Sanskrit Sahityani Ruprekha

Author(s): Narmadashankar J Raval
Publisher: Pratapsinhji Ramsinhji Raol
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006036/1

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" | unA saMskRta sAhitya nI rUpare khAM | 130 janma 1862 dehAvasAna 1884. eka sva0 saja kumAra zrI juvAnasiMhajI jasavaMtasiMhajI sAheba (sva0 mahArAjA zrI takhtasiMhajI sAhebanA laghubaMdhu ) ~: lekhake : zAstrI narmadAzaMkara ja, rAvala, sAhityAcArya, kAvyatIrtha, s. T, C. -: praka zaka :zrI pratApasiMhajI rAmasiMhajI rAola (rAmadharI darabAra ) pustaka prAptisthAna :-zrI narmadAzaMkara zAsrI. ke:- ju. sa. pAThazALA, bhAvanagara saMvata 2015 + mUlya : pacAsa nayA... paisA ke vasaMtapaMcamI

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- sammatyau : Anandameti me mAnasamavalokya zrI narmadAzaMkaralikhitampustakamidam / lekhakAbhinavaprayatno'yaM nitarAM surabhAratIvAGmayasArajijJAsUnAmantevAsinAM mahadupakArAya syAditi mama mataM vidyate / yato gurjarabhASAyAM likhio'ti taMkSipta: subodha: saMskRtasAhityajJAnasampAdako grantho na me dRSTipathamAyAtaH / aparicitavAGmayajJAna mAtRbhASayA'tIva saralambhavatItyatra na kasyacidvimati: / parazca lekhako'yamanena labuka vareNApi sAraguruNA granthena gIrvANavANImantarA samutpAdya ruci chAtrANAmanta:karaNeSu karotyeva mahatI sevAmasyAM amaravANyA iti na kimayaM yatna: prazaMsanIyaH / prakaraNavyavasthA'paztra yathAniyama kRtA'sti / prathama saMskRtabhASAprakaraNa sakalavibudhajanacetohAri bAlamana: saMtoSadamiti prathamamegAbhAti / vAcanejAraya bhavatyutsuko vAcako'grima bhAga vAcayitum / etAdazo'yamanuparaH saiimA dhyAnadakaH sameSAM prItaye bhavatu granthaH / lekhakamahAmanISA ca suphalitA bhUvAniyAdevI prasAdataH / saurASTra saMskRta pAThazAlA, paM. rA. vi. kauNDinyaH M. A. B. T. kASyatIrtha, jAmanagaram / (suvarNapadaka) dinAMka. 24-1-59 nirIkSaka: X zrInarmadAzaMkarazAsriNa: "saMskRtasAhityarUparekhA" bhidha svalpayapurapI pustaka saMskRtabhASAsvarupa bubhu-sUnAM pravivikSUNAM ca gaurjarabhASAbhASiNAM prAthabhikAcchAtrANAM nizcapracanupakAraka syAditi madIyA manISA / lekhanalabdhAyAso'pi terSA prazasya iti zam / saurASTra vidvat pariSad paM. mahAzaMkara na. trivedI, jAmanagaram / vedAntazAlI, kAvyavedAntatIrtha / di. 92-59 pramukha

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H >>>}C/HJPS5 - pra kA za kenA e mAla: mahattva pUrNa 66 3 bAlakanA vikAsamAM itihAsanI zikSAnuM sthAna che. AthI Aje saMskRta sAhityanI rUparekhA " nAmanuM pustaka prakAzita karatAM mane dhaNA harSA thAya che. A jAtanuM eka paNa pustaka gujarAtI bhASAmAM prakAzita thayuM nathI tema mArU mAnavu che. sa MskRta bhASAnA sAdhAraNa jJAna pahelAM sa MskRta bhASAmAM zuM zuM lakhAyela che, te jANavu ati Avazyaka che. A vastune lakSyamAM rAkhI lekhake A pustaka saraLa rIte lakhela che, lekhake saMskRta bhASAneA temano paristhitimAM sArA evA abhyAsa karyo che. sAtheAsAtha hindI temaja iMglIzanuM paNa jJAna dharave che. abhyAsa uparAMta te saMskRta bhASAnA prakhara pracAraka che tema temanA bhAvanagaramAM saMskRta bhASAnA pracAra uparathI jaNAya che. mane jANavA maLyuM che ke teoe 1913nA grISmAvakAzamAM aparicita rAjakoTa zaheramAM sthAnika bara zikSakAnA pUrNa sahakAra (vinA vetana ) meLavI eka mAsa sudhI sa`skRtanA niHzulka vargo lekhaka : zAstrI nAzakara . rAvala calAvyA hatA. A va tA 190 bhAe ane 240 bahenoe lAbha lIdhA hatA. vanI samApti te samayanA zikSaNa pradhAna zrI jAdavajI meodI sAhebanA pramukhapade thai hatI A mATe rAjake.TanA zikSA AbhArI che paraMtu A kAya UbhuM karanAra ane calAvanAra lekhaka hatA, jemaNe e traNa skUlAmAM saMskRta bhASAnuM mahattva samajAvI A kArya zarU karavAnuM vicAryuM hatuM. a A pustaka prakAzita karavAmAM mukhya e kAraNeA che. prathama kAraNa e che ke zrI na`dAzakara zAstrI je pADazALAmAM AcArya tarIke kArya kare che te pAThazALAnI sthApanA rAjakumAra zrI juvAnasi MhajI sAhebanA puNya smaraNArthe karavAmAM Avela che. rAjakumAranI apratima mAtR tathA pitR bhaktithI, moTAbhAinI AjJAne Izvara AjJA samajavAnI zaktithI ane vidyA premathI parama satASa pAmIne ane mArA jIvana puSpane vikasAvavAmAM parAkSa rIte sva. juvAnasiMhajI sAhebanA ThakarANA mAIsAhebaththA sahAyabhUta banela hAvAthI A prakAranA anupama upakAranA smaraNathI A laghu pustikA prakAzita karI mArI jAtane dhanya mAnavAne nAnakaDA lAbha uThAvavA namra prayAsa karU chuM. bIjuM kAraNa e ke zrI narmadAzaMkara zAstro atyaMta utsAhI yuvaka che. teo sa`skRta bhASAnA prakhara pracAraka che. temanA saMskRta pracAramAM huM kaIka A rIte sahakAra ApI zakuM te mArI jAtane dhanya mAnI zakuM. A hetuthI paNa pustaka prakAzita karatAM mane khUba ja AnaMda thAya che,

