiMsA, mArdava Adi ko dharma kahate haiN| deva cAra prakAra ke haiN| ina sabakA avarNavAda darzanamohanIya karma kA Asrava hai| jisameM jo doSa nahIM haiM unakA usameM udbhAvana karanA avarNavAda hai / jaise-kevalI ke parama audArika zarIra kI prApti ho jAtI hai| kevalajJAna ke prApta hone ke pUrva hI kSINamoha guNasthAna meM unake zarIra se malAdi dopa aura sa-sthAvara (nigoda)jIva naSTa ho jAte haiN| sayogakevalI avasthA meM phira inakI utpatti honA sambhava nahIM hai| dhAtuoM kI hInAdhikatA ke kAraNa jo zarIra kA upacaya aura apacaya hotA hai vaha kevalI ke nahIM hotA, isaliye unheM pahale ke samAna kavalAhAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'tii| ve nokarma kA AhAra karake hI zarIra ko sthita rakhane meM samartha haiM, tathApi kevalI ko kavalAhArajIvI batalAnA aura isakI puSTi ke liye dUsare saMsArI janoM kA udAharaNa upasthita karanA kevalI kA avarNavAda hai| zrata meM yati dharma aura gRhasthadharma ye do dharma batalAye haiN| yati jIvana meM pUrI aura gRhastha ekadeza ahiMsA ko pAlate haiN| gRhastha ekadeza ahiMsA kA pAlana karatA huA bhI trasahiMsA se apane ko bacAtA hai isaliye yadyapi zruta meM yati aura zrAvaka dvArA mAMsabhakSaNa kA ullekha nahIM hai tathApi jisa grantha meM yati yA zrAvaka kI aisI kalpita ghaTanA likhI gaI ho jisase mAMsabhakSaNa Adi kI puSTi hotI ho, usa grantha ko zruta mAnanA zrutAvarNavAda hai| yA zruta meM mAMsabhakSaNa batalAyA hai yaha kahanA zrutAvaraNavAda hai| sAdhu jo kucha bhI anuSThAna karate haiM Atmazuddhi ke liye karate haiM, brata niyamoM kA pAlana bhI ve isI hetu karate haiN| tathApi yaha apavAda
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________________ 262 tattvArthasUtra [6. 10-27. karanA ki sAdhuloga azuci rahate haiM, snAna nahIM krte| snAna na karane se sAdhutva kA kyA sambandha hai ? isase thor3e hI sAdhutva prApta hotA hai ityAdi saGgha kA avarNavAda hai| mukhya dharma hai vikAroM para vijaya pAnA jisakI prApti ahiMsA dvArA hI ho sakatI hai| ahiMsA se hI prANI yaha sIkhatA hai ki jisase dUsare prANiyoM kA jIvana saGkaTa meM par3akara vargakalaha ko protsAhana mile vaha bhI hiMsA hai| AtmA ko batRSNya banAne kA ahiMsA sarvotkRSTa sAdhana hai| prANI apanI vAsanAoM para ahiMsA ke binA vijaya nahIM pA sakatA, isaliye vyavahAra se aura paramArtha se ahiMsA hI sarvotkRSTa dharma hai tathApi apanI AsurI pravRtti ke AdhIna hokara ahiMsA dharma kI khillI ur3AnA aura yaha kahanA ki ahiMsA ke svIkAra karane se mAnava jAti aura rASTra kA patana huA hai Adi dharma kA avarNavAda hai / yadyapi deva amRtAhArI haiM tathApi unheM mAMsa aura surA kA sevana karanevAlA batalAnA aura unake nimitta se taiyAra kiye gaye mAMsa aura surA ko devatA kA prasAda mAnakara svayaM bhakSaNa karanA Adi devAvarNavAda hai| ye vA isI prakAra ke aura bhI jitane doSa sambhava hoM ve saba darzanamohanIya karma ke prAstrava-bandha hetu haiN|| 13 // * svayaM kaSAya karanA aura dUsaroM meM kaSAya utpanna karanA, tapasvI janoM ke vratoM meM dUSaNa lagAnA tathA saMklezakara liMgoM aura vratoM kA dhAraNa karanA Adi cAritramohanIya karma ke Asrava haiN| caritramohanIya ke - satya dharma kA upahAsa karanA, garIba manuSya kI prAstroM kA svarUpa mazkarI karanA, bahuta vakavAsa aura ThaTTha vAjI kI pravRtti cAlU rakhanA Adi hAsya nokaSAya vedanIya karma ke Asrava haiN| nAnA prakAra kI krIr3AoM meM saMlagna rahanA, vratoM aura zIloM ke pAlane meM aruci rakhanA rati nokaSAya vedanIya karma ke Asrava haiN| dUsaroM meM arati-vecainI utpanna karanA, rati ArAma kA nAza karanA aura pApI
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________________ 6. 10-27.] ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke pAtravoM ke bheda 293 manuSyoM kI saMgati karanA Adi arati nokaSAya vedanIya karma ke Asrava haiN| svayaM zokAtura rahanA tathA aisI ceSTAe~ karanA jisase dUsare zokAtura hoM Adi zoka nokaSAya vedanIya karma ke Asrava haiN| svayaM bhaya khAnA, dUsaroM ko bhaya utpanna karanA, Adi bhaya nokaSAya vedanIya karma ke Asrava haiN| kuzala kriyA aura kuzala AcaraNa se glAni karanA Adi jugupsA nokaSAya vedanIya karma ke Asrava haiN| asatya bolane kI Adata, paradoSa darzana aura rAga kI tIvratA Adi strI nokaSAya vedanIya, karma ke Asrava haiN| gussA kA kama AnA, anutsukatA aura svadAra santoSa Adi puMnokapAya vedanIya karma ke Asrava haiM tathA kapAya kI bahulatA, guhya indriyoM kA viccheda karanA aura para strI AliMgana Adi napuMsaka nokaSAya vedanIya karma ke Asrava haiM // 14 // prANiyoM ko duHkha pahu~cAnevAlA vyApAra prArambha hai tathA yaha vastu hI merI hai arthAt maiM isakA mAlika hU~ isa prakAra kA saMkalpa parigraha hai| jaba bahuta prArambha aura bahuta bArAvoM kA __parigraha kA bhAva ho, hiMsA Adi krara kAryoM meM nirasvarUpa ' tara pravRtti ho, dUsaroM kA dhana apaharaNa karane kI bhAvanA rahe, viSayoM meM atyanta Asakti banI rahe, maraNa ke samaya raudra dhyAna ho jAya, mAna kI tIvratA ho, patthara kI rekhA ke samAna roSa ho, cAritra mithyAtvapracura ho, lobha se satata jakar3A rahe taba ve narakAsu ke Asrava hote haiN| ____ isI prakAra aura jitane bhI azubha bhAva haiM ve saba narakAyu ke Anava jAnanA cAhiye / / 15 / / nimitta milane para mAyA kaSAya ke udaya se jo chala prapaJca karana. kA bhAva yA kuTila bhAva paidA hotA hai vaha mAyA hai| jaba dharma tattva ke upadeza meM svArthavaza mithyA bAtoM ko milAkara pracAra kiyA jAya, jIvana meM zIla kA pAlana na kiyA jAya, dUsaroM ke chidra dekhane kI pravRtti banI rahe, marane ke samaya azubha narava
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________________ 264 tattvArthasUtra [6. 10-27. leNyA va ArtadhyAna rahe, kuTila taraha se kArya karane meM ruci ho taba ve tiryaJcAyu ke Asrava hote haiN| isI prakAra aura jitane bhAva haiM ve saba tiryazcAyu ke Asrava jAnanA cAhiye / / 16 // alpa Arambha aura alpa parigraha kA bhAva honA, jIvana meM vinaya manuSyAyu ke pAsava aura bhadratA kA honA, saralatA pUrvaka vyavahAra karanA, - kaSAya kA kama honA, marate samaya saMkleza rUpa pariNAmoM kA na honA Adi manuSyAyu ko bAsrava haiN| tathA binA upadeza ke svabhAva se mRdutA kA honA manuSyAyu aura devAyu donoM ke Asrava haiN|| 17-18 // ___ pahale narakAyu, tiyaJcAyu aura manuSyAyu ke jude-jude Asrava batalA Aye haiM tathA devAyu ke Asrava batalAnevAle haiN| inake sivA cAroM nA AyuoM ke sAmAnya Asrava bhI haiM yahI batalAnA . prastuta sUtra kA prayojana hai| krodha aura lobha Adi " kA tyAga karanA zIla hai tathA tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSA vrata ye bhI zIla kahalAte haiN| ahiMsA, satya aura acaurya Adi vrata haiN| ukta zIloM se rahita honA niHzIlatva hai aura vratoM se rahita honA nivratatva hai| ye niHzIlatva aura nivratatva cAroM AyuoM ke prAsrava haiN| yahA~ niHzIlatva aura nirbatatva devAyu kA Asrava mukhyatayA bhogabhUmijoM kI apekSA se batalAyA hai, kyoMki bhogabhUmi ke prANI zIloM aura vratoM se rahita hone para bhI niyama se devAyu kA hI bandha karate haiM // 19 // ___ pA~ca mahAvratoM ke svIkAra kara lene para bhI rAgAMza kA banA rahanA sarAga-saMyama hai| isakA sadbhAva dasaveM guNasthAna taka hai| vratAvrata rUpa devAyu karma ke pAsUba ma pariNAma saMyamAsaMyama hai| isake kAraNa gRhastha ke "trasahiMsA se virati rUpa aura sthAvara hiMsA se aviratirUpa pariNAma hote haiN| paravazatA ke kAraNa bhUkha pyAsa kI bAdhA
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________________ 6. 10-27.] ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke AsravoM ke bheda 295 sahanA, brahmacarya pAlanA, jamIna para sonA, mala-mUtra kA rokanA Adi akAma kahalAtA hai aura isa kAraNa jo karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai vaha akAma nijarA hai| bAla arthAt Atma-jJAna se rahita mithyAdRSTi puruSoM kA pazcAgni tapa, agni praveza, nakha keza kA bar3hAnA, UdhvaMbAhu hokara khar3e rahanA aura anazana Adi bAlatapa kahalAtA hai| ye saba devAyu ke Asrava haiM // 20 // pichale sUtra meM sAmAnya se cAroM nikAyavAle devoM kI Ayu ke prAsrava batalAye haiN| tathApi jo kevala vaimAnika devoM kI Ayu ke vaimAnika devoM kI Asrava hai ve usase jJAta nahIM hote, jinakA jJAna ' honA Avazyaka hai, ataH isI bAta kA jJAna karAne * ke liye prakRta sUtra kI alaga se racanA huI hai| Azaya yaha hai ki samyagdarzana ke hone para eka vaimAnika devoM kI Ayu kA hI Asrava hotA hai| sarAgasaMyama aura saMyamAsaMyama ye samyarzana ke hone para hI ho sakate haiM isaliye ye bhI vaimAnika devoM kI Ayu ke Asrava hai aisA samajhanA caahiye| ____ zaMkA-samyagdarzana AtmA kA nirmala pariNAma hai isaliye use karmabandha kA kAraNa mAnanA yukta pratIta nahIM hotA ?' samAdhAna-samyagdarzana svayaM karmabandhA kA kAraNa nahIM hai, kintu usake sadbhAva meM yadi Ayu kama kA bandha hotA hai to vaha vaimAnika devoM kI Ayu kA hI hotA hai, yaha isa sUtra kA bhAva hai| __ zaMkA-deva aura nArakI samyagdarzana ke sadbhAva meM manuSyAyu kA hI bandha karate haiM isaliye samyagdarzana ke sadbhAva meM kevala devAyu kA Asrava batalAnA yukta nahIM pratIta hotA ? samAdhAna---isa sUtra meM jo prANI marakara cAroM gatiyoM meM janma le sakate haiM unakI apekSA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai, aise prANI manuSya aura tiyaca hI ho sakate haiN| inake samyaktva ke sadbhAva meM yadi Ayu
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________________ azubha 266 tattvArthasUtra [6. 10-27. karma kA bandha ho to vaimAnika devoM kI Ayu kA hI ho sakatA hai anya Ayu kA nahIM // 21 // socanA kucha, bolanA kucha aura karanA kucha isa prakAra mana, vacana aura kAya kI kuTilatA yogavakratA hai| anyathA - pravRtti karAnA visaMvAdana hai| ye tathA mithyAdarzana, pizunatA, citta kI asthiratA, ghaTa bar3a denA lenA, paranindA aura Atma prazaMsA Adi azubha nAmakarma ke Asrava haiN| zaMkA--yogavakratA aura visaMvAdana meM kyA antara hai ? . samAdhAna--svayaM socanA kucha, bolanA kucha aura karanA kucha yaha yogavakratA hai aura dUsare se aisA karAnA visaMvAdana hai, yahI ina donoM meM antara hai / / 22 // __Upara jo azubha nAmakarma ke Asrava batalAye haiM unase ulaTe saba hai zubha nAmakarma ke Astrava haiN| udAharaNArtha-apane - mana, bacana aura kAya ko sarala rakhanA, jo socA ho vahI kahanA aura vaisA hI krnaa| dUsare ko anyathA pravRtti karAne meM nahIM lagAnA, cugalakhorI kA tyAga karanA, samyagdarzana, citta ko sthira rakhanA Adi zubha nAmakarma ke Asrava haiM / ___ samyagdarzana ke sAtha jo loka kalyANa ko bhAvanA hotI hai vaha darzanavizuddhi hai / sanyajJAnAdi mokSamArga aura usake sAdhana guru Adi ke prati ucita Adara rakhanA vinayasaMpannatA hai| " ahiMsA, satya Adi vrata haiM aura inake pAlane meM sahAyaka krodha tyAga Adi zIla haiM, inakA nirdoSa rIti se pAlana karanA zIlavatAnaticAra hai / jIvAdi svatattva viSayaka samyarajJAna meM nirantara samAhita rahanA abhIkSNa jJAnopayoga hai| sAMsArika bhoga sampadAe~ duHkha kI kAraNa haiM unase nirantara Darate rahanA abhIkSNasaMvega hai| apanI zakti ko binA chipAe hue mokSamArga meM upayogI
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________________ 6. 10-27.] ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke AnavoM ke bheda 267 par3anevAle abhayadAna aura jJAnadAna kA denA yathAzakti tyAga hai| apanI zakti ko binA chipAye hue aisA kAyakleza Adi tapa karanA jisase mokSamArga kI vRddhi ho yathAzakti tapa hai| tapazcaryA meM anurakta sAdhuoM ke Upara Apatti Ane para usakA nivAraNa karanA aura aisA prayatna karanA jisase ve svastha raheM sAdhusamAdhi hai| guNI puruSa ke kaThinAI meM A par3ane para jisa vidhi se vaha dUra ho jAya vaha prayatna karanA vaiyAvRtyakaraNa hai| arahaMta, AcArya, bahuzruta aura pravacana meM pariNAmoM kI nirmalatA pUrvaka anurAga rakhanA arahaMtabhakti, AcAryabhakti, bahuzrutabhakti aura pravacanabhakti hai| chaha Avazyaka kriyAoM ko yathAsamaya karate rahanA AvazyakAparihANi hai| mokSamArga ko svayaM jIvana meM utAranA aura samayAnusAra upayogI kAryoM dvArA sargasAdhAraNa janatA kA usake prati Adara utpanna karanA mArgaprabhAvanA hai| jaise gAya bachar3e para sneha karatI hai vaise hI sAdharmI janoM para niSkAma sneha rakhanA pravacanavatsalatva hai / ye darzanavizuddhi Adi tIrthakara nAmakarma ke Asrava haiN| zaMkA-tIrthakara nAmakarma kA bandha karanevAle prANI ke kyA ye samagra kAraNa hote haiM yA inameM se kucha kAraNoM ke hone para bhI tIrthakara nAmakarma kA bandha hotA hai ? samAdhAna-tIrthakara nAmakarma kA bandha karanevAle ke ye saba kAraNa honA hI cAhiye aisA koI niyama nahIM hai| kisI ke eka darzanavizuddhi ke hone para bhI tIrthakara nAmakarma kA bandha hotA hai aura kisI ke do se lekara solaha kAraNoM ke vikalpa se hone para bhI tIrthakara nAmakarma kA bandha hotA hai| para ina saba meM darzanavizuddhi kA honA anivArya hai // 24 // sacce yA jhUThe doSoM ke prakaTa karane kI bRtti nindA kahalAtI hai|
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________________ 298 tattvArthasUtra [6. 10-27. dUsaroM kI nindA karanA paranindA hai| sacce yA mUThe guNoM ke prakaTa karane ra kI vRtti prazaMsA kahalAtI hai| apanI bar3hAI karanA ___ Asava * AtmaprazaMsA hai| dUsare meM sadguNoM ke rahane para bhI ' unakA apalApa karanA, yaha kahanA ki isameM koI bhI acchA guNa nahIM hai, sadguNocchAdana hai| dUsare meM koI duguNa nahIM hai tathApi usameM duguNoM kI kalpanA karanA, yaha kahanA ki yaha duguNoM kA piTArA hai, asadguNodbhAvana hai| isakA yaha bhI artha hai ki apane meM koI bhI acche guNa nahIM hai tathApi yaha kahanA ki mujhameM aneka AzcaryakArI guNa haiM asadguNodbhAvana hai| ye tathA apanI jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, vidyA, aizvarNa, AjJA aura zruta kA garna karanA, dUsaroM kI avajJA va apavAda karanA dUsaroM ke yaza kA apaharaNa karanA, dUsaroM ko kRti para apanA nAma DAlanA, dUsaroM kI khoja ko apanI batAnA, dUsaroM ke zrama para jInA Adi nIcagotra karma ke Asrava haiM // 25 // pahale nIca gotrakarma ke jo Asrava batalAye haiM unase ulaTe saba ra uccagotra karma ke AMtrava haiN| udAharaNArtha apanI - nindA karanA arthAt apane doSoM kI chAnabIna karate - rahanA, para kI prazaMsA karanA, dUsaroM ke acche guNoM ko prakaTa karanA, apane duguNoM ko svayaM kaha denA, dUsaroM ke durguNa jhakanA, pUjya vyaktiyoM ke prati namravRtti dhAraNa karanA, kisI bAta meM bar3e hone para bhI ahaMkAra nahIM karanA Adi // 26 // kisI ko dAnavRtti kA vinAza karanA yA kisI ko kisI sadguNa Adi kA lAbha ho rahA hai jisase usakI AtmA kA vikAza honA sambhava hai to vaisA nimitta na milane denA, yA kisI " kI bhoga, upabhogavRtti meM bAdhA DAlanA, zakti ke aAsva 1 . apaharaNa kA prayatna karanA Adi vighnakaraNa hai| aisA karane se antarAya karma kA Asrava hotA hai| uncha Asava antarAya
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________________ 6. 10-27.] ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke AmJavoM ke bheda 266 __ye pRthak pRthak karma ke Asrava arthAt karmabandha ke hetu haiN| inameM se jaba jo hetu hotA hai taba pramukhatA se una karma kA bandha hotA hai yaha ukta kathana kA tAtparya hai // 27 //
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________________ sAtavA~ adhyAya Asrava tattva kA vyAkhyAna karate samaya prArambha meM hI yaha kahA hai ki zubha yoga se puNya karma kA Asrava hotA hai| aba dekhanA yaha hai ki ve kauna se zubha kArya haiM jinase puNya karma kA Asrava hotA hai ? isa adhyAya meM isI prazna kA uttara dene ke liye vrata aura dAna kA vizeSarUpa se varNana kiyA gayA hai| brata kA svarUpa--- hiMsAnRtasteyAbrahmaparigrahebhyo virativratam // 1 // hiMsA, asatya, corI, maithuna aura parigraha se nivRtta honA vrata hai| hiMsA, asatya Adi kA svarUpa isI adhyAya meM Age batalAyA gayA hai| use samajha kara hiMsA aura asatya Adi rUpa pravRtti jo ki apane jIvana meM ghula mila gaI hai use bAhara nikAla phekanA aura jIvana bhara ke liye vaisA na karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara lenA vrata hai| __ ye vrata pA~ca haiM-ahisA, satya, Acaurya, brahmacarya aura parigrahatyAga / ina saba meM ahiMsA vrata prathama hai kyoMki kheta meM uge hue dhAnya kI rakSA ke liye jaise vADa hotI hai vaise hI ahiMsA vrata ke yogyatApUrvaka pAlane ke liye ye satyAdika vrata mAne gaye haiN| yadyapi eka ahiMsA vrata ko acchI taraha se pAlane para satyAdika sabhI vrata pala jAte haiM, isaliye mUla meM eka ahiMsA vrata hI hai tathApi satya 'Adi vratoM ke svIkAra karane se ahiMsAvrata kI hI puSTi hotI hai isaliye vratoM kA vibhAga karake ve pA~ca batalAye gaye haiN| sUtrakArane yahA~ vratakA lakSaNa nivRttiparaka kiyA hai tathApi unhoMne
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________________ 301 7. 1. ] vrata kA svarUpa yaha nivRtti asatpravRttiyoM kI batalAI hai| hiMsA, asatya, corI, maithuna aura parigraha ye asat pravRttiyA~ haiM jo prANImAtra ke jIvana meM jJAta aura ajJAtabhAva se ghara kiye hue haiM, isaliye inake tyAga kA upadeza dene se vrata meM satpravRttiyoM kA svIkAra apane Apa phalita ho jAtA hai / ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura parigrahatyAga ye satpravRttiyA~ haiM jo inake viparIta hiMsAdika ke tyAga karane se prApta hotI haiN| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to nivRtti aura pravRtti ye eka hI vrata ke do paryAyanAma haiM jo dRSTibheda se prApta hue haiN| jaba koI prANI apane jIvana meM hiMsA nahIM karane kA nirNaya karatA hai to usakA phalita artha hotA hai ki usane apane jIvana meM ahiMsA ke pAlane kA nizcaya kiyA hai / isI prakAra jaba koI prANI apane jIvana meM ahiMsA ke pAlane kA nizcaya karatA hai to usakA, phalita artha hotA hai ki usane apane jIvana meM hiMsA ke tyAga dene kA nizcaya kiyA hai, isaliye yadyapi sUtrakAra ne asatpravRttiyoM kA tyAga vrata batalAyA hai tathApi usase satpravRttiyoM kA grahaNa svayameva ho jAtA hai| zaMkA-rAtri bhojana viramaNa nAma kA chaThA vrata hai usakA sUtrakAra ne nirdeza kyoM nahIM kiyA ? samAdhAna-Age calakara ahiMsAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAyeM batalAI gaI haiM unameM eka AlokitapAnabhojana nAmaka bhAvanA bhI hai| usakA artha hai dekha kara khAnA piinaa| rAtri meM prakAza kI kamI rahane ke kAraNa aura trasa jIvoM kA saMcAra adhika hone ke kAraNa dekha kara khAnA pInA nahIM bana sakatA, ataH jIvana meM AlokitapAnabhojana isa bhAvanA ke svIkAra kara lene se hI rAtribhojana kA tyAga ho jAtA hai, isI se sUtrakAra ne rAtribhojanaviramaNa nAmaka vrata kA pRthaka se nirdeza nahIM kiyA ? zaMkA-vartamAna kAla meM bijalI aura gaisa Adi ke itane teja
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________________ 302 tattvArthasUtra [7. 1. prakAza upalabdha ho gaye haiM jisase dina ke samAna dekhA jA sakatA hai, tathA bhojana ke sthAna meM trasa jIvoM kA adhika saMcAra na ho yaha vyavasthA bhI kI jA sakatI hai; aisI avasthA meM yadi rAtri meM bhojana kiyA jAya to kyA hAni hai ? samAdhAna-yaha vyavasthA yadi kisI vyakti ko upalabdha bhI ho gaI to bhI rAtri meM bhojana karane kA samarthana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isake do kAraNa haiM, prathama to yaha ki koI vyavasthA eka vyakti kI dRSTi se nahIM kI jAtI hai| yadi eka vyakti ko suvidhAyeM prApta haiM aura unakA upayoga karane kI use anujJA bhI mAna lI jAya to anya vyakti una suvidhAoM ke abhAva meM bhI usase anucita lAbha uThAne kI soca sakate haiM aura isa prakAra vrata meM zithilatA Akara jIvana meM usakA sthAna hI nahIM rhtaa| dUsare koI sAdhAraNa niyama kisI khAsa deza yA khAsa kAla ko dhyAna meM rakha kara nahIM banAye jAte haiN| kyA jisa vyakti ko ukta suvidhAyeM prApta haiM aura isaliye jisane rAtri meM bhojana karane kI Adata DAla lI hai kAlAntara meM yA ghara chor3akara anyatra jAne para bhI usakI ve suvidhAyeM vaisI hI banI raheMgI; aisA kahA jA sakatA hai, yadi nahIM to phira jahA~ use ve suvidhAyeM na raheMgI vahA~ apanI Adata ke viruddha vaha dina meM bhojana kaise karane lgegaa| arthAt nahIM kara sakegA, isaliye rAjamArga yahI hai ki ahiMsA vrata kI rakSA ke liye rAtri meM bhojana na kiyA jAya / ___ yadi thor3I dera ko yaha bhI mAna liyA jAya ki bijalI Adi kA prakAza sarvadA sabako upalabdha ho sakegA to bhI rAtri bhojana kA samarthana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki sUrya kI kiraNoM meM jo guNa haiM ve bijalI Adi ke prakAza meM nahIM pAye jaate| saca to yaha hai ki rAtri kA upayoga vizrAma ke liye karanA cAhiye, anya koI bhI kAma rAtri meM karanA ucita nahIM hai|
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________________ 7. 1.] vrata kA svarUpa zaGkA-Ajakala rAtri meM dUdha aura pAnI lene kI to pUrI chUTa hai hI, sAtha hI anna ke sivA mevA-miSTAnna ke lene meM bhI Apatti nahIM kI jaatii| isameM tila, siMghAr3A aura rAjagira jaise padArtha bhI A jAte haiM / rAtri meM gehU~ Adi dhAnya ke bane hue padArthoM ke na lene para bhI anya prakAra se rAtri kA bhojana to ho hI jAtA hai, phira rAtri-bhojana tyAga vrata kI lIka pITane meM kyA rAma hai ? jaba rAtri meM bhojana karane ke liye itanI suvidhAyeM mila gaI taba anna se bane padArthoM ke bhojana kI suvidhA de dene meM Apatti hI kyA hai ? samAdhAna-rAtri meM kisI bhI prakAra kA bhojana nahIM karanA cAhiye, yaha mUla vrata hai| isa dRSTi se vicAra karane para mevA-miSTAnna kI bAta to jAne dIjiye, rAtri meM pAnI bhI nahIM liyA jA sakatA; tathApi kucha par3he-likhe aura paisevAle logoM ne itanI suvidhAyeM prApta kara lI to isakA yaha artha nahIM ki anna kI bhI chUTa de dI jaay| rAtribhojanaviramaNa vrata kA jo bhI hissA zeSa hai usakI rakSA honI hI cAhiye, usIse logoM kA dhyAna punaH badala sakatA hai aura ve pUrI taraha se isa vrata ke pAlane ke liye kaTibaddha ho sakate haiN| zaGkA-Akhira isa vrata kA itanA Agraha kyoM ? samAdhAna-jina jina bAtoM se ahiMsA kI rakSA ho una tamAma bAtoM para bar3ha rahanA yaha pratyeka manuSya kA kartavya hai| saca pUchA jAya to jainI ahiMsA ke pratIka haiN| aura tamAma dharmoM ne yA unake anuyAyiyoM ne hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke bheda ko bhulA diyA hai| bauddhadharma jo zramaNa dharma kA aGga mAnA jAtA hai usake anuyAyI bhI aba mAMsa Adi kA bhakSaNa karanA anucita nahIM maante| eka jainI hI aise haiM jinhoMne vikRta yA avikRta hara hAlata meM ahiMsA kI rakSA kI hai| yataH rAtri meM bhojana karane se hiMsA ko protsAhana milatA hai, ataH rAtri meM bhojana karane kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai| 20
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [7. 1. zaGkA-rAtri meM bhojana na karane ke aura kyA lAbha haiM ? samAdhAna-rAtri meM bhojana na karane se Arogya kI vRddhi hotI haiM, jaThara ko vizrAma milatA hai jisase usakI kAryakSamatA bar3ha jAtI hai, bhale prakAra nidrA AtI hai aura brahmacarya ke pAlana karane meM sahAyatA milatI hai jo prANImAtra kA tejomaya jIvana hai| ina saba lAbhoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara rAtri meM bhojana kA na karanA hI ucita hai| zaGkA - ukta kAraNoM se yaha to samajha meM AyA ki rAtri meM bhojana na karanA cAhiye, tathApi rAtri meM bhojana nahIM karanA yaha ucita hote hue bhI ise rASTra ne yA bahusaMkhyaka logoM ne to mAnA nahIM hai| ise to bahuta hI thor3e loga pAlate haiM, isaliye aise prasaGgoM para, jahA~ bahusaMkhyaka anya loga rahate haiM aura rAtri ko bhojana na karane kI pratijJAvAle bahuta hI alpamAtrA meM hote haiM, isa vrata ke pAlane meM bahuta kaThinAI jAtI hai / udAharaNArtha-kArakhAnoM meM, jahA~ samaya se kAma hotA hai aura chuTTI bhI samaya se hI milatI hai, majadUra yA klaka isa vrata ko kaise pAla sakate haiM ? yadi yaha socA jAtA hai ki rAtribhojanaviramaNa brata kA jIvana meM kaThoratA se pAlana ho to isa samasyA ko sulajhAnA hI hogaa| yaha Aja kI samasyA hai jisa para dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai| ___ . samAdhAna-isa samasyA ke mahattva ko hara koI jAnatA hai| yaha bhI mAlUma hai ki isa kAraNa se yA aise hI anya kAraNoM se isa vrata meM zithilatA AI hai / para yadi pratyeka vyakti cAhe to isakA bhI hala nikala sakatA hai / sarvaprathama pratyeka ko yaha socane kI AvazyakatA hai ki dharma kA mukhya prayojana Atmazuddhi hai| aura Atmazuddhi binA svAvalambana ke ho nahIM sakatI / yaha jIvana ko sabase bar3I kamajorI hai ki yaha jIva apane se pRthagbhUta padArthoM kA Alambana letA hai aura unake abhAva meM dukhI hotA hai| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to gRhastha dharma aura yati dharma kI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki aisI kamajorI ko jo ki
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________________ 7. 1.] vrata kA svarUpa 305 jIvana meM ghula-mila gaI hai dUra kiyA jAya, kyoMki isa kamajorI ko haTAye binA mokSa kA prApta honA asambhava hai sarvaprathama yaha zraddhA karanI hotI hai ki maiM bhinna hai aura ye zarIra. strI, putra, dhanAdi bhinna haiN| jaba yaha zraddhA dRr3ha ho jAtI hai taba vaha ina zarIrAdi ke tyAga ke liye yathAzakti prayatnazIla hotA hai| jo para kA raJcamAtra bhI sahArA liye binA svAvalambanapUrvaka jIvana yApana karane kA abhilASI hai vaha yati dharma ko svIkAra karatA hai aura jo ekAeka aisA karane meM apane ko asamartha pAtA hai vaha gRhastha dharma ko svIkAra karatA hai / gRhastha zanaiH zanaiH svAvalambana kI zikSA letA hai| jaise jaise svAvalambanapUrvaka jIvana bitAne meM usake dRr3hatA AtI jAtI hai vaise hI vaise vaha para padArthoM ke Alambana ko chor3atA jAtA hai aura anta meM vaha bhI pUrNa svAvalambI bana jAtA hai| mAnA ki yati zarIra ke liye AhAra letA hai, malamUtra kA tyAga bhI karatA hai| thakAvaTa Adi ke Ane para thor3A vizrAma bhI karatA hai, sva meM citta ke na ramane para anya ko upadeza Adi bhI detA hai, keza Adi ke bar3ha jAne para unakA utpATana bhI karatA hai aura tIrthayAtrAdi ke liye gamanAgamana bhI karatA hai, isaliye yaha zaGkA hotI hai ki yati ko svAvalambI kaise kahA jAya ? prazna hai to mArmika aura kisI aMza meM jIvana kI kamajorI ko vyakta karanevAlA bhI, para isa kamajorI ko ekAeka nikAla pheMkanA asambhava hai| zarIra kA sambandha aisA hai jisakA tyAga eka jhaTake meM nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jaise dhana, putra Adi jude haiM vaise zarIra judA nahIM hai| zarIra aura Atmapradeza eka kSetrAvagAhI ho rahe haiM aura inakA paraspara saMzlapa bhI ho rahA hai, ataH zarIra ke rahate hue yAvanmAtra pravRtti meM inakA nimittanaimittika sambandha banA huA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki pUrNa svAvalambana ( yatidharma) kI dIkSA le lene para bhI saMsAra avasthA meM jIvanmukta avasthA ke milane ke pUrvataka bahuta-sI zarIrAzrita kriyAya karanI
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________________ 306 tattvArthasUtra [7.1. par3atI haiN| yadi una kriyAoM se sarvathA upekSAbhAva rakhA jAtA hai to AtmAzrita dhyAna, bhAvanA Adi kriyAoM kA kiyA jAnA hI kaThina ho jAtA hai| para itane mAtra se usakI svAvalambana pUrvaka jIvana yApana kI bhAvanA lupta nahIM ho jAtI hai, kyoMki zarIra ke sAtha rAgabhAva ke rahate hue buddhipUrvaka yA abuddhipUrvaka zarIramUlaka saba prakAra kI kriyAoM ko sarvathA chor3A nahIM jA sakatA hai| jina kriyAoM ke nahIM karane se zarIra kI sthiti banI raha sakatI hai ve kriyAyeM to chor3a dI jAtI haiM kintu jo kriyAyeM zarIra kI sthiti ke liye Avazyaka haiM unheM svIkAra karanA par3atA hai| dRSTi zarIra ke avalambana ko kama karate hue svAvalambana kI hI rahatI hai| yaha zarIra ke liye kI jAnevAlI kriyAoM ko prazasta nahIM mAnatA aura kAraNavaza aisI kriyA ke nahIM karane para parama Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai| isa prakAra itane vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dharmamAtra svAvalambana kI zikSA detA hai| ataH jo vyakti jIvana kI kamajorI vaza jIvana meM pUrNa svAvalambI banane kI pratijJA nahIM kara pAtA ataeva gRhastha dharma ko svIkAra karatA hai yA vaisI zraddhA ke AdhAra se apane jIvana yApana kA nirNaya karatA hai use para vastuoM ke aise avalambanoM kA to tyAga karanA hI cAhiye jinheM vaha chor3a sakatA hai| rAtri meM bhojana karanA, bir3I sigareTa pInA, nazA ke dUsare kArya karanA ye aise kAma haiM jinase eka to AtmA malina hotA hai, dUsare inheM chor3a dene se zarIra kI koI hAni nahIM hotii| aura aisA karane se AMzika svAvalambana kI zikSA bhI milatI hai, ataH kisI bhI paristhiti meM rAtri bhojana nahIM karanA caahiye| mAnA ki kisI kArakhAne Adi meM kAma karane para aneka paratantratAoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai aura cAlU jIvana ko saralatA pUrvaka bitAnA dUbhara ho jAtA hai para yahI sthala to parIkSA kA kahA jA sakatA hai| mAnasa
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________________ 7. 1.] vrata kA svarUpa 307 pariNAma kI saccI parIkSA to yahIM hotI hai| rAtri bhojana kA tyAgI hone ke nAte jIvana meM jo svAvalambana kI zikSA lI hai usakA dRr3hatA pUrvaka kahA~ taka pAlana hotA hai yaha aise sthala para hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| pratyeka vyakti ko usa dharma (svAvalambana) ko dRr3hatA pUrvaka pAlanA cAhiye jo ki usake prArambhika kartavyoM meM sammilita hai| dharma vyaktigata vastu hai isaliye apane patana aura utthAna ke liye vyakti hI dAyI hai| kamajorI ke sthaloM kA nirdeza karake dharma kI rakSA nahIM kI jA sktii| kintu jo sthala kamajorI ke haiM una sthaloM para dRr3ha bane rahane se hI dharma kI rakSA hotI hai| Aja kala eka naI prathA aura cala par3I hai| adhikatara vyAha zAdiyoM meM yA sArvajanika prasaMgoM para rAtri ko bhI sAmUhika bhoja diyA jAne lagA hai| kahIM isameM anna kA bacAva rakhA jAtA hai, kahIM anna ke sthAna meM siMghAr3e Adi se kAma liyA jAtA hai aura kahIM to anna kA hI vartAva kiyA jAtA hai| yaha roga bar3hatA hI jA rahA hai| bAhya pralobhana itanA adhika rahatA hai jisase pratyeka vyakti kamajorI kA zikAra ho jAtA hai| mAnA ki yaha pratyeka kA vyaktigata doSa hai ki vaha aise sthala para apane prArambhika kartavya ko bhUla jAtA hai para jaba taka jIvana meM svAvalambana kA mahattva nahIM samajhA hai aura jIvana parAvalambI banA huA hai taba taka sahayoga praNAlI ke AdhAra se itanA to honA hI cAhiye ki usa dvArA hI kama se kama aisI kamajorI kI zikSA na dI jAya jisakA prArambha meM tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai| huA kyA hai ki vartamAna meM sabakI dRSTi phira gaI hai| saba apane apane AdhyAtmika jIvana ke mahattva ko hI bhUla gaye haiN| mandira meM jAkara svAvalambana kI pUrNa zikSA denevAlI mUrti ke darzana karate haiM avazya para hRdaya para svAvalambana kA bhAva aGkita nahIM hone paataa| vahA~ bhI pralobhana ke itane adhika sAdhana upasthita kara diye gaye haiM
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________________ 308 tattvArthasUtra [7.1. jisase dRSTi pralobhanoM meM hI ulajha jAtI hai| pralobhanoM se dRSTi phirane hI nahIM paatii| ghara pralobhanoM ko lekara hI vApisa Ate haiN| aba to aise sthala bhI nizcita kara diye gaye haiM jo ina pralobhanoM kA sajIva pracAra karate haiM / padmapurI isakA mukhya udAharaNa hai / vartamAna avasthA meM yaha sAMskRtika tIrthasthAna nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isase kAmanA kI zikSA milatI hai tyAga aura svAvalambana kI nhiiN| mahAvIra jI kA pracAra bhI isI bhAvanA se kiyA jAne lagA hai| yoM to yaha prayatna saikar3oM varSoM se cAlU hai| zAsana devatAoM ke nAma para sakAma pUjA ko isI se protsAhana milA hai| kucha aisI stutiyA~ aura pUjAyeM bhI bana gaI haiM jinase sAMskRtika dRSTikoNa badala kara aneka prakAra ke pralobhanoM kI zikSA milatI hai| kucha, stuti pATha aMzataH apane maulika rUpa meM bhale hI hoM para unakA bhI aisI kalpita kathAoM se sambandha jor3A gayA hai jisase ve aihika tRSNA kI pUrti meM kAma Ane lage haiN| isa vRtti kA anta kahA~ hogA yaha kahanA kaThina hai| vyakti kamajorI kA zikAra ho yaha dUsarI bAta hai kintu tIrthakaroM kI zikSAoM kA mukha hI viparIta dizA meM phera diyA jAya yaha kahA~ taka ucita hai ? jina dharma ke upadezakoM ko yaha socane kI bAta hai| ve svayaM vyaktigata pralobhana se bacakara aura sAMskRtika dRSTikoNa ko hRdayaMgama kara aisA kara sakate haiN| unheM apane uttaradAyitva ko anubhava karane ko AvazyakatA hai| yadi upadezakoM kA dRSTikoNa badala jAya to eka rAtri bhojana ke tyAga kA pracAra hI kyA jaina saMskRtikI nirmala dhArA punaH pravAhita kI jA sakatI hai| vrata ke bhedadezasarvato'NumahatI // 2 // __hiMsAdika se ekadeza virati aNuvrata hai aura pUrNa virati mahAvrata hai|
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________________ 7. 2.1 bratoM kI bhAvanAyeM 306. hiMsAdika kA tyAga karanA cAhiye yaha vihita mArga hai, kyoMki asatpravRttiyoM se chuTakArA pAnA hI vrata hai| kintu tyAgonmukha pratyeka prANI dvArA ina sabakA sArvatrika aura sArvakAlika tyAga ekasA nahIM ho sakatA; jisakI jitanI zakti hogI vaha utanA hI tyAga kara skt| hai| isaliye yahA~ hiMsA Adi doSoM kI nivRtti ke ekadeza aura sarvadeza ye do bhAga kara diye haiN| yadi hiMsA Adi dopoM se ekadeza nivRtti hotI hai to vaha asuvrata kahalAtA hai aura sarvadeza nivRtti hotI hai to vaha mahAvrata kahalAtA hai| saMsArI jIvoM ke trasa aura sthAvara ye do bheda haiM / kAya se aimI pravRtti hI nahIM karanA jisase ina donoM prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA ho| yadi pravRtti karanA bhI ho to samitipUrvaka pravRtti krnaa| mukha se hiMsAkArI vacana nahIM bolanA aura mana meM kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA kA vikalpa nahIM rkhnaa| isI prakAra asatya Adi ke tyAga ke vipaya meM bhI jAnanA caahiye| tAtparya yaha hai ki hiMsA Adi doSoM se kAya, vacana aura mana dvArA hara prakAra se chUTa jAnA mahAvrata hai tathA ina saba doSoM se ekadeza chuTakArA pAnA aNuvrata hai // 2 // vatoM kI bhAvanAyeM - tatsthairyArtha bhAvanAH paJca paJca // 3 // vAGmanoguptIryAdAnanikSepaNasamityAlokitapAnabhojanAni paJca // 4 // ____ krodhalomabhIrutvahAsyapratyAkhyAnAnyanuvIcibhASaNaM ca paJca // 5 // zUnyAgAravimocitAvAsaparoparodhAkaraNabhaikSazuddhisadharmAvisaMvAdAH paJca // 6 //
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________________ 310 tattvArthasUtra [7. 3-8. strIrAgakathAzravaNatanmanoharAGganirIkSaNapUrvaratAnusmaraNavRSye - STarasasvazarIrasaMskAratyAgAH paJca // 7 // manojJAmanojendriyaviSayarAgadveSavarjanAni pazca // 8 // una vratoM ko sthira karane ke liye pratyeka vrata kI pA~ca pA~ca bhAvanAyeM haiN| vacanagupti, manogupti, IryAsamiti, AdAnanikSepaNasamiti aura AlokitapAnabhojana ye ahiMsA vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAyeM haiN| krodhapratyAkhyAna, lobhapratyAkhyAna, bhIrutvapratyAkhyAna, hAsyapratyAkhyAna aura anuvIcibhASaNa ye satyavrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAyeM haiN| zUnyAgArAvAsa, vimocittAvAsa, paroparodhAkaraNa, bhaikSazuddhi aura sadharmAvisaMvAda ye acauryavrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAyeM haiN| ___ khIrAgakathAzravaNatyAga, strImanoharAGganirIkSaNatyAga, pUrvaratAnusmaraNatyAga, vRSyeSTarasatyAga aura svazarIrasaMskAratyAga ye brahmacarya vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAyeM haiN| indriyoM ke manojJa viSayoM meM rAga nahIM karanA aura amanojJa viSayoM meM dveSa nahIM karanA ye aparigrahavrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAyeM haiN| svIkRta vratoM kA pAlanA binA parikara ke sambhava nhiiN| bratonmukha yA vratArUr3ha hue pratyeka prANI ko vyAvahArika jIvana kI una pravRttiyoM se bacanA hogA jo hiMsA Adi avratoM kI poSaka hoM aura una pravRttiyoM kI ora nirantara dhyAna denA hogA jinase ahiMsA Adi vratoM kI puSTi hotI ho; prastuta prakaraNa meM aisI pravRttiyoM kA hI sadA dhyAna rakhanA bhAvanA batalAyA hai| ina bhAvanAoM ko jIvana meM bhale prakAra se utAra lene para ahiMsAdi vratoM kA acchI taraha se pAlana hotA hai| pratyeka vrata kI ye bhAvanAyeM pA~ca pA~ca haiM jinakA nAma nirdeza svayaM sUtrakAra ne kiyA hai; khulAsA niprakAra hai
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________________ 7.3-8.] vratoM kI bhAvanAyeM 311 mukha se acche bure kisI bhI prakAra ke zabda na bolakara mauna dhAraNa karanA vacanagupti hai| mana ko azubha dhyAna se bacAkara Atma hitakArI vicAroM meM lagAnA manogupti hai| kisI ko kleza na ho isaliye yatanApUrvaka cAra hAtha bhUmi zodhate hue gamana karanA IryAsamiti hai| zAstra, pIchI aura kamaNDalu ko lete aura rakhate samaya avalokana va pramArjana karake lenA yA rakhanA AdAnanikSepaNasamiti hai| khAne pIne kI vastu ko bhalIbhA~ti dekhabhAlakara lenA aura lene ke bAda bhI vaise hI dekha bhAlakara khAnA pInA AlokitapAnabhojana hai| isa prakAra ye ahiMsAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAyeM haiN| ____ krodha, lobha, bhaya aura hAsya kA tyAga karanA kramazaH krodhapratyAkhyAna, lobhapratyAkhyAna, bhIrutvapratyAkhyAna aura hAsyapratyAkhyAna hai| tathA nirdoSa bolanA anuvIcibhASaNa hai| isa prakAra ye satyavrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAyeM haiN| zaGkA-bolate samaya ha~sI A jAne se artha kA anartha honA sambhava hai isaliye hAsyatyAga kA satyavrata ke sAtha sambandha to samajha meM AtA hai para krodha, lobha aura bhaya ke tyAga kA satyavrata ke sAtha kyA sambandha hai yaha samajha meM nahIM AtA ? samAdhAna-adhikatara loga krodha, lobha aura bhaya ke vaza hokara asatya bolate haiM, isaliye satyavrata ke pAlane ke liye inakA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai; yahI samajhakara satyavrata kI bhAvanAoM meM ina krodhAdika ke tyAga kA upadeza diyA hai| parvata kI guphA, vRkSa ke koTara Adi meM nivAsa karanA zUnyAgArAvAsa hai| jisa AvAsa kA dUsare ne tyAga kara diyA ho aura jo muktadvAra ho usameM nivAsa karanA vimocitAvAsa hai| jisa sthAna meM apana ne nivAsa kiyA ho, dhyAna lagAyA ho yA tattvopadeza diyA ho vahA~ dUsare sAdhu ko Ane se nahIM rokanA paroparodhAkaraNa hai| bhikSA ke
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [7. 3-8. niyamoM kA ucita dhyAna rakhakara hI bhikSA lenA bhaikSazuddhi hai aura sAdhamI se 'yaha merA kamaNDalu hai ise tU nahIM le sakatA' ityAdi rUpa se visaMvAda nahIM karanA sadharmAvisaMvAda hai| isa prakAra ye acauryavrata ko pA~ca bhAvanAyeM haiN| . nivAsasthAna do prakAra ke ho sakate haiM eka ve jo prAkRtika hote haiM / jaise--parvatoM kI guphA Adi aura dUsare ve jo banavAye jAte haiM kintu banavAkara jo atithiyoM ke liye chor3a diye jAte haiM yA jinakA svAmI unheM yoM hI muktadvAra chor3akara anyatra calA gayA hai. isaliye jinameM Thaharane ke liye dUsare kisI ko rukAvaTa nahIM hai| isa prakAra ye donoM prakAra ke sthAna asvAmika hone se yadi sAdhu aise hI sthAnoM ko apane upayoga meM lAtA hai anya sthAnoM ko nahIM to isase acauryavrata kI rakSA hotI hai isaliye to zUnyAgArAvAsa aura vimocitAvAsa ye do acauryavrata kI bhAvanAyeM batalAI haiN| jina sthAnoM meM sAdhu Thahara gayA ho vahA~ dUsare ko Ane se yadi vaha roke to usa sthAna meM usakI nijatva kI kalpanA sambhava hone se corI kA doSa lagatA hai, isI dopa se bacane ke liye paroparodhAkaraNa yaha tIsarI bhAvanA batalAI hai / bhikSAzuddhi ke jo svAbhAvika niyama batalAye haiM unake anusAra hI sAdhu bhikSA le sakatA hai, anya prakAra se nhiiN| anya prakAra se lene para corI kA doSa AtA hai, kyoMki usa prakAra se lenA vihita mArga nahIM hai| isase tRSNA kI vRddhi hotI hai, isaliye isa doSa se bacane ke liye cauthI bhAvanA batalAI hai| pIchI aura kamaNDalu ye zuddhi ke tathA zAstra yaha jJAnArjana kA upakaraNa hai| jaise gRhastha dhana, dhAnya Adi parigraha kA svAmI hotA hai vaise sAdhu inakA svAmI nahIM hotaa| tathApi yaha kahane se ki yaha merA kamaNDalu hai tuma ise nahIM le sakate, usameM mamatva prakaTa hotA hai aura yaha bhAva corI hai, isaliye isa prakAra ke doSa se bacane ke liye sadharmAvisaMvAda pA~cavIM bhAvanA batalAI hai|
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________________ 7. 3-8.] vratoM kI bhAvanAyeM 313 isa prakAra ye pA~ca acauryavrata kI bhAvanAyeM haiN| jina kathAoM ke sunane aura bAcane Adi se strIviSayaka anurAga jAgRta ho aisI kathAoM ke sunane aura bAcane Adi kA tyAga karanA strIrAgakathAzravaNatyAga hai| striyoM ke mukha, A~kha, kuca aura kaTi Adi sundara aGgoM ko dekhane se kAma bhAva jAgRta hotA hai, isaliye sAdhu ko eka to striyoM ke samparka se apane ko bacAnA cAhiye, dUsare yadi ve darzanAdika ko AveM to nIcI dRSTi rakhane kA abhyAsa karanA cAhiye aura icchApUrvaka unakI ora nahIM dekhanA cAhiye, yaha tanmanoharAGganirIkSaNatyAga hai| gRhastha avasthA meM vividha prakAra ke bhoga bhoge rahate haiM unake smaraNa karane se kAmavAsanA bar3hatI hai, isaliye unakA bhUlakara bhI smaraNa nahIM karanA pUrvaratAnusmaraNatyAga hai| gariSTha aura priya khAnapAna kA tyAga karanA vRSyeSTarasatyAga hai| tathA kisI bhI prakAra kA apane zarIra kA saMskAra nahIM karanA jisase svapara ke mana meM Asakti paidA ho sakatI ho svazarIrasaMskAratyAga hai| isa prakAra ye brahmacaryavrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAyeM haiN| ___ saMsAra meM saba prakAra ke viSaya vidyamAna haiM kucha manojJa aura kucha amanojJa / jo mana ko priya lageM ve manojJa viSaya haiM aura jo mana ko priya na lageM ve amanojJa viSaya haiN| manojJa viSayoM ke prApta hone se rAga aura amanojJa viSayoM ke prApta hone se dveSa baDhatA hai| yadi manojJa : viSayoM meM rAga na kiyA jAya aura amanojJa viSayoM meM dveSa na kiyA jAya to unake saJcaya aura tyAga kI bhAvanA ho jAgRta na ho aura isa prakAra aparigrahavrata kI rakSA hotI rhe| isI se manojJAmanojJasparzarAgadvepavarjana, manojJAmanojJarasarAgadveSavarjana, manojJAmanojJagandharAgadveSavarjana, manojJAmanojJavarNarAgadveSavarjana aura manojJAmanojJazabdarAgadveSavarjana ye aparigraha vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAyeM batalAI haiN| .. ye pratyeka vrata kI pA~ca pA~ca bhAvanAyeM mahAvrata kI apekSA batalAI
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________________ 314 tattvArthasUtra [7. 6-12. haiM tathApi inhIM ke anurUpa aNuvratoM kI bhI bhAvanAyeM hotI haiM / aNuvratoM se mahAvratoM kA sthAna prathama hai isaliye bhAvanAoM ke kathana meM pramukhatA se unhIM ko sthAna diyA hai // 3-8 // kucha anya sAmAnya bhAvanAyeM jinase ukta vratoM kI puSTi ho-- hiMsAdiSvihAmutrApAyAvadhadarzanam // 9 // duHkhameva vA // 10 // maitrIpramodakAruNyamAdhyasthAni ca sattvaguNAdhikaklizyamAnAvineyeSu // 11 // jagatkAyasvabhAvau vA saMvegavairAgyArtham // 12 / / hiMsA Adi pA~ca doSoM meM aihika aura pAralaukika apAya aura avadya kA darzana bhAvane yogya hai| athavA hiMsA Adika duHkha ho haiM aisI bhAvanA karanI cAhiye / prANImAtra meM maitrI, guNAdhikoM meM pramoda, klizyamAnoM meM karuNAvRtti aura avineyoM meM mAdhyastha bhAva kI bhAvanA karanI cAhiye / saMvega aura vairAgya ke liye jagata ke svabhAva aura zarIra ke svabhAva kI bhAvanA karanI caahiye| ____ koI bhI prANI hiMsAdi doSoM kA tyAga tabhI kara sakatA hai jaba unameM use apanA ahita dikhAI de, kyoMki jaba taka yaha na ho ki hiMsA Adika doSa isaloka aura paraloka donoM lokoM meM ahitakara haiM aura nidya haiM taba taka unakA tyAga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isIse prastuta sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne hiMsAdi doSoM meM aihika aura pAralaukika apAya aura avadha ke darzana karane kI bhAvanA kA upadeza diyA hai| apAya kA artha vinAza hai aura avadha kA artha nindya hai / jo prANI hiMsAdi doSoM kA sevana karatA hai usakA yaha loka aura paraloka donoM bigar3a
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________________ 315 7. 6-12.] anya sAmAnya bhAvanAya jAte haiM aura vaha ubhaya loka meM nindA kA pAtra bhI hotA hai, isaliye hiMsAdi doSoM kA tyAga karanA zreyaskara hai, yaha prastuta sUtra kA abhiprAya hai||6|| ___ pratyeka prANI sukha cAhatA hai aura duHkha se bhaya khAtA hai| vaha cAhatA hai ki na to mujhe duHkha prApta ho aura na duHkha ke sAdhana hI prApta hoN| kintu aisA taba ho sakatA hai jaba vaha sukha aura duHkha ke sAdhanoM meM viveka prApta karake duHkha ke sAdhanoM ke tyAga dvArA sukha ke sAdhanoM ko dRr3hatA se svIkAra kre| dekhA jAtA hai ki rakSA svapara hitakArI hai aura hiMsA svapara duHkhakArI, isase jJAta hotA hai ki hiMsA kA tyAga karake ahiMsAdi dharmoM ko svIkAra karanA ho sukha kA mArga hai| tathApi ina hiMsAdi duHkha ke sAdhanoM kA pUrI taraha se tyAga taba ho sakatA hai jaba inameM bhalI prakAra se duHkhadarzana kA abhyAsa kiyA jAya, isI se yahA~ hiMsA Adi dopoM ko duHkha rUpa se mAnane kI vRtti ke satata abhyAsa karate rahane kA upadeza diyA hai| isa prakAra hiMsAdi doSoM meM duHkhabhAvanA ke jAgRta hone se prANI unase virata hokara sukha ke mArga meM laga jAtA hai // 10 // pahale kI taraha hiMsAdi doSoM ke tyAga dvArA ahiMsAdi vratoM kI rakSA ke liye maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyastha ina cAra bhAvanAoM kA satata abhyAsa karate rahanA bhI upayogI batalAyA hai| maitrI kA artha hai sabameM apane samAna samajhane kI bhaavnaa| isase apane samAna hI aura sabako duHkhI na hone dene kI bhAvanA jAgRta hotI hai| yaha sAmAnya bhAvanA hai, kyoMki isakA viSaya prANImAtra hai| zeSa tIna isake avAntara bheda haiM, kyoMki yaha maitrI bhAvanA hI kahIM para pramodarUpa, kahIM para karuNArUpa aura kahIM para mAdhyastharUpa se prasphuTita hotI hai| jisase apanA guNotkarSa honA sambhava hai vahA~ vaha pramodarUpa ho jAtI hai| jisase antaHkaraNa dravita ho uThatA hai vahA~ para vahI karuNA kA
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________________ 316 tattvArthasUtra [7.9-12. rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai aura jisase vidveSa kI bhAvanA jAgRta honA sambhava hai vahA~ vaha usakA prazamana karane ke liye mAdhyastha kA rUpa 'dhAraNa kara letI hai| isa prakAra eka maitrI bhAvanA hI pAtrabheda se tIna prakAra kI ho jAtI hai yaha isakA tAtparya hai, isaliye maitrI bhAvanA kA viSaya prANImAtra batalAyA hai aura zeSa bhAvanAoM ke viSaya usa usa bhAvanA ke anusAra alaga alaga batalAye haiM // 11 // yadyapi ina bhAvanAoM se ahiMsA Adi vratoM kI puSTi hotI hai tathApi isake liye saMvega aura vairAgya bhAvanA kA honA aura bhI jarUrI hai, kyoMki inake binA ahiMsA Adi vratoM kA prApta honA aura prApta hue vratoM kA pAlanA sambhava nahIM hai| phira bhI ina donoM kI prApti jagatsvabhAva aura kAyasvabhAva ke cintavana se hotI hai isaliye prastuta sUtra meM saMvega aura vairAgya kI prApti ke liye ina donoM kA cintavana karanA Avazyaka batalAyA hai| ___ isa jaga meM jIva nAnA yoniyoM meM duHkha bhoga rahe haiM, unheM sukha kA leza bhI prApta nhiiN| jIvana jala ke bulabule ke samAna vinazvara hai ityAdi rUpa meM jaga ke svabhAva kA cintavana karane se usake prati moha dUra hokara usase saMvega-bhaya paidA hotA hai| isI prakAra zarIra kI asthirutA, azucitA aura niHsAratA Adi rUpa. svabhAva kA cintavana karane se usase vairAgya utpanna hotA hai // 12 // hisA kA svarUpapramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA // 13 // pramattayoga se prANoM kA vinAza karanA hiMsA hai| 'pahale hiMsAdi doSoM se nivRtta honA vrata batalAyA hai para vahA~ una hiMsAdi doSoM ke svarUpa para prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai jinakA svarUpa samajhanA jarUrI hai, ataH Age ina doSoM ke svarUpa para prakAza
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________________ 7.13.] hiMsA kA svarUpa 317 DAlA jAtA hai| usameM bhI sarvaprathama isa sUtradvArA hiMsA ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sUtra meM pramattayoga se prANoM ke vinAza karane ko hiMsA batalAyA hai, isase jJAta hotA hai ki yadyapi prANoM kA vinAza karanA hiMsA hai, para vaha pramattayoga se kiyA huA honA caahiye| jo prANoM kA vinAza pramattayoga se arthAt rAga-dveparUpa pravRtti ke kAraNa . hiMsAkA lAkSa- hotA hai vaha to hiMsA hai zepa nahIM yaha isa sUtrakA Nika artha tAtparya hai| yahA~ pramattayoga kAraNa hai aura prANoM kA vinAza kArya hai| Agama meM prANa do taraha ke batalAye haiM dravyaprANa aura bhAvaprANa / pramattayoga ke hone para dravya prANoM kA vinAza hotA hI hai aisA koI niyama nahIM hai, hiMsA ke anya nimitta mila jAne para dravya prANoM kA vinAza hotA bhI hai aura nahIM milane para nahIM bhI hotA hai| isI prakAra kabhI kabhI pramattayoga ke nahIM rahane para bhI dravya prANoM kA vinAza dekhA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha-sAdhu IryAsamiti pUrvaka gamana karate haiN| unake raJcamAtra bhI pramattayoga nahIM hotA, tathApi kadAcit gamana karane ke mArga meM acAnaka kSudra jantu Akara. aura paira se daba kara mara jAtA hai| yahA~ pramattayoga ke nahIM rahane para bhI prANavyaparopaNa hai, isaliye mukhyatayA pramattayoga se jo bhAva prANoM kA vinAza hotA hai vaha hiMsA hai aisA yahA~ tAtparya samajhanA caahiye| jaina Agama meM hiMsA vikAra kA paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai| jIvana meM jo bhI vikAra vidyamAna hai usase pratikSaNa AtmaguNoM kA ... hrAsa ho rahA hai / yaha vikArabhAva kabhI-kabhI bhItara "' hI bhItara kAma karatA rahatA hai, aura kabhI kabhI bAhara prasphuTita hokara usakA kAma dikhAI dene lagatA hai| kisI para krodha karanA, usako mArane ke liye udyata honA, gAlI denA, apamAna karanA, jhUThA lAJchana lagAnA, sanmArga ke viruddha sAdhanoM ko juTAnA
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________________ 318 tattvArthasUtra [7. 13. Adi usa vikAra ke bAharI rUpa haiM aura Atmonnati yA Atmonnati ke sAdhanoM se vimukha hokara rAgadvaSa rUpa pariNati kA honA usakA Abhyantara rUpa hai| aise vikAra bhAva se AtmaguNoM kA hanana hotA hai isaliye tattvataH isI kA nAma hiMsA hai| mukhyatayA pratyeka kI dRSTi apane jIvana ke saMzodhana kI na hokara bAhara kI ora jAtI hai| vaha itanA hI vicAra karatA hai ki maiMne anya jIvoM para dayA kI, unheM nahIM mArA to mere dvArA ahiMsA kA pAlana ho gyaa| vaha apane jIvana kA raMcamAtra bhI saMzodhana nahIM karatA, bhItara chipe hue vikAra bhAva ko nahIM dekhtaa| isase vaha hiMsA ko karate hue bhI apane ko ahiMsaka samajha baiThatA hai| jagat meM jo vizRMkhalatA phailI huI hai vaha isakA prAMjala udAharaNa hai| tattvataH bhUla kahA~ ho rahI hai| usakI khoja honI caahiye| isake binA hiMsA se apanI rakSA nahIM ho sakatI aura na ahiMsA kA marma hI samajha meM A sakatA hai| manuSya ke jIvana meM yaha sabase bar3I bhUla hai jisase vaha aisA mAna baiThA hai ki dUsare kA hitAhita karanA mere hAtha meM haiN| jisane jitane jIjana kI sabase adhika bAharI sAdhanoM kA saMcaya kara liyA hai vaha 'utanA adhika apane ko zaktimAn anubhava karatA bhUla hI hiMsA kA " hai| sAmrAjya lipsA, pU~jIvAda, vargavAda aura * saMsthAvAda isakA pariNAma hai| IzvaravAda ko isI manovRtti ne janma diyA hai| jagat meM bAharI viSamatA kA bIja yahI hai| atIta kAla meM jo saMgharSa hue yA vartamAna meM jo bhI saMgharSa ho rahe haiM una sabakA kAraNa yahI hai| jaba manuSya apane jIvana meM isa tattvajJAna ko svIkAra kara letA hai ki anya se anya kA hita yA ahita hotA hai taba usakI antarmukhI dRSTi phira kara bahirmukhI ho jAtI hai| vaha bAhya sAdhanoM ke juTAne meM laga jAtA hai| unake juTAne meM saphala hone para use apanI saphalatA mAnatA hai| jIvana meM bAhya sAdhanoM ko sthAna nahIM hai
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________________ 7. 13.] hiMsA kA svarUpa 316 yaha bAta nahIM hai kintu isakI eka maryAdA hai| dRSTi ko antarmukhI rakhate hue apane jIvana kI kamajorI ke anusAra bAhya sAdhanoM kA Alambana lenA aura bAta hai kintu isake viparIta bAhya sAdhanoM ko hI saba kucha mAna baiThanA aura bAta hai| ___tattvataH pratyeka padArtha svatantra aura apane meM paripUrNa hai| usameM jo bhI parivartana hotA hai vaha usakI apUrNatA kA dyotaka na hokara usakI yogyatAnusAra hI hotA hai isaliye kisI bhI padArtha ko zakti kA saMcaya karane ke liye kisI dUsare padArtha kI AvazyakatA nahIM lenI pdd'tii| nimitta itanA balavAn nahIM hotA ki vaha anya dravya meM se kucha nikAla de yA usameM kucha milA de| dravya meM na kucha AtA hai aura na usameM se kucha jAtA hI hai / anantakAla pahale jisa dravya kA jo svarUpa thA Aja bhI vaha jahA~ kA tahA~ aura AgAmI kAla meM bhI vaha vaisA hI banA rhegaa| kevala paryAya krama se badalanA usakA svabhAva hai isaliye itanA parivartana usameM hotA rahatA hai| mAnA ki yaha parivartana sarvathA animittaka nahIM hotA hai kintu isakA yaha bhI artha nahIM ki yaha nimittAdhIna hotA hai| jaise vastu kI kAryamaryAdA nizcita hai vaise saba prakAra ke nimittoM kI kAryamaryAdA nizcita nahIM / dharma dravya, adharma dravya, kAla dravya aura AkAza dravya ye aise nimitta haiM jo sadA eka rUpa meM kArya ke prati nimitta hote haiN| dharma dravya sadA gati meM nimitta hotA hai| adharma dravya sthiti meM nimitta hotA hai| kAla dravya prati samaya kI honevAlI paryAya meM nimitta hotA hai aura AkAza dravya avagAhanA meM nimitta hotA hai| ina dravyoM ke nimittatva kI yaha yogyatA niyata hai| isameM trikAla meM bhI antara nahIM aataa| ina dravyoM kA astitva bhI isI AdhAra para mAnA gayA hai| kintu inake sivA pratyeka kArya ke prati jo jude jude nimitta mAne gaye haiM ve padArtha ke svabhAvagata kArya ke anusAra hI nimitta kAraNa hote haiN| ve amuka DhaMga ke kArya ke prati hI
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________________ 320 tattvArthasUtra [7. 13. nimitta haiM aisI vyavasthA unakI nizcita nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha eka yuvatI. eka hI samaya meM sAdhu ke liye vairAgya ke hone meM nimitta hotI hai aura rAgo ke liye rAga ke hone meM nimitta hotI hai| isakA yahI artha hai ki jisa padArtha kI jisa kAla meM jisa prakAra kI svabhAvagata kAryamaryAdA hotI hai usI ke anusAra anya padArtha usake hone meM nimitta kAraNa hotA hai| isaliye jIvana meM nimitta kA sthAna hokara bhI vastu kI pariNati ko usake AdhIna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yaha tAttvika mImAMsA hai jisakA samyagdarzana na hone ke kAraNa hI jIvana meM aisI bhUla hotI hai jisase yaha dUsare ke vigAr3a banAva kA kartA apane ko mAnatA hai aura bAhya sAdhanoM ke juTAne meM juTA rahatA hai| tAttvika dRSTi se vicAra karane para isa pariNati kA nAma hI hiMsA hai| hameM jagat, meM jo vividha prakAra kI kaSAya mUlaka vRttiyA~ dikhalAI detI haiM ve saba isake pariNAma haiN| jagat kI azAnti aura avyavasthA kA bhI yahI kAraNa hai| eka bAra jIvana meM bhautika sAdhanoM ne prabhutA pAI ki vaha bar3hatI hI jAtI hai| dharma aura dharmAyatanoM meM bhI isakA sAmrAjya dikhalAI dene lagA hai| adhikatara par3he likhe yA tyAgI logoM kA mata hai ki vartamAna meM jaina dharma kA anuyAyI rAjA na hone ke kAraNa ahiMsA dharma kI unnati nahIM ho rahI hai| mAlUma par3atA hai ki unakA yaha mata Antarika vikAra kA hI dyotaka hai| tIrthaMkaroM kA zArIrika bala hI sarvAdhika mAnA gayA hai kintu unhoMne svayaM apane jIvana meM aisI asakalpanA nahIM kI thI aura na ve zArIrika bala yA bhautika bala ke sahAre dharmakA pracAra karane ke liye udyata hI hue the| bhautika sAdhanoM ke prayoga dvArA kisI ke jIvana kI zuddhi ho sakatI hai yaha trikAla meM bhI sambhava nahIM hai / unmAda se unmAda kI hI vRddhi hotI hai| yaha bhautika sAdhanoM kA unmAda hI adharma hai| isase AtmA kI nirmalatA. kA lopa hotA hai aura vaha ina sAdhanoM ke bala para saMsAra para chA jAnA cAhatA hai|
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________________ 7. 13.] hiMsA kA svarUpa 321 uttarottara usakI mahattvAkAMkSAeM bar3hatI jAtI haiM jisase saMsAra meM ekamAtra ghRNA aura dveSa kA hI pracAra hotA hai| vartamAna kAla meM jo vividha prakAra ke vAda dikhalAI dete haiM ve isI ke pariNAma haiN| saMsAra ne bhItara se apanI dRSTi phera lI hai| saba bAhara kI ora dekhane lage hai / jIvana kI eka bhUla se kitanA bar3A anartha ho rahA hai yaha samajhane aura anubhava karane kI vastu hai| yahI vaha bhUla hai jisake kAraNa hiMsA panapakara phUla phala rahI hai| zAstrakAroM ne isa hiMsA ke do bheda kiye haiM-bhAvahiMsA aura dravya hiMsA / bhAvahiMsA vahI hai jisakA hama Upara nirdeza kara Aye hai| mAno dravya hiMsA meM anya jIva kA vighAta liyA gayA kAraNa . " hai| yaha bhAvahiMsA kA phala hai isaliye ise hiMsA " kahA gayA hai| kadAcit bhAvahiMsA ke abhAva meM bhI dravyahiMsA hotI huI dekhI jAtI hai para usakI parigaNanA hiMsA kI koTi meM nahIM kI jAtI hai| hiMsA kA Thoka artha Atma pariNAmoM kI kaluSatA hI hai / kadAcit koI jar3a padArtha ko apakArI mAnakara usake vinAza kA bhAva karatA hai aura usake nimitta se vaha naSTa bhI ho jAtA hai| yahA~ yadyapi kisI anya jIva ke dravya prANoM kA nAza nahIM huA hai to bhI jar3a padArtha ko chinna bhinna karane meM nimitta honevAlA vyakti hiMsaka hI mAnA jAyagA; kyoMki aise bhAvoM se jo usake AtmA kI hAni huI hai usI kA nAma hiMsA hai| __saMsArI jIva ke kaSAyamUlaka do prakAra ke bhAva hote haiM-rAgarUpa aura dvessruup| inameM se drupamUlaka jitane bhI bhAva hote haiM una sabakI parigaNanA hiMsAmeM kI jAtI hai| kadAcit aisA hotA hai jahA~ vidveSa kI jvAlA bhar3aka uThane kA bhaya rahatA hai| aise sthala para upekSA bhAva ke dhAraNa karane kI zikSA dI gaI hai| udAharaNArtha-koI vyakti apanI strI, bhaginI, mAtA yA kanyA kA apaharaNa karatA hai yA dharmAyatana kA
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________________ 322 tattvArthasUtra [7. 13. dhvaMsa karatA hai to bahuta sambhava hai ki aisA karanevAle vyakti ke prati vidveSabhAva ho jAya / kintu aise samaya meM strI Adi kI rakSA kA bhAva honA cAhiye use mArane kA nhiiN| ho sakatA hai ki rakSA karate samaya usa vyakti kI mRtyu ho jAya / yadi rakSA kA bhAva huA to vahI yApekSika ahiMsA hai aura mArane kA bhAva huA to vahI hiMsA hai| mukhyatayA aisI hiMsA ko hI saMkalpI hiMsA kahate haiN| kahIM kahIM yaha hiMsA anya kAraNoM se bhI hotI hai| jaise zikAra khelanA Adi so isakI parigaNanA bhI saMkalpI hiMsA meM hotI hai| saMkalpI hiMsA usakA nAma hai jo irAdatana kI jAtI hai| kasAI Adi jo bhI hiMsA karate haiM use bhI isI koTi kI hiMsA samajhanA caahiye| mAnA ki unakI yaha AjIvikA hai para gAya Adi ko mArate samaya hiMsA kA saMkalpa kiye binA badha nahIM ho sakatA isaliye yaha saMkalpI hiMsA hI hai| prArambhI aura saMkalpI hiMsA meM itanA antara hai ki Arambha meM gRhanirmANa karanA, rasoI banAnA, khetI bAr3I karanA Adi kArya kI mukhyatA rahatI hai| aisA karate hue jIva marate haiM avazya para isameM sIdhA jIva ko nahIM mArA jAtA hai aura saMkalpa meM jIva vadha kI mukhyatA rahatI hai| yahA~ kAryakA zrIgaNeza jIva vadha se hI hotA hai| . rAgabhAva do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai-prazasta aura aprazasta / jIvana zuddhi ke nimittabhUta padArthoM meM rAga karanA prazasta rAga hai aura zeSa aprazasta rAga hai| hai to yaha donoM prakAra kA rAgabhAva hiMsA hI parantu jaba taka rAgabhAva nahIM chUTA hai taba taka aprazasta rAga se prazasta rAga meM rahanA uttama mAnA gayA hai| isI se zAstrakAroM ne dAna denA pUjA karanA, jina mandira banavAnA, pAThazAlA kholanA, upadeza karanA, deza kI unnati karanA Adi kAryoM kA upadeza diyA hai| jIvana meM jisane pUrNa svAvalambana ko utArane kI arthAt munidharma kI dIkSA.lI hai use buddhipUrvaka saba prakAra ke rAga dveSa ke tyAga karane
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________________ 7. 14.] asatya kA svarUpa 323 kA vidhAna hai| kyoMki buddhipUrva kisI bhI prakAra kA rAga dveSa banA rahanA jIvana kI bar3I bhArI kamajorI hai| isa dRSTi se to saba prakAra ke vikAra bhAva hiMsA hI mAne gaye haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki muni ko saba prakAra kI pravRtti ke anta meM prAyazcita karanA par3atA hai| kintu gRhastha kI sthiti isase bhinna hai| usakA adhikatara jIvana pravRtti mUlaka hI vyatIta hotA hai| vaha jIvana kI kamajorI ko ghaTAnA cAhatA hai / jo kamajorI zeSa hai use burA bhI mAnatA hai para kamajorI kA pUrNataH tyAga karane meM asamartha rahatA hai, isaliye vaha jitanI kamajorI ke tyAga kI pratijJA karatA hai utanI usake ahiMsA mAnI gaI hai aura jo kamajorI zeSa hai vaha hiMsA mAnI gaI hai| kintu yaha hiMsA vyavahAra mUlaka hI hotI hai ataH isake isakA niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| pahale jisa ApekSika ahiMsA kI yA prArambhajanya hiMsA kI hama carcA kara Aye haiM vaha gRhastha kI isI vRtti kA pariNAma hai| yaha hiMsA saMkalpI hiMsA kI koTi kI nahIM mAnI gaI hai|| 13 // asatya kA svarUpa asadabhidhAnamanRtam // 14 // asat bolanA anRta arthAt asatya hai| koI vastu hai para usakA bilakula niSedha karanA, jaisI hai vaisI nahIM batalAnA yA bolate samaya aziSTa vacanoM kA prayoga karanA asat vacana haiN| jo prANI apane jIvana meM isa prakAra ke vacanoM kA prayoga karatA hai vaha asatya dopa kA bhAgI hotA hai| zaMkA-mAtA, pitA yA adhyApaka bAlaka ko sumArga para lAne ke liye aura AcArya ziSya ko zAsana karate samaya kaThora vacana bolate haiM, to kyA yaha saba kathana asatya kI koTi meM AtA hai ? smaadhaan-nhiiN|
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________________ 324 tattvArthasUtra [7. 14. zaMkA-isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? samAdhAna-bAta yaha hai ki kevala kaThora vacana bolanA hI asatya nahIM hai kintu jo vacana pramattayoga se bolA jAtA hai vaha asatya hai / pramattayoga se kisI bhI prakAra kA vacana kyoM na bolA gayA ho vaha sabakA saba asatya hai aura pramAda ke binA bolA gayA saba vacana satya hai| yadyapi guru Adi kaThora vacana bolate haiM parantu unake vaisA vacana prayoga karane meM pramAda kAraNa nahIM hai isaliye aise vacana ko asatya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| zaMkA-rAjakarmacAriyoM meM anAcAra ke phaila jAne se apane bacAva ke liye janatA ko jo asatya bolanA par3atA hai usakA antarbhAva isa asatya meM hotA hai kyA ? samAdhAna-avazya hotA hai| zaMkA-yadi aisA hai to asatya doSa se koI bhI nahIM baca sakatA hai ? samAdhAna-yaha khyAla galata hai ki asatya doSa se koI bhI nahIM baca sakatA hai, aise avasaroM para milakara usa vyavasthA ko hI badala denA cAhiye jisase jIvana meM asat pravRtti kA saMcAra hotA ho| bhale hI isake liye adhika se adhika tyAga karanA par3e parantu samAja meM aura rASTra meM sadAcAra aura satpravRtti ko jIvita rakhane ke liye aisA kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| anyathA satya kA DhiMDhorA pITanA DhakosalA mAtra hogaa| zaMkA-kyA vartamAna Arthika vyavasthA ke cAlU rahate hue satyA vacana kA pAlA jAnA sambhava hai ? samAdhAna-Arthika vyavasthA kisI bhI prakAra kI kyoM na ho| vaha bAhya Alambana mAtra hai| yahA~ to antaraMga kAraNoM para vicAra karanA hai| antaraMga se una kAraNoM kA tyAga honA cAhiye jinase
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________________ 325 . 7. 15. ] corI kA svarUpa asat kathana ko protsAhana milatA ho| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki vartamAna kAlona Arthika vyavasthA manuSya ke adhyAtma jIvana para gaharA prahAra kara rahI hai aura isaliye sahayoga praNAlI ke AdhAra se isameM saMzodhana honA cAhiye para aisI viSama paristhiti ke vazIbhUta hokara apane adhyAtma jIvana meM dAga lagAnA kisI bhI hAlata meM ucita nahIM hai| usakI to rakSA honI hI cAhiye / satya aisA nahIM hai jo bAharI jIvana para avalambita ho / vaha to prANImAtra ke adhyAtma jIvana kI nirmala dhArA kA suphala hai, ataH jaise bane vaise satya kI rakSA meM sadA tatpara rahanA cAhiye // 14 // corI kA svarUpaadattAdAnaM steyam // 15 // binA dI huI vastu kA lenA steya arthAt corI hai| sAdhAraNatayA yaha niyama hai ki mAtA pitA se jise jaMgama yA sthAvara jo dravya prApta hotA hai vaha aura apane jIvana meM jitanA kamAtA hai vaha yA bheTa Adi meM jo dravya milatA hai vaha usakI mAlikI kA hotA hai| yadi koI anya vyakti dUsare kisI kI mAlikI kI choTI yA bar3I kisI bhI prakAra kI binA dI huI vastu ko letA hai. to vaha lenA steya arthAt corI hai| ____zaMkA-vartamAna kAla meM pU~jIvAdI paramparA dRr3hatA se rUr3ha ho jAne ke kAraNa kucha aise niyama pracalita ho gaye haiM jinase eka ora zramikoM ko paryApta zrama kA phala nahIM mila pAtA aura isake liye saMgaThita AvAja bulanda karane para rAjazakti dvArA ve kucala diye jAte haiM aura dUsarI ora sAdhanoM ke bala para hI pratyeka pUMjIpati pUjI ke Dhera ke Dhera saMgraha karatA jAtA hai| aba yadi koI vyakti isa avasthA se Ubakara. apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke liye kisI pUjIpati ke dravya meM se
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________________ 326 [7. 15. tattvArthasUtra kucha dravya curA letA hai to kyA usakA vaisA karanA corI meM sammilita samajhA jAyagA? samAdhAna-avazya / zaMkA-to garIba janatA kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kaise kI jAya ? samAdhAna-isake liye saMgaThita prayatna karanA cAhiye aura milakara usa avasthA ko badala denA cAhiye jisase sAdhanoM ke abhAva meM sarva sAdhAraNa janatA kA utpIr3ana hotA ho|| __ zaMkA-pratyeka saMsArI prANI zvAsa letA hai aura karma nokarma ko bhI grahaNa karatA hai so usakA vaisA karanA kyA corI meM sammilita samajhA jAnA cAhiye, kyoMki ye saba bastueM binA dI huI rahatI haiM ? samAdhAna-yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki binA dI huI vastu kA lenA corI hai tathApi ina upayukta vastuoM meM dAnAdAnakA vyavahAra sambhava nahIM, isaliye inakA prApta honA corI meM sammilita nahIM hai| 'zaMkA-sAdhuoM kA galI kUcA Adi ke dvAra meM se praveza karanA va itara janoM kA nadI, tAlAba Adi kA pAnI lenA, dAtauna tor3anA Adi bhI to adattAdAna hai, isaliye inake grahaNa karane meM corI kA doSa laganA cAhiye ? samAdhAna-jo vastueM sAmAnya rUpa se sabake upayoga ke liye . hotI haiM aura jisa para kisI prakAra kA pratibandha nahIM hotA, apanI apanI AvazyakatA ke anusAra unake grahaNa karane meM corI kA doSa nahIM lgtaa| upayukta vastueM aisI haiM jina para kisI prakAra kA pratibandha nahIM rahatA , ataH unakA grahaNa karanA adattAdAna nahIM hai aura isaliye unake grahaNa karane meM corI kA doSa nahIM hai| yaha corI kA vyavahAraparaka artha hai| vAstavika artha yaha hai ki jIvana kI kisI bhI prakAra kI kamajorI ko chipAnA corI hai|
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________________ abrahma kA svarUpa 327 jIvana meM kamajorI haiM aura hotI raheMgI para na to unapara paradA DAlanA hI ucita hai aura na unake anusAra pravRtti karanA hI ucita hai yaha ukta kathana kA bhAva hai| jo gRhastha yA muni apanI apanI maryAdA ke bAhara kamajorI ke zikAra hote haiM aura use chipAte haiM ve corI ke aparAdho haiM ailA yahA~ samajhanA cAhiye // 15 // abrahma kA svarUpamaithunamabrahma // 16 // maithuna abrahma hai| strI aura puruSa kA jor3A mithuna kahalAtA hai aura rAga pariNAma se yukta hokara inake dvArA kI gaI sparzana Adi kriyA maithuna hai| graha maithuna hI abrahma hai| yadyapi yahA~ mithuna zabda se strI aura puruSa kA jor3A liyA gayA hai tathApi ve sabhI sajAtIya aura vijAtIya jor3e jo kAmopasevana ke liye ekatra hote haiM mithuna zabda se liye jAne cAhiye, kyoMki Aja kala aprAkRtika kAmopasevana ke aise bahuta se prakAra dekhe jAte haiM jinakI pahale kabhI kalpanA hI nahIM kI gaI thii| isI prakAra kevala puruSa yA kevala strI kA kAmarAga ke Aveza meM Akara jar3a vastu ke avalambana se yA apane hasta Adi dvArA kuTila kAma kriyA kA karanA bhI abrahma hai| yadyapi yahA~ jor3A nahIM hai tathApi do ke saMyoga se jo kAmasevana kiyA jAtA hai vaha nyUnAdhika pramANa meM anya acetana padArtha ke nimitta se yA hastAdika ke nimitta se sadha jAtA hai isaliye aisA mithyAcAra abrahma hI hai| isase svAsthya, sampatti, sadvicAra, sadAcAra Adi aneka sadguNoM kI hAni hotI hai| zaMkA-maithuna ko hI abrahma kyoM kahA hai ? samAdhAna-jisake sadbhAva meM ahiMsA Adi dharmoM kI vRddhi hotI hai vaha brahma hai / maithuna eka aisA mahAn duguNa hai jisake jIvana meM ghara kara lene para kisI bhI uttama guNa kA vAsa nahIM rahatA, isase uttarottara
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________________ 328 tattvArthasUtra [7. 17. hiMsA Adi doSoM kI hI puSTi hotI hai isIse maithuna ko abrahma kahA hai / dUsare brahma kA artha apane AtmasvarUpa ko chor3a kara strI Adi para vastu meM mukhyatA se ramamANa honA hai ataH kAma sevana ko abrahma kahA hai||16|| parigraha kA svarUpamUrkhA parigrahaH // 17 // mUrchA parigraha hai| mUrchA kA artha hai kisI bhI vastu meM apanatva kA anubhava karanA yA use apanI mAlikI ko samajhanA / saMsAra meM jar3a aura cetana . choTe bar3e aneka padArtha haiM unameM yaha saMsArI prANI moha yA rAgavaza apanatva ko yA apane mAlikIpana kI kalpanA karatA rahatA hai| unake saMyoga meM yaha harSa mAnatA hai aura viyoga meM duHkha / unakai arjana, saMcaya aura saMrakSaNa ke liye yaha nirantara prayatnazIla rahatA hai| zrAba to ina bAhya padArthoM ke Upara svAmitva sthApita karane ke liye aura aisA karake apane apane dezavAsiyoM kI sukha suvidhA bar3hAne ke liye rASTra rASTra meM yuddha hone lage haiN| aba nyAya nIti ke pracAra aura asadAcAra ke nivAraNa ke liye yuddha na hokara apane apane vyApAra vistAra Adi kAraNoM se yuddha hote haiN| idhara isa dvandva meM eka ora sAdhana sAmagrI ko samavibhAgIkaraNa kI bhAvanA kAma kara rahI hai to dUsarI ora usake uccATana meM sArI zakti kA upayoga kiyA jA rahA hai| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to ina saba pravRttiyoM kI taha meM mUrchA hI kAma karatI hai isa liye sUtrakAra ne mUrchA ko hI parigraha kahA hai| 'zaMkA-yataH sUtrakAra ne mUrchA ko parigraha batalAyA hai ataH dhana dhAnya Adi padArthaM parigraha nahIM prApta hote aura aisI hAlata meM jo
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________________ 7. 17.] parigraha kA sparUpa 326 sAdhu anya padArthoM ko rakhate hue bhI mUrchA rahita haiM unheM aparigrahI mAnA jAnA cAhiye ? samAdhAna-sUtrakAra ne parigraha pariNAmatrata ke atIcAra batalAte hue dhana dhanya Adi padArthoM ke atikramaNa karane ko usake atIcAra batalAye haiN| isase eka bAta kA to patA lagatA hI hai ki jahA~ sUtrakAra parigraha kA lakSaNa karate hue mUrchA ko parigraha batalAte haiM vahA~ usake tyAga kA upadeza dete hue ve bAhya padArtha dhana dhAnya Adi kA tyAga mukhyatA se karAnA cAhate haiN| yadi sUtrakAra kI isa varNanazailI para sUkSmatA se dhyAna diyA jAya to usase yaha bAta apane Apa phalita ho jAtI hai ki ve dhana dhAnya Adi bAhya padArthoM ko to parigraha mAnate hI rahe kyoMki mUrchA ke binA inakA sadbhAva bana nahIM sakatA, kintu inake abhAva meM bhI jo ina padArthoM kI Asakti hotI hai vaha bhI parigraha hai yaha batalAne ke liye unhoMne mUrchA ko parigraha kahA hai| mUrchA vyApaka hai aura dhana dhAnya Adi vyApya, yahI kAraNa hai ki sUtrakAra ne parigraha kA lakSaNa kahate samaya mUrchA para jora diyA hai kintu mUrchA kA tyAga bAhya vastuoM kA tyAga kiye binA ho nahIM sakatA, isaliye parigrahatyAgameM bAhya padArthoM ke tyAga para adhika jora diyA hai| isa sthiti meM pAtra aura vastradhArI sAdhu aparigrahI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| zaMkA-yadi aparigrahI sAdhuko vastra pAtra AdikA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai to isake samAna use pIchI aura kamaNDalu kA tyAga karanA bhI Avazyaka honA cAhiye ? samAdhAna-yadyapi sAdhu eka pIchI, kamaNDalu hI kyA vaha aNu mAtra bhI parigraha kA tyAgI hotA hai, anyathA vaha sakala parigrahakA tyAgI nahIM bana sakatA hai tathApi use jo pIchI kamaNDalu ke rakhane kI zAstrAjJA hai so vaha use apane upayoga ke liye nahIM hai kintu saMyama kI
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________________ 330 tattvArthasUtra [7. 17. rakSA ke liye inakA rakhA jAnA Avazyaka batalAyA hai / pIchI ke binA bhUmikA zodhana aura sUkSma jantuoMkA vAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura kamaNDalu ke binA mala mUtra ke visarjana ke bAda zuddhi nahIM kI jA sakatI hai, isaliye jaise zAstrajJAna kA sAdhana honese svAdhyAyake liye usakA grahaNa karanA parigraha meM sammilita nahIM hai vaise hI pIchI aura kamaNDalu saMyama ke pAlane meM sahAyaka honese upayoga ke liye unakA lenA bhI parigraha meM sammilita nahIM hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki sAdhu pIchI aura kamaNDalu ko svecchA se nahIM letA hai kintu saMyama kI rakSA ke liye ve hote haiM isaliye unheM rakhanA par3atA hai, isaliye unameM usakI mUrchA na hone se ve parigraha meM sammilita nahIM haiN| ____zaMkA--jaise saMyama ko rakSAke liye pochI aura kamaNDalu mAne gaye haiM vaise hI vastra aura pAtra Adi kA rakhA jAnA bhI Avazyaka hai yadi aisA mAna liyA jAya to kyA hAni hai ? ___samAdhAna-pochI aura kamaNDalu kA honA jitanA Avazyaka hai utanA vastra pAtra AdikA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai kyoM ki pAtra aura cIbara ke nahIM hone para bhI binA bAdhA ke sAdhu kA jIvana yApana ho sakatA hai| sAdhu ghara, strI, putra, kuTumbAdika kA tyAga isa liye karatA hai ki vaha pUrNa svAvalambana pUrvaka nirvikAra bhAva se apanA jIvana yApana kara sake kyoM ki usane usa mahAn vratakI dIkSA lI hai jisakA anya padArthoM kA saMyoga rahate hue nibha sakanA kabhI bhI sambhava nahIM hai| jaba ki vaha karma aura nokarma se pallA chur3Ane ke liye pratyakSa yuddha ke maidAna meM saphala yoddhA kI bhAMti utara AyA hai taba kyA usase aisI kriyAkA honA sambhava hai jo ise inase bAMdhe rhe| gRhasthI meM rahate hue pUrI taraha se yaha yuddha isaliye nahIM lar3A jA sakatA hai kyoM ki vahAM mamakAra aura ahaMkAra bhAvako protsAhana milatA rahatA hai
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________________ 7. 17.] parigraha kA svarUpa 331 jo ki saMsAra kI jar3a hai| gRhasthI ke tyAga kA upadeza isIliye diyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra jo mamakAra aura ahaMkAra bhAva gRhasthI ke rahate hue sambhava hai vahI bhAva vastra pAtra Adi ke hone para bhI hotA hai yahI kAraNa hai ki sAdhutvakI prApti ke liye unakA bhI tyAga karanA Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai| bAhya vastu meM raMcamAtra mUrchA ke rahate hue aMzataH bhI sAdhutva kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| sAdhutvakI prApti ke sAtha yaha eka krama hai jisase usake vastra pAtra Adi svayaM chUTa jAte haiN| isaliye inake tyAgakA upadeza diyA gayA hai|| __zaMkA-jaba ki zarIra para hai aura usase jaba taka isa AtmA kA sambandha banA huA hai taba taka zarIra kI rakSA ke liye yadi sAdhu AhArAdi ke samAna vastrAdi ko grahaNa karatA hai to ise usakI kamajorI kyoM samajhA jAtA hai| yadi svAvalambana pUrvaka jIvana bitAne ke liye tyAga karanA hI iSTa ho to sabakA tyAga honA cAhiye,anyathA Avazyaka vAhya padArthoM ke svIkAra karane meM Apatti hI kyA hai ? ___ samAdhAna-yahAM yaha dekhanA hai ki zarIra ke liye kyA Avazyaka hai ? bhojana aura pAnI to anAvazyaka mAnA nahIM jA sakatA hai aura yaha taba taka Avazyaka hai jaba taka zarIra ise svIkAra karatA hai| hAM jaba zarIra hI ise asvIkAra kara detA hai taba isakA tyAga karanA anucita nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra jaba ki zarIra ke liye bhojana aura pAnI Avazyaka ho jAte haiM to unake mala mUtra banane para unakA visarjana karanA bhI Avazyaka ho jAtA hai aura yaha visarjana kI kriyA vinA pAnI ke sampanna nahIM kI jA sakatI hai, isaliye pAnI ke liye kamaNDalu kA rakhanA bhI Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra jaba taka usake zarIra kA parigraha lagA huA hai taba taka usakA uThanA, baiThanA Adi kriyAoM kA kiyA jAnA bhI Avazyaka hai| yadyapi ye kriyAeM jamIna para kI jAtI haiM para vahAM yaha dekhanA hotA hai ki vaha
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________________ 332 tattvArthasUtra [7. 17. nirjantu to hai / prAyaH dekhA yaha jAtA hai ki sarvatra cIMTI Adi sUkSma jantuoM kA saMcAra hotA rahatA hai, isaliye unako dUra karane ke liye mRdu upakaraNa kA rakhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| ye usake saMyama se sambandha rakhanevAlI vastueM haiN| inake sivA aisI vastu nahIM dikhalAI detI jisake vinA zarIra kI rakSA na ho ske| bhojana to binA pAtra ke hI ho jAtA hai| gRhastha bhojana detA hai so vaha anya bAhya Alambana ke binA bhI liyA jA sakatA hai| sAdhuko svayaM bhojana nahIM banAnA par3atA jisase usake liye pAtrakA rakhanA Avazyaka mAnA jAya / vaha to use banA banAyA hI mila jAtA hai, isa liye binA pAtra ke bhI usakA kAma cala jAtA hai| jahAM sAdhutvake yogya bhojana milA vahIM le liyA, jaba itane se hI yaha kRtya pUrA ho jAtA hai taba kyA AvazyakatA hai ki sAdhu pAtra avazya rkhe| yaha to anAvazyaka saMcaya hai jisakA sahaja hI binA bAdhAke tyAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sAdhu ke liye pAtra rakhane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| aba vastroM ke sambandha meM vicAra kiijiye| kyA yaha Avazyaka hai ki sAdhukA vastroM ke binA cala nahIM sktaa| vastra rakhane ke do hI kAraNa ho sakate haiN| eka to apanI kamajorI ko chipAnA aura dUsare zarIra kI ashkttaa| kintu ye donoM hI kAraNa aise haiM jo sAdhutva ke virodhI haiN| sAdhuke jIvana meM na to aisI kamajorI hI zeSa rahatI hai jisase use vastra svIkAra karanA pdd'e| yaha gRhastha kI kamajorI hai jisase vaha vastrAdi ko svIkAra karatA hai| aura na usakA zarIra hI itanA azakta hotA hai jisake kAraNa vaha vastra rakhane ke liye bAdhya ho / bhalA sociye to ki jisane jIvana meM pUrNa svAvalambana kI dIkSA lI hai vaha zarIra ko asakta mAna kara usakA nirvAha kaise kara sakatA hai| yadi phira bhI vaha aisA karatA hai to kahanA cAhiye ki usane svAvalambana ke marma ko hI nahIM samajhA hai| prAyaH aise bahuta se garIba