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huM AzA rAkhuM chuM ke A lekhakanI prathama kRti "saraLa saMskRta vyAkaraNa ne Apa sarvee je rIte utsAhabhera apanAvI lIdhI che, tevI rIte A dvitIya racanAne paNa apanAvI yuvAna lekhakanA kAryamAM pUrNa sahakAra ApI saMskRta bhASAnA pracAramAM sahAyabhUta thaze, e ja namra abhyarthanA. kRSNabhuvana, vAghAvADI roDa, . pratApasiha rAmasiMhajI rAola bhAvanagara jI (rAmadharI darabAra) tA. ka, sva. zrI juvAnasiMhajI sAhebanI jIvana jharamara TAiTala peIja trIjA pAnA upara Apela che. bhUmi kA saMskRta bhASA bhAratanI mULa bhASA che. bhAratanA badhAM prAtamAM bhinna bhinna bhASAone upayoga thAya che te satya che, paraMtu tapAsa karatA ApaNe jANI zakIe chIe ke pratyeka prAtIya bhASAmAM lagabhaga samAM sittera zabda saMskRta bhASAnA heya che. Ane artha e ke pratyeka prAntamAM sIttera TakA jeTalI saMskRta bhASA bolAya che. pachI te zabda saMskRta hoya, tava hoya ke tatsama heya. AthI saMskRta bhASAnA sAhityanuM prAthamika jJAna pratyeka bAlakabAlikAne hovuM Avazyaka che. A hetuthI prerAI tamArA hAthamAM A laghu pustaka "saMskRta sAhityanI rUparekhA" mUkatA ghaNo harSa thAya che. A pustakamAM saMskRta bhASA saMbaMdhI tathA tenA sAhitya saMbaMdhI tamane ghaNuM jANavA maLaze ema mAruM daDha mAnavuM che. A pustakane taiyAra karavAmAM che. zrI baLadeva upAdhyAya racita saMskRta sAhityano ItihAsa temaja saMskRta vADamaya vigere pratye upayogI thayA che tethI huM te vidvAnanuM RNa svIkAruM chuM. A pustakane prakAzita karI Apa sahu samakSa mUkavAnI taka ApavA badala saMskRti premI zrI pratApasiMhajI rAmasiMhajI rAola (rAmadharI darabAra )no khUba ja AbhArI chuM. kAraNa ke je teozrIe A pustaka prakAzita karavAno vicAra na karyo hota te ATaluM jaladI ApanA hAthamAM mUkI na zaka heta te satya vAta che. presa kopI karavAmAM madada karanAra mArA vidyArthIo zrI durgAzaMkara dave tathA zrI bihArilAla paMDayAne bhUlI zakuM tema nathI. pustakane TUMka samayamAM ane dhIrajathI sArI rIte chApavA badala zrI satyanArAyaNa prinTIMga presanA mAlika zrI prabhudAsabhAI DoDiyAne AbhAra mAnuM chuM. A pustikAnA abhiprAya mATe be zabda lakhI ApavA badala sau. saM. pA. nA nirIkSaka sAhebane tathA sau vi. pariSaddanA pramukhazrIno AbhAra mAnuM chuM. AdaraNIya vidvAne ane snehapAtra vidyAthI dostone namra prArthanA che ke mAnavasulabha dezanA kAraNe je azuddhio rahI gaI hoya te kSamya gaNuM sUcana karI AbhArI karaze. ane juvAnasiMhajI saMskRta pAThazALAnA AcArya heI A dvitIya racanA sva. zrI juvAnasiMhajI sAhebane namra nivApAMjali rUpe arpaNa karuM chuM, -lekhaka

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prakaraNa paheluM saMketa bhASA saMskRta bhASA"nA zabdathI kayo mAnavI ajANe hoI zake? je bhASA saMsAranI junAmAM tu nI bhASA che. A devavANI dvArA ApaNe pUrvajoe vedanA maMtrone uccAra karyo hate. AdhyAtmika vAtane samajAvanAra upaniSado paNa A bhASAmAM nibaddha thayelAM che, je mAnava buddhinA vikAsanI aMtima avasthAne batAvanAra che. krauMca pakSIne vadhathI sarvajIva tarapha samabhAva rAkhanAra maharSi vAlmIkie Aja bhASAmAM rAmAyaNanI racanA karI che. jagavikhyAta thayela kauravo ane pAMDavonuM varNana A deva vANimAM mahAbhAratanI racanA maharSi vyAse karela che. bhAratIya saMskRtinA mULane yogya rIte samajAvanAra ane bhavasAgara tAranAra purANonI racanA paNa saMskRta bhASAmAM thayela che. pitAnA jIvana udyAnanA kIti puSpanI saurabhane sarvatra prasarAvanAra mahA kavio-lekhakee potAnA anupama granthonI racanA Aja bhASAmAM karI che. arthAta pRthvInI utpattithI laI pralaya sudhI jJAna, dharma, artha, kAma ane mokSamAMnA keI paNa puruSa rthanI prApti, AryonI prAcIna rIti, rUDhi ane paraMparAnA jJAna ane parI tathA aparA vidyAna, jJAnanI prApti A bhASA dvArA thaI zake che. TUMkamAM laukika unnati ane pAralaukika niyasanI siddhi karAvanAra jeTalA jJAna ane vijJAnanA sAdhano, zAstro tathA grantha bhinna bhinna bhASAmAM lakhAyela che te badhAnuM jJAna je eka ja bhASAnA jJAnathI prApta karavuM hoya te te che saMskRta bhASA. saMskRta bhASAnA be prakAro ApaNAM jovAmAM Ave che. 1 vaidika ane 2 laukika vedika bhASAno upayoga veda tathA brAhmaNa granthomAM jovAmAM maLe che ane itara jeTaluM saMskRta sAhitya jovA maLe che te badhuM laukika bhASAmAM lakhAyela che, saMskRta bhASA ati prAcIna che. tema ApaNe mAnIe chIe, paraMtu vizvanA lekanA matane ullekha karIe to Aje mizra dezanuM sAhitya ghaNuM prAcina manAya che paraMtu te sAhityane samaya I. sa. pUrve cAra hajAra nakkI thayela che, jyAre lekamAnya tilake vedanI bhinna bhinna RcAone samaya i. sa. pUrve cha hajArane mAnela che A hisAbe paNa saMskRta bhASA prAcina che tema nakkI thAya che. ghaNuM lekenuM ema mAnavuM che ke saMskRta bhASAnuM sAhitya eTale dhArmika sAhitya: paraMtu A vidhAna asaMbhavita che. vedamAM paNa aneka AkhyAno che je dvArA lokone kauTubika tathA sAmAjika ane rAjakIya jJAna prApta thAya che. rAmAyaNa eTale rAma ane rAvaNanuM yuddha ja nahi paraMtu vyaktimAM rahelAM guNo ane avaguNonuM batAvanAra pAradarzaka yaMtra.