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________________ 7. 17.] parigraha kA svarUpa 333 bhAI dekhane meM Ate haiM jinake zarIra para laMgoTI mAtra parigraha rahatA hai| yadi itane mAtra se unakA nirvAha ho jAtA hai to phira jo apane jIvana ke DhAMce ko hI badala denA cAhatA hai usakA vastra ke binA nirvAha na ho yaha kaisI viDambanA hai / saca to yaha hai ki sAdhu ke liye vastra kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava karanA apane jIvana se khela karane ke . samAna hai| mAnava prANI aura saba kucha kare para aisA na kare jisase usake jIvana meM vikAra ko protsAhana milatA ho| pazu pakSiyoM ko hI dekhiye / Akhira unake bhI to zarIra hai para kyA unheM bhojana pAnI ke samAna vastra kI AvazyakatAkA anubhava hotA hai ? kabhI nhiiN| isa taraha jaba pazu pakSiyoM kA vastra ke binA kAma cala jAtA hai to jisane sakala parigrahakA tyAga kiyA hai usakA vastra ke binA kAma na cale yaha mahadAzcarya kI bAta hai| yaha saba hama kisI vikAra bhAva se prerita hokara nahIM likha rahe haiN| kintu jIvana kI sahI AlocanA hai jo hameM aisA likhane ke liye bAdhya karatI hai| hama samajhate haiM ki itane vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sAdhu ke liye pAtra kI taraha vastrakI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isake bAda bhI yadi vastra kA Agraha kiyA jAtA hai taba hama kahate haiM ki to phira anya parigrahane kyA vigAr3A hai| yadi vastra ke samAna anya parigraha bhI rahA Ave to kyA hAni hai| para saca to yaha hai ki bAhya vastukA. sparza mAtra hI heya hai| usase jIvana meM vikalpa Aye binA rahatA nhiiN| yadyapi prArambha meM sAdhu ke pAsa pIchI kamaNDalu hote haiM para kabhI kabhI ve bhI jaba vikalpa ke kAraNa ho jAte haiM, ataeva Age cala kara unakA rahanA bhI jaba prazasta nahIM mAnA gayA hai taba phira vastrake rakhane kI kathA karanA hI vyartha hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sAdhuke liye vastra tyAgakA pUrNa vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra samIkSA karake dekhane para mAlUma par3atA hai ki sAdhu ke laye zarIra rakSArtha aura sAdhutva ke nirvAhArtha jaise AhAra
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [7. 17. pAnI tathA pIchI kamaNDalukA honA Avazyaka hai vaise vastra, pAtra Adi kA rakhanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| svAvalambana ke pUrNa abhyAsI ko yaha dekhanA hotA hai ki kama se kama AvazyakatAeM kyA haiM jinake binA cAlU jIvana ko yogyatA pUrvaka saMcAlita karanA kaThina hai| isake bAda anAvazyaka padArthoM ko vaha svayaM chor3a detA hai yaha bAta nahIM hai, kintu usake jIvana meM se utara jAne ke bAda ve svayaM chUTa jAte haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki vastra pAtrAdiko svIkAra karanA sAdhu ke jIvana kI kamajorI samajhI jAtI hai| kamajorI hI nahIM kintu isase usakA sAdhutva hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| isI liye usake jIvana meM inake tyAga kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| zaMkA-yadi aisI bAta hai to phira samayaprAbhRta meM pAkhaNDI liMga . aura nAnA prakAra ke gRhI liMgoM ko mokSa patha se bAhya kyoM batalAyA hai ? samAdhAna-vahAM inheM kevala Atma svarUpa samajhane kA niSedha kiyA hai| vyavahAra se to inheM vahAM svIkAra hI kiyA hai| vahAM likhA hai ki mokSa patha meM vyavahAra se muniliMga aura gRhasthaliMga the do hI liMga prayojaka mAne gaye haiN| eka nizcaya naya aisA hai jo mokSa patha meM kisI bhI liMga ko svIkAra nahIM karatA / so isakA yaha bhAva hai ki nizcaya se AtmapariNati hI prayojaka hai| kintu nimittanaimittika sambandha kI apekSA vicAra karane para jo nimitta jisa kArya kA prayojaka hai usakA vidhAna karanA Avazyaka hI hai| yaha ThIka hai ki antaraMga bhAva bAhya liMga para avalambita nahIM haiN| bAhyaliMga ke rahate hue bhI antaraMga bhAva nahIM hote / para jaba bhI antaraMga bhAva hote haiM taba ve bAhya liMgake sadbhAva meM hI hote haiN| yahI nimittanaimittika sambandha hai isa liye isakI upekSA kaise kI jA sakatI hai| zaMkA-bAhyaliMga kA antaraMga ke bhAvoMse jaba koI sambandha hI
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________________ 7. 17.] parigraha kA svarUpa 335 nahIM hai taba phira bAhyaliMga ko antaraMga pariNatikA nimitta mAnanA kaise ucita kahA jA sakatA hai ? samAdhAna-yaha to hai hI ki bAhyaliMga buddhipUrvaka svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, para antaraMga kI pariNati se usakA kucha bhI sambandha na ho yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI koI vAstavika pariNati ke hone para vaisA karate haiM aura koI usake abhAva meM bhI kevala DhoMgavaza vaisA karate haiN| isaliye yaha to hai ki bAhyaliMga antaraMga pariNati ke abhAva meM bhI ho jAtA hai para yaha nahIM hai ki sakala bAhya vastuoM ke Alambana ke tyAga kI bhAvanA to ho aura tadanukUla pravRtti bhI karane lage para bAhya vastuoM kA tyAga na kare, unheM pakar3e hI rahe arthAt unameM mamakAra aura ahaMkAra bhAva karatA hI jAya / zaMkA-koI sAdhu yadi vastra, pAtra Adi ko svecchA se svIkAra kare to eka bAta hai, para vaha aisA na karake zAstrAjJA se unheM svIkAra karatA hai isaliye sAdhu unameM mamakAra aura ahaMkAra bhAva karatA hai. yaha prazna hI nahIM uThatA ? samAdhAna-zAstra to vastu ke svabhAva kA nirdezamAtra karate haiN| unameM bhalA aisA vidhi vidhAna kaise ho sakatA hai jisakA AtmapariNati se mela nahIM baiThatA, isaliye zAstrAjJA ke nAma se jIvana meM aisI kamajorI lAnA ucita nahIM hai / __ zaMkA-to phira jina zAstroM meM aisA ullekha hai unheM kalpita mAnA jAya ? samAdhAna-yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve zAstra kalpita haiN| para itanA avazya hai ki sAdhu ko vastra pAtra Adi rakhane kA nirdeza karanevAle ullekha zramaNa paramparA ke pratikUla haiM, ataH ve tyAjya haiN| zaMkA-zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI zramaNa jaba ki pAtra 22
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________________ 336 tattvArthasUtra [7. 17. cIvara ko svIkAra karate the to ise zramaNa paramparA ke pratikUla kaise mAnA jAya ? samAdhAna yaha bAta nahIM hai| na to zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI zramaNa hI pAtra cIvara rakhate the aura na unake kAlavartI zramaNa hI aisA karate the| hA~ isake bAda ke ziSyoM meM paristhitivaza yaha doSa avazya A gayA hai jo aba taka cAlU hai| zaMkA-vaha paristhiti kyA thI ? samAdhAna-bAhya paristhiti kucha bhI rahI ho, antaraMga paristhiti to jIvana kI kamajorI hI hai| prArambha meM AI to kucha zramaNoM ke jIvana meM yaha kamajorI para isake bAda isane sampradAya kA hI rUpa le liyA hai aura isa sampradAya bheda ne jIvana ke kSetra meM kitanI vipamatA lA dI hai yaha anubhava karane kI vastu hai| eka ora jahA~ sAdhu pada ke bAda pAtra cIvaroM aura bAhya ADambaroM kI maryAdA bar3hatI hI jAtI hai aura sAtha hI isakI puSTi ke liye aparigrahavAda ke mUrtimAn pratIka jina mandiroM meM jina pratimAyeM bhI vividha alaMkAroM se sajAI jAto haiM vahA~ dUsarI ora isake pariNAma svarUpa zramaNasaMgha aneka bhAgoM meM baTa gayA hai jisase aparigrahabAda ke pracAra meM bar3I vAdhA upasthita hone lagI hai| eka prakAra se samasta zramaNasaMgha ne aparigrahavAda ko tilAJjali sI de dI hai| sarvatra dharmapracAra kI dhuna na hokara prabhAva jamAne kI dhuna hai / yadyapi isa pravRtti kA anta kahA~ hogA yaha to hama nahIM jAnate para itanA avazya jAnate haiM ki ye saba pravRttiyA~ zramaNa paramparA ke pratikUla haiN| inase vikArI AtmAoM ke jIvana meM parivartana lAnA kaThina hai| yadi svayaM zramaNajana yA unake anuyAyI itanA jAna leM ki dharma vikAroM ko protsAhana dene meM nahIM hai balki unake tyAga meM hai to bahuta sambhava hai ki ve apanI isa pravRtti ko chor3a deN|
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________________ 7. 18. ] vratI kA svarUpa 337 zaMkA- yadi apavAdarUpa meM zramaraNajana pAtra cIvara ko svIkAra karate haiM to isameM kyA Apatti hai ? samAdhAna- apavAdarUpa meM vastra, pAtra cyAdi ko svIkAra karane kA mArga khulA huA hai / para vaha jina liMga na hokara gRhastha liMga hI hai / jo apanI kamajorIvaza vastra pAtra Adi kI AvazyakatA anubhava karatA hai use cAhiye ki vaha gRhasthaliMga meM pratiSThita raha kara hI jIvana ye hue vikAroM ko dUra karane kA prayatna karatA rahe aura jaba itanI nirvikAra avasthA dekhe ki inake binA bhI usakA kAma cala sakatA hai taba vaha jina liMga ko svIkAra kara le // 17 // vratIkA svarUpa -- niHzalyo vratI // 18 // jo zalyarahita ho vaha vratI hai / pahale ahiMsA, satya, asteya Adi pA~ca vrata batalA Aye haiM, isapara se yaha khyAla hotA hai ki jo ina vratoM ko svIkAra karatA hai. vaha vratI hai; para saccA batI hone ke liye kevala ahiMsA Adi pA~ca vratoM ke svIkAra karanemAtra se kAma nahIM cala sakatA kintu isake liye use zalyoM kA tyAga karanA bhI Avazyaka hai / zalya bhItara hI bhItara pIr3A paidA karanevAlI vastu kA nAma hai / jaise kisI svastha manuSya ke pairoM meM kA~TA Adi ke cubha jAne para usake rahate huye vaha svAsthya kA anubhava nahIM kara pAtA vaise hI vratoM ke svIkAra kara lene para bhI zalya ke rahate hue koI bhI prANI vratI nahIM ho sakatA / vratoM kA svIkAra kara lenA aura bAta hai aura jIvana meM unako utAra lenA aura bAta hai / yaha taba taka sambhava nahIM jaba taka vratoM ko svIkAra kara lenevAle vyakti kI mAnasika sthiti ThIka na ho / mAnasika sthiti ko ThIka rakhane ke liye zalyoM kA tyAga karanA Ava
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [7. 19. zyaka hai tabhI vratAcaraNa meM ThIka taraha se pravRtti ho sakatI hai, isIliye yahA~ vratI hone ke liye zalyoM kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai| ve zalya tIna hai-mAyAzalya, nidAnazalya aura mithyAdarzanazalya / vratoM ke pAlana karane meM kapaTa, DhoMga athavA Thagane kI vRtti kA bane rahanA mAyA zalya hai| vratoM ke phalasvarUpa bhogoM kI lAlasA rakhanA nidAnazalya hai aura vratoM kA pAlana karate hue bhI satya para zraddhA na lAnA athavA asatya kA Agraha rakhanA mithyAdarzanazalya hai| ina tIna zalyoM ke rahate hue koI bhI prANI vratoM ko apane jIvana meM nahIM utAra pAtA, ve kevala usake liye ADambaramAtra bane rahate haiM, isaliye vratI hone ke liye vratoM ko svIkAra karane ke sAtha zalyoM kA tyAga karanA bhI Avazyaka hai yaha isa sUtra kA tAtparya hai // 18 // vatI ke bhedaagAryanagArazca // 19 // usake ( vratI ke ) agArI aura anagAra ye do bheda haiN| pahale vrata ke do bheda batalA Aye haiM-aNuvrata aura mahAvrata / isI hisAba se yahA~ vratI ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM agArI aura anagAra / yadyapi agAra kA artha ghara hai, isaliye agArI kA artha ghara vAlA hotA hai| kintu yahA~ agAra zabda sakala parigraha kA upalakSaNa hai jisase yaha artha hotA hai ki jisane parigraha kA pUrI taraha se tyAga nahIM kiyA hai vaha agArI hai| agArI arthAt gRhastha / tathA jisane ghara arthAt sakala parigraha kA pUrI taraha se tyAga kara diyA hai vaha anagAra hai / anagAra arthAt muni / zaMkA-bahuta se gRhastha ghara se mamatva pariNAma kA tyAga kiye binA ghara chor3akara vana meM nivAsa karane lagate haiM aura bahuta se muni
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________________ 7. 16.] vratI ke bheda 336 vasatikA Adi meM bhI nivAsa karate hue dekhe jAte haiM, isaliye jo ghara meM nivAsa kare vaha agArI aura jo ghara kA tyAga karake rahe vaha ananAra yaha artha to nahIM banatA ? samAdhAna-vAstava meM yahA~ agAra zabda se kevala miTTI kA ghara nahIM liyA gayA hai kintu isakA artha AtmA kA vaha pariNAma hai jo ghara Adi sakala parigraha ke tyAga meM pravRtta nahIM hone detA hai| aise pariNAma ke rahate hue yadi koI vyakti vana meM bhI nivAsa karane lagatA hai to vaha agArI hI hai aura isa pariNAma ke chUTa jAne para prasaMgavaza yadi koI vasatikA meM bhI nivAsa karatA hai to vaha anagAra hI hai| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to kyA miTTI kA gharoMdA aura kyA vana ye donoM hI mamatva pariNAmavAle ke liye ghara hI haiM aura jisakI mamatA naSTa ho gaI hai usake liye kyA ghara aura kyA vana ye donoM hI tyAjya haiN| para isakA yaha artha nahIM ki gharakA binA tyAga kiye bhI koI anagAra ho sakatA hai| tyAga aura grahaNa meM saMkalpa kI mukhyatA hai isaliye saMkalpapUrvaka tyAga to karanA hI hogaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki Agama meM muni ke liye tila tuSamAtra parigraha ke rakhane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| yaha kabhI sambhava nahIM ki parigraha kA tyAga to na kiyA jAve parantu usakI mUrchA naSTa ho jaay| hA~ yaha avazya sambhava hai ki parigraha kA tyAga bhI kara diyA jAya to bhI usakI mUrchA banI rahe, isaliye jo anagAra honA cAhatA hai usake liye sarvaprathama ghara Adi sakala parigraha kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka batalAyA hai| zaMkA-agArI ko vratI kahanA ucita nahIM, kyoM ki usake paripUrNa vrata nahIM pAye jAte ? samAdhAna-agArI sthUla dRSTi se vratI kahA jAtA hai| jaise koI vyakti zahara ke kisI eka hisse meM hI rahatA hai phira bhI usake sambandha meM 'vaha amuka zahara meM rahatA hai| aisA vyavahAra vizeSa kiyA jAtA
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________________ 340 tattvArthasUtra [7. 20-22. hai usI prakAra agArI ke paripUrNa vrata ke na hone para bhI vaha vratI kahA jAtA hai // 16 // __ agArI vatI kA vizeSa khulAsAaNuvrato'gArI // 20 // digdezAnarthadaNDaviratisAmAyikapoSadhopavAsopabhogapari - bhogaparimANAtithisaMvibhAgavatasampannazca // 21 // mAraNAntikIM sallekhanAM joSitA / / 22 // aNuvratoM kA dhArI agArI hai| vaha agArI digvirativrata, dezavirativrata, anarthadaNDavirativrata, sAmAyikavata, proSadhopavAsavrata, upabhogaparibhogaparimANavrata aura atithisaMvibhAgavata se bhI sampanna hotA hai| tathA vaha mAraNAntika sallekhanA kA bhI ArAdhaka hotA hai| pichale sUtra meM vratI ke agArI aura anagAra ye do bheda batalA Aye haiM unameM se agArI kA vizeSa khulAsA karane ke liye prastuta sUtroM kI racanA huI hai| joM ahiMsA Adi vratoM ko ekadeza pAlatA hai aisA gRhastha aNuvratoM kA dhArI zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| isake ye pA~coM aNuvrata mUlabata kahalAte haiM, kyoM ki tyAga kA prArambha inhIM se hotA hai| isake sivA ina vratoM kI rakSA ke liye gRhastha dUsare vratoM ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai jo uttara vrata kahalAte haiN| ve saMkhyA meM sAta haiN| isa prakAra ina vratoM se sampanna ho kara jo gRhastha apane jIvana ko vyatIta karatA hai vaha apane jIvana ke antima samaya meM eka vrata ko aura svIkAra karatA hai jise sallekhanA kahate haiN| isa prakAra ye kula vrata haiM jinase gRhastha suzobhita hotA hai| aba saMkSepa meM ina vratoM kA svarUpa batalAte haiM jo nimna prakAra hai|
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________________ 7. 20-22.] agArI vratI kA vizeSa khulAsA 341 trasa aura sthAvara saba prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga na ho sakane ke kAraNa jIvana bhara ke liye saGkalpI trasa hiMsA kA tyAga kara pA~ca aNuvrata va denA aura sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA tathA prArambha bhI yathA sambhava kama karate jAnA ahiMsANuvrata hai| bhayavaza, AzAvaza, snehavaza yA lobhavaza kama se kama aisA asatya nahIM bolanA jo gRhavinAza yA grAmavinAza kA kAraNa ho satyANuvrata hai| binA diye hue dUsare ke dravya ko nahIM lenA acauryANuvrata hai| apanI vivAhitA strI yA vivAhita purupa ke sivA zepa saba striyoM yA purupoM kI ora burI nigAha se nahIM dekhanA brahmacaryANuvrata hai tathA AvazyakatA ko kama karate hue jIvana bhara ke liye AvazyakatAnusAra dhanadhAnya Adi bAhya parigraha kA parimANa kara lenA parigraha parimANa aNuvrata hai| jIvana bhara ke liye apanI tyAgavRtti ke anusAra pUrva Adi sabhI dizAoM kI maryAdA nizcita karake usake bAhara dharmakArya ke sivA va anya nimitta se jAne Ane Adi rUpa kisI prakAra tIna guNavata kA vyApAra nahIM karanA digvirativrata hai| isa vrata meM eka bAra svIkRta dizAoM kI maryAdA ko kAlAntara meM ghaTAyA to jA sakatA hai para bar3hAnA kisI bhI hAlata meM sambhava nahIM hai| isameM bhI prayojana ke anusAra ghar3I, ghaNTA, dina, pakSa Adi ke hisAba se kSetra kA parimANa nizcita karake usake bAhara dharmakArya ke sivA anya nimitta se jAne Ane AdirUpa kisI bhI prakAra kA vyApAra nahIM karanA dezavirativrata hai| yadyapi yaha vrata niyata samaya ke liye liyA jAtA hai tathApi eka bAra svIkRta vrata kI kAlamaryAdA pUrI hone ke sAtha hI punaH dezamaryAdA kara lI jAtI hai| vratI kA binA dezamaryAdA ke eka kSaNa bhI nahIM jAtA hai, anyathA vratabhaGga kA doSa lagatA hai, isa prakAra paramparA se yaha vrata bhI jIvana bhara cAlU rahatA hai| prayojana
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________________ 342 tattvArthasUtra [7. 20-22. ke binA honevAlA nirarthaka vyApAra anarthadaNDa kahalAtA hai aura isakA tyAga kara denA anarthadaNDavirativrata hai| vratI zrAvaka jIvana meM aisA eka bhI kAma nahIM karatA hai jo binA prayojana kA ho aura aisA prasaGga pAne para vaha usase apane ko nirantara bacAtA rahatA hai, yaha anarthadaNDavirativrata ko svIkAra karane kA tAtparya hai| ina tIna vratoM kA pAlana karanA pA~ca aNuvratoM ke liye guNakArI hai, isaliye ye guNavrata kahe jAte haiN| - vivakSita kAla taka mana, vacana aura kAya samvandhI bAhya pravRtti se nivRtta hokara samatA pariNAmoM se ekatva kA abhyAsa karanA sAmAyika hai| isa abhyAsa meM NamokAra Adi padoM kA punaH ' punaH niyata uccAraNa karanA sahAyaka hone se vaha bhI sAmAyika hai / para sAmAyika meM zabdoccAraNa kI apekSA cintavana kI hI mukhyatA hai| parva dinoM meM paJcendriyoM ke viSayoM se nivRtta hokara cAra prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karanA proSadhopavAsa hai| isa avasara para apane zarIra kA saMskAra karanA, snAna karanA, sugandha lagAnA, mAlA pahinanA, AbhUSaNa pahinanA, vyApAra karanA yA ghara ke dUsare kAma karanA Adi samasta vyApAroM kA tyAga kara denA cAhiye aura caityAlaya, sAdhunivAsa yA upavAsagRha Adi ekAnta sthAna meM dharmakathA karate hue samaya bitAnA caahiye| bhojana, pAnI aura mAlA Adi upabhoga haiM tathA bichaunA, cArapAI aura vastrAbhUSaNa Adi paribhoga haiN| inakA nirantara AvazyakatA ko kama karate hue parimANa karate rahanA upabhoga-paribhoga-parimANavrata hai| isa vrata meM kevala upabhogaparibhoga kI vastueM badalatI rahatI haiM para hotA hai yaha jIvana bhara ke liye / jIvana kA aisA eka bhI kSaNa nahIM hotA jaba yaha vrata na ho / isa vrata ke dhArI ko aisI bahutasI vastue~ haiM jinakA vaha sadA ke liye tyAga kara detA hai| udAharaNArtha-vaha madhu, mAMsa aura madya kA kabhI
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________________ 7. 20-22.] agArI vratI kA vizeSa khulAsA 343. bhI sevana nahIM karatA, kyoMki inake nimitta se trasa jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai| isI prakAra vaha ketakI ke phUla aura adarakha, AlU va mUlI Adi kA bhI sevana nahIM karatA, kyoMki ve anantakAya hote haiM arthAt inameM eka eka zarIra ke Azraya se anantAnanta nigodiyA jIva nivAsa karate haiN| isI prakAra aura bhI azuci padArtha jaise gomUtra Adi unakA bhI sevana use nahIM karanA caahiye| vartamAna kAla meM jo videzI davAyeM hotI haiM jinake nirmANa kA ThIka taraha se patA nahIM calatA aura jinameM azuci padArthoM ke rahane kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai yA jo peya haiM unakA sevana karanA bhI isake liye niSiddha hai| apane dvArA nyAya se kamAye gaye dravya meM se saMyama kA upakArI bhojana va davAI Adi kA bhaktibhAvapUrvaka supAtra ko denA atithisaMvibhAga vrata hai| uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya ke bheda se supAtra tIna prakAra ke haiN| uttama supAtra muni haiM, madhyama supAtra vratI gRhastha haiM aura jaghanya supAtra avratI zrAvaka haiN| yadyapi vartamAna kAla meM dAna kI bahutasI paramparAyeM pracalita ho rahI haiM tathApi supAtra ko zraddhApUrvaka AhAra dene kI paramparA prAyaH zithilasI hotI jA rahI hai| aba to kisI bhI gA~va meM avratI zrAvaka kI bAta jAne dIjiye vratI zrAvaka ke A jAne para bhI usako AhAra ke liye ghara ghara ghUmanA par3atA hai| usameM bhI bar3I kaThinAI se koI zrAvaka AhAra karAne ke liye udyata hotA hai| isake do kAraNa haiM, eka to loga tyAga-dharma ke mahattva ko bhUlate jA rahe haiN| dUsare jo tyAgadharma ke sammukha hote haiM unameM bhI bahuta kucha truTiyA~ praviSTa ho cukI haiM jisase gRhasthoM kI unake prati zraddhA utpanna nahIM hotii| vastutaH ina donoM meM saMzodhana kI AvazyakatA hai aura samaya rahate isa viSaya para dhyAna jAnA cAhiye, anyathA isa paramparA ke zithila ho jAne se vratI janoM kI paramparA hI samApta ho jAne kI sambhAvanA hai| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to dharmatattva sadAcAra meM hI
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________________ 344 tattvArthasUtra [7. 20-22. samAyA huA hai tattvajJAna to usakA poSaka bhAga hai| isaliye sadAcAra ko sthira rakhane ke liye atithisaMvibhAgavata ke pAlana karane para dRr3hatA se jora denA Avazyaka hai| ina cAra vratoM se tyAgadharma kI zikSA milatI hai isaliye ye zikSAvrata kahalAte haiN| jaba koI avratI zrAvaka vratI hokara jIvana vyatIta karanA cAhatA hai to use ina bAraha vratoM kA svIkAra karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| nyUnAdhika pramANa meM ina bAraha vratoM kA yA inake sahakArI anya vratoM kA pAlana karanevAlA gRhastha vratI zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra vratoM ke sAtha jIvana vyatIta karatA huA jo zrAvaka samAdhipUrvaka maranA cAhatA hai vaha jIvana ke antima samaya meM sallekhanA vrata ko dhAraNa karatA hai| bhale prakAra se kAya aura kaSAya kA kRza karanA , sallekhanA hai / jIvana ke anta meM jaba yaha prANI dekhatA hai ki merI yaha paryAya chUTanevAlI hai to vaha usase tathA apane dUsare parikaroM se apanA rAga ghaTAne kA prayatna karatA hai para yaha bAta yoM hI sahaja sAdhya nahIM hai kintu isake liye bar3e bhArI prayatna kI AvazyakatA hai| isake liye ise kuTumba Adi se mamatva ghaTAkara anta meM deha, AhAra aura Ihita kA tyAga karate hue AtmadhyAna meM apane ko juTAnA par3atA hai taba kahIM samAdhipUrvaka maraNa prApta hotA hai| yaha vrata maraNa se pUrva maraNa taka liyA jAtA hai isaliye isako mAraNAntikI sallekhanA kahate haiM / yaha vrata muni aura zrAvaka donoM ke liye batalAyA hai| prakRta meM gRhasthadharma kA prakaraNa hone se unheM isakA ArAdhaka batalAyA gayA hai| zaGkA-isa vrata kA dhArI vyakti krama se AhAra pAnI kA tyAga karake zarIra kA visarjana karatA hai, yaha to svavadha hI hai aura svavadha tathA svahiMsA meM koI antara nahIM, isaliye ise vrata mAnanA ucita nahIM hai ? .
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________________ 7. 20-22.] agArI vratI kA vizepa khulAsA 345 samAdhAna-rAga, dveSa yA mohavaza viSa, zastrAdi dvArA apanA nAza karanA svavadha hai| yaha bAta sallekhanA meM nahIM dekhI jAtI isaliye ise svavadha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / sallekhanA vrata tabhI liyA jAtA hai jaba lenevAlA anya kAraNoM se nikaTa bhaviSya meM apane jIvana kA anta samajha letA hai| jaise vyApArI apane mAla kI hara prakAra se rakSA karatA hai aura usake vinAza ke kAraNa upasthita ho jAne para vaha unako dUra karane kA prayatna karatA hai| itane para bhI yadi vaha sabakI rakSA karane meM apane ko asamartha pAtA hai to usameM jo bahumUlya vastu hotI hai, usakI sarvaprathama rakSA karatA hai isI prakAra gRhastha bhI vrata aura zIla ke samucita rIti se pAlana karane ke liye zarIra kA nAza nahIM karanA caahtaa| yadA kadAcit zarIra ke vinAza ke kAraNa upasthita ho jAne para vaha unako dUra karane kA prayatna karatA hai| itane para bhI yadi vaha dekhatA hai ki maiM zarIra kI rakSA nahIM kara sakatA to vaha apane AtmA kI uttama prakAra se rakSA karate hue arthAt AtmA ko rAga, dveSa aura moha se bacAte hue zarIra kA tyAga karatA hai isaliye isa sallekhanA vrata ko svahiMsA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| zaMkA-jalasamAdhi, agnipAta Adi aneka prathAyeM anya sampradAyoM meM pracalita haiM unameM aura sallekhanA meM kyA antara hai ? samAdhAna-jaba yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki merA maraNa atinikaTa hai naba sallekhanA vrata liyA jAtA hai so bhI vaha zarIrAdi bAhya padArthoM se rAga, dvepa aura moha ko kama karane ke liye hI liyA jAtA hai, kucha akAla meM marane ke liye nahIM, kintu yaha bAta jalasamAdhi aura agnipAta Adi prathAoM meM nahIM dekhI jAtI isaliye unameM aura sallekhanA meM bar3A antara hai / sallekhanA spaSTataH AtmazuddhikA eka prakAra hai jaba ki jalasamAdhi Adi spaSTataH AtmaghAta haiN| mAnA ki jalasamAdhi Adi meM arpaNa kI bhAvanA kAma karatI hai para yaha kSaNika udvega hone se eka to anta
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [7. 23. taka Tikato nahIM aura dUsare jise yaha arpaNa kiyA jAtA hai, upakAraka rUpa se usakA satya jagata meM koI sthAna nahIM, isaliye jalasamAdhi Adi prakAra mUlataH hI sadoSa haiM aisA mAna lenA caahiye| ___ antima sUtra kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba jIvana kA nikaTa mAlUma ho tabhI dharma aura Avazyaka kartavyoM kI rakSA ke liye tathA bAhya padArthoM se mamatA ghaTAne ke liye sallekhanA vrata liyA jAtA hai| isa vrata ko pAlate hue durdhyAna na hone pAve isakA pUrA dhyAna rakhanA par3atA hai, kyoMki durdhyAna se maranA hI AtmaghAta hai kintu sallekhanA vrata AtmaghAta se prANI kI rakSA karatA hai / 20-22 samyagdarzana ke aticArazaGkAkAGkSAvicikitsAnyadRSTiprazaMsAsaMstavAH samyagdRSTe. ratIvArAH // 23 // ___ zaMkA, kAkSA, vicikitsA, anyadRSTiprazaMsA aura anyadRSTisaMstava ye samyagdarzana ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN|| jisase vrata kA nAza na hokara vrata meM doSa lage arthAt jisa kAraNa se vrata malina ho use atIcAra kahate haiN| aisA koI guNa yA vrata nahIM jo sadAkAla ekasA ujjvala banA rahe / bAhya nimitta aura pariNAmoM kI nirmalatA aura anirmalatA ke kAraNa guNa yA vrata meM bhI nirmalatA aura animalatA utpanna huA karatI hai| yahA~ utpanna huI yahI anirmalatA hI atIcAra haiN| atIcAra kA artha hai ekadeza vrata kA bhNg| yahA~ sarva prathama samyagdarzana ke atIcAra batalAye haiM, kyoMki isa guNa ke sadbhAva meM hI aura saba vrata niyamoM kA prApta honA sambhava hai| ve atIcAra pA~ca haiM jinakA khulAsA isa prakAra hai 1-dharma meM dIkSita hone ke bAda usake mUla AdhAra bhUta sUkSma aura atIndriya padArthoM ke viSaya meM zaMkA karanA ki 'inakA svarUpa
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________________ 7. 23.] samyagdarzana ke atIcAra 347 isa prakAra hai yA nahIM' zaGkA atIcAra hai| aise jIva ke dharma ke tyAgane kI to icchA nahIM hotI balki usake svIkAra kare rahane meM aneka guNa dikhAI dete haiM, isaliye to samyagdarzana kA mUloccheda nahIM huA kintu dharma ke jo mUlAdhAra haiM unake viSaya meM zaMkA utpanna ho gaI, isaliye yaha samyagdarzana kA zaMkA nAma kA atIcAra huaa| yadyapi tattvajJAna meM parIkSA dvArA kisI vastu ke nirNaya karane kA pUrA avasara hai tathApi kevala yuktidvArA hI pratyeka vastu ke nirNaya karane kA prayatna karanA aura anubhava tathA Agama ko pradhAnatA na denA iSTa nahIM yaha isakA tAtparya hai| sAdhaka pratyeka padArtha ke nirNaya meM takakA sahArA to letA hI hai para jo padArtha kevala zraddhAgamya haiM vahA~ vaha tarka ko pramukhatA nahIM detA kintu zraddhA ke AdhAra se jIvana ke nirmANa meM laga jAtA hai| phira ise uddiSTa patha se bhraSTa karanevAlA kisI kA bhaya, nahIM rahatA / vaha nirbhaya hokara apane sunizcita mArga para agresara hotA jAtA hai| 2-aihika aura pAralaukika viSayoM kI abhilASA karanA kAMkSA atocAra hai| yadyapi dharma kA mukhyaphala Atmazuddhi hai aura dharma kA sevana karate hue sAdhaka kI dRSTi sadA isI para rahanI cAhiye, kintu dharmAcaraNa karate hue usase sAMsArika viSayoM kI vAMchA karanA uddezya bhraSTa honA hai, isaliye sasyagdarzana kA dUsarA atIcAra kAMkSA mAnA gayA hai| 3---vicakitsA kA artha kucodya karanA hai / matabheda yA vicArabheda kA prasaMga upasthita hone para Agama pramANa ke AdhAra se buddhigamya yA tarkasiddha bAta ko na mAnakara apanI jida para kAyama rahanA aura uttarottara kucodya karate jAnA vicikitsA hai| yA Apta, Agama, padArtha aura saMyamake AdhAra ke viSayameM jugupsA karanA vicikitsA hai| isa doSa ke kAraNa uttarottara asatya kA Agraha bar3hatA jAtA hai aura
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________________ 348 tattvArthasUtra [7. 24-27. anta meM usakai pathabhraSTa hone kI bhI sambhAvanA rahatI hai, isaliye ise samyagdarzana kA atIcAra batalAyA hai| 4-5-jinakI dRSTi Aheta tattvajJAna para sthira nahIM rahatI yA usase viparIta mArga kA anusaraNa karatI hai unakI prazaMsA karanA anya dRSTi prazaMsA hai aura unakI yA unake sadbhUta aura asadbhata guNoM ko stuti karanA anyadRSTisaMstava hai| aisA karane se kadAcit sAdhaka apane mArga se skhalita hokara anya mArgakA anusaraNa karane lagatA hai, isaliye ye donoM samyagdarzana ke atIcAra batalAye gaye haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki dhArmikatA yA mokSamArga kI dRSTi se anya kI prazaMsA aura stuti karanA ucita nahIM, kyoMki aisA karane se samyagdarzana malina hotA hai| __ ye samyagdarzana ke pA~ca atIcAra haiM, samyagdRSTi ke liye jinakA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai| zaMkA-prazaMsA aura saMstava meM kyA antara hai ? samAdhAna-prazaMsA mana se kI jAtI hai aura stuti bacana se yahI ina donoM meM antara hai // 23 // vrata aura zIla ke atIcAroM kI saMkhyA aura krama se unakA nirdezavratazIleSu paJca paJca yathAkramam // 24 // bandhavadhacchedAtibhArAropaNAnapAnanirodhAH // 25 // mithyopadezarahobhyAkhyAnakUTalekhakriyAnyAsApahArasAkAramantrabhedAH // 26 // stenaprayogatadAhRtAdAnaviruddharAjyAtikramahInAdhikamAno - nmAnapratirUpakavyavahArAH // 27 //
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________________ 346 7, 24-37.] vrata aura zIla ke atIcAra paravivAhakaraNetvarikAparigRhItAparigRhItAgamanAnaGgakrIDAkAmatIvAbhinivezAH // 28 // kssetrvaastuhirnnysuvrnndhndhaanydaasiidaaskupytrmaannaatikrmaaH|| 29 // uurdhvaadhstirygvytikrmkssetrvRddhismRtyntraadhaanaani||30|| AnayanapreSyaprayogazabdarUpAnupAtapudgalakSepAH // 31 // kandarpakautkucyamaukharyAsamIkSyAdhikaraNopabhogaparibhogAnarthakyAni // 32 // yogaduSpraNidhAnAnAdarasmRtyanupasthAnAni // 33 // apratyavekSitApramArjitotsargAdAnasaMstaropakramaNAnAdarasmRtyanupasthAnAni // 34 // sacittasambandhasaMmizrAbhiSavaduHpakvAhArAH / / 35 / / scittnikssepaapidhaanprvypdeshmaatsrykaalaatikrmaaH|36| jIvitamaraNAzaMsAmitrAnurAgasukhAnuvandhanidAnAni // 37 // bratoM aura zIloM meM pA~ca pA~ca atIcAra hote haiM jo krama se isa prakAra haiM____ bandha, vadha, cheda, atibhAra kA AropaNa aura annapAna kA nirodha ye ahiMsANuvrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| mithyopadeza, rahobhyAkhyAna, kUTalekhakriyA, nyAsApahAra aura 'sAkAramantrabheda ye satyANuvrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| stanaprayoga, stena-AhRtAdAna, viruddharAjyAtikrama, hInAdhikamAnonmAna aura pratirUpakavyavahAra ye acauryANuvrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN|
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________________ 350 tattvArthasUtra [7. 24-37. paravivAhakaraNa, itvarikAparigRhItAgamana, itvarikA aparigRhItAgamana,anaMgakrIr3A aura kAmatIbrAbhiniveza ye brahmacaryANuvrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| kSetra aura vAstu ke pramANa kA atikrama, hiraNya aura suvarNa ke pramANa kA atikrama, dhana aura dhAnya ke pramANa kA atikrama, dAsI aura dAsa ke pramANa kA atikrama tathA kupya ke pramANa kA atikrama ye parigrahaparimANavata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| ' Urdhvavyatikrama, adhovyatikrama, tiryagvyatikrama, kSetravRddhi aura smRtyantarAdhAna ye digvirativrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| Anayana, preSyaprayoga, zabdAnupAta, rUpAnupAta aura pudgalakSepa ye dezavirativrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| ___ kandarpa, kautkucya, maukharya, asamIkSyAdhikaraNa aura upabhogaparibhogAnarthakya ye anarthadaNDavirativrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| kAyaduSpraNidhAna, vacanaduSpraNidhAna, manoduSpraNidhAna, anAdara aura smRtyanupasthAna ye sAmAyika vrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| apratyavekSita-apramArjita utsarga, apratyavekSita-apramArjita AdAna, apratyavekSita-apramArjita saMstaropakramaNa, anAdara aura smRtyanupasthAna ye proSadhopavAsa vrata ke pA~ca pratIcAra haiN|| sacittAhAra, sacittasambandhAhAra, sacittasaMmizrAhAra, abhiSava AhAra aura duSpakAhAra ye upabhogaparibhogaparimANa vrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| sacitta-nikSepa, sacittApidhAna, paravyapadeza, mAtsarya aura kAlAtikrama ye atithisaMvibhAgabata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| jIvitAzaMsA, maraNAzaMsA, mitrAnurAga, sukhAnubandha aura nidAna ye mAraNAntika sallekhanA ke pA~ca atocAra haiN|
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________________ 351 7. 24-37.] vrata aura zIla ke atIcAra abhiprAyapUrvaka liye gaye niyama ko vrata kahate haiN| yadyapi vrata kA yaha lakSaNa zrAvaka ke sabhI vratoM meM pAyA jAtA hai tathApi ahiMsA Adi pA~ca ko vrata aura digvirati Adi sAta ko zIla kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki ahiMsA Adi pA~ca mUlabhUta vrata haiM isaliye ye vrata zabda dvArA kahe gaye haiM aura digvirati Adi sAta ina vratoM kI rakSA ke liye haiM isaliye ye zIla zabda dvArA kahe gaye haiN| yahA~ ina sabhI vratoM aura zIloM ke pA~ca pA~ca atIcAra ginAye haiN| atIcAra yadyapi nyUnAdhika bhI ho sakate haiM tathApi madhyama parimANa kI dRSTi se saba ke pA~ca pA~ca atIcAra batalAye haiM jinakA khulAsA isa prakAra hai kisI bhI prANI ko isa prakAra bA~dhakara yA rokakara rakhanA jisase vaha abhimata deza meM na jA sake bandha hai| DaNDA, cAvuka yA beta Adi ahiMsANuvrata ke ke se prahAra karanA vadha hai| kAna, nAka Adi avayavoM " kA chedanA cheda hai| zakti aura maryAdA kA vicAra atIcAra na karake adhika bojhA lAdanA atibhArAropaNa hai| khAnapAna meM rukAvaTa DAlanA yA samaya para na denA annapAnanirodha hai| ahiMsANuvratadhArI zrAvaka ko ina doSoM se sadA bacate rahanA cAhiye, kyoMki ina doSoM ke sevana karane se ahiMsoNuvrata malina hotA hai / yadA kadAcit kartavyavaza inakA sevana karanA bhI par3e to komala bhAva se kAma lenA cAhiye, durbhAva se to inakA kabhI bhI sevana na kre| sanmArga meM lage hue kisI ko bhramavaza anya mArga para le jAne kA upadeza karanA mithyopadeza hai| jaise kisI ne AlU Adi jamIkanda satyANuvata ke ra khAne kA tyAga kara rakhA hai para use yaha samajhA atIcAra kara ki AlU Adi anantakAya nahIM haiM, unake khAne meM punaH pravRtta karanA mithyopadeza hai| yadi aisA upadeza nAsamajho se diyA jAtA hai to vaha atIcAra hai aura jAnabUjha kara 23
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________________ 352 tattvArthasUtra [7. 24-37. diyA jAtA hai to anAcAra hai| jhUThI gavAhI denA yA dUsare kA apavAda karanA yaha saba bhI mithyopadeza hI hai| satyANuvratI ko isakA bhI tyAga karanA cAhiye / gupta bAta kA prakaTa karanA raho'bhyAkhyAna hai| jaise kisI strI puruSa dvArA ekAnta meM kiye gaye AcaraNa vizepa kA prakaTa kara denA raho'bhyAkhyAna hai / yadyapi dUsare ne kucha nahIM kahA hai tathApi anya kisI kI preraNA se 'usane aisA kahA yA kiyA hai' isa prakAra jhUThA lekha karanA kUTalekhakriyA hai| koI dharohara rakha kara bhUla gayA to usakI isa bhUla kA lAbha uThA kara dharohara ke bhUle huye aMza ko hajama karane ke uddezya se kahanA ki hA~ jitanI dharohara tuma bola rahe ho utanI hI rakhI thI nyAsApahAra hai| ceSTA Adi dvArA dUsare ke abhiprAya ko jAnakara IrSyAvaza usakA prakaTa kara denA sAkAramantrabheda hai| ye satyANuvrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiM kyoMki aisA karane se satyavrata malina hotA hai| corI karane ke liye kisI ko svayaM prerita karanA, dUsare se preraNA acauryANuvrata ke .. karAnA yA aise kArya meM sammata rahanA stenaprayoga hai| apanI preraNA yA sammati ke binA kisI ke asA dAga corI karake lAI haI dravya kA le lenA stena AhRtAdAna hai| rAjya meM viplava hone para honAdhika mAna se vastuoM kA AdAna pradAna karanA viruddharAjyAtikrama hai| udAharaNArtha-yuddhakAla meM yA usake bAda aba jo bleka mArkeTa cala rahA hai yaha saba viruddha rAjyAtikrama hai| isI prakAra rAjya niyamoM kA ullaMghana karake jo vastuoM kA AdAna-pradAna kiyA jAtA hai yA munAphA karake bhaya se munAphA Adi chipAyA jAtA hai vaha bhI viruddharAjyAtikrama hai| mApane yA taulane ke nyUnAdhika vA~ToM se dena lena karanA hInAdhika mAnonmAna hai| tathA asalI ke badale nakalI vastu calAnA yA asalI meM nakalI vastu milAkara usakA calana cAlU karanA pratirUpakavyavahAra
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________________ 7. 24-37.] vrata aura zIla ke atIcAra 353 hai| Ajakala nakalI motI, nakalI ghI Adi bahuta sI vastue~ cala par3I haiN| inheM asalI kaha kara becanA yA asalI meM milA kara becanA pratirUpakavyavahAra kA udAharaNa hai| ye acauryANuvrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiM kyoMki inase cauyakarma ko protsAhana milatA hai| jinakA vivAha karanA apane gRhattha kartavya meM sammilita nahIM brahmacaryANuvrata ke hai unakA snehavaza vivAha karanA paravivAhakaraNa - hai| jisakA pati maujUda hai kintu jo puMzcalI hai atIcAra usakA (niyata kAla taka svastrI mAna kara) sevana karanA itvarikAparigRhItAgamana hai| jo vezyA hai yA jo anAtha hotI huI puMzcalI hai usakA (niyata kAla taka svastrI mAna kara ) sevana karanA itvarikA aparigrahItAgamana hai| kAma ke aGga yoni aura liGga haiM inake sivA anya aGgoM se krIr3A karanA anaMgakrIr3A hai| aisA karanA asvAbhAvika aura sRSTi viruddha hone se savathA vajya hai| kAmaviSayaka atizaya pariNAmoM kA honA, usake sivA anya kAryoM kA nahIM rucanA kAmatIvrAbhiniveza hai| vartamAna kAla meM jo nATaka sinemA Adi meM atizaya Asakti dekhI jAtI hai vaha kAmaviSayaka tIvra abhilASA kA hI pariNAma hai| isase brahmacarya ko gaharA dhakkA laga kara janatA ke svAsthya aura saundarya kI gaharI hAni ho rahI hai aura uttarottara asadAcAra kI vRddhi meM sahAyatA milatI hai| aise bahuta hI kama loga haiM jo zikSA kI dRSTi se sinemA dekhane jAte haiN| yA sinemA bhI aise bahuta hI kama rahate haiM jo zikSA kI dRSTi se dikhalAye jAte haiN| adhikatara sinemAoM kA prayojana citta ko vicalita karanA rahatA hai| isase janatA andhI hokara pataGgoM kI taraha unake jAla meM phasatI rahatI hai| isase deza kI jo hAni ho rahI hai vaha avarNanIya hai| pratyeka sadgRhastha kA kartavya hai ki vaha svayaM ko va apane bAla-baccoM ko isa asat pravRtti se roke|
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [7. 24-37. jo jamIna khetI bAr3I ke kAma AtI hai vaha kSetra kahalAtI haiM aura ghara Adi ko vAstu kahate haiN| inakA jitanA parigrahaparimANavata " pramANa nizcita kiyA ho lobha meM Akara usa pramANa ra kA ullaMghana karanA kSetravAstupramANAtikrama hai| udAharaNArtha-kisI ne eka kheta aura eka makAna kA niyama liyA hai| kintu kAlAntara meM kheta ke pAsa dUsarA kheta aura makAna ke pAsa dUsarA makAna mila gayA to donoM khetoM ke bIca kI mer3ha aura donoM / makAnoM ke bIca kI bhIta ko tor3akara unakI saMkhyA eka eka kara lenA kSetravAstupramANAtikrama hai / vrata lete samaya cA~dI aura sone kA jo pramANa nizcita kiyA ho usakA ullaMghana karanA hiraNyasuvarNapramANAtikrama hai| udAharaNArtha-kisI ne vartamAna meM maujUda cA~dI ke bIsa gahane aura sone ke dasa gahane rakhane kA niyama liyA kintu kAlAntara . meM atirikta cA~dI va sonA ke mila jAne para use una gahanoM meM DalavAte jAnA yA jaba taka cA~dI aura sonA adhika ho taba taka use dharohara ke rUpa meM yA iSTa mitroM ke yahA~ rakha AnA hiraNyasuvarNapramANAtikrama hai| gAya, bheMsa Adi pazu dhana aura cAvala, gehU~ Adi dhAnya inake svakRta pramANa kA ullaMghana karanA dhanadhAnyapramANAtikrama hai| udAharaNArtha-kisI ne pA~ca gAya rakhane kA niyama liyA aura usake pAsa pA~ca gAya haiM bhI kintu unake garbha raha jAne para unheM usI prakAra rakhe rahanA dhanapramANAtikrama hai| isI prakAra dhAnya ke pramANa ke adhika ho jAne para adhika dhAnya ko apane yahA~ na rakhakara use anya ke yahA~ hI rahane denA dhAnyapramANAtikrama hai| pUrvakAla meM bhArata varSa meM bhI dAsI dAsa kI prathA pracalita thI aura jo jitane adhika dAsI dAsa rakhatA thA vaha utanA hI bar3A AdamI samajhA jAtA thaa| vaha prathA bahuta kucha aMza meM banda hokara naukara cAkara rakhane ko paddhati cAlU huI hai| dAsI-dAsa apanI jAyadAda samajhe jAte the kintu naukara
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________________ 7. 24--37.] vrata aura zIla ke atIcAra 355 cAkara jAyadAda meM parigaNita nahIM kiye jAte, ataH vartamAna kAla ke anusAra dAsodAsapramANAtikrama kA artha yaha hotA hai ki jisake yahA~ jitane naukara cAkara hoM unakI saMkhyA bar3hAne kI bhAvanA rakhanA aura unake sAtha mAnavocita vyavahAra na kara unheM apanI jAyadAda samajhanA dAsIdAsapramANAtikrama hai| vastroM aura vartanoM Adi kA pramANa nizcita karake milA kara usake pramANa kA ullaMghana karanA kupyapramANAtikrama hai| ye parigrahaparimANavata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| ___ Upara kitanA jAya~ge isakA pramANa nizcita karane ke bAda parvata para car3hakara yA vimAna Adi kI savArI dvArA lobhAdivaza usa pramANa kA digvirati vrata ke ra ullaMghana karanA Urdhvavyatikrama hai| isI prakAra nIce, la vAvar3I, kUpa aura khadAna Adi meM jAne aura tirache atIcAra bila Adi meM jAne kA pramANa nizcita karake lobhA. divaza usakA ullaMghana karanA kramazaH adhovyatikrama aura tiryagvyatikrama hai| cAroM dizAoM aura cAroM vidizAoM meM jAne kA amuka pramANa nizcita kiyA parantu kisI eka dizA meM maryAdA ke bAhara jAne kA prasaMga upasthita hone para usa dizA meM maryAdA ke bAhara calA jAnA aura dUsarI dizA meM utanA hI kama jAne kA pramANa rakhanA kSetravRddhi hai| tathA nizcita kI huI kSetra kI maryAdA ko bhUla jAnA smRtyantarAdhAna hai| ye pA~ca digvirati vrata ke atIcAra haiN|| svayaM maryAdA ke bhItara rahakara dUsare vyakti se 'amuka vastu le Ao' yaha kaha kara maryAdA ke bAhara se kisI vastu ko bulAnA Ana ra yana hai| maryAdA ke bAhara na svayaM jAnA aura na deza dUsare ko bhejanA kintu naukara Adi ko AjJA dekara - vahA~ baiThe biThAe kAma karA lenA preSyaprayoga hai| yadi maryAdA ke bAhara sthita kisI vyakti se kAma lenA ho to khA~sanA, tAlI pITanA aura cuTakI bajAnA Adi zabdAnupAta hai| isI prakAra atIcAra
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________________ 356 tattvArthasUtra . [7. 24-37. zabda binA bole ukta prayojanavaza kevala AkRti dikhAkara saMketa karanA rUpAnupAta hai| tathA maryAdA ke bAhara sthita vyakti ko apane pAsa bulAne ke liye yA usase koI kAma lene ke liye maryAdA ke bAhara kaMkar3a, DhelA Adi pheMkanA pudgalakSepa hai| ye dezavirati vrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| zaMkA-pIche jo digdirati vrata ke atIcAra batalA Aye haiM ve dezavirativrata meM bhI sambhava haiM aura isI prakAra jo dezavirati vrata ke atIcAra batalAye gaye haiM ve digvirativrata meM bhI sambhava haiN| phira ina donoM vratoM ke atIcAra bhinna bhinna prakAra se kyoM batalAye gaye haiM ? samAdhAna digvirativrata sArvakAlika hotA hai aura dezavirati bata sAvakAlika hokara bhI samaya samaya para badalatA rahatA hai| isaliye digvirativrata meM kSetra kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana prAyaH ajJAnavaza yA vismRtivaza hotA hai kintu dezavirativrata meM aisI vismRti yA ajJAna bahuta hI kama sambhava hai| yahA~ adhikatara lobha yA snehavaza vratI zrAvaka kSetra kI maryAdA kA gamanAgamana dvArA svayaM ullaMghana na karake maryAdA ke bAhara se kAma nikAlanA cAhatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ina donoM zIloM ke atIcAra bhinna-bhinna prakAra se batalAye gaye haiN| rAgavaza parihAsa ke sAtha asabhya bhASaNa karanA kandarpa hai| parihAsa va asabhya bhASaNa ke sAtha hI sAtha dUsare ko lakSya karake zArI rika kuceSTAe~ karanA kautkucya hai| dhRSTatA se binA - prayojana ke bahuta pralApa karanA maukhaya hai| apanI vrata ke atIcAra ra AvazyakatA kA vicAra na karake adhika kArya karanA asamIkSyAdhikaraNa hai| jitane se bhogopabhoga kA kAma cala jAya usase adhika vastra, AbhUSaNa aura tAmbUla Adi rakhanA va unakA vyaya karanA upabhogaparibhogAnarthakya hai| ye anarthadaNDavirativrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| sAmAyika karate samaya hAtha, paira Adi zarIra ke avayavoM ko
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________________ 7. 24-37.] vrata aura zIla ke atIcAra nizcala na rakhakara vyartha hI calAte rahanA, nIMda kA jhokA lenA, kabhI sAmAyikavata ke hai kamara ko sIdhI karanA aura kabhI jhukA denA tathA " kabhI A~khoM kA kholanA aura kabhI banda karanA atIcAra Adi kAyaduSpraNidhAna hai| sAmAyika karate samaya gunagunAne laganA Adi vacanaduSpraNidhAna hai| isI prakAra manameM anya vikalpa le AnA, kisI kA bhalA-burA vicArane laganA, mana ko ghara gRhasthI ke kAma meM phasA rakhanA manoduSpraNidhAna hai| sAmAyika meM utsAha kA na honA arthAt sAmAyika kA samaya hone para bhI usameM pravRtta na honA yA jyoM tyoM kara sAmAyika ko pUrA karanA anAdara hai| ekAgratA na hone se sAmAyika kI smRti na rahanA smRtyanupasthAna hai| ye sAmAyika vrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| ____ jIva jantu ko binA dekhe aura komala upakaraNa se binA pramArjana kiye hI mala, mUtra aura zleSma Adi kA jahA~ tahA~ tyAganA apratyaproSadhopavAsa vata ke vekSitApramArjitotsarga hai| binA dekhe aura binA * pramArjana kiye hI pUjA ke upakaraNa, sugandha, aura atIcAra asAra dhUpa Adi vastuoM kA lenA apratyavekSitApramArjitAdAna hai| binA dekhe aura binA pramArjana kiye hI bhUmi para saMthArAcaTAI Adi bichAnA apratyavekSitopramArjitasaMstaropakramaNa hai| kSudhA Adi se pIr3ita hone ke kAraNa proSadhopavAsa meM yA tatsambandhI prAvazyaka kAryoM meM utsAha bhAva na rahanA anAdara hai| tathA proSadhovAsa karane ke samaya citta kI caMcalatA kA honA smRtyanupasthAna hai| ye propadhopavAsa vrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| ATA Adi kI jo maryAdA batalAI hai usake bAda vaha sacitta ho jAtA hai tathApi 'abhI vaha acitta hI hai| aisA mAnakara usa amaryAdita vastu kA bhojana meM upayoga karanA sacittAhAra hai| jisa acitta vastu kA uparyukta sacitta vastu se sambandha ho gayA ho usakA bhojana
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________________ 358 tattvArthasUtra [7. 24-37. meM upayoga karanA sacittasambandhAhAra hai / cIMTI Adi kSudra jantuoM se upabhogaparibhogavata mizrita bhojana kA AhAra karanA sacittasaMmizrAhAra ke atIcAra ' hai| ina sacitta Adi bhojanoM meM bratI zrAvaka kI pravRtti pramAda aura mohavaza hotI hai aura isIliye ye aticAroM meM parigaNita kiye gaye haiN| Asava aura ariSTa Adi madajanaka drava padArthoM kA aura gariSTha padArthoM kA sevana karanA abhipavAhAra hai / adhapake, adhika pake, ThIka taraha se nahIM pake hue yA jale bhune hue bhojana kA sevana karanA duSpakvAhAra hai| ye upabhogaparibhogaparimANavrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| zaMkA-upabhoga paribhoga meM kevala bhojana sambandhI padArthoM kA grahaNa na hokara saMvArI, vastra, tAmbUla, AbhUSaNa Adi bahuta se padArthoM kA grahaNa hotA hai phira yahA~ kevala ve hI atIcAra kyoM ginAye jinakA sambandha kevala bhojana se hai ? samAdhAna-upabhoga paribhoga meM bhojana mukhya hai aura adhikatara gar3abar3I bhojana meM hI dekhI jAtI hai, isaliye yahA~ bhojana kI pramukhatA se atIcAra batalAye haiN| vaise to jina jina doSoM se vrata ke dUpita hone kI sambhAvanA ho ve sabhI atIcAra haiN| khAna pAna kI vastu saMyata ke kAma na A sake isa buddhi se use sacitta pRthivI, jala yA vanaspati ke pattoM para rakha denA sacittanikSepa hai| isI prakAra khAna pAna ke yogya vastu ko sacitta ke atIcAra ' kamala patra Adi se Dhaka denA tAki use saMyata na le "" sake sacittApidhAna hai| apanI deya vastu ko 'yaha anya kI hai' aisA kaha kara arpaNa karanA paravyapadeza hai| dAna dete hue bhI Adara bhAva na rakhanA athavA anya dAtA ke guNoM ko na saha sakanA mAtsarya hai| atithi ko bhojana na karAnA par3e isa buddhi se bhikSA ke samaya ko TAla kara bhojana karanA kAlAtikrama hai| ye atithisaMvibhAga vrata ke pA~ca atIcAra haiN| 60 to
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________________ 7. 38-39.] dAna kA svarUpa aura usakI vizeSatA . 356 pUjA saMskAra aura vaiyAvRtya adi dekhakara jIne kI cAha karanA jIvitAzaMsA hai| pUjA satkAra aura sevA zuzrUSA hotI huI na dekhakara ra jaldI se marane kI cAha karanA maraNAzaMsA hai| ye hamAre bAlyakAla ke mitra haiM, vipat par3ane para inhoMne atIcAra ___ hamArI bar3I sevA kI thI isa prakAra punaH punaH mitroM kA smaraNa karake unake prati anurAga rakhanA mitrAnurAga hai| pahale bhoge gaye sukhoM kA punaH punaH smaraNa kara unheM tAjA karanA sukhAnubandha hai| tapazcaryA kA phala bhoga ke rUpa meM cAhanA nidAna hai| ye sallekhanA vrata ke pA~ca pratIcAra haiN| ye Upara ahiMsANuvrata Adi vratoM ke jo bhI atIcAra batalAye haiM ve yathAsambhava ajJAna, asAvadhAnI aura mohavaza yadi hote haiM to atIcAra haiM aura yadi jAna bUjhakara kiye jAte haiM to anAcAra haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki atIcAra ko atIcAra samajhakara karanA anAcAra hai aura kAraNavaza unakA ho jAnA atIcAra hai // 24-37 // dAna kA svarUpa aura usakI vizeSatAanugrahArthaM svasyAtisargo dAnam // 38 // vidhidravyadAtRpAtra vizeSAttadvizeSaH // 39 // anugraha ke liye apanI vastu kA tyAga karanA dAna hai| vidhi, dravya, dAtA aura pAtra kI vizeSatA se usakI arthAt dAna kI vizeSatA hai| strI, putra, kuTumba, ghara, dhana, daulata Adi saba mujhase bhinna haiM, tattvataH maiM inakA svAmo bhI nahIM huuN| yaha saba nadI nAva kA saMyoga hai| na to koI sAtha meM AyA hai aura na koI sAtha meM jAyagA ye yA isI prakAra ke vicAra sunane ko to bahuta milate haiM / isI prakAra apane putrAdika ke liye sarvasva kA tyAga karate hue bhI prANI dekhe jAte haiM para aise
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________________ 360 tattvArthasUtra [7. 38-39. prANI virale haiM jo inameM moha ko saMsAra kA kAraNa jAnakara inakA tyAga karane kI icchA se aisA udyama karate haiM jisase inakA upayoga mokSamArga ke nimitta rUpa se kiyA jA sake / saca pUchA jAya to tyAgadharma jIvana ke samagra sadguNoM kA mUla hai| gRhastha apane jIvana meM jitane hI acche DhaMga se isakA upayoga karatA hai mAnavamAtra meM sadAcAra kI utanI hI vRddhi hotI hai| yadyapi isase AtmIka guNoM kA vikAza to hotA hI hai para dharma maryAdA ko banAye rakhanA bhI isakA phala hai| gRhastha nyAya pUrvaka apanI AvazyakatAnusAra jo kucha kamAtA hai usameM se sadguNoM kI pravRtti cAlU rakhane ke liye kucha hissA kharca karanA dAna hai, isase dAna denevAle aura dAna lenevAle donoM kA hita sAdhana hotA hai| dAna denevAle kA hitasAdhana to yaha hai ki isase usakI lobhavRtti kama hotI hai aura AtmA tyAga kI ora jhukatA hai tathA dAna lenevAle kA hitasAdhana yaha hai ki isase jIvana yAtrA meM madada milatI hai jisase vaha bhale prakAra Atma kalyANa kara sakatA hai| isake atirikta sabase bar3A hitasAdhana mokSamArga kI pravRtti ko cAlU rakhanA hai| yaha vartamAna vyavasthA ke rahate hue dAna ke binA sambhava nahIM hai isaliye jIvana meM dAna kA bar3A mahattva hai| ___anugraha zabda upakAravAcI hai aura sva zabda dhanavAcI haiN| zarIra ke rahate hue usake bharaNa poSaNa ke liye bAhya padArthoM kA sahayoga lenA Avazyaka hai| binA AhAra pAnI ke zarIra cirakAla taka sthira nahIM raha sakatA isaliye jo svAvalambana pUrvaka jIvana yApana karane kA nirNaya karate haiM, bhojana pAna kI AvazyakatA to unako bhI par3atI hai| usake binA unake zarIra kA nirvAha nahIM ho sktaa| isI se jIvana meM dAna kA sarvAdhika mahattva mAnA gayA hai| dAna kevala para kI upakAra buddhi se nahIM diyA jAtA hai| isameM svopakAra kA bhAva mukhya rahatA hai| aise bahuta hI kama manuSya haiM jo nyAya kI ucita
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________________ 7. 38-36.] dAna kA svarUpa aura usakI vizeSatA maryAdA ko jAnate hoN| nyAya kA artha kevala kAnUna kA ullaMghana nahIM karanA yA tatkAla cAlU rUDhiko pAlanA nahIM hai| usakA vAstavika artha hai AvazyakatA se adhika kA saMcaya nahIM krnaa| jo laukika sabhI prakAra kI maryAdAoM kA yathAvat pAlana karatA huA bhI Ava. zyakatA se adhika kA saMcaya karatA hai usakI vRtti nyAya nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai| dhana kucha svayaM Akara nahIM cipakatA jisase use puNya kA phala kahA jaay| vaha to vividha mArgoM se prApta kiyA jAtA hai, ataH dhana ke saMcaya karane meM lobha kI adhikatA hI mukhya kAraNa hai aura lobha jIvana kA sabase bar3A zatru hai, isaliye jo saMcita dhana kA tyAga karatA hai vaha vAstava meM lobha kA hI tyAga karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki dAna ko paropakAra ke samAna svopakAra kA mukhya sAdhana mAnA hai| vartamAna samaya meM jo dete haiM ve aisA mAnate haiM ki hamane bahuta bar3A kAma kiyA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki yaha kAma bahuta hI mahattva kA hai| para isakA mahattva taba hai jaba denevAle ke mana meM ahaGkAra na ho / ahaMbuddhi ke ho jAne para dene para bhI dAna kA phala nahIM miltaa| tathya yaha hai ki denevAlA kucha detA hI nahIM, kyoMki jo para hai usameM vastutaH vaha dAna vyavahAra karane kA adhikArI hI nhiiN| aura jo sva hai usakA vaha kabhI bhI tyAga nahIM kara sktaa| saMsAra meM aisA koI bhI padArtha nahIM jo apanA kucha chor3atA ho aura dUsare kA kucha letA ho / phira bho dAnAdAna vyavahAra to hotA hI hai so isakA kAraNa kevala nimittanaimittika sambandha hai| yaha ho sakatA hai ki yaha sambandha jisa rUpa meM Aja hai kala na bhI rhe| ___ yaha to hama pratyakSa se hI dekhate haiM ki bahuta se dezoM ne vartamAna kAlIna Arthika vyavasthA kA sarvathA dhvaMsa kara diyA hai aura ve isa bAta para tule hue haiM ki samUce vizva meM yaha Arthika vyavasthA nahIM
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________________ 362 tattvArthasUtra [7.38-36. rahane dI jaaygii| bhaviSya meM kyA hogA yaha to vizvAsapUrvaka kaha sakanA kaThina hai para itanA nizcita hai ki muTThI bhara logoM ko chor3akara adhikatara loga purAnI Arthika vyavasthA se Uba gaye haiM ve isameM parivartana cAhate haiN| ___ dekhanA yaha hai ki AkhirakAra aisA kyoM ho rahA hai| bahuta kucha vicAra ke bAda hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMce haiM ki yaha saba manuSyoM kI vaiyaktika kamajorI kA hI phala hai| jahA~ sahayoga praNAlI ke AdhAra para pratyeka manuSya ko vyaktigata Arthika svatantratA milI vahA~ vaha apane lobha kA saMvaraNa nahIM kara skaa| use isakA bhAna na rahA ki jIvana meM artha kI AvazyakatA jisa prakAra mujhe hai usI prakAra dUsare ko bhI hai| mujhe utanA hI saMcaya karane kA adhikAra hai jitane kI ki mujhe AvazyakatA hai| isase adhika kA saMcaya karanA pApa hai| jIvana meM isa vRtti ke jIvita na rahane ke kAraNa hI Arthika dRSTi se samAjasAdI manovRtti ko janma milA hai aura aba to yaha vRtti pratyeka vyakti ke hRdaya meM ghara karatI jA rahI hai| jo sAdhanahIna haiM ve to purAnI Arthika vyavasthA meM Aye huye doSa ko samajha hI rahe haiM kintu jo sAdhana sampanna haiM ve bhI usake isa doSa ko samajha rahe haiN| phira bhI ve apanI niyata meM saMzodhana karane ke liye taiyAra nahIM haiM yahI Azcarya kI bAta hai| Age jo honevAlA hogA so to hogA hii| use koI roka nahIM sakatA para tatkAla kevala isa bAta kA vicAra karanA hai ki manuSya kA jIvana kevala artha pradhAna bana jAne para adhyAtma jIvana kI rakSA kaise kI jA sakegI ? pUrvakAlIna RSiyoM ne apane anubhava ke AdhAra para yaha upadeza diyA thA ki___ jIvana meM yaha mAna kara calanA cAhiye ki apane AtmA ke sivA anya saba padArtha para haiN| isaliye sabase moha chor3akara jisase jIvana meM pUrNa svAvalambana kI vRtti jAgRta ho aise mArga para svayaM
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________________ ___7. 38-39. ] dAna kA svarUpa aura usakI vizeSatA 363 calanA cAhiye aura dUsaroM ko bhI isI mArga se le jAne kA prayatna karanA cAhiye / jIvana meM pUrNa svAvalambanI vRtti kA A jAnA hI mokSa hai aura ise prApta karane kA mArga hI mokSa mAge hai| sAtha hI unhoMne yaha bhI kahA thA ki yadyapi saba manuSyoM ke jIvana meM isa vRtti kA jAgRta honA kaThina hai isaliye jo manuSya pUrNa rUpa se isa vRtti ko apane jIvana meM nahIM utAra sakate haiM unheM itanA avazya karanA cAhiye ki ve eka to AvazyakatA se adhika kA saMcaya na kreN| dUsare apanI AvazyakatA ke anusAra saMcita kiye gaye dravya meM se bhI ve kucha kA tyAga kareM aura isa taraha apanI AvazyakatAoM ko kama karate hue uttarottara jIvana meM svAvalambana ko utArane kA abhyAsa kreN| grahaNa kara usakA tyAga karanA isakI apekSA grahaNa hI nahIM karanA sarvottama mAnA gayA hai| aparigrahavAda kA bhAva bhI yahI hai| kintu vartamAna meM manuSya ke jIvana meM se isa vRtti kA sarvathA lopa ho gayA hai| dAna ko sAmAjika pratiSThA kA sthAna mila jAne se aba to adhikatara logoM kA bhAva aisA bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki ve kisI bhI mArga se dhana saMcaya karate haiM aura phira udAratA kA svAMga karane ke liye usameM se kucha aMza una kAryoM ke liye jinase unakI sAmAjika pratiSThA bar3hatI hai de dete haiM / yaha adhyAtmavAda ko jIvita rakhane kA sahI mArga nahIM hai| sAmAjika nyAya ko to samAjavAdI yA kamyuniSTa bhI svIkAra karate haiN| cAlU jIvana sabakA sukhI banA rahe yaha bhalA kauna nahIM cAhatA? kintu adhyAtmavAda itanA uthalA nahIM hai| usakI jar3eM bahuta gaharI haiN| vaha prANImAtra kA kalyANa kisI kI kRpA ke AdhAra para nahIM svIkAra karatA aura na hI vaha aisA mAnatA hai ki anya anya kA kisI bhI prakAra bhalA burA kara sakatA hai| vaha to bhItara se jar3a cetana sabakI svatantratA svIkAra karatA hai aura isaliye isa svatantratA kI jina jina mArgoM se rakSA hotI hai unheM vaha grAhya mAnatA hai| isakI rakSA kA
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [7. 38-36. prazasta mArga to yahI hai ki anya anya kA apane ko svAmI yA kartA na mAne / kadAcit moha, ajJAna yA rAgavaza vaha aisA mAnatA bhI hai to use ina bhAvoM kA tyAga karane ke liye sadA udyata rahanA cAhiye / jaba koI vyakti anya vastu kA tyAga karatA hai to usameM yahI bhAva chipA rahatA hai| isaliye dAna yaha svopakAra kA pramukha sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| isase tyAga karanevAle kI Antarika vikAra pariNati kA mocana hotA hai| dAna kA yahI svArasya hai| prakRta meM jo dAna kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai vaha bhI isI bhAva ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai| isase para vastu kA tyAga hokara vyaktigata jIvana ko svatantra aura nirmala banAne kA avasara milatA hai| samAjavAda aura adhyAtmavAda meM maulika antara yaha hai ki samAjavAda svecchA se tyAga kI bAta nahIM kahatA jaba ki adhyAtmavAda svecchA se tyAga kI ora pravRtta hotA hai| yadi vizva ko vipula sAdhana upalabdha ho jA~ya to samAjavAda samavibhAgIkaraNa ke AdhAra se unheM svIkAra kiye binA nahIM rhegaa| taba vaha mAnegA ki pratyeka vyakti ko inako svIkAra karane kA adhikAra hai| kintu adhyAtmavAda aise adhikAra ko svIkara hI nahIM krtaa| para vastu ke svIkAra ko vaha jIvana kI sabase bar3I kamajorI mAnatA hai| vyaktisvAtantrya kI bhAvanA aura use kAryAnvita karane kI pravRtti yaha adhyAtmavAda kI rIDha hai| isameM jIvana meM AI huI kamajorI para pramukhatA se dhyAna diyA jAtA hai| dAna usa kamajorI ko dUra karane kA pramukha sAdhana hai| isa dvArA gRhastha tyAga kA abhyAsa karatA hai aura dhIre-dhIre jIvana meM tyAga ko pratiSThita karatA jAtA hai| isaliye jIvana meM dAna kA bahuta bar3A sthAna hai| isase saba prakAra kI satya pravRttiyoM ko protsAhana milatA hai| sAdhu kI nirvighnarIti se Atma sAdhanA meM bhI yaha sahAyaka hai| isakA kSetra bahuta vyApaka hai| isameM utsAhita honA pratyeka gRhastha kA kartavya hai|
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________________ / 7. 38-36.] dAna kA svarUpa aura usakI vizeSatA 365 yadyapi vartamAna kAla meM usakI tIvra bhartsanA kI jAtI hai / adhikatara logoM kA yaha vizvAsa hotA jA rahA hai ki dAna eka prakAra kI lA~ca hai| hama kahate haiM ki yaha doSa yadyapi vartamAna meM paidA ho gayA hai aura isa doSa ko dUra karane ke liye jo bhI prayatna kiye jAyage ve upAdeya haiM, para dAna ke mUla meM yaha hetu nahIM thA itanA nizcita hai| ___ dAna ke mukhya bheda cAra kiye jAte haiM-AhAradAna, auSadhidAna, zAstradAna aura abhayadAna / dAna ke aura jitane bhI prakAra haiM una sabakA antarbhAva inameM ho jAtA hai| Arthika vyavasthA kucha bhI kyoM na ho para jIvana meM dAna kA sthAna sadA hI banA rahegA itanA spaSTa hai| / yadyapi sabhI dAna eka haiM tathApi unake phala meM antara dekhA jAtA hai| jisakA mukhya kAraNa vidhi, dravya, dAtA aura pAtra kI vizeSatA hai| inakI nyUnAdhikatA se dAna ke mahattva meM nyUnAdhikatA AtI hai yaha isa kathana kA tAtparya hai| aba ina cAroM kI vizeSatA kA khulAsA karate haiM pAtra ke anusAra pratigraha, uccasthAna, aMghrikSAlana, arcA, Anati, vidhi kI vizeSatA manazuddhi, vacanazuddhi, kAyazuddhi aura annazuddhi inake " krama ko bhalI prakAra se jAnakara AhAra denA vidhi kI vizeSatA hai| isameM deza-kAla aura lenevAle kI zakti va prakRti Adi kA khyAla rakhanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| dI jAnevAlI vastu kaisI hai kyA hai ityAdi bAtoM kA vicAra dravya . kI vizeSatA meM kiyA jAtA hai| AhAra Adi dete dravya kI vizepatA " samaya isakA avazya dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki jise AhAra diyA jA rahA hai usakA vaha kahA~ taka upakAraka hogaa| saMyata aura gRhatyAgI ko gariSTha aura mAdaka AhAra to denA hI nahIM cAhiye / AhAra aisA ho jisase use apane guNoM ke vikAza karane meM sahAyatA mile|
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________________ 366 tattvArthasUtra [7. 38-39, bhakti, zraddhA, sattva, tuSTi, jJAna, kSamA aura alaulya ye dAtA ke dAtA kI vizeSatA ra - sAta guNa haiN| jitane aMza meM ye dAtA meM vidyamAna " hoMge, usase dAtA kA utanA hI lAbha hai| isake atirikta dAtA meM asUyA yA tiraskAra kA bhAva na honA bhI Avazyaka hai| tathA dAna dene ke bAda viSAda na karanA aura adhika jarUrI hai, kyoMki aisA karane se isake nimitta se tamAma saMcita sadguNoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai| pAna ke tIna bheda haiM uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya / uttama pAtra muni pAtra kI vizeSatA haiN| madhyama pAtra zrAvaka haiM aura abatI samyagdRSTi " jaghanya pAtra haiN| isa prakAra ye vidhi, dravya, dAtA aura pAtra haiN| ye jaise hote haiM unake anusAra dAna ke phala meM vizeSatA AtI hai| kAraNa spaSTa hai, isaliye ina sabakI samhAla karanA ucita hai|| 38-36 //
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________________ AThavA~ adhyAya Asrava tattva kA varNana karane ke bAda aba bandha tattva kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai bandha ke hetuoM kA nirdezamithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA bandhahetavaH // 1 // ___ mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kapAya aura yoga ye pA~ca bandha ke hetu haiN| vedanAkhaNDa meM bandhahetuoM kA vicAra karate hue yadyapi naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra naya se bandha ke hetu aneka batalAye haiM tathApi vahAM RjusUtra naya kI apekSA prakRti aura pradezabandha kA hetu yoga tathA sthiti aura anubhAgabandha kA hetu kaSAya ko batalAyA hai| prastuta sUtra meM kaSAya aura yoga ko to bandha ke hetu batalAye hI haiM para inake atirikta mithyAdarzana, avirati aura pramAda ye tIna bandhahetu aura batalAye gaye haiN| inameM se avirati aura pramAda kA antarbhAva to kaSAya meM hI ho jAtA hai, kyoMki kaSAya kI vividha avasthAe~ hI avirati aura pramAda hai| parantu mithyAdarzana kA kaSAya aura yoga inameM se kisI meM bhI antarbhAva nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra samasita rUpa se vicAra karane para yahA~ bandha ke hetu tIna prApta hote haiM mithyAdarza, kaSAya aura yoga / ____eka paramparA mithyAdarzana, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga ina cAra ko bandhahetu ginAne kI milatI hai / isa paramparA ke anusAra bhI avirati kA antarbhAva kaSAya meM ho jAne para mithyAdarzana, kaSAya aura yoga ye tIna hI bandha ke hetu raha jAte haiN| isa prakAra yahA~ para mukhyataH 24
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________________ 368 tattvArthasUtra [8. 1. do paramparAe~ zeSa rahIM eka to kaSAya aura yoga ko bandha ke hetu batalAnevAlI aura dUsarI mithyAdarzana, kaSAya aura yoga ko bandha ke hetu btlaanevaalii| * aba dekhanA yaha hai ki kyA sacamuca meM ye donoM paramparAe~ mAnyatAbheda se sambandha rakhatI haiM yA mAnyatAbheda na hokara dRSTibheda se varNana karane kI vividha zailiyA~mAtra haiM ? ___jaba hama isa prazna para tAttvika dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to ye donoM paramparAe~ mAnyatAbheda para AdhArita na hokara dRSTibheda se varNana karane kI zailImAtra prApta hotI haiN| inameM se kaSAya aura yoga ko bandhahetu, batalAnevAlI paramparA pratyeka karma kA saMyoga aura saMzlepa kina kAraNoM se hotA hai isa bAta kA nirdeza karatI hai aura dUsarI paramparA guNasthAna krama se karmaprakRtiyoM ke bandhahetuoM kA vicAra karatI hai| bandha ke samaya pratyeka karma cAra bhAgoM meM baTa jAtA hai - prakRtibandha, sthitibandha, anubhAgabandha aura pradezabandha / inameM se prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha kA hetu yoga hai tathA sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha kA hetu kaSAya hai| isa kathana se samUce. karmabandha ke kAraNa kapAya aura yoga prApta hote haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki ina donoM kAraNoM ke sadbhAva meM hI karma kA bandha hotA hai abhAva meM nhiiN| isa prakAra pratyeka karma prakRti Adi ke bheda se kina kAraNoM se ba~dhatA. hai isakA vicAra karate hue: zAstra meM yoga aura kaSAya ko karmabandha kA kAraNa batalAyA hai tathA mithyAtva Adi guNasthAnoM meM uttarottara nyUna nyUna ba~dhanevAlI karmaprakRtiyoM ke hetuoM kA vicAra karate hue mithyAdarzana Adi bandhahetuoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| mithyAtva guNasthAna meM ye mithyAdarzana Adi sabhI bandha ke. hetu pAye jAte haiM, isaliye vahA~ sabase adhika prakRtiyoM kA bandha hotA hai. aura Age Age ke guNasthAnoM meM ye vandhahetu kamatI kamatI hote jAte haiM, 'isaliye una una guNasthAnoM meM ba~dhane
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________________ 8. 1.] bandha ke hetuoM kA nirdeza 369 vAlI prakRtiyA~ bhI kamatI kamatI hotI jAtI haiN| yahA~ mithyAdarzana Adi ko bandha kA hetu batalAne kA yahI abhiprAya hai| Upara jitanA bhI kathana kiyA hai usa sabakA sAra yaha hai ki kama ke eka sau ar3atAlIsa prakRtiyoM meM se kisa prakRti kA kisa hetu ke rahane para bandha hotA hai yaha batalAne ke liye mithyAdarzana Adi ko bandha kA hetu batalAyA gayA hai aura una ekasau ar3atAlIsa prakRtiyoM meM se pratyeka karma kA prakRti aura pradezabandha yoga se tathA sthiti aura anubhAgabandha kapAya se hotA hai yaha batalAne ke liye kapAya aura yoga ko bandha kA hetu ginAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ina donoM paramparAoM ke kathana meM dRSTibheda hI hai mAnyatAbheda nahIM / aba Age mithyAdarzana Adi bandhahetuoM ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlate hai-- AtmA kA darzana nAma kA eka guNa hai jo mithyAtva guNasthAna meM mithyAdarzana rUpa hotA hai aura jisakA nimitta kAraNa mithyAdarzana kA - udaya hai| isake hone para vastu kA yathArtha darzana __arthAt zraddhAna to hotA hI nahIM, yadi hotA bhI hai to ayathArtha hotA hai| isake naisargika aura paropadeza pUrvaka ye do bheda haiN| naisargika mithyAdarzana binA upadeza ke kevala mithyAdarzana karma ke udaya se hotA hai| isakA honA cAroM gatiyoM ke jIvoM ke sambhava hai| tathA dUsarA bAhya meM upadeza ke nimitta se hotA hai| yaha adhikatara manuSya jAti meM sambhava hai| vartamAna meM jitane pantha pracalita haiM ve saba isake pariNAma haiN| isake dUsare prakAra se pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiMekAnta, viparIta, saMzaya, vainayika aura ajJAna / jisase chaha kAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA se aura chaha indriyoM ke viSaya se nivRtti nahIM hotI vaha avirati hai| jisa jIva ke anantAnubandhI aura apratyAkhyAnavaraNa kaSAya kA udaya vidyamAna hai usake upayukta sabhI prakAra kI avirati pAI jAtI hai| kintu jisake ukta kapAyoM kA
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________________ pramAda 370 tattvArthasUtra [8. 1. udaya na hokara pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa Adi kaSAyoM kA udaya hai usake trasa kAya viSayaka avirati kA abhAva hokara zeSa gyAraha prakAra kI avirati pAI jAtI hai| pramAda kA artha hai apane kartavya meM anAdara bhAva / yaha anantAnubandhI catuSka Adi bAraha kaSAyoM ke udaya meM to hotA hI hai kintu saMjvalana kaSAya ke tIvra udaya meM bhI hotA hai| isake 5 nimitta bheda se aneka bheda ho jAte haiN| yathA pA~ca indriya, cAra vikathA, cAra kaSAya, nidrA aura praNaya ye pramukha rUpa se pramAda ke pandraha bheda haiN| zAstroM meM adhikatara isakA varNana saMjvalana kaSAya ke tIvra udaya kI apekSA se hI kiyA gayA milatA hai| vahA~ avirati aura kaSAya se isakA pArthakya dikhalAne ke liye aisA kiyA gayA hai isase bhalI prakAra se yaha jAnA jA sakatA hai ki kevala pramAda nimittaka kina prakRtiyoM kA bandha hotA hai| cAritra rUpa AtmapariNAmoM meM animalatA kA nAma hI kaSAya hai| yaha mithyAtva guNasthAna se lekara nyUnAdhika pramANa meM dasaveM guNasthAna taka pAI jAtI hai| agale guNasthAnoM meM yA to __ kaSAya kA cAritramohanIya kA udaya nahIM rahatA yA cAritramohanIya karma hI nahIM rahatA isaliye Age yaha nahIM pAI jaatii| guNasthAna carcA meM aura bandha prakaraNa meM saMjvalana kaSAya ke manda udaya ko kaSAya batalAyA hai so vahA~ pramAda se pArthakya dikhalAne ke liye aisA kiyA gayA hai| isase kevala kaSAya nimittaka ba~dhanevAlI prakRtiyoM kA patA cala jAtA hai| yoga kA artha hai AtmapradezoM kA parispanda / yaha mana, vacana aura kAya ke nimitta se hotA hai isaliye isake manoyoga, vacanayoga aura yoga kAyayoga ye tIna bheda ho jAte haiM / yaha mithyAtva guNasthAna se lekara sayogakevalI guNasthAna taka
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________________ ___371 .8.2-3.] bandha kA svarUpa aura usake bheda kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya pAyA jAtA hai| yaha karmamAtra ke prakRti aura pradezabandha kA anivArya kAraNa hai| __ ina pA~coM bandhahetuoM meM se pUrva pUrva ke bandhahetu ke rahane para Age Age ke bandhahetu niyama se pAye jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha-mithyAtva ke rahane para saba bandhahetu pAye jAte haiM aura avirati ke rahane para prabhAda Adi tIna, pramAda ke rahane para kaSAya Adi do aura kaSAya ke rahane para yoga avazya pAyA jAtA hai| parantu Age Age ke vandhahetu hone para pUrva pUrva ke bandhahetu hote bhI haiM aura nahIM bhI hote / udAharaNArthaavirati ke rahane para mithyAtva hotA bhI hai aura nahIM bhI hotaa| yadi prathama dvitIya aura tRtIya guNasthAna se sambandha rakhanevAlo avirati hai to mithyAtva hotA hai anyathA nahIM hotaa| Age bhI isI prakAra jAnanA caahiye| yahA~ sAsAdana dRSTi aura mizradRSTi ko mithyAtva meM hI sammilita kara liyA gayA hai, kyoMki ye prakArAntara se mithyAtva ke hI abAntara bheda haiN| samyakatva mArgaNA ke chaha bhedoM meM isI kAraNa se inakI parigaNanA kI gaI hai|||1|| bandha kA svarUpa aura usake bhedasakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogmAn pudgalAnAdace sa bandhaH // 2 // prkRtisthitynubhvprdeshaastdvidhyH||3|| kaSAya sahita hone se jIva jo karme ke yogya pudgajoM ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha bandha hai| usake prakRti, sthiti, anubhava aura pradeza ye cAra prakAra haiM / Agama meM teIsa prakAra ko pudgala vargaNAeM batalAI haiM unameM se kAmaNa vargaNAe~ ho kamarUna pariNAma ko prApta karane ko yogyatA rakhatI
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________________ 372 tattvArthasUtra [8.2-3. haiN| unakA AtmA se saMzleSa rUpa sambandha ko prApta honA bandha hai| yadyapi bandha karma aura AtmA ke eka kSetrAvagAhI sambandha kA nAma hai tathApi yaha sabhI AtmAoM ke nahIM pAyA jAtA hai kintu jo AtmA kaSAyavAn hai vahI karmo ko grahaNa kara usase baMdhatA hai| yadi lohe kA golA garama na ho to pAno ko grahaNa nahIM karatA, kintu garama hone para vaha jaise apanI ora pAnI ko khIMcatA hai vaise hI zuddha AtmA karmoM ko grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai kintu jaba taka vaha kaSAya sahita rahatA hai taba taka pratyeka samaya meM barAbara karmoM ko grahaNa karatA rahatA hai aura isa prakAra karmoM ko grahaNa karake unase saMzleSa ko prApta ho jAnA hI bandha hai / isa bandha ke mukhya hetu yoga aura kaSAya hai yaha bAta prakaTa karane ke liye hI prastuta sUtra meM "sakaSAyatvAt' aura 'zrAdatte' ye do pada diye haiM // 2 // jaba yaha jIva karma ko bA~dhatA hai taba usakI mukhyataH cAra avasthAe~ hotI haiM / ye hI cAra avasthAe~ bandha ke cAra bheda haiM jo prakRti, sthiti, anubhava aura pradeza ke nAma se pukAre jAte haiN| yaha bAta kevala karma para hI lAgU nahIM hai kintu AvaraNa karanevAle kisI bhI padArtha kI ye cAra avasthAe~ dekhI jAtI haiN| udAharaNArtha-lAlaTena ko vastra se jhakane para usameM prakAza ko rokane kA svabhAva, usakA kAla, rokanevAlI zakti kA hInAdhika bhAva aura usa vastra kA parimANa ye cAra avasthAe~ eka sAtha prakaTa hotI haiN| isI prakAra karma kI cAra avasthAe~ samajhanI cAhiye, isI se yahA~ para karma ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiN| __ prakRti kA artha svabhAva hai| karma kA bandha hote hI usameM jo jJAna aura darzana ko rokane, sukha dukha dene Adi kA svabhAva par3atA hai vaha prakRtibandha hai / sthiti kA artha kAla maryAdA hai| pratyeka karma kA bandha hote hI usakA sambandha AtmA se kaba taka rahegA yaha nizcita ho jAtA
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________________ 8.4.] prakRtibandha ke mUla bhedoMkA nAmanirdeza 373 hai| isa prakAra karmabandha ke samaya usakI kAla-maryAdA kA nizcita honA hI sthitibandha hai| anubhava kA artha phaladAna zakti hai jo karmabandha ke samaya hI par3a jAtI hai| isa zakti kA par3a jAnA hI anubhavabandha hai aura pradeza kA artha karmaparamANuoM kI gaNanA hai| jo kama AtmA se bandha ko prApta hote haiM ve niyata to rahate hI haiN| eka kAla meM jitane karmaparamANu bandha ko prApta hote haiM unakA vaisA honA hI pradezabandha hai| jitane bhI kama haiM ve saba ina cAra bhAgoM meM baTe hue haiN| aisA eka bhI karma nahIM hai jisameM ye cAra vibhAga sambhava na hoM yaha isa sUtra kA tAtparya hai // 3 // prakRtibandha ke mUla bhedoMkA nAmanirdeza --- Ayo jJAnadarzanAvaraNavedanIyamohanIyAyurnAmagotrAntarAyAH // 4 // pahalA arthAt prakRtibandha jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAyarUpa hai|| ___jisa AtmAkI jaisI yogyatA hotI hai tathA antaraMga aura bahiraMga jaise nimitta milate haiM unake anusAra usake nAnA prakAra ke pariNAma huA karate haiN| saba saMsArI AtmAoM ke pariNAmoM kA vicAra karane para ve asaMkhyAta loka pramANa prApta hote haiM jo nirantara baMdhanevAle karmoM ke svabhAva nirmANa meM kAraNa ho rahe haiN| yadi ina pariNAmoM ke anusAra ba~dhanevAle karmoM ke svabhAvoM kA vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai to vaha bahuta prakArakA prApta hotA hai, usa vibhAga ko saMkhyAmeM bhI batA sakanA kaThina hai tathApi vargIkaraNa dvArA vividha svabhAvavAle una saba karmoko ATha bhAgoMmeM bAMTa diyA gayA hai aura isase prakRtibandhake mUla bheda ATha prApta hote hai jinakA nAmollekha sUtra meM kiyA hI hai|
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________________ 374 svarUpa tattvArthasUtra [8. 4. jo AtmAkI bAhya padArthoM ko jAnane kI zaktike AvaraNa karane meM nimitta hai vaha jJAnAvaraNa karma hai| jo AtmAkI svayaMko sAkSA tkAra karane kI zakti ke AvaraNa karane meM nimitta hai mUla prakRtiyoM kA " vaha darzanAvaraNa karma hai / jo bAhya Alambana pUrvaka sukha dukha ke vedana karAne meM nimitta hai, vaha vedanIya karma hai| jo AtmA ke moha bhAva ke hone meM arthAta rAga, dvapa aura mithyAtvabhAva ke hone meM nimitta hai vaha mohanIya karma hai| jo AtmA ke nara nArakAdi paryAya dhAraNa karane meM nimitta hai vaha Ayukarma hai| jo jIva kI gati jAti Adi aura pudgala kI zarIra Adi vividha avasthAoM ke hone meM nimitta hai vaha nAmaka hai| jo AtmA ke U~ca aura nIca bhAva ke hone meM nimitta hai vaha gotrakarma hai aura jo AtmAke dAnAdi rUpa bhAvoMke na hone meM nimitta hai vaha antarAya . prakRti bandhake ye AThoM bheda ghAtikarma aura aghAtikarma ina do bhAgoM meM baTe hue haiM / jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ye cAra ghAti karma kahalAte haiM tathA vedanIya, zrAyu, nAma aura gotra ina cArako aghAti karma kahate haiN| * AtmAmeM anujIvI aura pratijIvo ye do prakArako zaktiyAM pAI jAtI haiM / jo zaktiyAM AtmAke sivA anya dravyameM nahIM pAI jAtI mUlaprakRtiyoMke pATha ... kintu jinake sadbhAvameM hI AtmAkI vizeSatA jAnI 1 jAtI hai ve anujIvIguNa haiM aura jo zaktiyAM AtmAke sivA anya dravyoMmeM bhI sambhava haiM ve pratijIvI guNa haiM / ina donoM prakArakI zaktiyoMmeM se jinase anujIvI zaktiyoMkA ghAta hotA hai ve ghAtikarma kahalAte haiM aura pratijIvI zaktiyoMkA ghAta karanevAle karma aghAti karma kahalAte haiN| ina donoM prakArake karmoM meM mukhyatA ghAtikarmoko hai, kyoM ki ve AtmAke anujIvI