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mahAbhArata eTale jhaghaDAonuM medAna ja nahi paraMtu satya ane asatyanI cakAsaNI. A uparAMta kauTilyanuM arthazAstra, vAsyAyanuM kAmazAstra ane bhAratanuM nATayazAstra upara kalama calAvavI sAdhAraNa vAta nathI. ane A zAstro dvArA bhinna bhinna jJAna prApta thAya che. TUMkamAM saMskRta bhASAnA sAhityamAM AdhyAtmika, Adhibhautika ane Adhidaivika jJAnane anupama bhaMDAra bharela che. saMskRta bhASA kevaLa lakhavA mATe ja upayogI hatI tema nathI, paraMtu bolacAlanI paNa bhASA hatI. A vAtanI sAbitI ApaNane maharSi yAskanA "nikta" nAmanA mahatvapUrNa granthathI maLe che. A granthamAM yA saMskRta bhASA tarIke varNavelI che ene vedika kudata zabdonI vyapatti lokavyavahAra dhAtuothI siddha karela che. udAharaNa rIte "zAMti no artha kAjamAM javA mATe thatuM hatuM, jyAre Aya "zava "ne artha maDadu karatA hatA. AthI raspaSTa thAya che ke yAskanA samayamAM (AjathI 2700 varSa pUrve) saMskRta bhASA bolacAlanI bhASA hatI. pANini munIe paNa pitAnA vyAkaraNanA sUtromAM namaskAra karavA mATe ane dUrathI bolAvavA mATe Taluta svarano prayoga karyo che. A uparAMta vyavahArika daMDAdaDI, kezAkazI vigere zabdano prayoga karela che. AthI pANininA samayamAM saMskRta bhASA belacAlanI bhASA hatI tema siddha thAya che. pANini yAskathI baso varSa bAda thayA. pANini pachI kAtyAyana ane pataMjalInA samayamAM saMskRta bhASAmAM navA navA zabdone prayoga thayela jovA maLe che jevI rIte pANinie "yavasAni " zabdano prayoga yavananI strI karela che jyAre kAtyAyane tene artha yavananI bhASA karela che. A uparAMta pataMjalInA mahA bhASyamAM eka suMdara saMvAda jovA maLe che. ratha calAvanArane vyAkaraNa zAstrIe pUchayuM ke A rathano "pratA" keNu che tyAre sArathIe kahyuM ke bhagavana, A rathano "prAchatA" huM chuM. A uttara sAMbhaLIne vyAkaraNa zAstrAe azuddha zabda batAvyuM tyAre sArathIe javAba Apyo ke zAstrIjI, Apa kevaLa sUtrane jANo cho prayogane jANatAM nathI. A vArtAlApathI siddha thAya che ke sArathI sudhI saMskRta bhASA belacAlanI bhASA tarIke pahoMcI gaI hatI. dhArA nareza rAjA bhojanA samayanI te bInI vAta ApaNe kadI bhUlI zakIe tema nathI ke jeNe pitAne paricaya saMskRtamAM Apyo hato. A rIte saMskRta bhASAnuM mahatva kevaLa bhAratIya saMskRtinA pracAra pUratuM ja nathI paraMtu bhAratIyanuM jIvana ja saMskRtamaya che A kAraNathI bhinna bhinna pradezomAM sAMskArika ekatA TakI zakI che ane Ane yaza saMskRta bhASAnA phALe jAya che tema kahevuM atizayokti bharyuM nathI.

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prakaraNe bIjuM veda vida bhAratIya dharmanuM sarvasva che. te maharSio dvArA anubhava karAyela tane sAkSAta pratipAdaka che. vedanA anukULa siddhA tene batAvanAra smRti ane purANaprantha vigere bhAratIya saMskRtine mAnya che. vedanA mukhya be bhAga che. maMtra ane brAhmaNa maMtronA samUhane saMhitA kahe che. brAhmaNa granthamAM yajJa-yAgAdInuM vistRta varNana che. brAhmaNa pratyenA traNa vibhAga che. brAhmaNa, AraNyaka ane upaniSad A badhAne bati tarIke ApaNe oLakhIe chIe. saMhitA maMtronI saMhitAo cAra che. veda, yajurveda, sAmaveda ane atharvaveda A saMhitAonuM saMkalana maharSi vedavyAse karela che. A cAreya saMhitAomAM seMhitA atIva prAcIna che. A vedamAM dasa vibhAga che. te "maMDala" zabdathI oLakhAya che. AmAM 1028 sukata che. A sUkata vaDe Izvara vibhUtinI stutIo karAyela che. je stutio dvArA sRSTinuM rahasya prakAzita thayela che. A vedamAM 53 cheda, 295 RSie ane 79 stutya devanA nAme maLe che, ane maMtranI saMkhyA lagabhaga 11 hajAranI che. yajurveda: matsya ane kUrma purANanA anusAra tretAyugamAM yajurveda eka ja hate. hAlamAM yajurvedanA be prakAra jovA maLe che. zukala ane kRSNa yajurvedazukala yajurvedanI 15 zAkhAo che. jevI ke kArva, bhAdaryAdini, jAbAla, pArAzarIya, gAlava vigere. vAsajaya zukala saMhitAmAM 1990 maMtro che. 40 adhyAya che. zukalarvedanI badhI zAkhAomAMthI be mukhya zAkhAo che, eka mAdayandini zAkhA ane kAju zAkhA. sAmaveda : A vedamAM badhA mitro gAna yogya che. A saMhitAnI kauthuma, jaiminIya ane rANAyaNaya nAmanI traNa zAkhAo maLe che. prathama zAkhA gujarAtamAM, bIjIzAkhA dakSiNamAM ane trIjI zAkhA karNakaTamAM pracalita che. sAmavedamAM pUrvAcika tathA uttarAciMka nAmanA be vibhAge che. pUrvAcikamAM cha prapAThaka ane pa85 cAo che jyAre utarAcikamAM navA prapAThake ane 1225 acAo che. sAmavedanA 13 AcAryo thaI gayA che. atharvaveda: atharvavedanI 9 zAkhAo che. A vedamAM 20 kaDe che. ane 38 prapAThake ane 760 sukata che. ma nI saMkhyA cha hajAranI che. vedanuM pUraka sAhitya Rgye: RgsAhityamAM be brAhmaNa grantha che. eraya ane zaMkhAyana. eteya brAhmaNamAM 40 adhyAye che ane ATha paMjIkAo che. zaMkhAyanamAM trIza adhyA che. A banne brAhmaNa