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________________ 8. 4.] prakRtibandha ke mUla bhedoMkA nAmanirdeza 375 guNoMke mUlarUpameM prakaTa na hone dene meM nimitta haiM, isaliye mUla prakRtiyoM ke pATha krama meM prathama sthAna ghAtikarmoko aura dUsarA sthAna aghAtikarmoM ko diyA gayA hai| isa hisAba se cAra ghAtikarmoM kA nAmanirdeza sarva prathama aura usake bAda aghAtikarmoM kA nAma nirdeza karanA thA para aisA na karake vedanIya karma ko jo ki aghAti hai tIsare nambara para aura antarAyakarma ko jo ki ghAti hai AThaveM nambara para rakhA hai| so isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki yadyapi vedanIya karma sukha-dukhakA vedana karAne meM nimitta hai tathApi vaha mohanIyase milakara hI sukha duHkhake vedana karAne meM nimitta hotA hai isa liye vedanIyako mohanIyake pahale tIsare nambara para rakhA hai| aura antarAya karma yadyapi ghAti hai para vaha nAma gotra aura vedanIya ina tIna karmoM ke sAtha milakara hI dAnAdi ke na hone meM nimitta hotA hai ataH antarAya karmako sabake anta meM AThaveM nambara para rakhA hai| yaha to do karmoM ko vyatikrama se kyoM rakhA isakA kAraNa huA / aba jJAnAvaraNAdi ke kramase karmoM kA pATha kyoM rakhA yaha batalAte haiN| ___ saMsArI prANI ke darzana ke bAda jJAna aura pazcAt zraddhAna hotA hai isa hisAba se darzana, jJAna aura samyaktva yaha krama prApta hotA hai| usameM bhI jJAna pradhAna hai isaliye jJAnako darzanase pUrvameM ginAyA jAtA hai / basa isI kramako dhyAnameM lekara karmoMkA jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura mohanIya isa kramase pATha rakhA hai| yaha to ghAtikarmoM ke pATha kA krama huaa| aghAti karmoM ke pAThake krama para vicAra karane para vaha Ayu, nAma aura gotra isa prakArase prApta hotA hai, kyoM ki bhava, usameM avasthAna aura phira UMca nIca bhAva yaha krama usake binA bana nahIM sktaa| zeSa do karmo ke rakhane kA krama pahale hI batalA Aye haiM / isa pATha krama se eka bAta khAsataura se phalita hotI hai ki kevala vedanIya kA udaya mohanIya ke abhAva meM sukha dukha kA vedana karAne meM asamartha hai| veda
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________________ 376 tattvArthasUtra [8.4. nIya kA udaya to arihanta jinake bhI pAyA jAtA hai para vahA~ mohanIya karma nahIM rahatA isaliye unake rogAdi janya duHkha nahIM hotaa| yadyapi sthiti aisI hai kintu isa viSaya meM jainAcAryoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara jainAcArya isa mata se sahamata nahIM hai| isaliye isa viSaya kI carcA kara lenA iSTa pratIta hotA hai| vedanIya ke sambandha meM tIna bAteM to sabhI ko iSTa haiM-prathama to yaha ki karmoM kA pATha krama donoM paramparAoM meM ekasA hai, dUsarI yaha ki vedanIya kI udIraNA chaThe guNasthAna taka hI hotI hai aura tIsarI yaha ki gyArahaveM, bArahaveM aura terahaveM guNasthAna meM eka mAtra sAtAvedanIya kA hI bandha hotA hai| ___ asAtAvedanIya ke bandha ke kAraNoM kA pahale nirdeza kara Aye haiN| unameM eka kAraNa duHkha bhI hai| yadi aisA mAna liyA jAya ki arihanta jinako kSudhAdi janya bAdhA hotI. hai to unake asAtAvedanIya kA bandha bhI mAnanA par3egA kintu unake asAtAvedIya kA bandha donoM paramparAoM ko iSTa nahIM hai isaliye mAlUma to aisA hI par3atA hai ki unake kSudhAdi janya bAdhA nahIM hotii| zarIra AtmA se bhinna hai yaha anubhava to samyagdRSTi ko ho hone lagatA hai| isake Age jIva jaba svAvalambana kA abhyAsa karane lagatA hai taba vaha kramazaH para padArtho ke avalambana se apane ko mukta karatA jAtA hai| pA~caveM guNasthAna meM vaha AMzika svAvalambana kA abhyAsa karatA hai| chaThe guNasthAna meM isa abhyAsa ko vaha aura Age bar3hAtA hai| yahA~ zarIra ko vaha vizrAma bhojana Adi detA hai para isake Age sAtaveM Adi guNasthAnoM se isake yaha bhI chUTa jAtA hai| terahavA~ guNasthAna to aisA hai jahA~ na to chadmasthatA rahatI hai aura na hI rAga dveSa rahatA hai phira bhI vaha buddhipUrvaka zarIra ko AhAra pAnI de aura usake avalambana ke Azrita apane ko mAne yaha bAta
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________________ 8. 4.] prakRtibandha ke mUla bhedoMkA nAmanirdeza 377 samajha meM nahIM aatii| isaliye niSkarSa yahI nikalatA hai ki terahaveM guNasthAna meM kavalAhAra nahIM hotaa| mAtra yoga dvArA abuddhipUrvaka jo nokama vargaNAoM grahaNa hotA hai unhIM se zarIra kA poSaNa hotA rahatA hai| sabase bar3I galatI yaha huI hai ki adhikatara logoM kA yaha khyAla ho gayA hai ki amuka karma se aisA hotA hai| para vastusthiti ThIka isake viparIta hai| bAta yaha hai ki jisa samaya jIva kI jaisI avasthA hotI hai usa samaya usa avasthA ke nimittarUpa karma kA udaya hotA hai| ina donoM kA aisA hI nimittanaimittika sambandha hai| __aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki terahaveM guNasthAna meM aisI kauna sI avasthA hai jisake nimittarUpa asAtAvedanIya karma kA udaya hotA hai| so isakA yaha samAdhAna hai ki vahA~ AtmA kI sukha dukha rUpa aisI koI avasthA nahIM hai jisameM sAtAvedanIya nimitta ho yA asatAvedanIya nimitta ho| phira bhI vahA~ inakA udaya hotA hai so isakA yaha kAraNa hai ki jIva ke pratijIvI guNoM kA ghAta vahA~ bhI ho rahA hai| unameM se vedanIya karma jIva ke avyAvAdha guNa kA ghAta karatA hai| jIva ke guNa ke ghAta kA mukhya kAraNa udaya aura udIraNA hai| aba yadi vahA~ isakA udaya nahIM mAnA jAtA hai to anujIvI guNoM kI prakaTa huI zuddha paryAya ke samAna vahA~ isa guNa kI bhI zuddha paryAya mAnanI hogii| para aisA hai nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki terahaveM guNasthAna meM bhI donoM prakAra ke vedanIya kA udaya mAnA gayA hai| sudhAdi ke dvArA bAdhA kA paidA honA sthUla paryAya hai aisI paryAya arihanta ke nahIM hotI para avyAbAdha guNa ke ghAta se jo vikArI paryAya hotI hai usakA sadbhAva arihanta ke bhI pAyA jAtA hai| yahA~ vedanIya karma kA yahI kArya hai aura isa kArya ko batalAne ke liye vahA~ donoM prakAra ke vedanIya kA udaya mAnA gayA hai|
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________________ 378 tattvArthasUtra [.8.4. zaMkA---guNa kA ghAta karanA yaha ghAtikarma kA kAma hai| phira kyA kAraNa hai ki yahA~ avyAbAdha guNa kA ghAtaka vedanIya karma ko batalAyA hai ? samAdhAna-jIva ke guNoM kA ghAta to donoM prakAra ke karma karate haiN| antara itanA hai ki ghAtikarma anujIvI guNoM kA ghAta karate haiM aura adhAtikarma pratijIvI guNoM kA ghAta karate haiN| zaMkA-phira vedanIya Adi ko aghAti saMjJA kyoM dI hai ? samAdhAna-ye jIva ke anujIvI guNoM kA ghAta nahIM karate isa apekSA se inheM aghAti saMjJA dI hai| pratijIvI guNoM ko ghAtane kI apekSA to ve bhI ghAtI hai| . zaMkA-yadi vedanIya karma jIva ke avyAbAdha guNa ko ghAtatA hai to usakA vahA~ kucha kArya bhI to dikhanA cAhiye ? samAdhAna yahI ki paryAya janya bAdhA to unake bhI pAI jAtI hai| para vaha bAdhA anya janoM kI sthUla bAdhA se vilakSaNa hotI hai| pUrNa bAdhA kA abhAva siddha avasthA ke prApta hone para hI hotA hai| mAtra unake anya bAhya nimitta se paidA honevAlI bAdhA nahIM hotI itanI vizeSatA hai| kSudhAdi janya bAdhA naimittika hai ailo bAdhA arihanta jinake nahIM hotI yaha ukta kathana kA tAtparya hai| zaMkA-karmanimittaka jitanI bhI avasthAeM prakaTa hotI haiM ve saba naimittika haiM phira kevala kSudhAdi janya bAdhAoM ko hI kyoM naimittika batalAyA hai ? samAdhAna-sudhA Adi bAdhAe~ kevala karma ke nimitta se nahIM hotI haiN| inake hone meM anya bAhya padArtha bhI nimitta hote haiN| kevalI ke honevAlI bAdhA karmanimittaka to hoto hai para anyanimittaka nahIM hotI isase hI yahA~ kSudhAdi bAdhAoM ko naimittika batalAyA hai / ailI bAdhAe~ kevalI jinake nahIM hotI // 4 //
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________________ 8.5-13. ] mulaprakRti ke avAntara bheda aura unakA nAma nirdeza 376 mUlaprakRti ke avAntara bhedoM kI saMkhyA aura unakA nAma nirdeza paJcanavadvayaSTAviMzaticaturdvicatvAriMzadvipaJcabhedA yathAkramam // 5 // matizrutAvadhimanaHparyayakevalAnAm // 6 // cakSuracakSuravadhikevalAnAM nidrAnidrAnidrApracalApracalApracalAstyAnagRddha yazca // 7 // sadasadvedye // 8 // darzanacAritramohanIyAkaSAyakaSAyavedanIyAkhyAstridvinavapoDazabhedAH samyaktvamithyAtvatadubhayAnyakaSAyakaSAyau hAsyaratyaratizokamayajugupsAstrIpuMnapuMsakavedA anantAnubandhyapratyAkhyAnapratyAkhyAnasaMjvalanavikalpAzcaikazaH krodhamAnamAyAlobhAH // 9 // nArakatairyagyonamAnuSadaivAni // 10 // gatijAtizarIrAGgopAGganirmANabandhanasaMghAtasaMsthAnasaMhananasparzarasagandhavarNAnupUrvyAgurulaghUpaghAtaparaghAtAtapodyotocchvAsa - vihAyogatayaH pratyekazarIratrasasubhagasusvarazubhasUkSmaparyAptisthirAdeyayazaHkIrtisetarANi tIrthakaratvaM ca // 11 // uccainIMcaizca // 12 // dAnalAbhabhogopabhogavIryANAm // 13 // ATha mUlaprakRtiyoM ke anukrama se pA~ca, nau, do, aTThAIsa, cAra, bayAlIsa, do aura pA~ca bheda haiN|
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________________ 380 ' tattvArthasUtra [8.5-13. ___ matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna inako AvaraNa karanevAle karma hI pA~ca jJAnAvaraNa haiN| __ cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana ina cAroM ke cAra AvaraNa tathA nidrA, nidrAnidrA, pracalA, pracalApracalA aura styAnagRddhi ye pA~ca nidrAdika aise nau darzanAvaraNa haiN| sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya ye do vedanIya haiN| darzanamohanIya, cAritramohanIya, akaSAyavedanIya aura kapAyavedanIya inake krama se tIna, do, nau aura solaha bheda haiM / samyaktva, mithyAtva aura tadubhaya ye tIna darzanamohanIya haiN| akaSAya vedanIya aura kapAya vedanIya ye do cAritramohanIya haiN| hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, puMveda aura napuMsakaveda ye nau akaSAyavedanIya haiM tathA anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAna, pratyAkhyAna aura saMjvalana ye pratyeka krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ke bheda se solaha kaSAyavedanIya haiN| narakAyu, tiryaMcAyu, manuSyAyu aura devAyu ye cAra Ayu haiM / - gati, jAti, zarIra, prAGgopAGga, nirmANa, bandhana, saMghAta, saMsthAna, saMhanana, sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, AnupUrvI, agurulaghu, upaghAta, paraghAta, Atapa, udyota, ucchvAsa aura vihAyogati tathA pratipakSa prakRtiyoMke sAtha arthAt sAdhAraNazarIra aura pratyeka zarIra, sthAvara aura trasa, dubhaMga aura subhaga, duHsvara aura susvara, azubha aura 'zubha, bAdara aura sUkSma, aparyApta aura paryApta, asthira aura sthira, anAdeya aura Adeya; ayazaHkIrti aura yazaHkIrti evaM tIrthakaratva ye bayAlIsa nAma karmake bheda haiN| ucca gotra aura nIca gotra ye do gotra karma haiN| * dAna; lAbha, bhoga upabhoga aura vIrya inake pAMca antarAya haiN| mati Adi pAMca jJAna aura cakSudarzana Adi cAra darzanoMkA varNana
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________________ 8. 5-13. ] mUlaprakRti ke avAntara bheda aura unakA nAma nirdeza 381 pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| unameMse pAMca jJAnoM ke AvaraNa meM nimittajJAnAvaraNa kI pAMca bhUta kama mAtajJAnAvaraNa, zrutajJAnAvaraNa, avadhiaura darzanAvaraNa kI zAnAvaraNa, mana : jJAnAvaraNa, manaHparyayajJAnAvaraNa aura kevalajJAnA varaNa kahalAte haiN| jJAnAvaraNake ye hI pA~ca bheda van haiN| tathA cAra darzanoMke AvaraNa meM nimittabhUta karma cakSudarzanAvaraNa, acakSudarzanAvaraNa, avadhidarzanAvaraNa aura kevaladarzanAvaraNa kahalAte haiN| darzanAvaraNake cAra bheda to ye haiM tathA inake atirikta darzanAvaraNa ke nidrAdika pAMca bheda aura haiM jinakA svarUpa nimna prakAra hai-jisa karmakA udaya aisI nIMda meM nimitta hai jisa se mada,kheda aura parizrama janya thakAvaTa dUra ho jAtI hai vaha nidrA darzanAvaraNa karma hai| jisa karmakA udaya aisI gAr3ha nIMda meM nimitta hai jisase jAganA atyanta duSkara ho jAya, uThAne para bhI na uTha sake vaha nidrAnidrAdarzanAvaraNa karma hai / jisa kArya kA udaya aisI nIMdameM nimitta hai jisase baiThe baiThe hI nIMda A jAya, hAtha paira aura sira ghUmane lage vaha pracalAdarzanAvaraNa karma hai / jisa karma kA udaya aisI nIMdameM nimitta hai jisase khar3e khar3e, calate calate yA baiThe baiThe punaH punaH nIMda Ave aura hAtha paira cale tathA sira ghUme vaha pracalApracalA darzanAvaraNa karma hai| tathA jisa kama kA udaya aisI noMda meM nimitta hai jisase svapna meM adhika zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai aura atyanta gADha nidrA AtI hai vaha styAnagRddhi darzanAvaraNa karma hai| __ zaMkA-nidrAdika ko darzanAvaraNa ke bhedoM meM kyoM ginAyA ? samAdhAna-saMsArI jIvoM ke pahale darzana hotA hai pIche jJAna / yataH nidrAdika sarva prathama darzana ke na hone meM nimitta ' haiM ataH inheM darzanAvaraNake bhedoMmeM ginAyA hai| jisakA udaya prANI ke sukhake hone meM nimitta hai vaha sAtAvedanIya vedanIya karma kI do karma hai aura jisakA udaya prANI ke duHkhake hone uttara prakRtiyAM meM nimitta hai vaha asAtA vedanIya karma hai|
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________________ 382 tattvArthasUtra [8.5-13. zaMkA-sukhakA upabhoga karAnA yadi sAtA vedanIyakA kAma hai to AtmAkA svabhAva sukha nahIM prApta hotA ? samAdhAna-sAtAvedanIya ke udayake nimittase prApta honevAlA sukha nirAkulatA rUpa Atmasukha nahIM hai kintu vaha duHkhakA upazamarUpa honese sukha kahA gayA hai| isase AtmAkA svabhAva sukha mAnane meM koI vAdhA nahIM aatii| ___ zaMkA-zAstroMmeM kucha loga sAtAvedanIyakA kArya sukhakI sAmagrI aura asAtAvedanIyakA kArya duHkhakI sAmagrI prApta karAnA mAnate haiN| yadi isa kathanako sahI mAnA jAtA hai to sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIyake pUrvokta lakSaNa nahIM banate, isaliye yaha nirNaya karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki inameM kauna lakSaNa sahI hai ? . samAdhAna-karma do prakArake haiM-jIvavipAkI aura pudglvipaakii| jinakA phala jIvameM ho arthAt jina karmoMkA udaya jIvakI vividha avasthAoM aura pariNAmoM ke hone meM nimitta hai ve jIvavipAkI karma haiM aura jina karmoM kA phala pudgalameM hotA hai / arthAt jina karmoMkA udya zarIra, vacana aura mana rUpa vargaNAoMke sambandhase ina zarIrAdika rUpa kAryoM ke hone meM nimitta hotA hai ve pudgalavipAkI karma haiM / yata: vedanIya karma jIvavipAkI hai ataH vaha jIvagata sukha dukha ke hone meM hI nimitta honA cAhiye / sukha aura duHkha ye jIvagata pariNAma haiM, isa liye mukhyataH sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya ye sukha aura duHkha ke honemeM hI nimitta prApta hote haiN| . zaMkA-sukha aura duHkhakI sAmagrI prApta karAnA vedanIya karmakA kArya hai isa kathana ko anucarita mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai ? sAmagrIke sadbhAva aura asadbhAvake sAtha sukha aura duHkhakI vyApti ghaTita nahIM hotii| sukha aura duHkhakI sAmagrI ke rahane para bhI kadAcit prANI ko sukhI aura duHkhI nahIM dekhA jaataa| isI prakAra sukha aura duHkha
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________________ 8.5-13.] mUlaprakRti ke avAntara bheda aura unakA nAmanirdeza 383 kI sAmagrI ke na rahane para bhI kadAcit prANI ko sukhI aura duHkhI dekhA jAtA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki sukha aura duHkha kI sAmagrI prApta karAnA sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya kA kArya nahIM hai kintu vaha sukha aura duHkha ke hone meM nimitta hai| yadi nimitta ko hI kArya batalAyA jAtA hai to yaha kathana upacarita ThaharatA hai aura upacarita kathana ko paramArtha mAna lenA ThIka nahIM hai| isa prakAra yahI Apatti hai jo sukha aura duHkha kI sAmagrI ko vedanIya karma kA anupacarita kArya nahIM siddha hone detii| zaMkA-to yaha bAhya sAmagrI kaise prApta hotI hai ? sAmAdhAna-bAhya sAmagrI apane apane kAraNoM se prApta hotI hai| zaMkA-ve kAraNa kauna se haiM ? samAdhAna-rojagAra karanA, kArakhAne kholanA Adi ve kAraNa haiM jinase bAhya sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| zaMkA-saba prANI rojagAra Adi kyoM nahIM karate haiM ? samAdhAna-yaha apanI apanI ruci aura paristhiti para avalambita hai| zaMkA-ina saba bAtoM ke yA inameM se kisI eka ke karane para bhI hAni dekhI jAti hai so isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? samAdhAna-prayatna kI kamI yA bAhya paristhiti yA donoN| zaMkA-kadAcit vyavasAya Adi ke nahIM karane para bhI dhana prApti dekhI jAti hai so isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? ___ samAdhAna-yahA~ yaha dekhanA hai ki vaha prApti kaise huI hai kyA kisI ke dene se huI yA kahIM par3A huA dhana milane se huI hai ? yadi kisI ke dene se huI hai to isameM jise milA hai usake vidyA Adi guNa kAraNa haiM yA denevAle kI svArthasiddhi prema Adi kAraNa hai| yadi kahIM par3A huA dhana milane se huI hai to aisI dhanaprApti puNyodaya kA phala
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________________ 384 tattvArthasUtra [8. 5-13. kese kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha to corI hai| ataH corI ke bhAva isa dhana prApti meM kAraNa hue na ki sAtA kA udaya / zaMkA-do AdamI eka sAtha ekasA vyavasAya karate haiM phira kyA kAraNa hai ki eka ko lAbha hotA hai aura dUsare ko hAni ? / samAdhAna-vyApAra karane meM apanI apanI yogyatA aura usa samaya kI paristhiti Adi isakA kAraNa hai pApa puNya nhiiN| saMyukta vyApAra meM eka ko hAni aura dUsare ko lAbha ho to kadAcit hAni lAbha pApa puNya kA phala mAnA bhI jaay| para aisA hotA nahIM, ataH hAni lAbha ko pApa puNya kA phala mAnanA kisI bhI hAlata meM ucita nahIM hai| zaMkA-yadi bAhya sAmagrI kA lAbhAlAbha puNya pApa kA phala nahIM hai to phira eka garIba aura dUsarA zrImAn kyoM hotA hai ? ___ samAdhAna-eka kA garIba honA aura dUsare kA zrImAn honA yaha vyavasthA kA phala hai puNya pApa kA nhiiN| jina dezoM meM paMjIvAdI vyavasthA hai aura vyaktigata saMpatti ke jor3ane kI koI maryAdA nahIM vahA~ apanI apanI yogyatA va sAdhanoM ke anusAra loga usakA saMcaya karate haiM aura isI vyavasthA ke anusAra garIba aura amIra ina vargoM kI sRSTi huA karatI hai| garIba aura amIra inako pApa puNya kA phala mAnanA kisI bhI hAlata meM ucita nahIM hai| rUsa ne bahuta kucha aMzoM meM isa vyavasthA ko tor3a diyA hai isaliye vahA~ isa prakAra kA bheda nahIM dikhAI detA hai phira bhI vahA~ puNya aura pApa to hai hii| sacamuca meM puNya aura pApa to vaha hai jo ina bAhya vyavasthAoM ke pare haiM aura vaha hai AdhyAtmika / jaina karmazAstra aise hI puNya pApa kA nirdeza karatA hai| zaMkA-yadi bAhya sAmagrI kA lAbhAlAbha puNya pApa kA phala nahIM hai to siddha jIvoM ko isakI prApti kyoM nahIM hotI ?
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________________ 8.5-13. mUlaprakRti ke avAntara bheda aura unakA nAma nirdeza 385 samAdhAna-bAhya sAmagrI kA sadbhAva jahA~ hai vahIM usakI prApti sambhava hai| yoM to isakI prApti jar3a cetana donoM ko hotI hai| kyoMki tijor3I meM bhI dhana rakhA rahatA hai isaliye use bhI dhana kI prApti kahI jA sakatI hai| kintu jar3a ke rAgAdi bhAva nahIM hotA aura cetana ke hotA hai isaliye vahI usameM mamakAra aura ahaMkAra bhAva karatA hai| zaMkA-yadi bAhya sAmagrI kA lAbhAlAbha puNya pApa kA phala nahIM hai to na sahI para sarogatA aura nIrogatA yaha to pApa puNya kA phala mAnanA hI par3atA hai ? samAdhAna --- sarogatA aura nIrogatA yaha pApa puNya ke udaya kA nimitta bhale hI ho jAya para svayaM yaha pApa puNya kA phala nahIM hai| jisa prakAra bAhya sAmagrI apane apane kAraNoM se prApta hotI hai uso pUkAra sarogatA aura nIrogatA bhI apane apane kAraNoM se prApta hotI hai| ise pApa puNya kA phala mAnanA kisI bhI hAlata meM ucita nahIM hai| zaMkA-sarogatA aura nIrogatA ke kyA kAraNa hai ? samAdhAna-asvAsthyakara AhAra, vihAra va saMgati karanA Adi sarogatA ke kAraNa haiM aura svAsthyavardhaka AhAra, vihAra va saMgati karanA Adi nIrogatA ke kAraNa haiN| ___isa prakAra vicAra karane para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki sAtA vedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya kA kArya sukha aura dukha kI sAmagrI prApta karAnA nahIM hai| svarga meM uttarottara puNyAtizaya ke hone para bhI bAhya sampatti kI uttarottara hInatA dekhI jAtI hai, caturtha Adi narakoM meM sAtA kA udaya hone para bhI bAhya sampatti kI prApti nahIM dekhI jAtI, sAdhuoM ke sAtA kA udaya hone para bhI sampatti kA abhAva dekhA jAtA hai aura pratimA Adi jar3a hone para bhI unakI pUjA pratiSThA dekho jAtI hai, isaliye bhI mAlUma par3atA hai ki sAtA aura asAtA sukha ' aura dukha kI sAmagrI ke janaka nahIM haiN||8||
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________________ 386 tattvArthasUtra [8.5-13. ___ jisakA udaya tattvoM ke yathArtha svarUpa ke zraddhAna na hone dene meM nimitta hai vaha mithyAtvamohinIya karma hai / jisakA udaya tAttvika ruci ra meM bAdhaka na hokara bhI usameM cala, malina aura tIna prakRtiyA~ agAr3ha doSa ke paidA karane meM nimitta hai vaha samya - ktva mohanIya karma hai| tathA jisakA udaya mile hue pariNAmoM ke hone meM nimitta hai jo na kevala samyaktvarUpa kahe jA sakate haiM aura na kevala mithyAtvarUpa kintu ubhayarUpa hote haiM vaha mizramohanIya karma hai| cAritramohanIya ke do bheda haiM eka akaSAyavedanIya aura dUsarA kapAyavedanIya / akaSAya meM 'a' kA artha 'thor3A hai akaSAyavedanIya ke nau bheda arthAt jo 'kaSAya se nyUna hai vaha akaSAyavedanIya hai| isake hAsya Adi nau bheda haiN| jisakA udaya hAsyabhAva ke hone meM nimitta hai vaha hAsya karma hai| jisakA udaya ratirUpa bhAvake honemeM nimitta hai vaha rati karma hai| jisakA udaya aratirUpa pariNAmake hone meM nimitta hai vaha arati karma hai| jisakA udaya zokarUpa pariNAmake honemeM nimitta hai vaha zoka karma hai| jisakA udaya bhayarUpa pariNAmake honemeM nimitta hai vaha bhaya kama hai| jisakA udaya pariNAmoMmeM glAni paidA karanemeM nimitta hai vaha jugupsA kama hai| jisakA udaya apane doSoM ko jhakane AdirUpa strI sulabha bhAvoM ke hone meM nimitta hai vaha strIveda karma hai| jisakA udaya uttama guNoM ko bhogane AdirUpa puruSa sulabha bhAvoM ke hone meM nimitta hai vaha puruSaveda karma hai tathA jisakA udaya strI aura puruSa sulabha bhAvoM se vilakSaNa kaluSita pariNAmoM ke hone meM nimitta hai vaha napuMsakaveda kama hai| __zaMkA-jo garbhadhAraNa kare vaha strI, jo apatya ko janma de vaha puruSa aura jo strI aura puruSa ina donoM se vyatirikta cinhavAlA ho vaha napuMsaka / yadi strIveda Adi kA yaha artha kiyA jAya to kyA Apatti hai ?
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________________ 8.5-13. ] mUlaprakRti ke avAntara bheda aura unakA nAma nirdeza 387 samAdhAna-ukta artha zarIra cinha kI pradhAnatA se kiyA gayA hai kintu veda nokaSAya meM jIvakA pariNAma vivakSita hai, isaliye prakRta meM zarIra cinha kI apekSA se artha na karake pariNAmoM kI apekSA se strIveda Adi kA artha karanA ucita hai| __ ananta arthAt saMsAra kA kAraNa hone se mithyAdarzana ananta kahalAtA hai aura jo karma isakA anubandhI ho vaha anantAnubandhI kaSAyavedanIyake ra krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha kahalAtA hai| jisakA udaya jIvake dezaviratike dhAraNa nahIM karanemeM nimitta solaha bheda hai vaha karma apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kahalAtA hai| jisa karma kA udaya jIva ke sarvavirati ke nahIM dhAraNa karane meM nimitta hai vaha kama pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kahalAtA hai| tathA jisakA udaya sarvavirati kA pratibandha nahIM karatA kintu sarvavirati meM pramAda doSa ke lagAne meM nimitta hotA hai vaha saMjvalana krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha hai // 9 // jinakA udaya naraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura devaparyAya meM jAkara ra jIvana bitAne meM nimitta hotA hai ve krama se narakAya, - tiryaJcAyu, manuSyAyu aura devAyu haiN| ye cAroM bhavavipAkI karma haiM, isaliye inakA narakAdi bhavoM ke nimitta rUpa se vipAka hotA hai // 10 // __ jisakA udaya jIvake nAraka Adi rUpa bhAvake honemeM nimitta hai vaha gati nAmakarma hai| isake narakagati, tiryaJcagati, manuSyagati aura devagati caudaha piNDa . ye cAra bheda haiM / narakagatikA udaya nAraka bhAvake hone prakRtiyA~ meM nimitta hai| isI prakAra zeSa gatiyoM ke sambandha meM jAnanA cAhiye / jAti kA artha sadRzatA hai| prakRta meM isake ekendriya jAti, dvIndriya jAti, jIndriya jAti, caturindriya jAti
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________________ 388 tattvArthasUtra [8.5-13. aura paMcendriya jAti ye pA~ca bheda haiN| inakA udaya jIva ke apanI apanI jAti meM paidA hone meM nimitta hai| audArika Adi zarIroM ko prApta karAne meM nimitta zarIra nAmakarma hai| zarIra ke pA~ca bheda pahale batalA Aye haiN| zarIra ke aGga aura upAGgoM ke hone meM nimitta prAGgopAGga nAmakama hai| isake audArika zarIra AGgopAGga, vaikriyika zarIra AGgopAGga aura AhAraka zarIra AGgopAGga ye tIna bheda haiN| jisa karma kA udaya zarIra ke liye prApta hue pudgaloM kA paraspara bandhana karAne meM nimitta hai vaha bandhana nAmakarma hai| isake audArika bandhana Adi pA~ca bheda haiN| jisa nAmakarma kA udaya zarIra ke liye prApta hue pudgaloM kA bandhana chidrarahita hokara eka-sA ho jAya isa kriyA meM nimitta hai vaha saGghAta nAmakarma hai / isake audArika saGghAta Adi pA~ca bheda haiN| jisa 'nAmakarma kA udaya zarIra kI AkRti banane meM nimitta hai vaha saMsthAna nAmakarma hai| isake samacaturastra saMsthAna, nyagrodhaparimaNDalasaMsthAna, svAtisaMsthAna, kubjasaMsthAna, vAmanasaMsthAna aura huNDasaMsthAna ye chaH bheda haiM / zarIra kA ThIka pramANa meM honA samacaturasrasaMsthAna hai| zarIra kA var3a ke vRkSa ke samAna Ayata gola honA nyagrodhaparimaNDalasaMsthAna hai / svAti vAmI yA semara ko kahate haiN| inake samAna arthAt zarIra kA nAbhi se nIce bar3A aura Upara choTA honA svAtisaMsthAna hai| zarIra kA kubar3A honA arthAt hAtha, pA~va aura gardana kA lambA honA aura madhya bhAga kA choTA honA kubjasaMsthAna hai, zarIra kA bonA honA arthAt hAtha, pA~va aura gardana Adi kA choTA honA aura madhya bhAga kA bar3A honA vAmanasaMsthAna hai aura zarIra kA viSama avayavoM vAlA honA huNDasaMsthAna hai| jisako jaisA zarIra kA AkAra milatA hai usameM nimitta saMsthAna nAmakarma kA udaya hai| jisa karma kA udya zarIra meM hAr3a aura sandhiyoM kI utpatti meM nimitta hai vaha saMhanana nAmakarma hai| isake vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhanana, vajranArAcasaMhanana, nArAcasaMhanana,
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________________ 8. 5-13.] mUlaprakRti ke avAntara bheda aura unakA nAmanirdeza 389 ardhanArAcasaMhanana, kIlitasaMhanana aura asamprAptAmRpATikAsaMhanana ye chaH bheda haiM / vRSabha kA artha veSTana hai| nArAca kA artha kIleM hai aura saMhanana kA artha haDDiyA~ hai| jisa zarIra ke veSTana, kIleM aura haDDiyA~ vajramaya hoM vaha vajravRpabhanArAcasaMhanana hai| jisa zarIra meM kIleM aura haDDiyA~ vajramaya hoM kintu una para veSTana na ho vaha vacanArAcasaMhananda hai| jisa zarIra meM haDDiyA~ kIloM se kolita hoM vaha nArAcasaMhanana hai| jisa zarIra meM AdhI haDDiyA~ kIloM se kIlita hoM aura AdhI kIloM se kIlita na hoM vaha ardhanArAcasaMhanana hai| jisa zarIra meM haDDiyA~ paraspara kIlita hoM vaha kIlitasaMhanana hai| jisa zarIra meM har3iyA~ paraspara jur3I huI na hoM kintu zirAoM se baMdhI hoM vaha asamprAptArapA. TikAsaMhanana hai / inameM se jisako jaisA saMhananavAlA zarIra milatA hai usameM vaisA saMhanana milane meM saMhanana nAmakarma kA udaya nimitta hotA hai| zarIragata zIta Adi ATha sparza, tikta Adi pA~ca rana, surabhi Adi do gandha aura zveta Adi pA~ca varNa inake hone meM nimitta bhUta karma anukrama se sparzanAma, rasanAma, gandhanAma aura varNanAma karma kahalAte haiN| jisa karma kA udaya vigrahagati meM jIva kA AkAra pUrvavat banAye rakhane meM nimitta hai vaha AnupUrvI nAmakarma hai| isake narakagatyAnupUrvo, tiryaJcagatyAnupUrvI, manuSyagatyAnupUrvI aura devagatyAnupUrvI ye cAra bheda haiN| prazasta aura aprazasta gati kA nimittabhUta karma vihAyogati nAmakarma hai| ina caudaha prakRtiyoM ke avAntara bheda hone ke kAraNa ye piNDa prakRtiyA~ kahalAtI haiN| inake kula avAntara bheda 65 hue jo usa usa piNDa prakRti ke varNana ke samaya batalAye hI haiN| yadi bandhana ke pA~ca bheda na karake pandraha bheda kiye jAte haiM to unakI saMkhyA 75 ho jAtI hai| jisa nAmakarma kA udaya zarIra ke na to bhArI hone meM aura na halakA hone meM nimitta hai vaha agurulaghu nAmakarma hai| jisa kI kA
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [8.5-13. udaya zarIrake apane hI avayavoM se apanA ghAta hone meM nimitta hai vaha . upaghAta nAmakarma hai| athavA jisa nAmakarma ke udaya pATha pratyeka se jIva apanA ghAta karane ke liye vipa zrAdi lAtA prakRtiyA~ hai vaha upaghAta nAmakarma hai| jisa karma kA udaya zarIra meM aise avayavoM yA pudgaloM ke nirmANa meM nimitta hai jisase dUsare kA ghAta ho vaha paraghAta nAmakarma hai| jisa nAmakarma kA udaya jIva ko zvAsocchrAsa ke lene meM nimitta hai vaha ucchrAsa nAmakarma hai| anuSNa zarIra meM uSNa prakAza ke hone meM jo karma nimitta hai vaha AtaSa nAmakarma hai| jisa karma kA udaya anuSNa zarIra meM zIta prakAza ke hone meM nimitta hai vaha udyota nAmakarma hai| jisa nAmakarma kA udaya zarIra meM prAGgopAGgoM ke yathAsthAna hone meM nimitta hai vaha nirmANa nAmakarma hai / jisa nAmakarma kA udya jIva ke tIrthakara hone meM nimitta hai vaha tIrthakaratva nAmakarma hai| 1,2-jisa karmakA udaya jIva ko trasabhAvake prApti karAne meM nimitta hai vaha trasanAma hai| jisa karmakA udaya jIva ko sthAvara bhAvake prApta karAne meM nimitta hai vaha sthAvara nAma hai / 3,4-jisa karmakA udaya jIvake bAdara hone meM nimitta hai vaha bAdara pApa nAma hai| jisa karmakA udaya jIva ke sUkSma honemeM nimitta hai vaha sUkSma nAmakarma hai| jinakA nivAsa AdhArake binA nahIM pAyA jAtA ve bAdara haiM aura jinheM AdhArako AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI ve sUkSma haiN| 5,6-jisakA udaya prANIyoMko apane apane yogya paryAptiyoMke pUrA karane meM nimitta hai vaha paryApta nAmakarma hai| jisakA udaya apane apane yogya paryAptiyoMko pUrNa na kara sakanemeM nimitta hai vaha aparyApta nAmakarma hai / 7,8-jisakA udaya pratyeka jIvako alaga alaga zarIra prApta karAnemeM nimitta hai vaha pratyeka nAma karma hai aura jisakA udaya ananta jIvoMko eka sAdhAraNa zarIra prApta karAnemeM nimitta hai. trisada sthAvarada
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________________ 8. 5-13.] mUlaprakRti ke avAntara bheda aura unakA nAmanirdeza 361 vaha sAdhAraNa nAmakarma hai| 6, 10-jisakA udaya rasa, rudhira, medA, majjA haDDI, mAMsa aura vIye inake sthira rahane meM nimitta hai vaha sthira nAmakarma hai aura jisakA udaya inake kramase pariNamanameM nimitta hai vaha asthira nAmakarma hai / 11,12-jisakA udaya AMgopAMgoMke prazasta hone meM nimitta hai vaha zubhanAma karma hai aura jisakA udaya AMgopAMgoM ke aprazasta honemeM nimitta hai vaha azubha nAmakarma hai / 13,14-strI aura puruSoMke saubhAgyameM nimitta subhaga nAmakarma hai aura durbhAgyameM nimitta durbhaga nAmakarma hai| 15,16---jisakA udaya madhura svarake hone meM nimitta hai vaha susvara nAma kama hai aura isake viparIta duHsvara nAmakarma haiN| 17,18-jisa karmakA udaya jIvake bahumAnya aura grahaNa karane yogya hone meM nimitta hai vaha prAdeya nAma karma hai aura isake viparIta anAdeya nAmakarma hai / 16,-20jisakA udaya jIvameM aisI yogyatAke lAnemeM nimitta hai jisase usake udaya vidyamAna aura avidyamAna sabhI prakArake guNoMkA prakAzana hotA hai vaha yazaHkIrti nAma karma hai aura isase viparIta ayazaHkoti nAmakarma hai ye nAma karmakI bayAlIsa prakRtiyAM hai jinakA svarUpa nirdeza yahAM para kiyA hai| para aisA karate hue sUtra pAThakA khyAla nahIM rakhA hai isase unakA vibhAga karane meM vizeSa suvidhA raho hai // 11 // jisa karmakA udaya ucca gotrake prApta karane meM nimitta hai vaha ucca gotra hai / aura jisakA udaya nIca gotrake prApta karane meM nimitta hai vaha nIca gotra hai| gotra, kula, vaMza aura santAna ye ekArtha vAcI zabda ra haiN| brAhmaNa paraMparA varNavyavasthA janmase mAnatI hai " isaliye usake yahAM ucca gotra aura nIcagotra vibhAga prakRtiyAM - usa AdhArase kiyA gayA hai para jaina paramparA yaha saba karmase mAnatI hai / isa liye isa paramparAmeM gotrakA vibhAga varNavyavasthA ke AdhArase nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahAM isakA AdhAra
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________________ 392 tattvArthasUtra [8. 14-20. cAritra mAnA gayA hai / jo prANI apane vartamAna jIvana meM cAritrako svIkAra karatA hai aura jisakA sambandha bhI aise hI logoMse hotA hai vaha uccagotrI hai aura isase viparIta nIcagotrI hai||| 12 // 1 jisa karmakA udaya jJAnAdi ke dAna karaneke bhAva na hone dene meM nimitta hai vaha dAnAntarAya karma hai| 2 jisa karmakA udaya mujhe lAbha huA aisA bhAva na hone dene meM nimitta hai vaha lAbhAantarAya karma kI ra ntarAya karma hai| 3 jisa karmakA udaya bhogarUpa va pAMca prakRtiyAM pariNAmake na hone dene meM nimitta hai vaha bhogAntarAya - karma hai / 4 jisa karmakA udaya upabhogarUpa pariNAma ke na hone denemeM nimitta hai vaha upabhogAntarAya karma hai / aura 5 jisakarmakA udya AtmavIrya prakaTa na hone dene meM nimitta hai vaha vIryAntarAya karma hai||13|| sthitibandhakA varNanaAditastisRNAmantarAyasya ca triMzatsAgaropamakoTIkoTayaH parA sthitiH // 14 // saptatirmohanIyasya // 15 // viMzatinAmagotrayoH // 16 // trayastriMzatsAgaropamANyAyuSaH // 17 // aparA dvAdazamuhUrtA vedanIyasya // 18 / nAmagotrayoraSTau // 19 // zeSANAmantamuhUrtA // 20 // Adi ko tIna prakRtiyAM arthAt jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura vedanIya tathA antarAya ina cArakI utkRSTa sthiti tIsa koTAkoTI sAgaropama hai|
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________________ 8. 14-20.] sthitibandha kA varNana 393 mohanIya kI utkRSTa sthiti sattara koTAkoTI sAgaropama hai| nAma aura gotrakI utkRSTa sthiti bIsa koTAkoTI sAgaropama hai| Ayu karmakI utkRSTa sthiti tetIsa sAgaropama hai| vedanIyakI jaghanya sthiti bAraha muhUrta hai| nAma aura gotrakI jaghanya sthiti ATha muhUrta hai| bAkIke pAMca karmoMkI jaghanya sthiti antamuharta hai| prastuta sUtroM meM AThoM mUla prakRtiyoM kA utkRSTa aura jaghanya sthiti bandha batalAyA gayA hai| utkRSTa sthiti kI prApti mithyAdRSTi saMjJI paryApta paMcendriya jIva ke hI sambhava hai anya ke nahIM; kintu isakA eka apavAda hai aura vaha yaha ki Ayukarma kA utkRSTa sthitibandha samyagdRSTi ke bhI hotA hai| bAta yaha hai ki vaimAnikoM ke yogya tetIsa sAgaropama pramANa utkRSTa sthitibandha sakala saMyama kA dhArI samyagdRSTi hI karatA hai mithyAdRSTi nhiiN| tathA jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, nAma, gotra aura antarAya inakI jaghanya sthiti sUkSmasAmparAya guNasthAna ke antima samaya meM prApta hotI hai, kyoM ki jaghanya sthitibandha ke kAraNabhUta sUkSma kaSAya kA sadbhAva vahIM para pAyA jAtA hai| yadyapi vedanIya karma kA IryApatha Asrava terahaveM guNasthAna taka batalAyA hai aura isaliye isakI bandhavyucchitti terahaveM guNasthAna ke antima samaya meM hotI hai| parantu isakA bhI sthiti aura anubhAgabandha dasava guNasthAna taka hI hotA hai, kyoM ki agale guNasthAnoM meM ina donoM bandhoM kA kAraNabhUta kaSAya kA sadbhAva nahIM pAyA jAtA / ataH vedanIya kI jadhanya sthiti bhI dasaveM guraNasthAna ke antima samaya meM hI kahI hai| mohanIya kA jaghanya sthitibandha nauveM anivRtti karaNa guNasthAna meM prApta hotA hai| aura Ayukarma kA jaghanya sthitibandha karmabhUmija tiyaca aura manuSyoM ke sambhava hai| isa utkRSTa aura jaghanya sthitibandha ke atirikta madhyama sthitivandha ke asaMkhyAta vikalpa haiN|
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________________ 394 tattvArthasUtra [ 8. 21-23. utkRSTa sthiti meM se jaghanya sthiti ke ghaTA dene para jo zeSa rahe usameM se eka aura kama kara dene para jitane samaya prApta hoM utane madhyama sthiti bandha ke bheda hote haiM aura ghaTAkara zeSa rahI saMkhyA meM jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti ke do samaya milA dene para kula sthitibandha ke vikalpa hote haiM / / 14-20 / / anubhAgabandha kA varNana vipAko'nubhavaH // 21 // sa yathAnAma || 22 // tatazca nirjarA // 23 // fare arthAt vividha prakAra ke phala dene kI zakti kA par3anA hI anubhava hai / vaha jisa karma kA jaisA nAma hai usake anusAra hotA hai / aura usake bAda arthAt phala mila jAne ke bAda nirjarA hotI hai / karmabandha ke samaya jisa jIva ke kaSAya kI jaisI tIvratA yA mandatA rahatI hai aura use dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva rUpa jaisA nimitta milatA hai usake anusAra usa karma meM phala dene kI zakti par3atI hai / usameM bhI karmabandha ke samaya yadi zubha pariNAma hote haiM to puNya prakRtiyoM meM prakRSTa aura pApaprakRtiyoM meM nikRSTa phaladAna zakti prApta hotI hai / aura yadi karmabandha ke samaya zubha pariNAmoM kI tIvratA hotI hai to pApa prakRtiyoM meM prakRSTa aura puNya prakRtiyoM meM nikRSTa phaladAna zakti prApta hotI hai / Wu anubhava kA kAraNa yadyapi yaha anubhava arthAt phaladAna zakti isa prakAra prApta hotA " hai tathApi usakI pravRtti do prakAra se dekhI jAtI hai--svamukha se aura paramukha se / jJAnAvaraNAdi AThoM mUla prakRtiyoM meM yaha phaladAna zakti svamukha se hI pravartatI hai aura pravRtti uttara prakRtiyoM meM svamukha se bhI pravartatI hai aura paramukha se bhI pravartatI hai| vizeSa khulAsA isa prakAra hai anubhava kI dighA
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________________ 8. 21-23. ] anubhAgabandha kA varNana 395 aisA niyama hai ki AThoM mUla prakRtiyoM kA paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA arthAt eka mUla prakRti dUsarI mUlaprakRti rUpa nahIM badalatI, vaha svamukha se hI phala dekara nirjarA ko prApta hotI hai / kintu uttara prakRtiyoM meM yaha niyama nahIM hai / unameM samAna jAtIya prakRtiyoM kA apanI samAna jAtIya dUsarI prakRtiyoM meM bhI saMkramaNa dekhA jAtA hai, arthAt eka prakRti badala kara dUsarI prakRti rUpa ho jAtI hai / jaise matijJAnAvaraNa badala kara zrutajJAnAvaraNa Adi rUpa ho jAtA hai / arthAt jaba matijJAnAvaraNa badalakara zrutajJAnAvaraNa Adi rUpa ho jAtA hai taba udayakAla meM vaha apanA phala usa rUpa se detA hai / isI prakAra saba uttara prakRtiyoM ke viSaya meM jAnanA cAhiye / phira bhI kucha aisI uttara prakRtiyA~ haiM jinakA paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA / jaise- darzanamohanIya kA cAritramohanIyarUpa aura cAritramohanIya kA darzanamohanIya rUpa saMkramaNa nahIM hotA / hA~ darzanamohanIyake avAntara bhedoM kA paraspara meM aura cAritramohanIya ke avAntara bhedoM kA paraspara meM saMkramaNa honA avazya sambhava hai| isI prakAra cAroM AyuoM kA bhI paraspara meM saMkramaNa nahIM hotA, arthAt eka Ayu ke karma paramANu badala kara dUsarI yurUpa kabhI nahIM hote, kintu pratyeka Ayu svamukha se hI phala dekara nirjarA ko prApta hotI hai / aisA bhI hotA hai ki eka karma prakRti ke paramANu anya prakRtirUpa bhI badaleM to bhI bandhakAlIna sthiti aura anubhAga meM pariNAmoM ke anusAra badala hotA dekhA jAtA hai| adhika sthiti ghaTa sakatI hai aura ghaTI huI sthiti bar3ha sakatI hai| isI prakAra anubhAga bhI nyUnAdhika ho sakatA hai| isameM se ghaTane kA nAma apakarSaNa hai aura bar3hane kA nAma utkarSaNa hai / kintu apakarSaNa kA honA kabhI bhI sambhava hai. para utkarSa jisa prakRtikI sthiti aura anubhAga kA ho usake bandha ke samaya hI hotA hai /