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granthomAM ghaNA AkhyAne che. sAhityamAM AraNyaka grantha ghaNuM che. A granthamAM brahmavidyAnA adhyayana dvArA paramAtmAnI carcAmAM RSione janakalyANamaya vicAro anupama saMgraha che. aitareya AraNyakanA pAMca grantha che. RgsAhityamAM zrautasUtra che, karmakAnDanA viSayanA sUtrone zrautasatra kahevAmAM Ave che. avedanA zrotasUtromAM AzlAyana ane zAMkhAyana be grantha che. pahelAM prasthamAM bAra adhyAyo che ane bIjA granthamAM 48 adhyAyo che, A sAhityamAM zaunakamuni viracita prAti zAkhya paNa che, A granthanA traNa kAMDa che. yajurvedapUraka sAhitya : kRSNa yajurvedanI 12 zAkhAo hatI tyArabAda sAta thaI. A vedamAM sAta kAnDa che zukalayajurveda saMhitAnA brAhmaNa graMthamAM zatapatha brAhmaNagraMtha prasiddha che. mAdhyandini zAkhAnA zatapathamAM 14 kAMDe che. 100 apAye ane 68 prapAThake. che. kAvazAkhIya zatapathamAM 17 kAMDa che. sAmaveda puraka sAhityamAM Arthika grantha vividha zAkhAmAM vibhakata thayela che. je ke sAmaveda "sahastravatma" hajAra zAkhAovALo kahevAya che tathApi hAlamAM 13 zAkhAo upalabdha che, sAmavedanA brAhmaNa granthamAM "tADayama' mahA brAhmaNa nAmano graMtha prasiddha che. atharvaveda puraka sAhitya-atharvavedanA brAhmaNa prathAmAM patha brAhmaNa" suprasiddha che. anya vedanA karatAM atharvavedanA upaniSade ghaNuM che, muktika upaniSadamAM 97 upaniSada atharvavedanA gaNavAmAM AvyA che. upaveda vedomAMthI upavedanI racanA thayela che. (1) dane Ayurveda, yajurvedane dhanurveda, sAmaveda gAMdharvaveda ane atharvavedano arthazAstra upaveda kahela che, A cAreya upaveda viziSTha zAnavALA che. AjIvikAnuM jJAna arthazAstramAM, zastrAstronuM jJAna dhanurvedamAM, mokSasAdhaka sagitanuM jJAna gAdharva vedamAM ane zArIrika svAstha saMpattinuM jJAna AyurvedamAM che. upaniSada upaniSad zabda upani upasarga pUrvaka sadhAtuthI banele che, saddadha tune traNa athe che. nAzathavuM, prApta karavuM ane zithila karavuM. A upaniSadonA adhyayanathI mumukSu prANionI avidyA nAza thAya che, brahma prApti thAya che ane saMsAranA duHkho nAza thaI jAya che. AthI upaniSad zabda sArthaka che. vaidika sAhityamAM upaniSadonuM sthAna chevaTe Ave che tethI tene vedAnta paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. upaniSonI saMkhyA 108 ATha che. paraMtu 11

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upaniSado upara vedAntanA prasiddha AcArya ziromaNI bhASya lakhela che. te A che-Iza, kena, kaTha, prazna, muMDaka, mAMDukya, taitirIya, etareya, chAndogya, bRhadAraNya ane zvetAzvatara. A baghAM upaniSadomAM AtmajJAna che. gadya ane padyamAM racAyelAM che. upaniSad vizva sAhityanuM vizeSa aMga che. upaniSad bhAratIya saMskRti ne batAvanAruM mahatvanuM aMga che. AnA dvArA bhAratIya RSioe te jamAnAmAM paNa potAnI buddhinA carama vikAsane batAvela che. pleTo temaja anya pazcimAtya vidvAne paNa mAne che ke upaniSado AMtarika zakti ane bAhika zAntinuM parama sAdhana che. adhyAtmavettA RSioe satata parivartanazIla jagatanA mULamAM rahela zAzvatatatvane jodhI kADhayuM che jenuM nAma "brahma" che. jIvAtmA tathA paramAtmAnuM jJAna karAvavuM te upaniSadone mukhya siddhAnta che. aneka AkhyAno paNa upaniSadamAM che. bhASAonuM mULa-bhASAzAstrIoe siddha karyuM che ke sarva prathama Arya bhASA ane semeTika bhASA ema be bhASAo hatI AryabhaSAnA be bheda che. pazcimI ane pUva. pazcimI bhASA eTale prika, leTIna, phreMca, iMglIza vigere. pUrvanA be phATA paDe che. IrAnI ane bhAratI. bhAratIya bhASAnuM mULa saMskRta che. saMskRtamAMthI prAkRta, apabhraMza, mAgadhI, zausenI, gujarAtI, marAThI, baMgALI, vigere nikaLela che. TUMkamAM amuka bhASAone bAda karatA bhAratamAM belAtI badhI bhASAo saMskRtamAMthI ja nikaLI che tema bhASAzAstrIone mata che. vedAMga sAhitya brAhmaNa kALa pachI sUtrakALa zarU thAya che. sUtrakALa eTale alpa zabdo dvArA vipula arthonuM jJAna. yajJayAganA adhika vistArathI nAnA granthanI mAMga ubhI thaI. A nUtana prathA vedanA artha tathA viSayane samajAvavA mATe nitAna upayogI thayA. tethI tene vedAMga kahevAmAM Ave che. zikSA, kapa, vyAkaraNa, nirakta, chaMda ane pautiSa. A aMgomAM vyAkaraNa vedonuM mukha, yautiSa netra, nirukata nAsikA ane chanda banne pAde kahevAya che. 1, zikSA-AnAthI vedanA uccAraNanuM sArI rIte jJAna thAya che. vedomAM svaranuM ati mahatva che svaranI najIvI bhUla thavAthI mahAna anartha thaI jAya che, pratyeka vadanI alaga zikSAo che, A uparAMta pANini muninI zikSA paNa pracalita che. 2. kalpa-kalpasUtra be prakAranA che. zrauta tathA smArta smA satranA be bhAga che. gRhastha ane dhama satra zrautasatromAM bhAratIya yajJa paddhatInuM mULa svarUpa tathA paryApta sAmagrI che, ane gRhastha sUtramAM anuSThAna, AcAra tathA yajJanuM varNana che. vizeSa karIne A sUtromAM soLa saMskAranuM anupama varNana che. dharmasUtramAM cAreya AzramanuM ane cAreya varNonuM vistRta varNana karavAmAM Avela che. smRtione janma A sutro uparathI ja thAya che.