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________________ unakA anubhava 396 tattvArthasUtra [8.21-23. aba prazna yaha hai ki kisa prakRtiko kaisA anubhAga prApta hotA hai| isakA yahI samAdhAna hai ki jisa prakRtikA jo nAma hai usI ke anuprakRtiyoMke nAmAnurUpa . sAra usakA anubhAgabandha hotA hai| jaise jJAnA"varaNa prakRtimeM jJAnako aura darzanAvaraNameM darzanako AvRtta karanekA anubhAga prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra anya mUla va saba uttara prakRtiyoMke viSayameM jAnanA caahiye| __ pahale jisa karmakA jaisA anubhAga batalA Aye haiM usIke anusAra usa karmakA phala milatA hai| tathA phala milaneke bAda vaha karma AtmA se judA ho jAtA hai aura isIkA nAma nirjarA hai| phaladAna ke bAda * yaha nirjarA savipAka aura avipAka ke bheda se do karmakI dazA . - prakAra kI hotI hai| vipAka phalakAlako kahate haiN| phala kAlake prApta hone para phala dekara jo karmakI nirjarA hotI hai vaha savipAka nirjarA hai aura phalakAlake prApta hue binA udIraNA dvArA phala dekara jo karmakI nirjarA hotI hai vaha avipAka nirjarA hai| per3ameM lage lage hI AmakA pakakara giranA savipAka nirjarAkA udAharaNa hai aura pakaneke pahale hI tor3akara pAla dvArA prAmakA pakAnA avipAka nirjarAkA udAharaNa hai| sUtra meM 'ca' zabda rakhakara nirjarA kA anya nimitta sUcita kiyA hai| agale adhyAyameM tapase nirjarA hotI hai yaha batalAne vAle haiM, isaliye isa sUtra meM 'ca' zabda denese yaha jJAta hotA hai ki phala kAlake pUrA hone para phala dekara bhI karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai aura anya nimittoM se bhI karmokI nirjarA hotI hai| hara hAlatameM karma kisI na kisI rUpameM apanA phala avazya detA hai| binA phala diye kisI bhI karma kI nirjarA nahIM hotI itanA nizcita hai / isake viSayameM yaha niyama hai ki udayavAlI prakRtiyoMkA phala svamukhase milatA hai aura anudayavAlI prakRtiyoM kA phala paramukhase milatA hai| udAharaNArtha-sAtAkA
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________________ 367 8. 24.] pradezabandhakA varNana udaya rahane para usakA bhoga sAtArUpa se hI hotA hai kintu tava asAtA stibuka saMkramaNa dvArA sAtArUpa se pariNamana karatI jAtI hai isa liye isakA udaya paramukha se hotA hai| udya kAlake eka samaya pahale anudayarUpa prakRtike niSeka kA udaya ko prApta huI prakRtirUpase pariNama jAnA stivuka saMkramaNa hai| jo prakRtiyAM jisa kAlameM udayameM nahIM hotI haiM kintu sattArUpameM vidyamAna rahatI haiM una sabakA prati samaya isI prakAra pariNamana hotA rahatA hai / / 21-23 // pradezabandhakA varNana -- nAmapratyayAH sarvato yogavizeSAt sUkSmaikakSetrAvagAhasthitAH sarvAtmapradezeSvanantAnantapradezAH // 24 // prati samaya yoga vizeSa se karmaprakRtiyoMke kAraNabhUta sUkSma, eka kSetrAvagAhI aura sthita anantAnanta pudgala paramANu saba AtmapradezoMmeM ( sambandhako prApta) hote haiN|| ___ isa sUtra dvArA pradezabandhakA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / saMsArI AtmA ke jo prati samaya karmabandha hotA hai vaha kaisA, kaba, kisa kAraNase, kisameM aura kitanA hotA hai inhIM saba praznoMkA isameM samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai| 'nAmapratyayAH' pada dekara yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki ina baMdhanevAle karmoM dvArA hI jJAnAvaraNAdi alaga alaga prakRtiyoMkA nirmANa hotA hai| dUsare "sarvataH' pada dekara batalAyA gayA hai ki saMsArI jIvake ina karmoMkA sadA bandha hotA rahatA hai| aisA eka bhI kSaNa nahIM jaba inakA bandha na hotA ho / tIsare 'yogavizeSAt' pada dekara yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki jisake mAnasika, vAcika yA kAyika jaisA yoga hotA hai usake anusAra karmoM kA nyUnAdhika bandha hotA hai| yA isa pada dvArA yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki pradezabandhakA mukhya kAraNa yoga hai| yogakA abhAva ho jAnepara karmabandha nahIM hotaa| cauthe 'sUkSma
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________________ tattvArthasUtra 8.24. pada dekara yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki baMdhanevAle ye pudgala paramANu sUkSma hote haiM sthUla nhiiN| pAMcaveM 'eka kSetrAvagAha' pada dekara yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki jIva pradezake kSetravartI karma paramANuoMkA hI grahaNa hotA hai / jo karmaparamANu usake bAhara ke kSetrameM sthita haiM unakA grahaNa nahIM hotA / chaThe sthita' pada dekara yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki sthita karma paramANuoMkA hI grahaNa hotA hai gatazIla karma paramANuoMkA nhiiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa samaya AtmAke vivakSita pradeza jisa kSetrameM hote haiM usa samaya vahA~ ke baMdhane yogya karmaparamANu una pradezoMse baMdha jAte haiN| sAtaveM sarvAtmapradezeSu' pada dekara yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki kisI samayameM kinhIM AtmapradezoMmeM aura kisI samayameM kinhIM AtmapradezoM meM bandha hotA ho aisA nahIM hai kintu prati samaya sabhI AtmapradezoMmeM bandha hotA hai| AThaveM 'anantAnantapradezAH' pada dekara yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki prati samaya baMdhanevAle karmaparamANu saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta yA ananta na hokara anantAnanta hote haiN| isa prakAra prastuta sUtra meM pradezabandhakA vicAra karate hue ukta ATha bAtoMpara prakAza DAlA gayA hai|||24|| karma ke sambandhameM kucha vizeSa jJAtavya--- ___ karmoM kA bandha AtmAke pariNAmoMke anusAra hotA hai aura ve, jaisA unameM svabhAva va hInAdhika phaladAna zakti par3a jAtI hai tadanusAra jIvakI paratantratA __ kArya ke hone meM nimitta hote rahate haiN| yoM to jIva kA kAraNa karma hai . hI svayaM saMsArI hotA hai aura jova hI mukta hotA 9 hai| rAga dveSa Adi rUpa azuddha aura kavalajJAna AdirUpa zuddha jitanI bhI avasthAaiM hotI haiM ve saba jIvakI hI hotI haiN| ye jIvake sivA anya dravyameM nahIM pAI jAtI haiN| tathApi inameM zuddhatA aura azuddhatAkA bhed nimittakI atekSAse kiyA jAtA hai| nimitta do prakArake mAne gaye haiN| eka ve jo sAdhAraNa kAraNa rUpase
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________________ 366 8. 24.] pradezabandhakA varNana svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina cAra dravyoM kA sadbhAva isI rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| aura dUsare ke jo pratyeka kArya ke alaga-alaga nimitta hote haiN| jaise ghaTa paryAya ko utpatti meM kumhAra nimitta hai aura jIva ko azuddhatA kA nimitta karma hai Adi / jaba taka jIva ke sAtha karma kA sambandha hai tabhI taka ye. rAga, dveSa aura moha Adi bhAva hote haiN| karma ke abhAva meM nahIM / isI se saMsAra kA mukhya kAraNa karma kahA jAtA hai| ghara, putra, strI.. aura dhana Adi kA nAma saMsAra nahIM hai| vaha to jIva kI azuddhatA hai jo karma ke sadbhAva meM hI pAI jAtI hai| karma kA aura saMsAra kA anvaya vyatireka sambandha hai| yadi inakI samavyApti mAnI jAya to atyukti nahIM hogii| jaba taka yaha sambandha banA rahatA hai taba taka jIva paratantra hai| ____ karma kA artha kriyA hai| kriyA aneka prakAra kI hotI hai| husanA khelanA, kUdanA, uThanA, baiThanA, ronA, gAnA, jAnA, yAnA, khAnA, pInA Adi ye saba kriyAyeM haiN| kriyA..jar3a aura. karma kA svarUA cetana donoM meM hotI hai| karma kA sambandha, AtmA se hone ke kAraNa yahA~ kevala jar3a ko kiyA nahIM lI gaI hai| aura zuddha jIva niSkriya hai| vaha sadA hI AkAza ke samAna nirlepa aura bhittI meM ukIre gaye citra ke samAna niSpa rahatA hai| kriyA kA matalaba yahA~ utpAda vyaya dhrauvya se nahIM hai| kintu yahA~ kriyA kA artha parispanda liyA gayA hai| parispandAtmaka kiyAM sajA padArthoM meM nahIM hotI / vaha pudgala aura saMsArI jIva meM ho pAI jAtI hai, isaliye prakRta meM karma kA artha saMsArI jIva kI kriyA liyA gayA hai / Azaya yaha hai ki saMsArI jIva kI prati samaya parispandAtmaka jI bhI kriyA hotI hai vaha karma kahalAtA hai| yadyapi karma kA mukhya artha yahI hai tathApi isake misina se jo 26
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________________ 400 tattvArtha sUtra [ 8.24. kaha pudgala paramANu jJAnAvaraNAdi bhAva ko prApta hote haiM ve bhI karma lAte haiN| inameM karma vyavahAra karane kA kAraNa dravya nikSepa hai / dravya nikSepa ke noAgama bheda kA eka bheda karma hai / yahI karma zabda kA vAcya yahA~ liyA gayA hai isaliye isakI dravya karma yaha bhI saMjJA hai / jo gama kA dUsarA bheda nokarma hai| isase karmodaya ke sahakArI kAraNa liye jAte haiM / dhanAdi sAtA ke nokarma haiM / isI prakAra anya karma bhI jAnane cAhiye / jIva ko prati samaya jo avasthA hotI hai usakA citra karma hai / jIva kI yaha avasthA yadyapi usI samaya naSTa ho jAtI hai para saMskAra rUpa se vaha karma meM aMkita rahatI hai / prati samaya ke karma jude jude haiM aura jaba taka ye phala nahIM de lete naSTa nahIM hote / binA bhoge karma kA kSaya nahIM hotA aisA niyama hai / 'nAbhuktaM kSIyate karma / ' 1 karma kA bhoga vividha prakAra se hotA hai / kabhI jaisA karma kA saMcaya kiyA hai usI rUpa meM use bhoganA par3atA hai / kabhI nyUna, adhika yA viparIta rUpa se use bhoganA par3atA hai| kabhI do karma milakara eka kArya karate haiM / sAtA aura asAtA inake kAma jude jude haiM para kabhI ye donoM milakara sukha yA dukha kisI eka ko janma dete haiM / kabhI eka karma vibhakta hokara vibhAgAnusAra kAma karatA hai / udAharaNArtha mithyAtva kA mithyAtva samyagmithyAtva aura samyaka prakRtirUpa se vibhAga ho jAne para inake kArya bhI jude jude ho jAte haiM / kabhI niyata kAla ke pahale karma apanA kArya karatA hai to kabhI niyata kAla se bahuta samaya bAda usakA phala dekhA jAtA hai / jisa karma kA jaisA nAma, sthiti aura phaladAna zakti hai usI ke anusAra usakA phala milatA hai yaha sAdhAraNa niyama hai / apavAda isake aneka haiM kucha karma aise avazya haiM jinakI prakRti nahIM badalatI / udAharaNArtha 3 1 karma kI vividha avasthAe~
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________________ 8. 24, pradezabandhakA varNana cAra Ayukarma / AyukarmoM meM jisa Ayu kA bandha hotA hai usI rUpa meM use bhoganA par3atA hai| usake sthiti anubhAga meM ulaTa phera bhale hI ho jAya para bhoga unakA apanI apanI prakRti ke anusAra hI hotA hai| yaha kabhI sambhava nahIM ki narakAyu ko tiryaJcAyu rUpa se bhogA jA sake yA tiyazcAyu ko narakAyu rUpa se bhogA jA sake / zepa karmA ke viSaya meM aisA koI niyama nahIM hai| moTA niyama itanA avazya hai ki mUla karma meM badala nahIM hotaa| isa niyama ke anusAra darzanamohanIya aura cAritramohanIya ye mUla karma mAna lie gaye haiN| karma kI ye vividha avasthAeM haiM jo bandha samaya se lekara unakI nirjarA hone taka yathAsambhava hotI haiN| inake nAma ye haiM___bandha, sattva, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa, udya, udIraNA, upazAnta, nidhatti aura nikaacnaa| ____bandha-karmavargaNAoM kA AtmapradezoM se sambaddha honA bandha hai| isake prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza ye cAra bheda haiN| jisa kama kA jo svabhAva hai vaha usakI prakRti hai| yathA jJAnAvaraNa kA svabhAva jJAna ko zrAvRta karanA hai| sthiti kAlamaryAdA ko kahate haiN| kisa karma kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa kitanI sthiti par3atI hai isa sambandha meM alaga alaga niyama hai / anubhAga phaladAna zakti ko kahate hai / pratyeka kama meM nyUnAdhika phala dene kI yogyatA hotI hai / prati samaya ba~dhanevAle karma paramANuoM kI parigaNanA pradeza bandha meM kI jAtI hai| kama paramANu aura AtmapradezoM kA paraspara eka kSetrAvagAhI saMzleSarUpa sambandha honA yaha bhI pradezabandha hai| sattva-ba~dhane ke bAda karma AtmA se sambaddha rahatA hai| tatkAla to vaha apanA kAma karatA hI nhiiN| kintu jaba taka vaha apanA kAma nahIM karatA hai taba taka usakI vaha avasthA sattA nAma se abhihita hotI hai| utkarSaNa Adi ke nimitta se honevAle apavAda ko chor3akara
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________________ 402 tattvArtha sUtra [ 8.24. sAdhAraNataH pratyeka karma ke viSaya meM niyama hai ki vaha ba~dhane ke bAda kaba se kAma karane lagatA hai / bIca meM jitane kAla taka kAma nahIM karatA hai usakI bAdhAkAla saMjJA hai / AbAdhAkAla ke bAda prati samaya eka eka niSeka kAma karatA hai / yaha kAma vivakSita karma ke pUre hone taka cAlU rahatA hai / Agama meM prathama niSeka kI bAdhA dI gaI hai| zeSa niSekoM kI AbAdhA krama se eka eka samaya bar3hatI jAtI hai / isa hisAba se antima niSeka kI bAdhA eka samaya kama karmasthiti pramANa hotI hai / Ayukarma ke prathama nipeka kI krama judA hai / zeSa krama samAna hai / bAdhA kA utkarSaNa -- sthiti aura anubhAga ke bar3hAne kI utkarSaNa saMjJA hai / yaha kriyA bandha ke samaya hI sambhava hai / arthAt jisa karma kA sthiti aura anubhAga bar3hAyA jAtA hai usakA punaH bandha hone para pichale ba~dhe hue karma kA navIna bandha ke samaya sthiti anubhAga bar3ha sakatA hai / yaha sAdhAraNa niyama hai / apavAda isake aneka haiM / apakarSaNa sthiti aura anubhAga ke ghaTAne kI apakarSaNa saMjJA hai / kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara kisI bhI karma kI sthiti aura anubhAga kama kiyA jA sakatA hai / itanI vizeSatA hai ki zubha pariNAmoM se azubha karmoM kA sthiti aura anubhAga kama hotA hai / tathA azubha pariNAmoM se zubha karmoM kA sthiti aura anubhAga kama hotA hai / saMkramaNa - eka karma prakRti ke paramANuoM kA sajAtIya dUsarI prakRtirUpa ho jAnA saMkramaNa hai yathA asAtA ke paramANuoM kA sAtArUpa ho jAnA / mUla karmoM kA paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA / yathA jJAnAvaraNa darzanAvaraNa nahIM ho sakatA / Ayukarma ke avAntara bhedoM kA paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA aura na darzanamohanIya kA cAritramohanIya rUpa se yA cAritramohanIya kA darzanamohanIya rUpa se hI saMkramaNa hotA hai|
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________________ 8. 24. pradezabandhakA varNana ____ udaya-pratyeka karma kA phala kAla nizcita rahatA hai| isake prApta hone para karma ke phala denerUpa avasthA kI udaya saMjJA hai| phala dene ke bAda usa karma kI nirjarA ho jAtI hai| AtmA se jitane jAti ke karma sambaddha rahate haiM ve saba ekasAtha apanA kAma nahIM krte| udAharaNArtha sAtA ke samaya asAtA apanA kAma nahIM krtaa| aisI hAlata meM asAtA prati samaya sAtArUpa pariNamana karatA rahatA hai aura phala bhI usakA sAtArUpa hI hotA hai| prati samaya yaha kriyA udaya kAla ke eka samaya pahale ho letI hai / itanA sunizcita hai ki binA phala diye koI bhI karma jIrNa nahIM hotaa| ____ udIraNA-phala kAla ke pahale karma ke phala denerUpa avasthA kI udIraNA saMjJA hai| kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara sAdhAraNataH karmoM kA udaya aura udIraNA sarvadA hotI rahatI hai| tyAgavaza vizeSa hotI hai| udIraNA unhoM karmoM kI hotI hai jinakA udaya hotA hai| anudaya prApta karmoM kI udIraNA nahIM hotii| udAharaNArtha jisa muni ke sAtA kA udaya hai usake apakarpaNa sAtA aura asAtA donoM kA hotA hai kintu udIraNA sAtA kI hI hotI hai| yadi udaya badala jAtA hai to udIraNA bhI badala jAtI hai itanA vizeSa hai| ____ upazAnta-karma kI vaha avasthA jo udIraNA ke ayogya hotI hai upazAnta kahalAtI hai| upazAnta avasthA ko prApta karma kA utkapaNa, apakarpaNa aura saMkramaNa ho sakatA hai kintu isakI udIraNa nahIM hotii| nidhatti-karma kI vaha avasthA jo udIraNA aura saMkramaNa ina do ke ayogya hotI hai nidhatti kahalAtI hai| nidhatti avasthA ko prApta karma kA utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNa ho sakatA hai kintu isakA udIraNA aura saMkrama nahIM hotaa| nikAcanA-karma kI vaha avasthA jo utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa,udIraNA
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [8. 25-26. aura saMkrama ina cAra ke ayogya hotI hai nikAcanA kahalAtI hai| isakA svamukhena yA paramukhena udaya hotA hai| yadi anudaya prApta hotA hai to paramukhena udaya hotA hai nahIM to svamukhena hI udaya hotA hai| upazAnta aura nidhatti avasthA ko prApta karma kA. udaya ke viSaya meM yahI niyama jAnanA caahiye| ___ yahA~ itanA vizeSa jAnanA cAhiye ki sAtizaya pariNAmoM se karma kI upazAnta, nidhatti aura nikAcanArUpa avasthAyeM badalI bhI jA sakatI haiN| ye karma kI vividha avasthAyeM haiM jo yathAyogya pAI jAtI hai // 24 // puNya aura pApa prakRtiyoM kA vibhAgasadvedyazubhAyurnAmagotrANi puNyam // 25 // 'ato'nyatpApam // 26 // sAtAvedanIya, zubha Ayu, zubha nAma aura zubha gotra ye prakRtiyA~ puNyarUpa haiN| aura inase atirikta zeSa saba prakRtiyA~ pApa rUpa haiN| prastuta do sUtroM dvArA prakRtiyoM meM puNya aura pApa kA vibhAga kiyA gayA hai| usakA kAraNa zubha aura azubha pariNAma haiN| yaha anubhAga bandha ke samaya hI batalAyA jA cukA hai ki pariNAmoM ke anusAra anubhAga meM vibhAga hotA hai| dayA dAkSiNya Adi utkRSTa guNoM ke rahate hue jina prakRtiyoM ko prakRSTa anubhAga milatA hai ve puNya prakRtiyA~ haiM aura hiMsA, asatya Adi rUpa pariNAmoM ke rahate hue jina prakRtiyoM ko prakRSTa anubhAga milatA hai ve pApa prakRtiyA~ haiN| yadyapi prazasta pariNAmoM ke rahate hue bhI pApa prakRtiyoM kA aura aprazasta pariNAmoM 1 zvetAmbara paramparA ne ise sUtra nahIM mAnA hai|
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________________ 8. 25-26. ] puNya aura pApa prakRtiyoM kA vibhAga ke rahate hue bhI puNya prakRtiyoM kA bandha hotA hai para aise samaya puNya yA pApa prakRtiyoM ko hIna anubhAga milatA hai. isaliye prakRtiyoM meM puNya aura pApa kA vibhAga prakRSTa anubhAga kI apekSA se hI kiyA jAtA hai| aba Age puNya aura pApa prakRtiyoM kA nirdeza karate hai sAtA vedanIya, narakAyu ke sivA tIna Ayu, manuSyagati, devargAta, paMcendriya jAti, audArika Adi pA~ca zarIra, audArika Adi tIna .. AMgopAMga, samacaturasra saMsthAna, vajrarSabhanArAca12 puNyAlayA saMhAsana. prazasta sparza.prazasta rasa, prazasta gandha, prazasta vaNa, manuSyagatyAnupUrvI, devagatyAnupUrvI, agurulaghu, paraghAta, ucchAsa, Atapa, udyota, prazasta vihAyogati, basa, bAdara, paryApta, pratyeka zarIra, sthira, zubha, subhaga, susvara, Adeya, yazaHkIrti, nirmANa, tIrthakara aura. uccagotra ye 42 puNya prakRtiyA~ haiN| ___pA~ca jJAnAvaraNa, nau darzanAvaraNa, asAtAvedanIya, mithyAtva, solaha kaSAya, nau nokaSAya, narakAyu, narakagati, tiryaMcagati, ekendriya .. Adi cAra jAti, prathama saMsthAna ke sivA pA~ca 82 pApa prakRtiyA~ tathA saMsthAna, prathama saMhanana ke sivA pA~ca saMhanana, Aprazasta sparza Adi cAra, narakagatyAnupUrvI, tiryaMcagatyAnupUrvI, upaghAta, aprazasta vihAyogati, sthAvara, sUkSma, aparyApta, sAdhAraNa, asthira, azubha, dubhaMga, duHsvara, anAdeya, ayazaHkIrti, jIca gotra aura pA~ca antarAya ye 82 pApa prakRtiyA~ haiN| isI prakAra ye saba karma ghAti aura aghAti ina do bhAgoM meM baTe hue haiN| ghAtirUpa anubhAga zakti ke tAratamya kI apekSA cAra bheda haiM latA, dAru, asthi aura shail| isake bhI sarvaghAti aura dezaghAti ye do bheda haiM / latArUpa anubhAga zakti aura dArU kA kucha bhAga yaha dezaghAti anubhAga zakti hai| zeSa saba sarvaghAti anubhAga zakti hai| yaha dezaghAti aura sarvaghAti anubhAga zakti pAparUpa hI hotI hai| kintu
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________________ 406 tattvArthasUtra [8. 25-26. . adhAtirUpa anubhAga zakti puNya aura pApa do prakAra kI hotI hai| inameM se pratyeka ke cAra-cAra bheda haiN| gur3a, khA~Da, zarkarA aura amRta ye puNyarUpa anubhAga zakti ke cAra bheda haiM aura nIma, kaMjIra, viSa aura halAhala ye pAparUpa anubhAga zakti ke cAra bheda haiN| jisakA jaisA nAma hai vaisA usakaH phala hai| jo karma jIva ke anujIvI guNoM kA ghAta karate haiM unakI ghAti saMjJA hai aura jo jIva ke pratijIvI guNoM kA ghAta karate haiM unakI pratijIvI saMjJA hai| jIva ke guNa do bhAgoM meM baTe hue haiM-anujIvI guNa aura pratijIvI guNa / ina guNoM ke kAraNa hI karmoM ke ghAti aura aghAti ye bheda kiye gaye haiN| jJAna, darzana, samyaktva, cAritra, vIya, lAbha, dAna, bhoga, upabhoga aura sukha ye anujIvI guNa haiM / jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ye karma ukta guNoM kA ghAta karanevAle hone se ghAti karma kahalAte haiM aura zeSa aghAti karma haiN| isa prakAra AtmA kI paratantratA kA kAraNa kyA hai, karma kA svarUpa kyA hai, AtmA se sambaddha sUkSma pudgaloM ko karma saMjJA kyoM dI gaI hai aura karma kI vividha avasthAe~ kyA haiM inakA prasaMgavaza yahA~ saMkSepa meM vicAra kiyA / / 25-26 // - - -
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________________ navavA~ adhyAya aba kramaprApta saMvara aura nirjarA tattva kA nirUpaNa karate haiM saMbara kA svarUpaAsravanirodhaH saMvaraH // 1 // Asrava kA nirodha saMvara hai| jisa nimitta se karma baMdhate haiM vaha Asrava hai, Asrava kI aisI vyAkhyA pahale kara Aye haiN| usa Asrava kA ruka jAnA saMvara hai| yadyapi yahA~ Asrava ke nirodha ko hI saMvara kahA hai para isakA yaha Azaya hai ki Asrava kA nirodha hone para saMvara hotA hai| Asrava kA nirodha kAraNa hai aura saMvara kArya hai| yahA~ kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake Asrava ke nirodha ko saMbara kahA hai| isake do bheda hai-dravya saMvara aura bhaavsNvr| saMsAra kI nimittabhUta kriyA ko nivRtti honA bhAvasaMvara hai aura karma pudgala kA na AnA dravyasaMvara hai| mukhyatayA karmabandha ke kAraNa pA~ca haiM-mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yog| ye yathAyogya vivakSita guNasthAna taka hote hai Age nahIM hote| ___ guNoM ke sthAna guNasthAna kahalAte haiN| prakRta meM guNa jIva ke ve pariNAma haiM jo karma nimitta sApekSa hote haiN| inase saMsArI jIva vividha avasthAoM meM vibhakta ho jAte haiN| prakRta meM inhIM vividha avasthAoM kI guNasthAna saMjJA hai| yadyapi vartamAna kAla meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se ina guNasthAnoM kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| jise vartamAna meM AdhyAtmika
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________________ 400 tattvArthasUtra [6. 1. vikAsa kahA jAtA hai vaha utkrAnti kA paryAyAntara hai para hama prAdhyAtmika vikAsa kI isa vyAkhyA se sahamata nahIM haiM, kyoMki sAdhAraNataH guNasthAna vicAra meM jo saraNI svIkAra kI gaI hai utkrAntivAda meM usakA abhAva dikhAI detA hai| utkrAntivAda meM kAla krama se kramika vikAsa liyA jAtA hai| aisA kramika vikAsa guNasthAna prakaraNa meM kathamapi iSTa nahIM hai| hama dekhate haiM ki jo jIva yogya sAmagrI ke milane para Age ke guNasthAnoM ko prApta hotA hai vaha usa sAmagrI ke abhAva meM punaH pichale guNasthAnoM meM lauTa jAtA hai| parantu utkrAntivAda kA abhiprAya isase sarvathA bhinna hai| utkrAntivAdiyoM kA mata hai ki pratyeka vastu kA vikAsa krama se huA hai / udAharaNArtha sudUra pUrva kAla meM manuSya bandara yA aisI hI kisI zakla meM thaa| paristhitiyoM se lar3ate-lar3ate vaha isa avasthA ko prApta huA hai| kintu jainadarzana isa siddhAnta meM vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| usake mata se jina vastuoM kA nirmANa manuSya karatA hai unameM uttarottara sudhAra bhale hI bana jAya para sabhI kAryoM kA nirmANa isI siddhAnta para AdhArita nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / ananta kAla pahale manuSya kI jo zakla thI yA vaha apanI Abhyantara yogyatA jitanI aura jisa krama se ghaTA bar3hA sakatA thA vahI krama Aja bhI cAlU hai| pUrva kAla meM vaha bahuta hI avikasita avasthA meM thA aura vartamAna kAla meM usameM bar3A vikAsa ho gayA hai yaha bAta nahIM hai| kisI bAta kA nirdeza karate samaya hameM vastusthiti para dhyAna rakhanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| dArzanika jagat meM aisI gala: tiyA~ kSamya nahIM mAnI jA sakatI haiN| yahA~ hamArA abhiprAya prAcInatA ke Agraha se nahIM hai aura na hama navInatA ke virodhI hI haiN| hamArA abhiprAya kevala itanA hI hai ki hameM kAryakAraNa bhAva kA samagra bhAva se vizleSaNa kara kisI tattva kI svIkRti denI caahiye| acche va hRdayagrAhI zabdoM kA prayoga karanA dUsarI bAta hai aura vastu sthiti
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________________ 6. 1.] saMvara kA svarUpa 406 para dRSTi rakhanA dUsarI bAta hai| yahA~ hama isa tattva kA vistRta vyAkhyAna nahIM karanA cAhate / kevala prasaMgavaza itanA saMketa mAtra kiyA hai, kyoMki adhikatara vidvAn guNasthAnoM ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate hue prAyaH utkrAntivAda meM prayukta hue zabdoM kI rocakatAvaza vastusthiti ko bhUla jAte haiN| guNasthAna caudaha haiM-mithyAdRSTi, sAsAdanasamyagdRSTi, samyagmithyAdRSTi, aviratasamyagdRSTi, dezavirata, pramattasaMyata, apramattasaMyata, apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa, sUkSmasAmparAya, upazAntamoha, kSINamoha, sayogakevalI aura ayogkevlii| mithyAdarzana kA nirdeza pahale kara Aye haiN| vaha jisake pAyA jAtA haiM vaha mithyAdRSTi hai| jo samyaktva ( upazama samyaktva ) se cyuta hokara bhI mithyAtva ko nahIM prApta huA hai| arthAt jisakI dRSTi na samyaktva rUpa hai, na mithyAtva rUpa aura na ubhayarUpa hai vaha sAsAdanasamyagdRSTi hai| jisakI dRSTi samyaktva aura mithyAtva ubhayarUpa hai vaha samyagmithyAdRSTi hai| avirata hokara jo samyagdRSTi hai vaha aviratasamyagdRSTi hai| jo sthAvara hiMsA se virata na hokara bhI trasahiMsA se. virata hai vaha dezavirata hai| jisake pramAda ke sAtha saMyamabhAva pAyA jAtA hai vaha pramattasaMyata hai| jisake pramAda ke abhAva meM saMyamabhAva pAyA jAtA hai vaha apramattasaMyata hai| isake do bheda haiM-svasthAna apramatta aura sAtizaya apramatta / jo pramatta se apramatta aura apramatta se pramatta hotA rahatA hai vaha svasthAna apramattasaMyata hai aura jo Age bar3hane meM saphala hotA hai vaha sAtizaya apramattasaMyata hai| isa sAtizaya apramattasaMyata ke adhaHkaraNa pariNAma hote haiM / adhaHkaraNa kA artha hai nIce ke pariNAma / Azaya yaha hai ki jahA~ kAla kI apekSA Age ke pariNAma pIche ke pariNAmoM ke samAna bhI hote haiM ve adhaHkaraNa pariNAma haiM / jahA~ pahale nahIM prApta hue aise pariNAma prApta hote haiM use
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________________ 410 tattvArthasUtra [9.1. apUrvakaraNa kahate haiN| isameM prati samaya apUrva apUrva pariNAma prApta hote haiM / jahA~ eka samayavAloM ke eka se pariNAma hote haiM use anivRttikaraNa kahate haiN| jahA~ lobha kaSAya sUkSma raha jAtI hai use sUdana sAmparAya kahate haiN| jahA~ moha upazama bhAva ko prApta ho jAtA hai use upazAntamoha kahate haiN| jahA~ moha kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAtA hai use kSINamoha kahate haiN| jahA~ kevalajJAna ke sAtha yoga pAyA jAtA hai use sayogakevalI kahate haiM aura jahA~ kevalajJAna to hai para yoga kA abhAva ho gayA hai use ayogakevalI kahate haiN| ___ isameM se prathama guNasthAna meM bandha ke pA~coM hetu pAye jAte haiM, isaliye yahA~ sabhI karmoM kA Asrava sambhava hai| mAtra samyakatla ke sadbhAva meM AsravabhAva ko prApta honevAle tIrthakara aura AhArakadvika kA yahA~ Asrava nahIM hotaa| dUsare guNasthAna meM mithyAtva kA abhAva ho jAtA hai isaliye vahA~ mithyAtva ke nimitta se AsravabhAva ko prApta honevAle 16 karmoM kA saMvara ho jAtA hai| ve 16 karma ye haiMmithyAtva, napuMsakaveda, narakAyu, narakagati, ekendriyajAti, dvIndriya jAti, trIndriyajAti, caturindriyajAti, huMDasaMsthAna, asaMprAptAmRpATikAsaMhanana, narakagatyAnupUrvI, Atapa, sthAvara, sUkSma, aparyAptaka aura sAdhAraNazarIra / inakA Age ke kisI bhI guNasthAna meM Asrava nahIM hotaa| dUsare guNasthAna meM anantAnubandhI ke udaya se prApta honevAlI avirati pAI jAtI hai aura tIsare guNasthAna meM usakA abhAva ho jAtA hai, isaliye vahA~ isa nimitta se AsravabhAva ko prApta honevAle 25 karmoM kA saMvara ho jAtA hai| ve 25 karma ye haiM-nidrAnidrA, pracalApracalA, styAnagRddhi, anantAnubandhI krodha mAna mAyA lobha, strIveda, tiryaJcAyu, tiryaMcagati, bIca ke cAra saMsthAna, bIca ke cAra saMhanana, tithaMcagatyAnupUrvI, udyota, aprazasta vihAyogati, dubhaMga, duHsvara, anAdeya aura nIcagotra /
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________________ 6. 1.] saMvara kA svarUpa 411 __inakA tIsare Adi kisI bhI guNasthAna meM Asrava nahIM hotaa| tIsare guNasthAna meM itanI vizeSatA hai ki vahA~ Ayu ke Asrava ke yogya pariNAma nahIM hote isaliye vahA~ kisI Ayu kA bhI Asrava nahIM hotaa| cauthe guNasthAna meM apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa ke udaya se prApta honevAlI avirati pAI jAtI hai aura pA~caveM guNasthAna meM usakA abhAva ho jAtA hai isaliye vahA~ isa nimitta se Asrava ko prApta honevAle 10 karmoM kA saMvara ho jAtA hai| ve 10 karma ye haiMapratyAkhyAnAcaraNa krodha mAna mAyA lobha, manuSyAyu, manuSyagati, audArika zarIra, audArika AMgopAMga, vajraSabhanArAcasaMhanana aura manuSyagatyAnupUrvI / __ inakA pA~caveM Adi kisI bhI guNasthAna meM prAsrava nahIM hotaa| itanI vizeSatA hai ki cauthe guNasthAna meM manuSyAyu, devAyu aura tIrthakara prakRti kA Asrava honA sambhava hai| pA~caveM guNasthAna meM pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa ke udaya se prApta honevAlo avirati pAI jAtI hai aura chaThe guNasthAna meM usakA abhAva ho jAtA hai isaliye vahA~ isa nimitta se Asrava ko prApta honevAle pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra karmoM kA saMvara ho jAtA hai| agale kisI bhI guNasthAna meM inakA Asrava nahIM hotaa| chaThe guNasthAna meM pramAda pAyA jAtA hai aura Age usakA abhAva ho jAtA hai, isaliye vahA~ pramAda ke nimitta se prAstrava ko prApta honevAle 6 karmoM kA saMvara ho jAtA hai| ve 6 karma ye haiM-asAtAvedanIya, arati, zoka, asthira, azubha aura ayshHkiirti| agale . kisI bhI guNasthAna meM inakA Asrava nahIM hotaa| itanI vizeSatA hai ki chaThe guNasthAna se AhAraka dvika kA Asrava hone lagatA hai|
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________________ tattvArthasUtra 412 [6. 1. devAyu kA Asrava sAtaveM guNasthAna taka sambhava hai, Age nahIM, isaliye AThaveM guNasthAna meM usakA saMvara kahA hai| nidrA aura pracalA kA Asrava AThaveM guNasthAna ke kucha bhAga taka sambhava hai| Age inakA saMvara ho jAtA hai|| . devagati, paMcendriyajAti, vaikriyikazarIra, AhArakazarIra, tejasa zarIra, kArmaNazarIra, samacaturasrasaMsthAna, vaikriyikAMgopAMga, AhArakaAMgopAMga, varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza, devagatyAnupUrvI, aguruladhu, upaghAta, paraghAta, uchAsa, prazastavihAyogati, basa, bAdara, paryApta, pratyekazarIra, sthira, zubha, subhaga, susvara, Adeya, nirmANa, aura tIrthakara inakA AThaveM guNasthAna ke kucha aura Age ke bhAgoM taka Asrava sambhava hai| Age inakA saMvara ho jAtA hai| hAsya, rati, bhaya aura jugupsA inakA AThaveM guNasthAna ke antima bhAga taka Asrava hotA hai, isaliye nauveM guNasthAna meM inakA saMvara hotA hai| nauveM guNasthAna taka yathAsambhava puruSaveda, saMjvalana krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA Asrava hotA hai, isaliye Age inakA saMbara ho jAtA hai| dasaveM guNasthAna taka pA~ca jJAnAvaraNa, zeSa cAra darzanAvaraNa, yazaHkIrti, uccagotra aura pA~ca antarAya ina 16 prakRtiyoM kA Asava hotA hai isaliye Age ke guNasthAnoM meM inakA saMvara kahA hai| kevala yoga ke nimitta se ba~dhanevAle sAtAvedanIya kA terahaveM guNasthAna taka Asrava hotA hai isaliye ayogakevalI guNasthAna meM isakA saMvara kahA hai| mithyAtva guNasthAna meM Asrava ke saba nimitta hote haiN| sAsAdana Adi meM mithyAtva nimitta kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| avirati kA abhAva chaThe guNasthAna se hotA hai| pramAda kA abhAva sAtaveM guNa
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________________ 6.2-3.] saMvara ke upAya 413 sthAna se hotA hai / kaSAya kA abhAva gyArahaveM guNasthAna se hotA hai / aura yoga terahaveM guNasthAna taka rahatA hai / ye va kAraNa haiM / inakA abhAva hone para usa usa nimitta se honevAlA Asrava nahIM hotA isaliye yahA~ Asrava ke nirodha ko saMvara kahA hai // 1 // saMvara ke upAya sagupti samitidharmAnuprekSA parIpahajaya cAritraiH / / 2 / / tapasA nirjarA ca // 3 // vaha saMvara gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya aura cAritra se hotA hai / tapa se saMvara aura nirjarA hotI hai / jo saMsAra ke kAraNoM se AtmA kA gopana arthAt rakSA karatA hai vaha gupta kahalAtI hai / prANiyoM ko pIr3A na ho isaliye bhale prakAra vicArapUrvaka bAhya vRtti karanA samiti hai / jo iSTa sthAna meM dharatA hai vaha dharma hai / zarIra Adi ke svabhAva kA bAra bAra cintavana karanA anuprekSA hai | kSudhAdijanya vedanA ke hone para sahana karanA parISaha hai aura parISaha kA jaya parISahajaya hai / tathA rAga aura dveSa ko dUra karane ke liye jJAnI puruSa kI caryA samyak cAritra hai / inase karmoM ke kA nirodha hotA hai isaliye saMvara ke upAyarUpa se inakA nirdeza kiyA haiM / zaMkA-- abhiSeka, dIkSA, Adi kA saMvara ke kAraNoM meM nirdeza kyoM nahIM kiyA ? samAdhAna -- pravRttimUlaka kriyAmAtra saMvara kA kAraNa na ho kara va kA kAraNa hai isaliye yahA~ unakA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai / inake sivA saMvara kA pramukha kAraNa tapa bhI hai / isaliye saMvara ke
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________________ 414 tattvArthasUtra [9.4. upAyoM meM tapa kI bhI parigaNanA kI hai| kintu tapamAtra saMvara kA kAraNa na ho kara nirjarA kA bhI kAraNa hai, isaliye tapa se karmI ko nirjarA hotI hai yaha bhI kahA hai| zaMkA-sAdhAraNatayA tapa svargAdika kI prApti kA sAdhana mAnA jAtA hai, isaliye tapa ke nimitta se karmoM kI nirjarA mAnanA iSTa nahIM hai ? samAdhAna-tapa na kevala svargAdika kI prApti kA sAdhana hai api tu vaha mokSa kI prApti kA bhI sAdhana hai| tapazcaraNa ke samaya vidyamAna kaSAya bhAva svargAdika kI prApti kA sAdhana hai aura uttarottara kaSAya kA abhAva mokSa kI prApti kA sAdhana hai yaha ukta kathana kA tAtparya hai // 2--3 // ___ gupti kA svarUpa --- samyagyoganigraho guptiH // 4 // yogoM kA samyak prakAra se nigraha karanA gupti hai| mana, vacana aura kAya ina tIna prakAra ke yogoM kI svecchApUrvaka pravRtti na honA yoganigraha hai| yaha acche uddezya se bhI kiyA jAtA hai aura bure uddezya se bhii| prakRta meM aisA yoganigraha hI gupti mAnI gaI hai jo acche uddezya se kiyA gayA ho| gupti kA jIvana ke nirmANa meM bar3A hAtha hai, kyoMki bhavabandhana se mukti isake binA nahIM miltii| kintu gupti meM mAtra bAhya pravRtti kA niSedha iSTa na hokara pravRttimAtra kA niSedha liyA gayA hai| phira bhI jahA~ taka cAritra kA sambandha hai isameM aprazasta kriyA kA nigraha to iSTa hai hI prazasta kriyA meM bhI zarIrika kriyA kA niyamana karanA, mauna dhAraNa karanA aura saMkalpa vikalpa se jIvana kI rakSA karanA kramazaH kAyagupti, vacanagupti aura manogupti hai|
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________________ 9. 5.] samiti ke bheda 415 yaha tInoM prakAra kI gupti Asrava kA nirodha karane meM sahAyaka hone se saMvara kA kAraNa mAnI gaI hai // 4 // samiti ke bhedaIryAbhASeSaNAdAnanikSepotsargAH samitayaH // 5 // samyaga IryA, samyak bhASA, samyak eSaNA, samyak AdAna nikSepa aura samyak utsarga ye pA~ca samitiyA~ haiN| yaha to hai hI ki jaba taka zarIra kA saMyoga hai taba taka kisI na kisI prakAra kI kriyA avazya hogii| muni gamanAgamana bhI karegA, AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu yA anya janoM se sambhASaNa bhI karegA, bhojana bhI legA, saMyama aura jJAna ke sAdhanabhUta pIchI, kamaNDalu aura zAstra kA vyavahAra bhI karegA aura mala mUtra Adi kA tyAga bhI kregaa| yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki muni hone ke bAda vaha eka sAtha saba prakAra kI kriyA kA tyAga kara de| tathApi jo bhI kriyA kI jAya vaha vivekapUrvaka hI kI jAya isIliye pA~ca prakAra kI samitiyoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| sAdhu ke isa prakAra pravRtti karane se asaMyamabhAva kA parihAra ho kara tannimittaka kame kA Asrava nahIM hotaa| kisI bhI prANI ko mere nimitta se kleza na ho etadartha sAvadhAnI pUrvaka gamana karanA IryA samiti hai| adhikatara gRhastha kisI sAdhu kI aisI stuti karate hue pAye jAte haiM ki amuka muni itane jora se calate haiM ki sAdhAraNa AdamI ko unake pIche daur3anA par3atA hai| para yaha guNa nahIM hai| aisA karane se bhale prakAra saMyama kI rakSA honA saMbhava nahIM hai| muni ko calate samaya bolanA Adi anya kriyAyeM bhI kama karanI cAhiye / nAsAgra dRSTi rahane se hI cAra hAtha pramANa bhUmi kA bhale prakAra se zodhana ho sakatA hai| gamana karate samaya IryA samiti kA pAlana karanA muni kA Avazyaka kartavya hai / 2-satya hote
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________________ 416 tattvArthasUtra hue bhI hita, mita aura miSTa vacana bolanA bhASA samiti hai| 3eSaNA kA artha caryA hai / 46 doSa aura 32 antarAya TAlakara bhojana lenA eSaNA samiti hai| 4-pIchI kamaNDalu Adi upakAraNoM ko va zAstra ko dekha bhAla kara va pramArjita karake lenA va rakhanA AdAnanikSepaNa samiti hai| 5-jantu rahita pradeza meM dekha bhAla kara va pramArjana karake mala-mUtra Adi kA tyAga karanA utsarga samiti hai| ____ zaMkA-gupti aura samiti meM kyA antara hai ? samAdhAna-gupti meM kriyAmAtra kA niSedha mukhya hai aura samiti meM jo bhI Avazyaka kriyA kI jAya vaha sAvadhAnIpUrvaka kI jAya isakI mukhyatA hai // 5 // dharma ke bhedauttamakSamAmArdavArjavazaucasatyasaMyamatapastyAgAkiJcanyabrahmacaryANi dhrmH||6|| uttama kSamA, uttama mArdava, uttama Arjava, uttama zauca, uttama satya, uttama saMyama, uttama tapa, uttama tyAga, uttama AkiJcanya aura uttama brahmacarya yaha dasa prakAra kA dharma hai| kSamA kA artha hai krodha ke kAraNa milane para bhI krodha na hokara sahanazIlatA kA banA rahanA aura krodha ke kAraNoM para kaluSatA kA na honaa| bhItara aura bAhara namratA dhAraNa karanA aura ahaMkAra para vijaya pAnA hI mArdava hai| adhikatara kula, jAti, bala, rUpa, vidyA, aizvarya, dhana Adi ke nimitta se ahaMkAra utpanna hotA hai / inameM se kucha kalpita haiM aura kucha vinazvara haiM ataH inake nimitta se citta meM ahaMkAra nahIM paidA karanA bhI mArdava hai| kAya, vacana aura mana kI pravRtti ko sarala rakhanA Ajava hai| saba prakAra ke lobha kA tyAga karanA yahA~ taka ki dharma ke sAdhana aura zarIra meM bhI Asakti na rakhanA zauca hai|'
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________________ 6.7.] anuprekSA ke bheda 417 sAdhu puruSoM ke liye hitakArI vacana bolanA satya hai| pratyeka manuSya ke sAtha hitakArI aura parimita saMbhASaNa karanA bhASA samiti hai aura kevala sAdhuoM aura unake bhaktoM ke prati hita, mita aura yathArtha vacana bolanA satyadharma hai yahI bhASA samiti se satyadharma meM antara hai| SaTakAya ke jIvoM kI bhale prakAra se rakSA karanA aura indriyoM ko apane apane viSayoM meM nahIM pravRtta hone denA saMyama hai| karmoM ko nirmUla karane ke nimitta jo bAhya aura Abhyantara tapa tape jAte haiM arthAt acche uddezya se tyAga ke AdhArabhUta niyamoM ko apane jIvana meM utAranA tapa hai| saMyata ko jJAnAdi sadguNoM kA pradAna karanA tyAga hai| kisI bhI vastu meM yahA~ taka ki zarIra meM bhI mamatva buddhi na rakhanA AkiMcanya hai / strI vipayaka sahavAsa, smaraNa aura kathA Adi kA sarvathA tyAga karake sugupta rahanA, tathA punaH svacchanda pravRtti na hone pAve isaliye saMgha meM nivAsa karanA brahmacarya hai| ina dasa prakAra ke dharmoM ko apane jIvana meM utAra lene se hI unake pratipakSI bhAvoM kA nirAsa hotA hai aura isaliye ye dharma saMvara ke upAya batalAye gaye haiN| aise kSamA Adika jinase aihika prayojana kI siddhi hotI hai saMvara ke kAraNa nahIM haiM yaha batalAne ke liye uttama vizeSaNa diyA hai| dharma AtmA kA svabhAva hai aura jIvana meM Aye hue vikAra kA nAma adharma hai| yadyapi dasa dharmoM meM isI dharma kA AtmA kI vividha avasthAoM dvArA kathana kiyA gayA hai phira bhI yahA~ isa dRSTi ko sAmane rakhakara mAtra dharma kA vyavahAra paraka athe diyA gayA hai // 6 // anuprekSA ke bheda-- anityAzaraNasaMsAraikatvAnyatvAzucyAsravasaMvaranirjarAloka - bodhidurlabhadharmasvAkhyAtatvAnucintanamanuprekSAH // 7 // anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, zrAva,
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________________ 418 tattvArthasUtra [6.7. saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhidurlabha aura dharma kA svAkhyAtatva inakA cintavana karanA anuprekSAe~ haiN| __ anuprekSA kA artha hai punaH punaH cintavana krnaa| jaba yaha prANI saMsAra aura saMsAra kI anityatA Adi ke viSaya meM aura sAtha hI Atmazuddhi ke kAraNa bhUta bhinna-bhinna sAdhanoM ke viSaya meM punaH punaH vicAra karatA hai to isase isakI saMsAra aura saMsAra ke kAraNoM ke prati virakti hokara dharma ke prati gaharI AsthA utpanna hotI hai jisase ye saba anuprekSAe~ saMvara kA sAdhana banatI haiM, isI se yahA~ inakA saMvara ke upAya rUpa se varNana kiyA gayA hai| anupra kSAoM ko bhAvanA bhI kahate haiN| ye saba milakara bAraha batalAI gaI haiN| isakA yaha matalaba nahIM ki inake sivA anya ke viSaya meM cintavana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| upayogAnusAra nyUnAdhika viSaya bhI cune jA sakate haiN| kintu madhyama pratipatti se yahA~ bAraha viSaya cune gaye haiN| inake cintavana se jIvana kA saMzodhana karane meM sahAyatA milatI hai aura karmoM kA saMvara hokara AtmA mokSa kA pAtra banatA hai| zarIra, indriya, viSaya aura bhogopabhoga ye jitane haiM saba jala ke bulabule ke samAna anavasthita svabhAva aura viyukta honevAle haiN| vyartha . hI ajJa prANI mohavaza inheM nitya mAna baiThA hai AnatyAnakA parantu AtmA ke jJAna darzana rUpa svabhAva ko chor3akara saMsAra meM aura koI bhI padArtha nitya nahIM hai| isa prakAra cintavana karanA anityAnuprekSA hai / aisA cintavana karane se prApya vastu ke viyoga meM duHkha nahIM hotaa| ___ isa jaga meM yaha prANI janma, jarA, mRtyu aura vyAdhiyoM se ghirA huA hai, yahA~ isakA koI bhI zaraNa nahIM hai| bhojana zarIra kI sthiti meM cAhe jitanI sahAyatA kare para duHkhoM ke azaraNAcaprakSA prApta hone para usakA koI upayoga nahIM hotaa| dhana cAhe
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________________ 6. 7.] anuprekSA ke bheda 416 jitanA saMcita kiyA jAya para maraNa se vaha bhI nahIM bacA sktaa| jivalaga mitra to jAne dIjiye indra bhI Akara isako marane se nahIM bacA sktaa| tattvataH jaga meM dharma ke sivA isakA aura koI zaraNabhUta nahIM hai| isa prakAra cintavana karanA azaraNAnuprekSA hai| aisA cintavana karane se saMsAra se mamatA chUTakara dharma meM AsthA utpanna hotI hai| yaha prANI janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA huA jisakA kabhI pitA rahA hai usI kA bhAI, putra yA pautra ho jAtA hai| isI . prakAra mAtA hokara bahina, strI yA lar3akI ho jAtA satArAnubhakSA hai, bahuta adhika kahane se kyA kabhI kabhI to svayaM apanA putra bhI ho jAtA hai| saMsAra kA yahI svabhAva hai| isameM kauna svajana hai aura kauna parijana hai isakA koI bheda nahIM hai| vyartha hI mohavaza yaha prANI svajana parijana kI kalpanA kiyA karatA hai| isa prakAra kA cintavana karanA saMsArAnuprekSA hai| aisA cintavana karane se saMsAra se vairAgya paidA hokara yaha prANI saMsAra ke nAza ke liye udyata hotA hai| ___ maiM akelA ho janmatA hU~ aura akelA hI maratA huuN| svajana yA parijana aisA koI nahIM jo mere duHkhoM ko hara ske| koI bhAI va banatA hai to koI mitra, para ve saba smazAna taka hI ekatvAnumA sAthI haiN| eka dharma hI aisA hai jo sadA sAtha detA hai / aisA cintavana karanA ekatvAnuprekSA hai| aisA cintavana karane se svajanoM meM prIti aura parajanoM meM dvaSa nahIM hokara kevala vaha akelepana kA anubhava karatA huA mokSa ke lie prayatna karatA hai| zarIra jar3a hai, maiM cetana hU~, zarIra anitya hai, maiM nitya hU~, saMsAra
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________________ 420 tattvArthasUtra [6.7. meM paribhramaNa karate hue maiMne hajAroM zarIra dhAraNa kiye para maiM jahA~ kA . tahA~ huuN| isa prakAra jaba ki maiM zarIra se hI alaga nyavAda hU~ taba anya bAhya padArthoM se maiM avibhakta kaise ho sakatA huuN| isa prakAra zarIra aura bAhya padArthoM se apane ko bhinna cintavana karanA anyatvAnuprekSA hai| aisA cintavana karane se zarIra meM spRhA nahIM hotI kintu yaha prANI tattvajJAna kI bhAvanA karatA huA vairAgya meM apane ko juTAtA hai jisase mokSa sukha kI prApti hotI hai| zarIra atyanta apavitra hai, yaha zukra zoNita Adi sAta dhAtuoM aura mala-mUtra Adi se bharA huA hai| isase nirantara mala jharatA rahatA hai| ise cAhe jitanA snAna karAiye, sugaMdhI azuci anubhadA tela kA mAliza kariye, sugandhI uvaTana lagAie to bhI isako apavitratA dUra nahIM kI jA sktii| bhalA jisakA jo svabhAva hai vaha kaise dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to isake samparka se jIva bhI azuci ho rahA hai| yadyapi jIva kI azucitA samyagdarzanAdi uttama guNoM kI bhAvanA se dUra kI jA sakatI hai para zarIra kI azucitA to kathamapi nahIM meTI jA sktii| isa prakAra se cintavana karanA azucyanuprekSA hai| aisA cintavana karane se zarIra se vairAgya hokara yaha jIva saMsArasamudra se pAra hone ke liye prayatna karatA hai| indriya, kaSAya aura avrata Adika jo ki mahAnadI ke pravAha ke samAna ati tIkSNa haiM, ubhayaloka meM dukhadAyI haiN| indriyaviSayoM kI . vinAzakArI lIlA to sarvatra hI prasiddha hai / vanagaja pAsavAnupatA kauA. sarpa. pataMga aura hariNa Adi inhIM ke kAraNa vividha duHkha bhogate haiN| yahI bAta kaSAya Adi kI bhI hai, bA~dhA jAnA, mArA jAnA, nAnA duHkhoM kA bhAgI honA yaha saba inhIM kA phala hai aura inake kAraNa paraloka meM bhI nAnA duHkha uThAne par3ate haiM,
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________________ 9.7.] anuprekSA ke bheda isa prakAra cintavana karanA AsravAnuprekSA hai| aisA cintavana karane se indriya Adika AsravoM se nivRtti hokara kSamA Adi meM pravRttiH hotI hai jisase yaha AtmA AtmakalyANa ke liye yatna karatA hai| saMvara Asrava kA virodhI hai| uttama kSamA Adi saMvara ke upAya haiN| inheM apane jIvana meM utAra lene para jIva ko adhika dina taka saMsAra meM nahIM bhaTakanA par3atA hai| saMvara ke binA apara Atmazuddhi honA kaThina hai, isa prakAra se cintavana karanA saMvarAnuprekSA hai| aisA cintavana karane se isakI saMvara aura saMvara ke kAraNoM meM AsthA utpanna hotI hai| __ phala dekara karmoM kA jharanA nirjarA hai| yaha do prakAra kI haiabuddhipUrvaka aura kuzalamUlA / jo vividha gatiyoM meM phala kAla ke prApta hone para nirjarA hotI hai vaha abuddhipUrvaka nijarAnA nirjarA hai| yaha saba prANiyoM ke hotI hai| kintu tapazcaryA ke nimitta se phala kAla ke binA prApta hue svodaya yA parodaya se jo karmoMkI nirjarA hotI hai vaha kuzalamUlA nirjarA hai| isameM nirjarA kA yaha dUsarA bheda hI kAryakArI hai| isa prakAra nirjarA ke guNa doSa kA vicAra karanA nijerAnuprekSA hai| aisA vicAra karane se jIva kI pravRtti tapazcaryA kI ora hotI hai| loka ke svabhAva kA cintavana karanA ki yadyapi loka anAdi nidhana aura akRtrima hai to bhI isameM sthita prANo nAnA lokAnapradA duHkha uThA rahe haiM lokAnuprekSA hai| aisA cintavana karane se tattvajJAna kI vizuddhi hotI hai| jaise samudra meM par3I huI vajrasikatA kA milanA durlabha hai vaise hI ekandriya se trasaparyAya kA milanA durlabha hai| yadi trasaparyAya bhI bodhidurlabhAnuprekSA ... mila gaI to usameM paMcendriyatva kA prApta honA ko itanA hI kaThina hai jitanA ki caupatha para ratnoM kI
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________________ 422 tatvArtha sUtra [ 6.8-17. rAzi kA milanA kaThina hai| isa prakAra uttarottara saMjJI honA, paryApta honA, manuSya honA, samyagjJAna kI prApti ke yogya sAdhanoM kA milanA ye saba kaThina haiM / yadA kadAcit inakI prApti bhI ho jAya to bhI ratna kI prApti honA sahaja bAta nahIM hai / isa prakAra kA cintavana karanA bodhidurlabhAnuprekSA hai / aisI bhAvanA karane se bodhi ko prApta karake yaha jIva pramAdI nahIM hotA / jina deva ne jisa dharma kA upadeza diyA hai usakA lakSaNa hiMsA hai jisakI puSTi satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, vinaya, kSamA, viveka Adi dharmoM va guNoM se hotI hai / jo prANI dharmasvAkhyAtaise dhAraNa nahIM karatA use saMsAra meM bhaTakanA par3atA tvAnuprekSA hai, isa prakAra se cintana karanA dharmasvAkhyAtatvAnuprekSA hai / aisA cintavana karane se jIva kA dharma meM anurAga car3hatA hai| rakSAe~ haiM jinakA cintavana kara sAdhu apane vairAgyamaya jIvana ko sudRr3ha banAte haiM isalie inheM saMvara kA kAraNa kahA hai // 7 // parISadoM kA varNana - mArgAcyavana nirjarArthaM parisoDhavyAH parISAhAH // 8 // kSutpipAsAzItoSNadaMzamazakanAgnyAratistrIcaryAniSadyAzayyAkrozayAcanAlAbharo gatRNasparzamalasatkArapuraskAraprajJAjJAnA darzanAni // 9 // sUkSmasamparAya chadmasthavItarAgayozcaturdaza // 10 // ekAdaza jine // 11 // bAdarasamma sarve // 12 //
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________________ 423 9.8-17.] parISahoM kA varNana 423 jJAnAvaraNe prajJAjJAne // 13 // darzanamohAntarAyayoradarzanAlAbhau // 14 // cAritramohe naagnyaartistriinissdyaakroshyaacnaastkaarpurskaaraaH||| 15 // vedanIye zeSAH // 16 // ekAdayo bhAjyA yugapadekasminnaikonaviMzataH // 17 // mArga se cyuta na hone ke liye aura karmoM kA kSaya karane ke lie jo sahana karane yogya hoM ve parISaha haiN| kSudhA, tRSA, zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka, nagnatA, arati, strI, caryA, niSadyA, zayyA, Akroza, vadha, yAcanA, alAbha, roga, tRNasparza, mala, satkArapuraskAra, prajJA, ajJAna aura pradarzana ina nAmavAle bArhasa parISaha haiN| sUkSmasAmparAya aura chadmasthavItarAga meM caudaha parISaha sambhava haiN| jina bhagavAna meM gyAraha parISaha sambhava haiN| bAdarasAmparAya meM sabhI arthAt bAIsa hI parISaha sambhava haiN| jJAnAvaraNa ke sadbhAva meM prajJA aura ajJAna parISaha hote haiN| darzanamoha aura antarAya ke sadbhAva meM krama se adarzana aura alAbha parISaha hote haiN| cAritramoha ke sadbhAva meM nagnatA, arati, strI, niSadyA, Akroza, AcanA aura satkArapuraskAra parISaha hote haiN| bAkI ke saba parISaha vedanIya ke sadbhAva meM hote haiN| eka sAtha eka AtmA meM eka se lekara unnIsa taka parISaha vikalpa se sambhava haiN| saMvara ke upAyoM meM parISahajaya bhI eka upAya batalAyA hai,
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________________ sApatUna 424 tattvArthasUna [6.6-17. isaliye yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki parISahoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA jaay| isI AvazyakatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara prastuta sUtroM dvArA sUtrakArane parISahoM kA lakSaNa, unakI saMkhyA, unake svAmI kA nirdeza, unake kAraNoM kA nirdeza aura eka sAtha eka jIva meM sambhava parIpahoM kI saMkhyA ina pA~ca bAtoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| jinakA yahA~ anukrama se vicAra karate haiM jIvana meM antaraMga aura bahiraMga kAraNoM se vividha prakAra kI ApattiyA~ upasthita hotI haiM aura samatA yA vyagratA se unheM sahana bhI karanA par3atA hai| kintu jo ApattiyA~ acche uddezya lAkha vicAra se sahI jAtI haiM unakA phala acchA hI hotA hai| sabase acchA uddezya mokSamArga para sthira rahanA aura karmoM kI nirjarA karanA ina do bAtoM ke sivA aura kyA ho sakatA hai, kyoMki ina donoM kA phala mokSa hai isIliye yahA~ isa uddezya kI siddhi ke liye jo svakRta yA parakRta ApattiyA~ svecchA se sahana karane yogya haiM unheM parISaha kahate haiM yaha batalAyA hai| prakRta meM aise parISaha bAIsa batalAye haiN| yadyapi yaha saMkhyA nyUnAdhika bhI kI jA sakatI hai tathApi muni kI kriyA ko dhyAna meM rakha _ kara mukhyataH jIvana meM kisa kisa prakAra kI kaThinAI sakhyA vicAra utpanna hotI hai jisakA samatA pUrvaka nirvikalpa bhAva se sahana kara lenA Avazyaka hai yaha jAnakara parISaha bAIsa hI niyata kiye gaye haiN| ina bAIsa parISahoM para kisa prakAra vijaya pAnI cAhiye aba anukrama se isakA vicAra karate haiM-1,2 bhUkha aura pyAsa kI utkaTa bAdhA upasthita hone para bhI citta ko usa ora na le jAnA aura mana meM unakA vikalpa hI nahIM hone denA krama se kSudhA aura pipAsA parISahajaya hai| 3,4 cAhe mAgha kI ThaMDa ho yA jyeSTha kI garamI tathApi isa ora kisI prakAra kA dhyAna na jAnA aura ThaMDI
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________________ 6.8-17.] parISahoM kA varNana 425 tathA garamI ko samatApUrvaka saha lenA anukrama se zIta aura uSNa parISahajaya hai| 5 DAMsa macchara Adi jantuoM kA upadrava hone para khinna na hote hue use samabhAva se saha lenA aura tatsambandhI kisI prakAra kA vikalpa mana meM na lAnA daMzamazaka parISahajaya hai| 6 nagnatA ko dhAraNa kara kisI prakAra kI lajjA aura glAni kA anubhava nahIM karanA aura usake yogyatApUrvaka nirvAha ke lie akhaNDa brahmacarya kA dhAraNa karanA nagnatA parISahajaya hai| 7 yadyapi nirjana vana aura tarukoTara Adi meM sabakA mana nahIM laga sakatA tathApi sAdhu vahA~ nivAsa karatA huA bhI apane pratidina ke kartavyoM meM tatpara rahatA hai, isase use raMcamAtra bhI glAni nahIM hotI, yaha usakA arati parISahajaya hai| 8 koI sAdhu ekAnta parvata guphA Adi meM tapazcaryA yA svAdhyAya Adi kara rahA hai aisI hAlata meM yadi koI yuvatI Akara use phusalAne lage, usake avayavoM se krIr3A karanI cAhe to bhI sugupta rahanA mana ko apane kAbU meM rakhanA strI parISahajaya hai| 6 dezAntara meM dhamahetu paryaTana karate hue caryAsambandhI bAdhAoM ko samatApUrvaka saha lenA unakA mana meM vikalpa na honA caryA parISaha jaya hai / 10 vIrAsana, utkuTikAsana Adi vividha prakAra kI AsanoM ko lagAkara dhyAna karate hue yadi tannimittaka kisI prakAra kI bAdhA utpanna ho to use samatApUrvaka saha lenA usakA mana meM kisI prakAra kA vikalpa na honA niSadyA parISahajaya hai / 11 nIcI U~cI aura kaThora kintu nirdoSa bhUmi ke milane para rAtri ke uttarArdha meM usa para eka pArzva se kiMcit nidrA lete samaya bhUmi janya bAdhA ko zAnti se saha lenA aura usakA vikalpa mana meM nahIM lAnA zayyAparISahajaya hai| 12 muni jIvana ke mAhAtmya ko na samajha kara yadi koI ajJAnI kaThora aura apriya vacana kahe to bhI unheM zAnti se saha lenA aura apriya bolanevAle ke prati mana meM burA bhAva na lAnA Akroza parISahajaya hai| 13 aMga pratyaMga kA cheda DAlanA,
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________________ 426 tattvArthasUtra [6.8-17. mAranA tAr3anA Adi vyApAra ke hone para bhI use sahaja bhAva se saha lenA aura ise Atma-zuddhi ke liye upakArI mAnanA vadhaparISaha jaya hai| 14 bhUkha pyAsa kI bAdhA sahate-sahate yadyapi zarIra kRza ho gayA hai. tathApi jisake mana meM yAcanA kA bhAva nahIM hai aura bhikSA ke samaya sahaja bhAva se yadi AhAra pAnI mila jAya to svIkAra karatA hai anyathA mana meM alAbha janya vikalpa nahIM Ane detA yAcanA parIpahajaya hai| 15 AhAra pAnI ke liye paryaTana karate hue AhAra pAnI ke na milane para kisI prakAra kA vikalpa na karanA alAbha parISaha jaya hai| 16 ThaMDI garamI Adi ke nimitta se aneka rogoM ke hone para bhI vyAkula na honA aura zAntipUrvaka unheM saha lenA roga parISaha jaya hai| 17 calate samaya, baiThe hue yA zayana meM tRNa kAMTe Adi ke zarIra meM cubhane para bhI use saha lenA arthAt mana meM kisI prakAra kA vikalpa na lAnA tRNa sparza parISahajaya hai| 18 zarIra meM pasInA Adi ke nimitta se khUba mala jama gayA hai to bhI udvigna na honA aura snAna Adi kI abhilASA na rakhanA mala parISahajaya hai| 16 vividha prakAra ke satkAra aura AmaMtraNa Adi ke milane para bhI usase nahIM phUlanA aura aisA na hone para duHkhI nahIM honA satkArapuraskAra parISahajaya hai| 20 prajJAtizaya ke prApta ho jAne para usakA garva na karanA prajJA parISahajaya hai| 21 vividha prakAra kI tapazcaryA Adi ke karane para bhI avadhijJAna Adi ke na prApta hone para kheda khinna na honA aura ise karma phala mAnanA ajJAna parISahajaya hai / 22 bahuta tapazcaryA kI taba bhI jJAna kA atizaya nahIM prApta huaa| aisA sunA jAtA hai ki amuka muni ko bar3e atizaya prApta hue haiN| mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha saba pralApamAtra hai| yaha pravRjyA hI niSphala hai / yadi isameM kucha bhI sAra hotA to mujhe vaisA mAhAtmya kyoM nahIM prApta hotA ityAdi prakAra se azraddhA na hone denA aura jinodita mArga meM dRr3ha zraddhA rakhanA adarzana.parISahajaya hai|
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________________ 9.8-17.] parISahoM kA varNana 427 jisameM sAmparAya-lobha kaSAya ati sUkSma pAyA jAtA hai aise sUkSmasAmparAyika guNa sthAna meM tathA chadmasthavItarAga arthAt upazAnta moha aura kSINamoha guNasthAna meM caudaha hI parISaha svAmI sambhava haiN| ve ye haiM sudhA, pipAsA, zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka, caryA, zayyA, vadha, alAbha, roga, tRNasparza, mala, prajJA aura ajJAna / mohanIya ke nimitta se honevAlI bAkI kI ATha parISaha ina guNasthAnoM meM nahIM hotii| gyArahaveM aura bArahaveM guNasthAnoM meM mohanIya kA udaya nahIM hotA isaliye mohanIya nimittaka ATha parISahoM kA vahA~ na honA sambhava bhI hai tathApi dasaveM guNasthAna meM inakA abhAva batalAne kA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa guNasthAna meM jo kevala sUkSma lobha kA udaya hotA hai vaha ati sUkSma hotA hai, isaliye isa guNasthAnavI jIvoM ko bhI vItarAgachamastha ke samAna mAna kara yahA~ moha nimittaka parISahoM kA sadbhAva nahIM batalAyA hai| zaMkA-ye dasaveM, gyArahaveM aura bArahaveM guNasthAna to dhyAna ke haiM inameM kSudhAdi janya vedanA hI sambhava nahIM hai, dUsare yahA~ mohanIya ke udaya kI sahAyatA bhI nahIM hai yA hai bhI to ati manda hai, isaliye inameM sudhAdi parISahoM kA bhI honA sambhava nahIM hai ? samAdhAna-yaha sahI hai ki ina guNasthAnoM meM kSudhAdi parISaha nahIM pAye jAte tathApi jaise zaktimAtra kI apekSA sarvArthasiddhi ke deva meM sAtavIM pRthavI taka jAne kI yogyatA mAnI jAtI hai vaise hI yahA~ bhI pariSahoM ke kAraNa vidyamAna hone se unakA sattva batalAyA hai // 10 // jina arthAt sayogakevalI aura ayogakevalI ke kevala gyAraha parISaha hI sambhava haiN| ve ye haiM-sudhA, pipAsA, zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka, caryA, zayyA, vadha, roga, tRNaspaze aura mala / kevalIjinake cintA hI nahIM hai to bhI dhyAna kA phala karmoM ke kSaya kI apekSA jaise vahA~ dhyAna kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI vedanIya karma ke udayamAtra
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________________ pasUtra 428 tattvArthasUtra [9.8-17. kI apekSA yahA~ parIpahoM kA upacAra se nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| vaise to unheM sAtizaya zarIra aura ananta sukha kI prApti ho jAne se unake kSudhA tRpA Adi parIpahoM kI sambhAvanA hI nahIM hai| hama saMsArI janoM ke zarIra ke samAna kevalI jinake zarIra meM trasa aura sthAvara jIva nahIM pAye jAte / kevalajJAna ke prApta hote hI unakA zarIra parama audArika ho jAtA hai, usameM mala mUtra Adi koI doSa nahIM rhte| aisI hAlata meM unake kSudhA, pipAsA Adi kI bAdhA mAnanA nitAnta asambhava hai| tattvataH parISaha vyavahAra to chaThe guNasthAna taka hI sambhava hai| agale guNasthAna dhyAna ke hone se unameM kAraNoM ke sadbhAva kI apekSA se parIpaha vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai, isaliye kevalI jinake kSudhA Adi gyAraha parISaha nahIM hote yaha samajhanA cAhiye / isI zrAzaya ko vyakta karane ke liye 'ekAdaza jine' isa sUtra meM 'na santi' isa pada kA adhyAhAra karake 'kevalo' jinake gyAraha parISaha nahIM haiM,yaha dUsarA artha kiyA jAtA hai| kintu bAdarasAmparAya jIva ke saba parISahoM kA pAyA jAnA sambhava hai, kyoMki yahA~ sabhI parISahoM ke kAraNabhUta karmoM kA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| bAdarasAmparAya se yahA~ pramattasaMyata se lekara nauveM guNasthAna taka ke guNasthAna lene caahiye| zaMkA-pradarzana parISaha kA kAraNa darzanamohanIya kA udaya batalAyA hai| darzanamohanIya ke tIna bheda haiM mithyAtva, samyagmithyAtva aura samyaktva so inameM se samyaktvaprakRti kA udaya sAtaveM taka pAyA jA sakatA hai, isa liye adarzana parISaha ko sambhAvanA sAtaveM taka mAna bhI lI jAve taba bhI AThaveM va nauveM guNasthAna meM isakI kisI bhI hAlata meM sambhAvanA nahIM hai phira yahA~ nauveM guNasthAna taka bAIsa parISaha kyoM kahe ? samAdhAna-sUtra meM bAdarasAmparAya pada hai aura bAdarasAmparAya
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________________ 6. 8-17. ]. parISoM kA varNana 426 kA artha hai sthUlakAya | yaha nauveM guNasthAna taka sambhava hai isa dRSTi se bAda sAmparAya kA artha nauveM guNasthAna taka kiyA hai vaise to pradarzana marISaha kA pAyA jAnA AThaveM va nauveM guNasthAna meM kisI bhI hAlata meM sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki ina guNasthAnoM meM darzanamohanIya kI kisI bhI prakRti kA udaya nahIM pAyA jAtA / / 12 / / aba kauna kauna parISaha kina-kina karmoM ke nimitta se hote haiM yaha batalAte haiM / jJAnAvaraNa karma prajJA aura ajJAna ina do parISahoM kA kAraNa hai / yahA~ prajJA se kSAyopazamika vizeSa jJAna kAraNoM kA nirdeza liyA gayA hai| aise jJAna se kacit kadAcit zrahaMkAra paidA hotA huA dekhA jAtA hai para yaha ahaMkAra anya jJAnAvaraNa ke sadbhAva meM hI sambhava hai isaliye prajJA parISaha kA kAraNa jJAnAvaraNa karma batalAyA hai | darzanamoha pradarzana parISaha kA kAraNa hai / antarAya karma lAbha parISaha kA kAraNa hai | cAritramohanIya karma nagnatA, arati, strI, niSadyA, Akroza, yAcanA aura satkAra puraskAra parIpar3oM ke kAraNa haiM / tathA vedanIya karma ukta parISahoM ke sivA zeSa gyAraha parISoM ke kAraNa haiM / bAIsa parISoM meM sAtha sambhava nahIM haiM / aise kitane hI parISaha haiM jo eka jIva meM eka jaise zIta aura uSNa ye donoM parISaha eka sAtha sambhava nahIM haiM / jaba zIta parISaha hogA taba uSNa parISaha sambhava nahIM aura jaba uSNa parISaha hogA taba zIta parISaha sambhava nahIM / isa prakAra eka to yaha kama ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra caryA, zayyA aura niSadyA ye tInoM parISaha ekasAtha sambhava nahIM, inameM se eka kAla meM eka hI hogA / isa prakAra do ye kama ho jAte haiN| kula milAkara tIna kama hue| isI se sUtrakAra ne eka sAtha eka jIva meM unnIsa parISaha batalAye haiM / eka sAtha eka jIva meM sambhava parISahoM kI saMkhyA
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________________ 430 tattvArthasUtra [9. 18. ina bAIsa parISahoM para vijaya pAne se karmoM kA saMvara hotA hai|| 8-17 // caritra ke bhedasAmAyikacchedopasthApanAparihAravizuddhisUkSmasAmparAyayathAkhyAtamiti cAritram // 18 // sAmAyika, chedopasthApanA, parihAravizuddhi, sUkSmasAmparAya aura yathAkhyAta yaha pA~ca prakAra kA cAritra hai // 18 // saMyata kI karmoM ke nivAraNa karane ke lie jo antaraGga aura bahiraGga pravRtti hotI hai vaha cAritra hai| yaha pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi ke tAratamya kI apekSA se aura nimittabheda se pA~ca prakAra kA batalAyA hai| vizeSa khulAsA isa prakAra hai sAmAyika meM samaya zabda kA artha hai samyaktva, jJAna, saMyama aura tapa inake sAtha aikya sthApita krnaa| isa prakAra AtmapariNAmoM kI _ vRtti banAye rakhanA hI sAmAyika hai| tAtparya yaha hai sAmayika cAritra. ki rAga aura dveSa kA nirodha karake saba Avazyaka kartavyoM meM samatAbhAva banAye rakhanA hI sAmAyika hai| isake niyatakAla aura aniyatakAla aise do bheda haiN| jinakA samaya nizcita hai aise svAdhyAya Adi niyatakAla sAmAyika hai aura jinakA samaya nizcita nahIM hai aise IryApatha Adi aniyatakAla sAmAyika hai| jaise ahiMsAvrata saba vratoM kA mUla hai vaise hI sAmAyika cAritra saba cAritroM kA mUla hai| "maiM sarva sAvadyayogase virata hU~" isa eka vrata meM samAveza ho jAne se eka sAmAyika vrata mAnA hai aura vahI eka vrata pA~ca yA aneka bheda rUpa se vivakSita hone ke kAraNa chedopasthAnA cAritra kahalAtA hai|
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________________ cAritra 9. 16-20.] tapa kA varNana inameM prathama dravyArthika nayakA aura dUsarA paryAyArthika naya kA chedopasthA viSaya hai| tattvataH inameM anuSThAnakRta koI bheda " nahIM hai| kevala vivakSAbheda se ye do cAritra haiN| jo tIsa varSa taka sukhapUrvaka ghara meM rahA, anantara dIkSA lekara parihAravizuddhi jisane tIrthakarake pAdamUla meM pratyAkhyAnapUrvakA adhya- yana kiyA use parihAravizuddhicAritra kI prApti hotI hai| prANiyoM kI hiMsA kA parihAra hone se yaha cAritra vizuddhi ko prApta hotA hai isalie parihAravizuddhicAritra kahalAtA hai| jisameM krodha Adi anya kaSAyoM kA to udaya hotA nahIM kintu sUkSmasAmparAyacAritra - kevala ati sUkSma lobha kA udaya hotA hai vaha - sUkSmasAmparAya cAritra hai| yaha kevala dasaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai| jisameM kisI bhI kapAya, kA udaya na hokara yA to vaha upa ra zAnta rahatA hai yA kSINa vaha yathAkhyAta cAritra hai| ' vaha gyArahaveM guNasthAna se hotA hai| yaha pA~coM prakAra kA cAritra AtmA kI sthiratA kA kAraNa hone se saMvara kA prayojaka hai // 10 // tapa kA varNanaanazanAvamaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgaviviktazayyAsanakAyaklezA bAhyaM tapaH // 19 // prAyazcittavinayavaiyAvRttyasvAdhyAyavyutsargadhyAnAnyuttaram / / anazana, avamaudarya, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, viviktazayyAsana aura kAyakleza yaha chaH prakAra kA bAhya tapa hai| yathAkhyAtaca
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________________ 432 tattvArthasUtra [ 9. 19-20 prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRttya, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga aura dhyAna yaha cha: prakAra kA Abhyantara tapa hai| viSayoM se mana ko haTAne ke lie aura rAga dvepa para vijaya prApta karane ke lie jina jina upAyoM dvArA zarIra, indriya aura mana ko tapAyA jAtA hai arthAt ina para vijaya prApta kI jAtI hai ve sabhI upAya tapa haiN| isake bAhya aura Abhyantara aise do bheda haiN| jisameM bAhya dravya kI apekSA hone se jo dUsaroM ko dokha par3e vaha bAhya tapa hai| tathA isake viparIta jisameM mAnasika kriyA kI pradhAnatA ho aura jisameM bAhya dravyoM kI pradhAnatA na hone se jo sabako na dIkha par3e vaha yAbhyantara tapa hai| bAhya tapa kA phala mukhyatayA Abhyantara tapa kI puSTi karanA hai kyoMki aisA kAyakleza jisase manonigraha nahIM hotA tapa nahIM hai| inameM se pratyeka ke chaha chaha bheda haiM jinakA nAma nirdeza sUtrakAra ne svayaM kiyA hai| azana arthAt bhojana kA tyAga karanA anazana hai| yaha saMyama kI va puSTi, rAga kA uccheda, karmakA vinAza aura dhyAna bAhya tapa ko prApti ke liye kiyA jAtA hai| 2 bhUkhase kama khAnA avamaudarya tapa hai / muni kA utkRSTa AhAra battIsa grAsa batalAyA gayA hai isase kama khAnA avamaudarya hai| yaha saMyama ko jAgRta rakhane, doSoM ke prazama karane aura santoSa tathA svAdhyAya Adi kI siddhi ke liye dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| 3 eka ghara yA eka galI meM AhAra kI vidhi milegI to AhAra lU~gA anyathA nahIM ityAdi rUpa se vRtti kA parisaMkhyAna karanA vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa hai| yaha citta vRtti para vijaya pAne aura Asakti ko kama karane ke liye dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| 4 ghI Adi vRSya rasoM kA tyAga karanA rasa parityAga tapa hai / yaha indriyoM aura nidrA para vijaya pAne tathA sukhapUrvaka svAdhyAya kI siddhi ke liye dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| 5 ekAnta zUnya ghara Adi meM sonA
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________________ 9. 21-24 ] prAyazcita Adi tapoM ke bheda va unakA nAma nirdeza 433 baiThanA viviktazayyAsana tapa hai| yaha nirvAdha brahmacarya, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna kI siddhi ke liye dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| AtApana yoga, vRkSa ke mUla meM nivAsa karanA, khule maidAna meM sonA yA bahuta prakAra kI AsanoM Adi kA lagAnA Adi kAyakleza tapa hai / yaha deha ko sahazIla banAne ke liye, sukha viSayaka Asakti ko kama karane ke liye aura pravacana kI prabhAvanA karane ke liye dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / 1 jisase pramAdajanita doSoM kA zodhana kiyA jAtA hai vaha prAyazcitta hai / 2 jJAna Adi kA bahumAna karanA aura pUjya puruSoM meM Adara bhAva rakhanA vinaya hai / 3 apane zarIra dvArA yA anya sAdhanoM dvArA upAsanA karanA arthAt sevA zuzrUSA karanA vaiyAvRtya hai / 4 Alasya kA tyAga kara nirantara jJAnAbhyAsa karanA svAdhyAya hai / 5 ahaMkAra aura mamakAra kA tyAga karanA vyutsarga hai / 6 citta ke vikSepa kA tyAga karanA dhyAna hai / zrabhyantara tapa yaha bArahoM prakAra kA tapa saMvara kA kAraNa hokara bhI pramukhatA se nirjarA kA kAraNa hai / svAvalambana kI dRSTi se isakA jIvana meM bar3A mahattva hai / / 19-20 // prAyazcitta Adi tapoM ke bheda va unakA nAma nirdeza - navacaturdazapaJcadvimedA yathAkramaM prAgdhyAnAt // 21 // AlocanapratikramaNa tadubhayavivekavyutsargatapazcchedaparihAro pasthApanAH / / 22 // jJAnadarzanacAritropacArAH // 23 // zrAcAryopAdhyAyatapasvizaikSa glAnagaNakula saMgha sAdhumano jJAnAm // 24 //
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________________ 434 tattvArtha sUtra vAcanApRcchanAnuprekSAmnAyadharmopadezAH / / 25 / / bAhyAbhyantaroSadhyoH // 26 // dhyAna se pahale ke Abhyantara tapoM ke anukrama se nau, cAra, dasa, pAMca aura do bheda haiM / [ 6. 25-26 Alocana, pratikramaNa, tadubhaya, viveka, vyutsarga, tapa, cheda, parihAra aura upasthApana yaha nava prakArakA prAyazcitta hai / jJAna- vinaya, darzana vinaya, cAritra vinaya aura upacAra vinaya ye cAra vinaya haiN| AcArya, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, zaikSa, glAna, gaNa, kula, saMgha, sAdhu aura manojJa inakI vaiyAvRttya ke bheda se dasa prakAra kA vaiyAvRttya hai / vAcanA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA, AmnAya aura dharmopadeza ye pAMca prakAra ke svAdhyAya haiM / bAhya aura Abhyantara upAdhi kA tyAga yaha do taraha kA vyutsarga hai| Age cala kara dhyAna kA vicAra vistAra se karanevAle haiM isaliye yahAM usake bhedoM ko na ginA kara zeSa Abhyantara tapoM ke bheda ginAye gaye haiM / anukrama se unakA vistRta vicAra karate haiM jo nimna prakAra hai 9 guru ke sAmane zuddhabhAva se AlocanA sambandhI dasa doSoM ko TAla kara apane doSa kA nivedana karanA Alocana prAyazcitta ke nau bheda hai | 2 kiye gaye aparAdha ke prati 'merA doSa mithyA ho' guru se aisA nivedana karake punaH vaise doSoM se bacate rahanA pratikramaNa hai / 3 Alocana aura pratikramaNa ina donoM kA eka sAtha karanA tadubhaya hai / yadyapi pratikramaNa nAma kA prAyazcitta bhI AlocanapUrvaka hI hotA hai tathApi pratikramaNa aura tadubhayameM antara hai / pratikramaNa 1
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________________ 9. 21.26 ] prAyazcita Adi tapoM ke bheda va unakA nAma nirdeza 435 ziSya dvArA kiyA jAtA hai aura tadubhaya kA adhikArI guru hai|4 anna, pAtra aura upakaraNa Adi ke mila jAne para unakA tyAga karanA viveka hai| athavA kisI kAraNa se aprAsuka dravya kA yA tyAge hue prAsuka dravya kA grahaNa ho jAya to smaraNa karake usakA tyAga kara denA viveka hai / 5 du.svapna aura kadAcit mana meM bure vicAra Adi ke Ane para usa doSa ke parihAra ke liye dhyAnapUrvaka niyata samaya taka kAyotsaga karanA vyutsarga hai| 6 doSa vizeSa ke ho jAnepara usakA parihAra karane ke liye anazana Adi karanA tapa hai| 7 jo sAdhu cirakAla se dIkSita hai, svabhAva se zUra hai aura garviSTha hai usase kisI prakAra kA doSa ho jAne para usa doSa ke parihAra ke liye kucha samaya kI dIkSA kA cheda karanA cheda hai| 8 kisI bar3e bhArI doSa ke lagane para usa doSa kA parihAra karane ke liye kucha kAla ke liye sAdhu ko saMgha se judA rakhanA aura guru ke sivA zeSa sAdhuoM ke sAtha kisI prakAra kA samparka na rakhane denA parihAra hai| 6 kisI bar3e bhArI doSa ke lagane para usa doSa kA parihAra karane ke liye pUrI dIkSA kA cheda karake phira se dIkSA denA upasthApanA hai| ye saba prAya zcitta deza kAla kI yogyatA aura zakti kA vicAra karake diye jAte haiM !!22 // 1 mokSopayogI jJAna prApta karanA, usakA abhyAsa cAlU rakhanA .... aura kiye hue abhyAsa ko smaraNa rakhanA jJAna vinaya ke cAra bheda - vinaya hai / 2 samyagdarzana kA zaMkAdi doSoMse rahita hokara pAlana karanA darzana vinaya hai| 3 sAmAyika Adi yathAyogya cAritra ke pAlana karane meM citta kA samAdhAna rakhanA cAritra vinaya hai| 4 AcArya Adi ke prati samucita vyavahAra karanA jaise unake sAmane vinayapUrvaka jAnA, unake Ane para uTha kara khar3A ho jAnA, Asana denA, namaskAra karanA ityAdi upacAra vinaya hai // 23 //
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [6. 21-26 jinakI vaiyAvRttya kI jAtI hai ve dasa prakAra ke haiN| yathA--1 vaiyAvatya ke dasa jinakA mukhya kAma vratoM kA pAcaraNa karAnA prAcArya kahalAte haiN| 2 jinase mokSopayogI zAstroM kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai ve upAdhyAya kahalAte haiN| 3 jo mahopavAsa Adi bar3e aura kaThora tapa karate haiM ve tapasvI haiN| 4 jo zikSA lenevAle hoM ve zaikSa haiN| 5 roga Adi se jina kA zarIra klAMta ho ve glAna haiN| 6 sthaviroM kI santati gaNa hai| 7 dIkSA denevAle AcArya ko ziSya paramparA kula hai| 8 jo cAroM varNa ke rahe haiM aise zramaNoM kA samudAya saMgha hai| 9 jo cirakAla se pravrajyAdhArI hoM ve sAdhu haiN| 10 jinakA janatA meM vizeSa Adara satkAra hotA hai ve manojJa haiN| ye dasa prakAra ke sAdhu haiM jinakI zarIra dvArA va anya prakAra se vaiyAvRttya karanI cAhiye // 24 // 1 grantha, artha yA donoM kA nirdoSa rIti se pATha lenA vAcanA hai| svAdhyAya ke pA~ca bheTa 2 zaGkA ko dUra karane ke liye yA vizeSa nirNaya karane ke liye pRcchA karanA pRcchanA hai| 3 par3he hue pATha kA mana se abhyAsa karanA arthAt usakA punaH punaH mana se vicAra karate rahanA anuprekSA hai| 4 jo pATha par3hA hai usakA zuddhatApUrvaka punaH punaH uccAraNa karanA AmnAya hai| 5dharma kathA karanAdharmopadeza hai / / 25 / / zarIra Adi meM ahaMkAra aura mamakAra bhAva ke hone para usakA tyAga karanA vyutsarga hai| yaha tyAgane yogya vastu bAhya aura Abhyantara vyutsarga ke do bheda na ke bheda se do prakAra kI hai| isase vyutsarga bhI do 5 prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| jo makAna, kheta, dhana aura dhAnya Adi jude haiM para unameM apanI mamatA banI huI hai ve bAhya upadhi haiM aura AtmA ke pariNAma jo krodhAdika rUpa hote haiM ve Abhyantara upadhi haiN| vyutsaga meM ina donoM prakAra ke upAdha-parigrahoM kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai isaliye vyutsarga do prakAra kA hai // 26 //
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________________ 437 9. 27] dhyAna kA varNana dhyAna kA varNanauttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyAnamAntarmuhUrtAt // 27 // uttama saMhananavAle kA eka viSaya meM cittavRtti kA rokanA dhyAna hai jo antarmuhUrta taka hotA hai| ___ yahA~ dhyAna kA adhikArI, usakA svarUpa aura kAla ina tIna bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi dhyAna saba saMsArI jIvoM ke hotA hai isaliye isa dRSTi se vicAra karane para prastuta sUtra kI racanA upayukta pratIta nahIM hotI kintu yahA~ para prazasta dhyAna kI pradhAnatA se isa sUtra kI racanA huI hai aisA samajhanA caahiye| saMhanana chaha haiM unameM se vajrarSabhanArAca saMhanana, vana nArAcasaMhananA ra aura nArAcasaMhanana ye tIna uttama saMhanana haiN| prastuta sUtra meM uttama saMhananavAle ke dhyAna batalAyA hai isakA yaha abhiprAya hai ki uttama saMhananavAlA hI dhyAna kA adhikArI haiM kyoMki citta ko sthira karane ke liye Avazyaka zarIra bala apekSita rahatA hai jo ukta tIna saMhananavAloM ke sivA anya ke nahIM ho sktaa| __ zaMkA-ukta tIna saMhananoM ke sivA zeSa saMhananavAle jIvoM ke jo dhyAna hotA hai vaha kyA vAstava meM dhyAna nahIM hai ? samAdhAna-dhyAna to vaha bhI hai para yahA~ upazamazreNi yA kSapakazreNi para car3hane kI pAtratA rakhanevAle jIva ke dhyAna kI apekSA se varNana kiyA hai, kyoM ka saMvara aura nirjarA ke upAyoM meM aisI hI yogyatAvAle prANI kA dhyAna apekSita hai| isI se prastuta sUtra meM tIna uttama saMhananoM meM se kisI eka saMhananavAle jIva ko dhyAna kA adhikArI batalAyA hai| ___zvetAmbara paramparA meM 'AntarmuhurtAt' ke sthAna meM 'A muhUrtAt' svatantra adhikArI sUtra hai|
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________________ svarUpa 438 tattvArthasUtra [ 6. 27. citta ko anavasthita svabhAva vatalAyA hai| vaha eka viSaya para cirakAla taka TikatA hI nahIM, kSaNa kSaNa meM badalatA rahatA hai| aura yaha badalane kA krama kabhI kabhI to buddhipUrvaka hotA na hai arthAt citta ko balAt anya viSaya se haTAkara vivakSita viSaya meM lagAyA jAtA hai aura kabhI kabhI abuddhipUrvaka bhI hotA hai , arthAt svabhAvataH mana eka vipaya para na Tikakara binA prayojana ke hI duniyA kI bAteM socA karatA hai| para citta kI isa pravRtti se lAbha nahIM, ataH bar3e prayatna ke sAtha use anya azepa vipayoM se haTAkara kisI eka upayogI viSaya meM sthira rakhanA hI dhyAna hai| citta chadmastha jIva ke hI pAyA jAtA hai, kyoMki kSAyopazamika jJAna kA sadbhAva vahIM taka batalAyA hai, isaliye vAstava meM dhyAna bArahaveM guNasthAna taka hI hotA hai| terahaveM va caudahaveM guNasthAna meM dhyAna kA ullekha kevala upacAra se kiyA hai| koI bhI dhyAna adhika se adhika antarmuhUrta kAla taka hI rahatA hai isake bAda cittavRtti kI dhArA hI badala jAtI hai, ataH dhyAna kA ___ kAla antamuhUte se adhika nahIM banatA hai| loka meM jo prANAyAma dvArA bahuta bar3e kAla taka samAdhi sAdhane kI bAteM sunane meM AtI haiM so vAstava meM aisI samAdhi dhyAna nahIM hai / isase zarIrAtizayoM kI prApti bhale hI ho jAya para Atmazuddhi nahIM hotI, kyoMki aisI samAdhi eka prakAra kI behozI hI hai jisameM suSupti ke samAna mana kAma nahIM karatA / purANa granthoM meM bhI 'bAhuvali ne eka varSa taka lagAtAra dhyAna kiyA' ityAdi ullekha Ate haiM so unakA abhiprAya itanA hI hai ki itane dina unakI bAhya pravRtti banda rhii| mAnasika vRtti meM unake bhI antarmuhUrta ke bAda nirantara badala hotA rahA hai||27||
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________________ 1. 28-34] AdhyAna kA nirUpaNa 439 dhyAna ke bheda aura unakA phalazrAtaraudradharmyazuklAni // 28 // pare mokSahetU // 29 // Ata, rodra, dharmya aura zukla ye dhyAna ke cAra bheda haiM / unameM se para arthAt anta ke do dhyAna mokSa ke hetu haiN| 1 Rta kA artha duHkha hai| jisake hone meM duHkha kA udvega yA tIvratA nimitta hai vaha ArtadhyAna hai| 2 rudra kA matalaba kara pariNAmoM se hai| jo kara pariNAmoM ke nimitta se hotA hai vaha raudra dhyAna hai / 3 jo zubha rAga aura sadAcaraNa kA poSaka hai vaha dharmyadhyAna hai aura 4 mana kI atyanta nirmalatA ke hone para jo ekAgratA hotI hai vaha zukla dhyAna hai| isa prakAra ye cAra dhyAna haiN| inameM se anta ke do dhyAna mokSa arthAt jIvana kI vizuddhi ke prayojaka hai isaliye ve sudhyAna kahalAte haiM aura prArambha ke do dhyAna saMsAra ke kAraNa hone se duni kahe jAte haiM // 28-26 // aArtadhyAna kA nirUpaNaArtamamanojJasya samprayoge tadviprayogAya smRtisamanvAhAraH // 30 // viparItaM manojJasya // 31 // vedanAyAzca // 32 // nidAnaM ca // 33 // tadaviratadezaviratapramattasaMyatAnAm // 34 // apriya vastu ke prApta hone para usake viyoga ke liye cintAsAtatya kA honA prathama AtadhyAna hai|