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8. 3. vyAkaraNa-vyAkaraNano udezyavaidanA arthanAjJAna mATe tathA vedanA arthanI rakSA karavA mATe mukhya che. bhASAniyama pradarzana ja vyAkaraNanuM mukhya kArya che. sarvadAgamAM vyAkaraNanuM sthAna mukhya che. tethI kahevAya che ke vyAkaraNanA jJAna vinA mAnava aMdha je che. sarva prathama vyAkaraNanA racayitA brahyA che. bIjA bRhaspati che. tyArabA daI vyAkaraNanI racanA karI che. IndranA vyAkaraNamAM 5000 sUtro che. A vyAkaraNanI racanA vikrama saMvatathI 85000 varSa pUrve thayela manAya che. pANini muni pahelAM aneka vyAkaraNanA AcAryo thaI gayA che. dAkhalA tarIke-ApizalI, kAzyapa, gArgyu, bhAradvAja, zAkaTAyana, zAkalya, ane pheTIyana. pratizAkhya graMthamAM pa7 AcAryone ulalekha che. hAlamAM pANinIya vyAkaraNa prasiddha che. A vyAkaraNa "aSTAdhyAyI" nAmathI prasiddha che. A graMthamAM ATha adhyA che. dareka adhyAyamAM cAra pAdo AvelA che. A granthamAM kula 3996 satra che. pANini munine samaya I. sa. pUrve sAtamA zatakamAM nizcita thayela che. temane janma lAhoramAM thayo hato. ja nirukata-vedonA zabda ane arthanI prApti mATe nirukta ja pramANa grantha che. Aje kevaLa eka ja nirukata prApti thAya che ane tenA racayitA maharSi yAska che. ani prAcinakALathI nighaMTu gAmane grantha prasiddha che. A granthamAM vedonA kaThina zabdonI kramabaddha sUcI che. A grantha uparathI. yAske vistRta bhASya banAvyuM che, jene ApaNe nirukata kahIe chIe. yAska munine samaya I. sa. pUrve 700 varSathI prAcIna manAya che. 5 cheda-chaMda zAstranA jJAna vinA vedamaMtrane sArI rIte uccAra thaI zake tema nathI, kAraNake vedanA maMtra chandobaddha che. bhASAmAM lAlitya lAvavAnuM mukhya kArya chaMdanuM che. chaMdobaddha maMtranA zravaNathI manamAM niratizaya AnaMdane anubhava thAya che. zaunaka viracita *prAti zAkhanA aMtamAM cha denuM paryApta vivecana che, paraMtu vedAMgane chaMdazAstrane svataMtra graMtha "piMgaLa " che je piMgala AcAye banAvela che. A graMthamAM vaidika tathA lekika denuM jJAna ApavAmAM Avela che. piMgalAcAryo 16 177ra15 IdanuM vivaraNa karela che. paraMtu hAlamAM mukhya 50 chadone upayoga jovA maLe che. 6 tiSa-vedanA aMgomAM A aMganuM ThIka mahatva che. vaidika gatiSa ane laukika jyotiSa A pramANe be bhAga che. vaidika yautiSanA prAcIna graMthe aneka che. temAM "lagadhane graMtha prasiddha che. bhAratIya tiSa zAstranI gaNatrIthI jagatanI utpattine vikrama saMvata 2010nI sAlamAM 1955 8035 varSo thAya che. varAhamihire lakhela "bahatsaMhitA" nAmane grantha atyAre jovA maLe che. laukika jyotiSa siddhAnta ane phalitathI be bhAgamAM vaheMcAyela che. jemAM bhUgoLa, khaLa

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vigerenuM vistRta varNana che. te siddhAnta tiSane nAme prasiddha che. janma samaye sthAna vizeSamAM te te grahanI sthiti anusAra phaLane batAvanAra phalita tiSanA nAme oLakhAya che. phalita jyotiSanA jAtaka, tAjIka, mUharta prazna ane saMhitA Ama pAMca bhede che. prakaraNa trIjuM purANe vedomAM pratipAdita viSayanuM sarva sulabha rUpa ApavA mATe vistArathI ane atizayokti alaMkArapUrNa vANIthI purANonuM nirmANa parama kRpAlu bhagavAna vyAsa munie karela che. purANono viSaya sRSTi nirUpaNa, vistAra, laya, punaHsRSTi, vaMzAvali brahmA atirikata viSNu, brahmA, zaMkara, sUrya, gaNapati, zakti ane grevIsa avatAronuM lilA varNana paramAtmAnA saguNarUpanI upAsanAono pracAra, bhinnabhinna bahAnAthI sRSTithI AraMbhIne mAnava vikAsanuM varNana karavuM, te aDhAreya purANe tathA upapurANInuM mukhya laya che. aDhAra purANanA nAme-brahma, padma, viSNu, ziva, bhAgavata, nArada, mArkaMDeya, agni, bhaviSya, brahmavaivarta, liga, varAha, skaMda, vAmana, kUrma, matsya, garuDa ane brahmAMDa che. A uparAMta sanatakumAra, narasiMha, nAndi, zidharma, durvAsA, nAradIya, kapila, mAnava, uzanasa, brahmAMDa, varUNa, kAlikA, vasiSa, liga, mahezvara, sAbu, saura, pArAzara, mArIca ane bhArgava nAmanA 20 upapurANo che. aDhAreya purANamAM mukhya kathA vastunuM nirUpaNa A pramANe che. 1. brahma purANa-A purANamAM 245 adhyA ane 14 hajAra glaeNke che. AmAM sUrya ane caMdravaMzanuM varNana, pArvati tathA mArkaDeyaRSinuM AkhyAna bhinna bhinna tIrthonuM varNana ane sAMkhyayoganI samIkSA karavAmAM Avela che. A purANa saSTi, bhUmi, pAtAla ane uttara ema pAMca khaMDomAM vaheMcAyela che. 2. viSNu purANa-A purANa dArzanika mahatvanI dRSTithI bhAgavata purANathI bIje naMbare Ave che. A purANa vaiSNavadharmanuM mULa AlaMbana che. AmAM cha prakaraNe tathA 126 apAyo che. AmAM sRSTavarNana, dhava ane prahalAda caritra, cAreya AthamenuM kartavya, yadu, turvasu, puru, anu ane kuNu A pAMca prasiddha kSatriya vaMzonuM varNana che. A uparAMta bhagavAna zrI kRSNanuM alaukika varNana karela che. 3. vAyu purANa-A purANa ghaNuM prAcIna che. kAmbarInA kartA bANa bhade A pusaNano "purANa vAyu pralapitama " kahI ullekha karela che. AmAM 112 ayA che. A purANanA

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cAra khaMDe che jene pAda kahevAmAM Ave che. AmAM sRSTi bhUgoLa tathA khagoLanuM ane pazupata yuganuM vistRta varNana karela che. 4. zrImad bhAgavata-A purANa saMskRta sAhityanuM anupama ratna che. A purANa bhakti rasane khajAno che. nigama kalpatarUnuM galita amRta phaLa che. vaiSNava AcAryoe prasthAna trayInI mAphaka A granthane upavya mAnela che. A purANane prabhAva vallabha tathA caitanya saMpradAya upara vizeSa che. AmAM dareka prakAranI bhaktinA udAharaNa sAthe covIseya avatAronI lilAnuM varNana ApavAmAM Avela che. vizeSa karIne zrI kRSNa bhagavAnanI anupama lilAnuM savistara varNana hovAthI A purANa janatAmAM vadhu priya thaI gayuM che. 5. nArada purANa-A purANa pUrva tathA uttara bhAgathI vaheMcAyela che pUrvabhAgamAM 125 adhyA che, tathA uttara bhAgamAM 82 adhyA che. A purANamAM zrAddha ane prAyazriddhatAdinuM vivaraNa ApyA bAda vyAkaraNa, nirukta vigere vedAMtanuM varNana karela che. viSNubhakta rukamAM gadanuM AkhyAna savistara Apela che. A purANanI vizeSatA e che ke aDhAra purANonA viSayenI vistRta anukramaNikA Apela che. 6. mArkaMDeya purANa-A purANanA racayitA mArkaDeya RSi che, AmAM 138 adhyAya che. A adhyAyamAM brahmavAdinI madAlasAnuM pavitra jIvanacaritra paNa Apela che. AgranthamAMthIja " durgAsaptazani " nI racanA thayela che. je caMDIpATha nAme prasiddha che. 7. agni purANa-A purANu samasta bhAratIya vidyAono bhaMDAra che. AmAM 383 apyA che. avatAronI kathAo saMkSepamAM batAvI rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhAratanuM vistAra sAthe varNana karela che. advaita vedAntanA siddhAntane sAra temaja gItAne sAra paNa Apela che 8 bhaviSya purANa-A purANa pAMca parvemAM vaheMcAyela che. brAhma, viSNu, ziva, sUrya tathA pratisarga. bhaviSyamAM thanArI vAtenA ullekha sAthe A purANuMthI kaliyuganA vibhinna etihAsika rAjavaMzano itihAsa paNa jANavA maLe che. 9 brahmavaivarta purANa-A purANanA cAra khaMDa che. brahma, prakRti, gaNeza tathA kRSNa janma. mahAkavi bhAse bAlacaritanuM vastu A purANathI che. tethI A purANanI racanA trIjA zataka pahelAM thaI gaI haze. A purANamAM zrI kRSNadvArA sRSTinuM varNana karavAmAM Avela che. A uparAMta Ayurveda, prakRtinuM varNana ane sAvitrI tathA tulasI janma ane gaNapatinA janmanuM varNana karavAmAM Avela che. vaiSNave A purANane vizeSa mAne che. - 10, liMga purANa-A purANamAM bhagavAna zaMkaranI liga rUpathI upAsanA karavI tenuM

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vizeSa jJAna ApavAmAM Avela che. AnA ekase tesaTha adhyA che. zaMkaranA aThayAvIza avatAranuM jJAna A pusaNathI jANavA maLe che. 11, varAha purANa-varAha avatAranI vAtane dhyAnamAM rAkhI A purANanI racanA karavAmAM AvI che. A purANamAM baso aDhAra adhyAya che. viSNu saMbadhI vAtonuM vistRta varNana karavAmAM Avela che. A uparAMta mathurA mahAbhya ane naciketepAkhyAna savistara varNavela che. 1. skaMda purANa-svAmI kAtika zivatatvanuM nirUpaNa A purANamAM karela che. A purANa badhA purANathI moTuM che. tenuM kada bhAgavatathI AThagaNuM che. A purANanI cha saMhitAo che. A purANamAM sanakumAra saMhitA bleka saMkhyA 36000, suta saMhitA zloka saMkhyA 6000, zaMkara saMhitA laeNka saMkhyA 30000, vaiSNava saMhitA glaeNka saMkhyA 5000, brAhmaNa saMhitA leka 3000 ane saura saMhitA 1000 le che. A purANanI nIcenA khaMDamAMthI vaheMcI Apela che. mAhezvara khaMDa, vaiSNava khaMDa, brahma khaMDa, kAzI khaMDa, revA khaMDa, tApI khaMDa, ane prabhAsa khaMDaA purANamAM zivamahimA, haThayoganI prakriyAonuM sAMgopAMga varNana, muktine upAya tathA AdhyAtmika vivecana karela che. A uparAMta ziva-pArvatInuM, varNana, jagannAthapurIne prAcIna itihAsa, A ujjayinI mahAkAlanI pUjA tathA pratiSThAnuM vidhAna, kAzInuM tathA narmadA kinAre AvelA tIrthonuM varNana, vizvakarmA upAkhyAna ane hATakezvara mahAdevanuM mahAbhya A purANamAM varNavela che. AjanI satyanArAyaNanI kathA A purANane AdhAre lakhAyela che. 13. vAmana purANa-A purANamAM vAmana avatAranuM vizada varNana che. AnA 95 adhyAyo che. AmAM viSNunA bhinnabhinna avatAranuM savistara varNana che. 14. kUrma purANa-A purANanI cAra saMhitAo che, brAhmI, bhAgavatI, saurI, ane vaiSNavI. viSNu bhagavAne kurmane avatAra laI indradhumra rAjAne A purANune upadeza Apyo hatuM. A purANanA ziva mukhya devatA che. AmAM 44 adhyAyo che. A adhyAyamAM sRSTinuM varNana, pArvatI tapazcaryA tathA kAzI tathA prayAga mahAtma vigere che. 15, matsya purANa-A purANamAM 291 adhyAya che. bhavaMtaranA varNana bAda pitA tathA semavaMzanuM varNana karela che. AmAMyayAticaritra, tripurAsura-zaMkara yuddha, tADakAsurano vadha ane masyAvatAranuM varNana vigatavAra che. A purANanI vizeSatA e che ke A purANanA panamA adhyAyamAM samasta purANanI viSayAnukramaNikA Apela che. 16, garUDa purANa-A purANa 287 apAye thI yukta che ane be khaMDamAM vaheMcAyeluM

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che. AmAM viSNu bhagavAne garuDane vizvanI sRSTi batAvI che ane aneka vidyAonuM varNana karela che. A purANano uttara khaMDa preta kalpa kahevAya che. jenA 54 adhyAyo che. mRtyu bAda manuSyanI kevI gati thAya che. kaI yonimAM janma le che, kevA prakAranA duHkho bhogave che. vigerenuM vizada varNana karela che. A uparAMta garbhAvasthA, naraka, yamapurIne mArga, pretagaNanuM nivAsasthAna, pretalakSaNa ane pretanIthI mukti tathA pretanuM svarUpa vagere varNavela che. A purANa zrAddhanA samaye vaMcAya che. jenAthI sadgati maLe che, ema manAya che. 17. brahmAMDa purANa-A purANamAM samasta brahmAMDanuM varNana karavAmAM Avela che A varNanamAM bhULa, khagoLa, parvata, nadIo tathA praha nakSatronuM ane prasiddha kSatriyavaronuM varNana karavAmAM Avela che. 18, ziva purANa-A purANanI sAta saMhitAo che. vidhezvara saMhitAmAM 25 adhyAya dra saMhitAmAM 197 adhyAya, zatarudra saMhitAmAM 42, kATIsaddha saMhatAmAM 43, umA saMhitAmAM 51, kailAsa saMhitAmAM 23, vAyavIya saMhitAmAM 76 adhyAyo che. atyAre ziva purANumAM 24000 zloka maLe che. A purANa zivamatAvalaMbIone ujavya graMtha che. fhd prakaraNa cothuM kAvyo ane nATake kAvyanA be bheda che. dazya kAvya ane zravya kAvya, dazya kAvya eTale rUpaka athavA nATaka, zravya kAvya eTale rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, raghuvaMza vigere. zravya kAvyanA be bheda che. rUpAtmaka ane varUvAtmaka. rUpAtmakanA traNa prakAra che, gadya kAvya, padya kAvya ane caMpu kAvya. A uparAMta mahA kAvya, khaMDa kAvya ane muktaka kAvya nAmanA traNa avAntara bhede che. saMskRtamAM prathama vAlmIki rAmAyaNa mahA kAvya che, tyAra bAda maharSi vyAsa racita mahAbhArata, tyAra bAda laukika mahA kAvyo pANinInuM jAmbuvatI vijaya, raghuvaMza vigere. rAmAyaNa-saMskRta sAhityamAM maharSi vAlmIkine Adi kavi gaNavAmAM Ave che ane temanuM kAvya AdikAvya gaNAya che. kaucakSi mATe vilApa karatI kaucIne karUNa zabdathI vAlmIka munie ekAeka lauki saMskRtamAM anuTupa chaMdanI racanA karI. A kAvyamAM 24 hajAra zleka che. rAmAyaNanI racanA buddhanA janma pahelAM thayela che tema rAmAyaNanI vastuthI jaNAya che. bhAratIya gRhastha jIvananuM vistRta citraNa karavuM te rAmAyaNane mukhya