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [ 6. 30-34 priya vastu ke viyoga hone para usakI prApti ke liye satata cintA karanA dUsarA zrArtadhyAna hai / 440 vedanA ke hone para usake dUra karane ke liye satata cintA karanA tIsarA dhyAna hai | AgAmI viSaya kI prApti ke liye nirantara cintA karanA cauthA dhyAna hai / vaha AdhyAna avirata, dezavirata aura pramattasaMyata jIvoM ke hotA hai / pUrvokta cAra dhyAnoM meM se inakA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ ArtadhyAna ke bheda aura unake svAmI jaisA ki hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki dhyAna kA mukhya AdhAra pIr3A hai / vaha pIr3A aniSTa vastu kA saMyoga, iSTa vastu kA viyoga, pratikUla vedanA aura AgAmI bhogAkAMkSA ina cAra kAraNoM meM se kisI eka ke nimitta se huA karatI hai isaliye nimitta bheda se isa dhyAna ke cAra bheda ho jAte haiM / 1 jo vastu apane ko apriya hai usakA saMyoga hone para tajjanya pIr3A se vyAkula hokara usa vastu ke viyoga ke liye satata cintA karanA aniSTa saMyogaja ArtadhyAna hai / 2 putrAdi iSTa vastu kA viyoga ho jAne para usakI prApti ke liye nirantara cintA karate rahanA iSTa viyoga ArtadhyAna hai / 3 zArIrika va mAnasika kisI bhI prakAra kI pIr3A ke hone para usake dUra karane ke liye satata cintA karate rahanA vedanA nAmaka dhyAna hai aura 4 AgAmI bhogoM kI prApti ke liye cintA karate rahanA nidAna ArtadhyAna hai / ye ArtadhyAna prArambha ke chaha guNasthAnoM taka ho sakate haiM / usameM bhI nidAna dhyAna pramattasaMyata guNasthAna meM nahIM hotA, kyoMki bhogA kAMkSA ko bhAvanA hone para sarvavirati kA tyAga ho jAtA hai || 30-34 //
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________________ dhyAna kA nirUpaNa raudra dhyAna kA nirUpaNa hiMsA nRtasteyaviSayasaMrakSaNebhyo raudramaviratadezaviratayoH 35 hiMsA, asatya, corI aura viSayasaMrakSaNa ke liye satata cintA karanA raudradhyAna hai / vaha avirata aura dezavirata meM sambhava hai / yahA~ nimitta kI apekSA raudradhyAna ke bheda aura unake svAmI batalAye gaye haiM / yaha pahale hI batalA Aye haiM ki raudradhyAna kA mUla AdhAra krUratA hai / yahA~ usa krUratA ke janaka hiMsA, asatya, corI aura vipayasaMrakSaNa ye cAra nirmitta liye gaye haiM isaliye raudradhyAna ke cAra bheda ho jAte haiM - hiMsAnandI, mRpAnandI, cauryAnandI aura pari 9. 35-36. ] 441 nandI | inakA artha ina nAmoM para se hI spaSTa hai| yaha dhyAna prArambha ke pA~ca guNasthAna taka sambhava hai / dezavirata ke bhI kadAcit parigraha kI rakSA Adi nimitta se pariNAmoM meM tIna kalupatA utpanna ho jAtI hai, isaliye dezavirata guNasthAna taka isa dhyAna kA sadbhAva batalAyA hai / / 35 / / dharmyadhyAna kA nirUpaNa- AjJApAyavipAka saMsthAnavicayAya dharmyam 9 // 36 // AjJA, apAya, vipAka aura saMsthAna inakI vicAraNA ke nimitta mana ko ekAma karanA dharmyadhyAna hai / yahA~ nimittabheda se dhayadhyAna ke cAra bheda haiM / 1 kisI bhI padArtha kA vicAra karate samaya aisA manana karanA ki isa viSaya meM jo jina deva jJA hai vaha pramANa hai AjJAvicaya dharmyadhyAna hai / 2 jo sanbhAga para na hokara mithyA mArga para sthita haiM unakA mithyAmArga se chuTakArA 1 zvetAmbara paramparA meM 'dhamyam' ke sthAna meM 'dharmamapramattasaMyatasya' sUtra pATha hai| tathA isake zrAge 'upazAnta kSINakapAyayokSa' atirikta sUtra hai /
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________________ 442 tattvArtha sUtra [ 6. 37-44 kaise ho isa dizA meM satata vicAra karanA apAyavicaya dharmyadhyAna hai / 3 dravya, kSetra, kAla bhava aura bhAva inakI apekSA karma kaise kaise phala dete haiM isakA satata vicAra karanA vipAkavicaya dharmyadhyAna hai / 4 loka ke AkAra aura usake svarUpa ke vicAra meM apane citta ko lagAnA saMsthAnavicaya dharmyadhyAna hai / ye dharmyadhyAna ke cAra bheda haiN| ye avirata, dezavirata, pramattasaMyata aura apramattasaMyata jIvoM ke sambhava haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki zreNi ArohaNa ke pahale-pahale dharmyadhyAna hotA hai. aura zreNi ArohaNa ke samaya se zukladhyAna hotA hai // 36 // zukta dhyAna kA nirUpaNa - zukle cAdye pUrvavidaH || 37 // pare kevalinaH || 38 // pRthaktvaikatvavitarkasUkSma kriyApratipAtivyuparata kriyAnivartIni / yogAyogAyogAnAm // 40 // ekAzraye savitarkavIcAre pUrve // 41 // vIcAraM dvitIyam / / 42 / / vitarkaH zrutam // 43 // . vIcAro'rthavyaJjanayogasaMkrAntiH // 44 // Adi ke do zukla dhyAna pUrva vida ke hote haiM / bAda ke do kevalI ke hote haiN| pRthaktvavitarka, ekatvavitarka, sUkSmakriyApratipAti aura vyuparata kriyAnivarti ye cAra zukladhyAna haiM / ve krama se tIna yoga vAle, eka yoga vAle, kAyayoga vAle aura ayogI ke hote haiN|
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________________ 6. 37-44] zukladhyAna kA nirUpaNa pahale ke do eka AzrayavAle savitarka aura savIcAra hote haiN| dUsarA dhyAna avIcAra hai| vitarka kA artha zruta hai| artha, vyaJjana aura yoga ko saMkrAnti vIcAra hai| ina sUtroM meM zukla dhyAna kA varNana karate hue usake svAmI, bheda aura svarUpa ina tIna bAtoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| 39 ve sUtra meM zukla dhyAna ke cAra bheda batalAye haiM / unakA svAmI kisa pAtratA kA jIva hotA hai aura kauna yoga ke svAmI rahate hae ve dhyAna hote haiM isa prakAra yahAM svAmI kA kathana do prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| pAtratA kI dRSTi se vicAra karate hue batalAyA hai ki jo pUrvadhara hoM unake prArambha ke do zukladhyAna hote haiM aura kevalI ke anta ke do zukla bhyAna hote haiN| yahAM pUrvadhara ke Adi ke do zukla dhyAna hote haiM aisA kathana karane se sabhI pUrvadharoM ke zukla dhyAna prApta huA kintu bAta aisI nahIM hai, kyoMki zreNI para ArohaNa karane ke pUrva dhamyadhyAna hotA hai aura zreNI meM zukladhyAna hotA hai, isaliye yahAM aise hI pUrvadhara lene cAhiye jo upazama zreNI yA kSapaka zreNI meM sthita hoN| isameM bhI zukladhyAna kA pahalA bheda upazama zreNi ke saba guNasthAnoM meM aura kSapaka zreNi ke dasaveM guNasthAna taka hotA hai tathA dUsarA bheda bArahaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai| isI prakAra zukladhyAna kA tIsarA bheda sayogakevalI ke aura cauthA bheda ayogakevalI ke hotA hai| yoga kI apekSA tInoM yogavAlA prathama dhyAna kA svAmI hai| arthAt prathama dhyAna ke rahate hue yoga badala sakatA hai| dUsarA yoga tIna yogoM meM se kisI eka yogavAle ke hotA hai| tIsarA dhyAna sirpha kAyayogavAle ke aura cauthA dhyAna ayogI ke hotA hai|
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________________ tattvArthasUtra [6. 37-44 anya dhyAnoM ke samAna zukladhyAna ke bhI cAra bheda kiye gaye haiN| va jinake krama se ye nAma haiM-pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra, ekatvavitarkaavIcAra, sUkSmakriyApratipAti aura vyuparatakriyAnivati / __prathama do zukladhyAna pUrvadhArI ke hote haiN| isI se ve ekAzrayI aura savitarka arthAt zrutajJAna sahita kahe gaye haiN| tathApi inameM itanA antara hai| vaha yaha ki prathama meM pRthaktva arthAt bheda hai aura dUsare meM ekatva arthAt abheda hai| isI taraha prathama meM vIcAra arthAt artha, vyajana aura yoga kA saMkrama hai jaba ki dUsarA vIcAra se rahita hai| isI kAraNa se ina dhyAnoM ke nAma kramazaH pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra aura ekatvavitakavIcAra rakhe gaye haiN| tathA tIsarA dhyAna sUkSma kAya. yoga ke samaya aura cauthA dhyAna kriyA arthAt yoga kriyA ke uparata ho jAne para hotA hai| isI se inake nAma kramazaH sUkSma kriyApratipAti aura vyuparatakriyAnivarti rakhe gaye haiN| yaha inake nAmakaraNa kI sArtha. katA hai| aba inakA svarUpa aura kArya batalAte haiM - jaba upazama zreNI yA kSapaka zreNI para AroharaNa karanevAlA koI pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra eka pUvajJAnadhArI manuSya zrutajJAna ke bala se kisI """ bhI paramANu Adi jar3a yA AtmarUpa cetana dravya kA cintavana karatA hai aura aisA karate hue vaha usakA dravyAstika dRSTi se yA paryAyAstika dRSTi se cintavana karatA hai| dravyAstika dRSTi se cintavana karatA huA pudgalAdi vividha dravyoM meM kisa dRSTi se sAmya hai aura inake avAntara bheda bhI kisa prakAra se ho sakate haiM ityAdi bAtoM kA vicAra karatA hai| paryAyAstika dRSTi se vicAra karatA huA vaha unakI vartamAnakAlIna vividha avasthAoM kA vicAra karatA hai| aura zrutajJAna ke AdhAra se kabhI yaha jIva kisI eka dravyarUpa artha para se dUsare dravya rUpa arthe para, eka dravyarUpa artha para se kisI eka paryAya
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________________ 9. 37-44] zukladhyAna kA nirUpaNa 445 rUpa artha para, eka paryAyarUpa artha para se dUsare paryAyarUpa artha para yA eka paryAyarUpa artha para se kisI eka dravyarUpa athe para jJAnAdhArA ko saMkramita karake cintavana ke liye pravRtta hotA hai| isI prakAra kabhI artha para se zabda para aura zabda para se arthe para yA kisI eka zabda para se dUsare zabda para cintavana ke liye pravRtta hotA hai| tathA aisA karatA huA yaha kabhI manoyoga Adi tIna meM se kisI eka yoga kA Alambana letA hai, aura phira use chor3a kara anya yoga kA Alambana letA hai taba usake honevAlA vaha dhyAna pRthaktvavitakabocAra kahalAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki isa dhyAna meM vitarka arthAt zrutajJAna kA Alambana lekara vividha dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jAtA hai isaliye to yaha pRthaktvavita huA aura isameM artha, vyaMjana tathA yoga kA saMkramaNa hotA rahatA hai isaliye yaha vIcAra huA; isa prakAra isa dhyAna kA pUrA nAma pRthaktvavitakevIcAra par3A hai| isa dhyAna dvArA yaha jIva mukhya rUpase cAritra mohanIya kA yA to upazamana karatA hai yA kSapaNa aura isa bIca meM anya prakRttiyoM kA bhI kSapaNa karatA hai| tathA jaba ukta jIva kSINamoha guNasthAna ko prApta hokara vitarka arthAt zruta ke AdhAra se kisI eka dravya yA paryAya kA hI cintavana na karatA hai aura aisA karate hue vaha jisa dravya, paryAya, zabda yA yoga kA avalambana liye rahatA hai, use pravIcAra - nahIM badalatA hai taba ukta dhyAna ekatvavitakevIcAra kahalAtA hai| isa dhyAna dvArA yaha jIva ghAtikame kI zepa prakRtiyoM kA kSapaNa kara kevalajJAna prApta karatA hai| zaMkA-jaba ki pRthaktva kA artha vividhatA hai aura vIcAra kA artha saMkramaNa taba ina donoM zabdoM ko rakhane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / isI taraha ekatva aura avIcAra ina do zabdoM ko rakhane ko ekatvavitake
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________________ 446 tattvArthasUtra [5. 37.44 bhI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki inameM se kisI eka zabda ke dene se dUsare kA kAma cala jAtA hai ? samAdhAna-vividhatA to adhikArI bheda se bhI ho sakatI hai| para yahAM dhyAna ke AlambanabhUta vipaya aura yoga kI vividhatA kI dRSTi se ye zabda diye gaye haiN| pRthaktvavitaka meM viSaya aura yoga donoM meM saMkramaNa hotA hai para ekatvavitarka meM aisA nahIM hotaa| ___ jaba sarvajJa deva yoga nirodha karate hue dUsare saba yogoM kA abhAva kara sUkSma kAyayoga ko prApta hote haiM taba sUkSmakriyApratipAti dhyAna sUkSmakriyApratipAti ra hotA hai / taba kAya vargaNAoM ke nimitta se Atma pradezoM kA atisUkSma parispanda zeSa rahatA hai isaliye ise sUkSma kriyApratipAti dhyAna kahate haiN| kintu jaba kAyavargaNAoM ke nimitta se honevAlA AtmapradezoM kA atisUkSma parispanda bhI zeSa nahIM rahatA aura AtmA sarvathA niSprakampa ra ho jAtA hai taba vyuparatakriyAnivarti dhyAna hotA hai| "" usa samaya kisI bhI prakAra kA yoga zeSa na rahane ke kAraNa isa dhyAna kA ukta nAma par3A hai| isa dhyAna ke hote hI sAtA vedanIya karma kA Asrava ruka jAtA hai aura anta meM zeSa rahe saba karma kSINa ho jAne se mokSa prApta hotA hai| dhyAna meM sthiratA mukhya hai / yadyapi pichale saba dhyAnoM meM jJAnadhArA kI ApekSika sthiratA lI gaI hai para ina do dhyAnoM meM zrutajJAna na hone ke kAraNa jJAnadhArA ko sthiratA nahIM bana sakatI, isaliye kriyA kI sthiratA aura kriyA ke abhAva kI ekarUpatA kI apekSA se inheM dhyAna saMjJA prApta hai // 35-44 //
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________________ 6. 45. } dasa sthAnoM meM karma nirjarA kA taratamabhAva 447 dasa sthAnoM meM karma nirjarA kA taratamabhAvasamyagdRSTizrAvakaviratAnantaviyojakadarzanamohakSapakopazamakopazAntamohakSapakakSINamohajinAH krmsho'sNkhyeygunnnirjraa||4|| samyagdRSTi, zrAvaka, virata, anantAnubandhi viyojaka, darzana moha kSapaka, upazamaka, upazAntamoha, kSapaka, kSINamoha aura jina ye dasa sthAna anukrama se asaMkhyeya guNa nirjarAvAle hote haiN| sAta tattvoM meM eka nirjarAtattva bhI hai| yadyapi isakA pahale do bAra ullekha A cukA hai para abataka isakA vyavasthita varNana nahIM kiyA hai ataH vyavasthita varNana karane ke liye prastuta sUtra kI racanA huI hai| karmoM kA aMzataH kSaya hI nirjarA hai| jo saba karmoM ke kSaya ko mokSa batalAyA hai so saba karmoM kA kSaya kucha eka sAtha to hotA nahIM hai, hotA to hai vaha nirjarA ke krama se hii| hA~ anta meM jo samagra nijarA hotI hai usI kA nAma mokSa hai, isa prakAra vicAra karane para nirjarA mokSa kA hI pUrva rUpa prApta hotA hai| yadyapi yaha nirjarA saba saMsArI jIvoM ke pAI jAtI hai para yahA~ aise jIvoM kI nirjarA kA hI ullekha kiyA hai jo uttarottara mokSa meM sahAyaka hai| aise jIva dasa prakAra ke batalAye haiN| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to ye dasa avasthAe~ haiM jo eka jIva ko bhI prApta ho sakatI haiN| inameM samyagdRSTi yaha prathama aura jina yaha antima avasthA hai arthAt samyagdRSTi se yaha asaMkhyAtaguNI nirjarA kA krama cAlU hokara jina avasthA ke prApta hone taka cAlU rahatA hai| pariNAmoM kI uttarottara vizuddhi hI isakA kAraNa hai| jisake jitanI adhika pariNAmoM kI bizuddhi hogI usake utanI hI adhika karmoM kI nirjarA bhI hogI, isa hisAba se vicAra karane para samyagdRSTi ke sabase kama aura jinake sabase adhika pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi rahatI hai / isakA yaha abhiprAya hai ki samyagdRSTi 26
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________________ tatvArtha sUtra [ 9.46. 448 ke sabase kama aura jinake sabase adhika karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hU~ / nirjarA kA yaha taratama bhAva jina dasa avasthAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai. unakA svarUpa nimna prakAra hai 1 jo darzanamoha kA upazama kara samyaktva ko prApta hotA hai vaha samyagdRSTi hai / 2 jo viratAvirata nAmaka pA~caveM guNasthAna ko prApta hai - yaha zrAvaka hai / 3 jo sarvavirati ko prApta hai vaha virata hai / 4 jo anantAnubandhI kI visaMyojanA kara rahA hai vaha ananta viyojaka hai / 5 jo darzanamoha kI kSapaNA kara rahA hai vaha darzanamohakSapaka hai / 6 upazamazraNa para ArUr3ha prANI upazamaka kahalAtA hai / 7 upazAntamoha guNasthAna ko prApta jIva upazAntamoha kahalAtA hai / 8 kSapakazreNi para ArUr3ha prANI kSapaka kahalAtA hai / 6 kSINamoha gupasthAna ko prApta jIva kSINamoha kahalAtA hai / 10 aura jisameM sarvajJatA prakaTa ho cukI ho baha jina kahalAtA hai / yadyapi samyagdRSTi ke sivA zeSa nau sthAnoM meM apane pUrva pUrva sthAna se asaMkhyAtaguNI nirjarA kA krama bana jAtA hai para samyagdRSTi ke kisase asaMkhyAtaguNI nirjarA hotI hai yaha sUtra meM nahIM batalAyA hai. phira bhI yaha darzanamoha kI upazAmanA kA prArambha karanevAle jIva kI - honevAlI nirjarA kI apekSA jAnanA cAhiye / Azaya yaha hai ki - darzanamoha kI upazamanA kA prArambha karanevAle jIva ke jitanI karma nirjarA hotI hai usase asaMkhyAtaguNI karma nirjarA samyagdraSTi ke hotI hai // 45 // nirgrantha ke bheda- pulAkavakuzakuzIla nirgranthasnAtakAH nirgranthAH || 46 // pulAka, vakuza, kuzIla, nirmantha aura snAtaka ye pA~ca prakAra ke nirgrantha haiM / upadhi yA grantha ye ekArthavAcI zabda haiN| vyutsarga tapa kA varNana
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________________ 9. 47] ATha bAtoM dvArA nirgranthoM kA bizeSa varNana 446 karate samaya isake do bheda batalA Aye haiM-bAhya upadhi aura Abhyantara upadhi / bAhya upadhi meM kSetra, vAstu, hiraNya, suvaNe, dhana, dhAnya dAsI, dAsa, kupya aura bhAeDa ye dasa Ate haiM tathA Abhyantara upadhi se mithyAtva, krodhAdi cAra, hAsyAdi chaha aura tIna veda ye caudaha liye jAte haiN| jisane ina donoM prakAra kI upadhiyoM kA tyAga kara diyA hai vaha nigrantha hai| yahA~ isa nirgrantha ke taratama rUpa honevAle bhAvoM kI apekSA pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM jinakA svarUpa nIce likhe anusAra hai 1 jo uttara guNoM ko uttamatA se nahIM pAlate kintu mUla guNoM meM bhI pUrNatA ko nahIM prApta haiM ve pulAka nigrantha haiN| pulAka payAla ko kahate haiN| vaha jaise sArabhAga rahita hotA hai vaise hI una nirgranthoM ko jAnanA caahiye| 2 jo vratoM ko pUrI taraha pAlate haiM kintu zarIra aura upakaraNoM ko saMskArita karate rahate haiM, Rddhi aura yaza kI abhilApA rakhate haiM, parivAra se lipaTe rahate haiM aura moha nanya dopa se yukta haiM ve vakuza nirgrantha haiN| 3 kuzIla nirgrantha do prakAra ke haiM-pratisevanAkuzIla aura kaSAyakuzIla / jinakI parigraha se Asakti nahIM ghaTI hai, jo mUlaguNoM aura uttaraguNoM ko pAlate haiM to bhI kadAcit uttaraguNoM ko virAdhanA kara lete haiM ve pratisevanAkuzIla nirgrantha haiN| jo anya kaSAyoM para vijaya pA kara bhI saMjvalana kaSAya ke AdhIna haiM, ve kaSAyakuzIla nirgrantha haiN| 4 jinhoMne rAgadveSa kA abhAva kara diyA hai aura antamuhUrta meM jo kevalajJAna ko prApta karate haiM ve nigrantha nigrantha haiN| 5 aura jinhoMne sarvajJatA ko pA liyA hai ve snAtaka nigrantha haiM / / 46 / / zrATha bAtoM dvArA nirgranthoM kA vizeSa varNana-- saMyamazratapratisevanAtIrthaliGgalezyopapAdasthAnavikalpataH sAdhyA: // 47 //
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________________ tatvArtha sUtra [.. 47. saMyama, zruta, pratisevanA, tIrtha, liGga, lezyA, upapAda aura sthAna ke bheda se ina nimranthoM kA vyAkhyAna karanA caahiye| __ pahale jo nimranthoM ke pA~ca bheda batalA Aye haiM unhIM kA ina pATha bAtoM dvArA vizeSa vivaraNa jAnane kI prastuta sUtra meM sUcanA ko gaI hai| vivaraNa nIce likhe anusAra haipulAka, vakuza aura pratisevanAkuzIla inake sAmAyika aura chedo pasthApanA ye do saMyama hote haiN| kapAyakuzoloM ke - yathAkhyAta :. sivA cAra saMyama hote haiM tathA zeSa do nimranthoM ke eka yathAkhyAta saMyama hotA hai| utkRSTa se pulAka, vakuza aura kuzIla abhinnadasapUrvadhara tathA kaSAya kuzIla aura nirgrantha caudahapUrvadhara hote haiN| jaghanya 2 zruta se pulAka AcAra vastu ke jJAtA, vakuza, kuzIla aura nirgrantha ATha pravacana mAtA (pA~ca samiti tIna gupti) ke jJAtA hote haiN| tathA snAtaka sarvajJa hone se zruta rahita hI hote haiN| pulAka pA~ca mahAvrata aura rAtribhojana viramaNa ina chahoM meM se kisI eka vrata kA dUsare ke dabAva yA balAtkAra ke kAraNa virAdhanA na karanevAlA hotA hai| vakuza do prakAra kA hotA hai --- " upakaraNa vakuza aura shriirvkush| upakaraNavakuza acche acche upakaraNa cAhate haiM aura mile hue upakaraNoM kI TIpaTApa karate rahate haiM / zarIrabakuza zarIra kA saMskAra karate rahate haiN| pratisevanA kuzIla mUlaguNoM kI to yathAvat rakSA karate haiM kintu uttaraguNoM kI kucha virAdhanA kara baiThate haiM / zeSa nigrantha virAdhanA nahIM krte| pA~coM prakAra ke nintha sabhI tIrthakaroM ke tIrthakAla meM hote haiN|
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________________ 9. 47] ATha bAtoM dvArA nirgranthoM kA vizeSa varNana 451 liGga dravya aura bhAva ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| bhAva liMga kI pani apekSA pA~ca hI nigrantha hote haiM arthAt sabhI ke sarvavirati rUpa pariNAma hote haiM kintu dravyaliMga sabakA ekasA nahIM hotA, kisI ke pIchI kalaeDalu hotA hai aura kisI ke nahIM hotaa| - pulAka ke tIna zubha lezyAe~ hotI haiN| vakuza aura pratisevanA kuzIla ke chahoM lezyAe~ hotI haiN| kaSAyakuzIla ke anta kI cAra . 6 lezyA lezyAe~ hotI haiN| usameM bhI sUkSmasAmpasayika kapA yakuzIla ke aura zepa nimranthoM ke eka zukla lezyA hI hotI hai / snAtakoM meM ayogiyoM ke koI lezyA nahIM hotii| utkRSTa se pulAkakA upapAda sahasrAra kalpa meM utkRSTa sthitivAle - devoM meM hotA hai| vakuza aura pratisevanAkuzIla kA upa pAda AraNa aura acyuta kalpa meM bAhesa sAgaropama pramANa sthitivAle devoM meM hotA hai / tathA kaSAyakuzIla aura nirgranthoM kA upapAda sarvArthasiddhi meM tetIsa sAgara kI sthitivAle devoM meM hotA hai| jaghanya se ina sabakA upapAda saudharmakalpa meM do sAgaropama pramANa sthitivAle devoM meM hotA hai| kintu snAtaka to niyama se nirvANa jAte haiN| inakA anyatra upapAda nahIM hotaa| sthAna zabda se yahA~ saMyamasthAna liye gaye haiN| pUrNa virati rUpa pariNAma kA nAma saMyama hai / vaha sabakA eka-sA nahIM hotA / kisI kA . kaSAya mizrita hotA hai aura kisI kA kaSAya rahita / - yaha donoM prakAra kA saMyama kaSAya aura pAlambana ke bheda se asaMkhyAta prakAra kA hotA hai| isase saMyamasthAnoM ke asaMkhyAta bheda ho jAte haiM // 47 / / 7 upapAda 8sthAna
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________________ dasavA~ adhyAya aba taka chaha tattvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA jA cukA hai aba kevala mokSa tattva kA nirUpaNa bAkI hai jo isa adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| kevalajJa na kI utpatti meM hetumohakSayAjjJAnadarzanAvaraNAntarAyakSayAca kevalam // 1 // moha ke kSaya se aura jJAnAvaraNa, dazanAvaraNa tathA antarAya ke kSaya se kevala jJAna prakaTa hotA hai| ___ paramAtmA arthAt parama vizuddhi ko prApra hue AtmA do taraha ke hote haiM-sakala paramAtmA aura nikala prmaatmaa| kala kA artha zarIra hai / jo kala arthAt zarIra sahita hokara bhI paramAtma pada ko prApta ho gayA hai vaha sakala paramAtmA hai| isakI arahanta, jina aura sarvajJa ityAdi aneka saMjJAe~ haiN| tathA jisane anta meM isa zarIra kA bhI abhAva karake mokSa pada ko pA liyA hai vaha nikala paramAtmA hai| nikala paramAtmA hone ke pahale sakala paramAtma pada kI prApti niyama se hotI hai / isa pada ko pAkara yaha jIva sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI ho jAtA hai| isI kA nAma kaivalya prApti hai| isa kaivalya prApti ke liye usake pratibandhaka karmoM kA dUra kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai kyoMki unako dUra kiye binA isakI prApti sambhava nhiiN| ve pratibandhaka karma cAra haiN| jinameM se pahale mohanIya karma kA kSaya hotA hai| yadyapi mohanIya karma kaivalya avasthA kA sIdhA pratibandha nahIM karatA hai, tathApi isakA abhAva hue binA zeSa karmo kA abhAva nahIM hotA, isaliye yahA~ ise bhI kaivalya avasthA kA pratibandhaka mAnA hai| isa prakAra mohanIya kA abhAva ho
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________________ 10. 2.] mokSa kA svarUpa 453 jAne ke pazcAt 'antarmuhUrta meM tIna karmoM kA nAza hotA hai aura taba jAkara kaivalya avasthA kI prApti hotI hai| isa avasthA kI prApti hue binA mokSa kI prApti sambhava nahIM isa laye mokSa kA varNana karane ke pahale isakA varNana kiyA hai // 1 // mokSa kA svarUpabandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAM kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSaH // 2 // bandhahetuoM ke abhAva aura nirjarA se saba karmoM kA Atyantika kSaya honA hI mokSa hai| saMsAra kI paripATI usa naukA ke samAna hai jisameM se pAnI to nikAlA jA rahA ho para pAnI Ane kA srota banda na ho| yaha jIva prati samaya navona karmoM kA bandha karatA rahatA hai aura pUrvabaddha karmo ke phala ko bhogakara unakI nirjarA bhI karatA rahatA hai| para jaba taka navIna karmo kA bandha na ruke taba taka ba~dhe hue karmo ko nirjarA hone mAtra se mukti nahIM mila sktii| isake liye nirjarA kI apekSA karmoM ke honevAle bandha ko rokanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| para yaha navIna bandha taba ruka sakatA hai jaba bandha ke hetuoM kA abhAva kiyA jaay| pahale bandha ke hetu pA~ca batalAye haiM-mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga / inake dUra kara dene se navIna bandha nahIM hotA hai aura taba jAkara saMcita karmoM kI nijarA bhI pUrI taraha se kI jA sakatI hai| isI kAraNa se prastuta sUtra meM saba karmo kA Atyantika abhAva karane ke liye bandha ke hetuoM kA abhAva aura nirjarA kA honA Avazyaka batalAyA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki yadyapi kaivalya prApti ke samaya mohanIya Adi cAra karmoM kA abhAva batalA Aye haiM para usake bAda bhI isake vedanIya Adi cAra kama zeSa rahate haiM aura bandha ke hetuoM meM yoga zeSa rahatA hai jisase mokSa nahIM hotaa| jaba jAkara yaha
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________________ 454 tattvArtha sUtra [10. 3.4. jIva pahale yoga kA prabhAva karatA hai aura tatpazcAt zeSa bace cAra karmoM kI samagra nijarA karatA hai taba ise mokSa prApta hotA hai kyoMki vijAtIya dravya se sambandha chUTa kara AtmA kA nirmala Atma svarUpa meM sthita ho jAnA hI to mokSa hai // 2 // mokSa hote samaya aura jina vastuoM kA abhAva hotA hai unakA nirdeza aupazamikAdibhavyatvAnAM ca // 3 // anyatra kevalasamyaktvajJAnadazanasiddhatvebhyaH // 4 // tathA aupazamika Adi bhAvoM aura bhavyatva bhAva ke abhAva hone se mokSa hotA hai| para kevala samyaktva, kevalajJAna, kevala darzana aura siddhatva bhAva kA abhAva nahIM hotaa| mokSa prApti meM jaise paudgalika karmoM kA atyanta abhAva Avazyaka hai vaise hI kucha anya bhAvoM kA abhAva bhI Avazyaka hai| yahA~ aise bhAvoM kI ginatI karAte hue aupazamika bhAva aura bhavyatva bhAva inakA to nAmollekha kiyA hai kintu zeSa bhAvoM kA abhAva batalAne ke liye aupazamika ke Age Adi pada de diyA hai| aba dekhanA yaha hai ki ve saba bhAva kitane haiM aura kyoM unakA abhAva mokSa meM Avazyaka hai / kula bhAva pA~ca prakAra ke ginAye haiM-aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, audayika aura pAriNAmika / inameM se. aupazamika, kSAyopazamika aura audayika ye bhAva karmoM ke sadbhAva meM hI hote haiM, kyoMki aupazamika bhAvoM meM karmoM kA sattA meM maujUda rahanA kSAyopazamika bhAvoM meM kinhIM kA sattA meM rahanA aura kinhIM kA svamukhena yA kinhIM kA paramukhena udaya honA tathA audAyika bhAvoM meM karmoM kA udaya honA Avazyaka hai| aba jaba ki karmoM kA sarvathA abhAva ho gayA to unake sadbhAva meM honevAle ye bhAva kisI bhI hAlata meM nahIM ho sakate yaha
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________________ 10. 5-7.] mokSa hote hI jo kArya hotA hai usakA vizeSa varNana 455 nizcita hai, isaliye to mokSa prApta hone ke pahale ina bhAvoM kA abhAva btlaayaa| aba rahe pAriNAmika bhAva so ye jIva ke nija bhAva haiM, inake hone meM karma apekSita nahIM hai isaliye mokSa meM pAriNAmika bhAvoM ko bAdhaka nahIM mAnA hai, tathApi bhavyatva aura abhavyatva ye pAriNAmika bhAva hote hue bhI jIva ke svabhAva na hokara ApekSika bhAva hai| inakA sadbhAva mukta jAne kI yogyatA aura ayogyatA para nirbhara hai, isaliye mokSa prApta hone ke pahale bhavyatva bhAva kA abhAva mAnA hai| isa prakAra mokSa prApta hone ke pahale kina bhAvoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai isakA vicAra kiyA / tathApi ina bhAvoM meM kSAyika bhAva bhI sammilita haiM aura unakA kathana karmasApekSa hai, isaliye mokSa meM unakA bhI abhAva prApta hotA hai jo ki iSTa nahIM hai, isaliye isI bAta ke batalAne ke liye 'anyatra kevala' ityAdi sUtra kI racanA huI hai| bAta yaha hai ki jitane bhI kSAyika bhAva haiM ve saba AtmA ke nija bhAva haiM para saMsAra dazA meM ve karmoM se ghAtita rahate haiM aura jyoM hI unake pratibandhaka karmoM kA abhAva hotA hai tyoM hI ve prakaTa ho jAte haiM, isaliye yadyapi ve kSAyika kahalAte haiM tathApi nija bhAva hone se unakA mokSa meM abhAva nahIM hotaa| yadyapi prastuta sUtra meM aise kucha hI bhAva ginAye haiM para inake samAna kSAyika vIya, kSAyika sukha Adi aura bhI jitane kSAyika bhAva hoM una saba kA mokSa meM abhAva nahIM hotA aisA prakRta meM yahA~ samajha lenA cAhiye // 3-4 // mokSa hote hI jo kArya hotA hai usakA vizeSa varNana-- tadanantaramUrdhvaM gacchatyAlokAntAt / / 5 / / ' pUrvaprayogAdasaGgatvAd bandhacchedAttathAgatipariNAmAca // 6 // AviddhakulAlacakravadvyapagatalepAlAbuvaderaNDabIjavadagnizikhAvacca // 7 //
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________________ 456 tattvArtha sUtra [10.8. dharmAstikAyAbhAvAt // 8 // saba karmoM kA viyoga hone ke bAda hI mukta jIva loka ke anta taka Upara jAtA hai| . pUrva prayoga se, saMga kA abhAva hone se, bandhana ke TUTane se ora vaisA gamana karanA svabhAva hone se (mukta jIva Upara jAtA hai|) ghumAye gaye kumhAra ke cakra ke samAna, lepa se mukta huI tUMbar3I ke samAna, aNDa ke bIja ke samAna aura agni kI zikhA ke samAna dharmAstikAya kA abhAva hone se mukta jIva lokAnta se aura Upara nahIM jaataa| mukta hone ke pahale jIva karmoM se baMdhA thA isaliye usakI sArI kriyA karmoM ke udyAnusAra hotI thI, kintu karmoM se mukta hone ke bAda vaha kyA karatA hai ? kahA~ rahatA hai ityAdi prazna hote haiM inhIM praznoM kA hetu aura dRSTAntapUrvaka yahA~ uttara diyA gayA hai___karmoM se mukta hote hI jIva Upara loka ke anta taka gati karatA hai aura phira vahA~ Thahara jAtA hai| bAta yaha hai ki mukti manuSyagati se hI hotI hai anya gati se nahIM aura manuSyoM kA sadbhAva DhAI dvIpa aura unake bIca meM Aye hue do samudroM meM pAyA jAtA hai| isa samasta kSetra kA viSkambha paMtAlIsa lAkha yojana hai| loka bhI, jahA~ mukta jIva rahate haiM, itanA hI ThIka isake Upara hai, isaliye mukta hote hI jIva ThIka apanI sIdha meM Upara calA jAtA hai aura usake sabase Upara ke Atmapradeza loka ke antima pradezoM se jA lagate haiM / mukta jIva kI yaha lokAntaprApiNI gati kyoM hotI hai isameM sUtrakAra ne cAra hetu aura una hetuoM kI puSTi meM cAra udAharaNa diye haiN| jinakA khulAsA nimna prakAra hai 1 eka to mukta jIva pUrva prayoga se gati karatA hai / pUrva prayoga kA
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________________ 10. 8. ) mokSa hote hI jo kArya hotA hai usakA vizeSa varNana 457 artha hai pUrva saMskAra se prApta huA vega / jaise kumhAra ke DaNDe se ghumAne ke bAda DagaDe aura hAtha ke haTA lene para bhI pUrva meM mile hue vega ke kAraNa cakra ghUmatA rahatA hai, vaise hI karma mukta jIva bhI pUrva meM karmoM ke udaya se prApta Aveza ke kAraNa karma ke chUTa jAne para bhI svabhAvAnusAra Udhvagati hI karatA hai| 2 dUsare, saMga kA abhAva hone se mukta jIva Urdhvagati karatA hai| jaise tUMbar3I para miTTI Adi dravya kA lepa kara dene para vaha pAnI meM nIce calI jAtI hai kintu lepa ke dUra hote ho vaha pAnI ke Upara A jAtI hai| vaise hI kama bhAra se AkrAnta huA AtmA usake Aveza se saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai kintu usa kamabhAra ke dUra hote hI vaha Upara hI jAtA hai| 3 tIsare, bandhana ke TUTane se mukta jIva Udhrvagati karatA hai / jaise phalI meM rahA huA eraNDa bIja phalI kA bandhana TUTate hI chaTaka kara Upara jAtA hai vaise hI karma bandhana se mukta hote hI yaha jIva Upara jAtA hai| 4 cauthe, Upara gamana karanA svabhAva hone se mukta jIva Urdhvagati karatA hai| jaise vAyu kA jhokA lagane se agni kI zikhA vAyu ke jhoke ke anusAra tirachI cAroM ora ghUmatI hai kintu vAyu ke jhoke ke dUra hote hI vaha svabhAva se Upara kI ora jAtI hai vase hI jaba taka jIva karmoM ke jhamele meM phaMsA rahatA hai taba taka vaha naraka nigoda Adi aneka gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai kintu karma ke dUra hote hI vaha svabhAva se Upara jAtA hai| isa prakAra ina hetuoM aura dRSTAntoM se yadyapi yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki mukta hone ke bAda jIva kI UdhvaMgati hotI hai taba bhI yaha prazna zeSa rahatA hai ki Urca gati karake bhI vaha loka ke anta meM hI kyoM Thahara jAtA hai ? isI prazna kA uttara dene ke liye sUtrakAra ne yaha batalAyA hai ki lokAnta se Age gati na hone kA kAraNa dharmAstikAya kA abhAva' hai kyoMki jahA~ taka dharmAstikAya hai vahIM taka jova aura pudgala kI gati hotI hai Age nahIM aisA niyama hai|
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________________ 458 tattvArtha sUtra [10. 9. bAraha bAtoM dvArA siddhoM kA vizeSa varNanakSetrakAlagatiliGgatIrthacAritrapratyekabuddhabodhitajJAnAvagAhanAntarasaMkhyAlpabahutvataH sAdhyAH // 9 // kSetra, kAla, gati, liMga, tIrtha, cAritra, pratyeka bodhita, buddhabodhita, jJAna, avagAhanA, antara, saMkhyA aura alpabahutva ina bAraha bAnoM dvaar| siddha jIva vibhAga karane yogya haiN| ___ saba siddhoM kA svarUpa ekasA hotA hai, isakI apekSA unameM koI bheda nahIM hai| isaliye jina bAraha bAtoM ko lekara yahA~ vicAra karanevAle haiM unakI apekSA tattvataH siddhoM meM koI bheda nahIM hotA, phira bhI isa vicAra se unake atIta jIvana ke sambandha meM aura yathA sambhava vartamAna jIvana ke sambandha meM bahuta kucha jAnA jA sakatA hai isIliye prastuta sUtra dvArA sUtrakAra ne siddha jIvoM ke sambandha meM vicAra karane kI sUcanA kI hai| yahA~ kSetra Adi bAraha bAtoM ke dvArA vicAra karate samaya bhUta aura vartamAna ina donoM dRSTiyoM se vicAra karanA caahiye| jo nIce likhe anusAra hai vartamAna kA kathana karanevAle nayakI apekSA sabhI ke siddha hone kA 1 kSetra va kSetra siddhikSetra, Atmapradeza yA AkAzapradeza hai / tathA bhUta kA kathana karanevAle nayakI dRSTi se janma kI apekSA pandraha karmabhUmi aura saMharaNa kI apekSA manuSyaloka siddhakSetra hai| ___ vartamAna kA kathana karanevAle nayakI dRSTi se jo jisa samaya meM karmoM se mukta hotA hai vahI usake mukta hone kA kAla hai| tathA bhUta kA ... kathana karanevAle nayakI dRSTi se avasarpiNI va utsarApiNI meM janme hue siddha hote haiN| isameM bhI vizeSa vicAra karane para avasarpiNI ke suSamaduHSamA kAla ke antima bhAga meM
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________________ 10. 9.] bAraha bAtoM dvArA siddhoM kA vizeSa varNana 459 ora duHSamasuSamA kAla meM janme hue siddha hote haiN| kintu duHpamA meM janme hue duHpamA meM siddha nahIM hote / saMharaNa kI apekSA utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI ke saba kAloM meM siddha hote haiN| vartamAna dRSTi se siddha gati meM hI siddha hote haiN| tathA bhUtakAla ko sa dRSTi se yadi anantaragati kI apekSA vicAra kareM to manuSyAti se hI siddha hote haiM aura yadi eka gati kA antara dekara vicAra kareM to cAroM gatiyAM se Akara jIva siddha hote haiN| liMga se veda aura cinha donoM liye jAte haiN| pahale artha ke anusAra vartamAna dRSTi se apagatavedI hI siddha hote haiN| bhUtakAla kI dRSTi se bhAvaveda kI apekSA tInoM vedoM se siddha ho sakate haiM kintu dravyaveda kI apekSA puliMga se hI siddha hote haiN| dUsare artha ke anusAra vartamAna dRSTi se nirgrantha liMga se hI siddha hote haiM aura atItakAla kI dRSTi se to nirgrantha liMga yA sagrantha liMga donoM se siddha hote haiN| tIrtha kI apekSA vicAra karane para koI tIrthakara pada ko prApta kara 5 tIrtha . aura koI isa pada ko nahIM prApta kara siddha hote haiN| - jo isa pada ko nahIM prApta kara siddha hote haiM unameM se koI tIrthakarake sadbhAva meM siddha hote haiM aura koI unake asadbhAva meM siddha hote haiN| vartamAna dRSTi se vicAra karane para siddha kisa cAritra se hote haiM yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA, siddha hone ke samaya meM 6 cAritra paha - pA~ca cAritroM meM se koI cAritra nahIM hotaa| bhUta dRSTi se yadi caudahaveM guNasthAna kA antima samaya leM taba to yathAkhyAta cAritra se siddha hote haiM aura usake pahale ke samayoM ko leM to tIna, cAra tathA pA~ca cAritroM se siddha hote haiM /
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________________ jJAna 460 tattvArtha sUtra [10.9. - pratyeka bodhita aura buddha bodhita donoM siddha hote haiN| jo kimI 1 ke upadeza ke binA svayaM apanI jJAna zakti se hI 'bodha pAkara siddha hote haiM ve pratyeka bodhita yA svayaM aura buddhabodhita / pala bodhita kahalAte haiM aura jo anya jJAnI se bodha prApta kara siddha hote haiM ye yuddhabodhita kahalAte haiN| vartamAna dRSTi se sirpha kevalajJAnI hI siddha hote haiN| bhUta rASTra se . do, tIna aura cAra jJAnavAle bhI siddha hote haiN| do se mati aura zrata ye do jJAna liye jAte haiN| nIna se mati, zruta aura avadhi yA mati, zruta aura manaHparyaya ye tIna jJAna liye jAte haiM aura cAra se mati, zruta, avadhi aura manaHparyaya ye cAra jJAna liye jAte haiN| avagAhanA kA artha hai Atma pradezoM meM vyApta kara amuka zrAkAra saM __ sthita rahanA vartamAna dRSTi se jisakA jo carama zarIra hai. 6 avagAhanA " usase kucha nyUna avagAhanA se siddha hote haiM / bhUtadRSTi se jaghanya, utkRSTa aura madhyama jise jo avagAhanA prApta ho usase siddha hote haiN| jaghanya avagAhanA kucha kama sAr3he tIna aratni ( hAtha ) pramANa hai, utkRSTa avagAhnA pA~ca sau paccIsa dhanuSa pramANa hai aura madhyama avagAhanA aneka prakAra kI hai| siddha do prakAra ke hote haiM--eka nirantara siddha aura dUsare sAntara ..... siddha / prathama samaya meM kisI eka ke siddha hone para 'agara tadanantara dUsare samaya meM jaba koI siddha hotA hai to use nirantara siddha karate haiM aura jaba koI lagAtAra siddha na hokara kucha antarAla se siddha hotA hai taba use sAntara siddha kahate haiN| niratara siddha hone kA jaghanya kAla do samaya aura utkRSTa kAla ATha samaya hai| tathA sAntara siddha hone kA jaghanya antara eka samaya aura utkRSTa antara chaha mahInA hai|
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________________ *bAraha bAtoM dvArA siddhoM kA vizeSa varNana 461 eka samaya meM kama se kama eka jIva siddha hotA hai aura adhika se 11 saMkhyA adhika eka sau ATha jIva siddha hote haiN| madhya ke aneka vikalpa haiN| kSetra aura kAla Adi jina gyAraha bAtoM ko lekara vicAra kiyA gayA hai unameM se pratyeka ke AdhAra se nyUnAdhikatA kA vicAra karanA alpabahutva hai| vartamAna dRSTi se siddha honevAloM kA 12 alpabahutva ' siddha kSetra meM alpabahu tva nahIM bntaa| bhUta dRSTi se kSetra kI apekSA vicAra karane para kSetra siddha do prakAra ke hote hai-- janmasiddha aura saMharaNasiddha / jo jisa kSetra meM janmate haiM usI kSetra se unake siddha hone para ve janmasiddha kahalAte haiM aura anya kSetra meM janme hue jIvoM ko apaharaNa karake anya kSetra meM le jAne para yadi ve usa kSetra se siddha hote haiM to ve saMharaNasiddha kahalAte haiN| inameM se saMharaNa siddha thor3e hote haiM aura janmasiddha saMkhyAtaguNe hote haiN| isI prakAra Urdhvaloka siddha sabase thor3e hote haiM, adholoka siddha unase saMkhyAtaguNe hote haiM aura tiryagloka siddha unase saMkhyAtaguNe hote haiN| samudra siddha sabase thor3e hote haiM aura dvIpasiddha unase saMkhyAtaguNe hote haiN| isI taraha kAla Adi kI apekSA bhI alpabahutva kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| hindI vivecana sahita tattvArthasUtra samApta