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udeza che. rAmAyaNa bhAratIya sabhyatAnuM pratika che. rAmacaMdra maryAdA purUSottama che ane janakanandinI satA bhAratIya pativratAnI sAkSAta pratinidhi che. rAmarAjyanI kalpanAnuM jJAna vAlmIkie ApyuM che. rAmAyaNanI bhASA, bhAva, sarasatA tathA manaharatA bhAratIya saMskRta sAhitya maMdiranA kalaza sthAne che. rAmAyaNamAM karUNa rasa mukhya che. alaMkAranI yogya chaTAthI paMDita hRdaya mohita banI jAya che. rAmAyaNamAM 7 kAMDa che. bAlakAMDamAM-77 sarga, ayodhyA kAMDamAM 119 sargo, AraNya kAMDamAM 179 sargo, kiSkidhA kAMDamAM 67 sargo, suMdara kAMDamAM 68 sargo, laMkA kAMDamAM 130 sargo ane uttara kAMDamAM 124 sargo che. Adikavi ApaNuM kavione upajavya che. jemanA kAvyathI alidAsa tathA bhavabhUti vigere kavione smRti tathA preraNuM prApta thaI che, ane bhaviSyamAM paNa kavione-nATakakArane lekhakone ane sajajanone skUkti maLaze te niHzaMka vAta che.' mahAbhArata-vAlmIka muni pachI maharSi vyAsa ApaNA mahAna kavi che. AryajAtinuM bhAratIya sabhyatAnuM ane hindu dharmanuM vArvika citraNa ane atihAsika satya nirUpaNa jevuM mahAbhAratamAM jovA maLe che tevuM anya granthomAM jovA maLatuM nathI. hajAro varSathI A granthanA zAnti parvanuM adhyayana sarve bhAratIya jananuM kalyANa kare che. bhAratIya sAhityano anupama grantha zrImaddabhagavadagItA A granthamAMthI ja racAyela che. A grantha bhAratIya adhyAtma ane nIti jJAnane vipulakAya vizvakoSa che. bhAratIya saMskRti tathA sabhyatA mATe A granthanuM adhyayana ane manana karI AcaravuM ghaNuM gya che. Aje mahAbhAratamAM eka lAkha leka maLe che, paraMtu A rUpa tene aneka zatAbdIo bAda prApta thayuM che. A granthanA traNa rUpe thayAM che. paheluM rUpa " jaya" bIjuM rUpa "bhArata " ane trIjuM rUpa AjanuM mahAbhArata. mahAbhAratamAM 18 pave che. Adi, sabhA, vana, virATa, udyoga, bhiSma, droNa, karNa zalya, sauktika, strI, zAMti, anuzAsana, azvamegha, AzramavAsI, mauzala, mahAprasthAnika ane svargArohaNa. mahAbhAratanuM lakSya sa sAranI asAratA batAvI dharmanuM AcaraNa karI mekSa prApti karAvavAnuM che. mULa mahAbhAratamAM 24000 zleke hatA. kavi kulaguru kAlidAsa-kAlidAsanA nAmathI paNa saMskRta ajANa hoI zake? teo sarasvatInI ujavaLa mALAnA merU hatA. temanI kavitAmAM svAbhAvikatA, sarasatA tathA AdhyAtmiktAnuM apUrva milana che. AthI ja kAlidAsa bhAratIya kavi ja nahi paraMtu vizvanA agragaNya kaviomAMnA eka banI gayA che. kAlidAsanA samaya mATe ghaNuM matabhedo hevA chatAM teo samrATa vikramAdityanA sabhA paMDita hovAthI I. sa. pUrve prathama zatakamAM thayA tema sarva mAnatA thayA che. temanuM nivAsasthAna lagabhaga urjuna AsapAsa hatu tema

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14 temanA granthA uparathI anumAna thAya che. teoe aneka granthAnI racanA karI manAya che, temAMnA mukhya canthA A pramANe che. 1. Rtu sahAra--kavi kAlidAse satra prathama A kAvyanI racanA karI manAya che. A kAvyamAM chaye RtuonuM alaukika chaTAthI vana karyuM che. AnAthI temanI prakRti priyatAnu AchuM darzana thAya che. 2. kumAra sa'bhava--A grantha kumAra kAti kraya svAmIne anulakSIne lakhAyela che. A granthanA 18 sargo che. prathama ATha ja sarvAM kAlidAsanA che ane bAkInA prakSipta che. eve eka mata che. tenuM kANu te ema Ape che ke 1 thI 8 sa sudhI ja mallinAthanI TikA jovA maLe che, anya sargo upara nahi. A granthanuM kathA vastu-yAvatInA janma, zaMkarano trIjA netrathI kAmadevane nAza, rati vilApa, pArvatInI tapazcaryA, ziva-pArvatInA vivAha, kArtikeya svAmIne janma vigere che. A kAvyanI gaNutrI paMca mahAkAvyamAM che. 3. meghadUta--A eka prasiddha khaMDa kAvya che. A kAvya be vibhAgamAM vheMcAyela che. pUrva megha tathA uttara medha che. A khaMDa kAvyamAM bhArata varSoMnI suMdara kAvya kalpanA tathA medha sAthe virahI yakSanA alakAmAM rahela pAtAnI patnIne mekalAtA sadezAnI vAta che. phrAvyamAM mAnavajIvananI talasparzI aneka bhAvanAone ullekha karavAmAM AvyA che. A kAvyathI kavikulagurU kAlidAsanI kIrti vadhu ujajavaLa banI che. A . 4. raghuvaMza--A mahAkAvya dIlipa rAjAthI lai agnivaNu rAjA sudhInA vanathI yukata che. A kAvyanA 19 saryAM che. sarva prathama dIlipa rAjAnuM varNana, temanuM sapatnika vasiSThanA Azrama tarapha gamana, nandinI gAyatI sevA, radhu janma, digvijaya, ajanA janma, IndumatI svayaMvara, indumatInA maraNu bAda aja vilApa, rAmacaritra vigere kathAnaka che. raghurAjA tathA rAmanuM vizada vana che. aja vilApa ane rati vilApa sahRdaya pAThakane gaddagati kare tevA che. dIlipanI gAbhakti ati prazaMsanIya che. 1. mAlavikAgnI mitra--A nATaka pAMca akAnuM banela che. AmAM agnimitra tathA mAlavikAnI premakathA che. 2., vikramAvazIya--A - nATaka paNa pAMca akAnuM banela che, pururavA tathA urvazI vaccenI premalilAnu adbhUta varNana che. uzI zrApane laine apsarA khatI javAthI (vahI anelA pururavAnA vilApa prekSakAnuM dhyAna khece tevA che, ane virahAtura premI hRdayane to unmatta pazu banAvI zakavAnI zakti pururavAne vilApa dharAve che. A nATakanuM kathA vastu Rgveda tathA zatapatha brAhmaNu granthamAMthI levAmAM Avela che.

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15 3. abhijJAna zAkuntala-A nATaka saMskRta nATakamAM zreSTha sthAna dharAve che. jokekita che ke " kAvyabu nATakaM ramya tatra ramyA zakuntalA" A nATakanA sAta aMke che. duSyanta ane zakuntalAne premathI zarU thAya che ane sarvadamananI prAptithI nATaka samApta thAya che. A nATakano aMgrejImAM anuvAda sarva prathama sara viliyama jonse karyo hate-je anuvAda vAMcI jarmananA geTe kavi nAcI UThayA hatA, ane zaMkutalAnI prazaMsAmAM eka kavitA banAvI nAkhI hatI. Aje te zAkuMtala vizvanI sarva mukhya bhASAomAM anudita banI gayela che. A nATakano coro aMka vizeSa mahatva rAkhe che. kAraNa ke kaNva RSie A aMkathI bhAratIya saMskRtino vizada khyAla gRhasthAzramIone zakuntalAdvArA Apela che. kavi kAlidAse gAMdharva vivAhathI thatI muzkelIne asarakAraka ullekha karI ApaNuM dhyAna doryuM che ane A vAtane Adhunika yugamAM vedanA akSara barAbara mAnIe te te anucita nathI. azvaghoSa-azvaSa mahArAjA kaniSkanA samayamAM eka bauddha AcArya thayA. teo ayodhyAnA brAhmaNa hatA. tyAra bAda buddha dharmathI AkarSAI temaNe pUrNayaza nAmanA buddha bhikSu pAse dIkSA lIdhI hatI. temanI mAtAnuM nAma suvarNAkSI hatuM. mahArAjA kaniSkanA samayamAM bauddha sabhA bharAI hatI. te sabhAnA A kavi adhayakSa hatA. temanA vyAkhyAno madhura, ronaka ane prabhAvazAlI hatA. je zabdo sAMbhaLIne haNahaNatA ghaDAo paNa baMdha thaI jatA ema kahevAya che, A kavinA buddhacaritra ane sauMdaranaMda nAmanA be kAvyapratye prApta thAya che. A uparAMta teoe sArI putra prakaraNa nAmanuM nATaka paNa lakhela che. bhAsa-Aje bhAsanA nAmathI tera nATaka prasiddha thayA che. jenuM pragaTa karavAnuM zreya mahA mahopAdhyAya zrI gaNapati zAstrIjIne che. bhAsa kavino samaya trIjI zatAbdi nakkI thayo che. bhAsanA nATako zreSTha ane atyaMta lokapriya hatAM. bANabhaTe bhAsanA nATakanI vistRta carcA karI che. rAjazekhare paNa bhAsanA nATakyakra ullekha karyo che. temanA nATakanA nAma A pramANe che. (1) svanavAsavadattA (2) pratijJAyaugaMdharAyaNa (3) abhiSeka (4) pratimA (5) madhyama vyAyAga (6) dUta ghaTotkaca (7) karNa bhAra (8) paMca rAtra (9) ubhaMga (10) avimArka (11) daridra cArudatta (12) bAlacaritra. A nATake sarala, subegha ane bhajavavA gya che. A nATakanuM vastu svarUpa rAmAyaNamAMthI, mahAbhAratamAMthI ane udayana caritramAMthI levAyelA che amuka nATakane viSaya navina che. ( vizAkhAdatta-vizAkhAdattano samaya cothI zatAbdine che. emanA pitAmaha vatsarAja kaI dezanA sAmaMta hatA, ane temanA pitA bhAskara datta mahArAjanI padavI prApta karI hatI. vizAkhAdatta kauTilya arthazastra ane zukranItinA prakAMDa paMDita uparAMta darzana zAstranA mahAna

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16 vidvAn hatA. temAnA mudrArAkSa nATaka nAmano graMtha krUTa nItithI bharapUra che. A nATakamAM cANakaye rAkSasane kai rIte peAtAnI tarapha AkarSyA ane cadraguptamauyanA mukhya maMtrI banAvyo tenI vAta che. cANunuM hradaya ati kAmaLa hatu te pazu batAvela che. zuka-bhAratIya nATakAmAM temanuM mRcchakaTika nATaka amara nATaka che. A nATakramAM nina tacA dhanADhaya cAdatta ane gusapanna vezyA vasatasenAnI praNaya krathA che. samAjanuM citraNa karanArA saMskRta rUpAmAM A graMthasa zreSTha che. kAraNa ke-dhaNA kharA saMskRta nATakAmAM rAjadarakhArInuM citra jovA maLe che. jyAre ahIMyA sAmAnya janatAnA nIcalA tharanA hRdayanuM caritra citraNa paNa jovA maLe che A kavine khIjo graMtha padmapAkRtaka che. A kavitA samaya paNa pAMcamI zatAbdi mAnavAmAM Ave che. bhAravI- kravi dakSiNa bhAratanA nivAsI hatA. ane dakSiNanA cANukayavaMzI nareza viSNuvardhananA sabhA paMDita hatA. A kavinu eka ja mahAkAvya kirAtAjInIya che. A mahAkAvyamAM 18 argo che. A kAvyanI vastu mahAbhAratamAMthI levAmAM Avela che. indrakIla nAmanA parvata upara astra prAptine mATe tapa karatA arjunanI kirAta vezadhArI zakaranuM yuddha meja A mahAkAvyanuM mukhya kathAnaka che A kAvyanI viziSTatA e che. A sA pahelA kSeAka zrI zabdathI zarU thAya che. ane dareka sa`nA aMtima kSeAka lakSmI dathI pUrA thAya che. a5 zabdothI vipulA batAvavAnI zita mahAkavi mAgha ane ravI sivAya khIje ThekANe jovA maLatI nathI. eTalA mATe leAkeAti che ke, " bhAravera gaurava bhAvI kavinA samaya isa. 608 mAM tr gaNAya che. 99 havana-havana kevaLa rAjA ja na hatA. paraMtu sarasvatInA parama upAsaka hatA. sAtheAsAtha saMskRta paMDitAnA smAzraya dAtA. hatA. temanI sabhAnA bANubhaTTa, madhukarabhaTTa, tathA mAtaMga divAkara vigere sabhA paDitA hatA. varSAMte traNa prathAnI racanA karela manAya che. (1) ratnAvalI (2) priyadarzi`kA. (3) nAgAnanda, pahelA be prathA nATikA che, e saMskRta sAhityanI su Mdara kRtio che. A nATikAnA sabadha vatsarAja uddayana tathA vAsavadattAnI prema kathAonA che. trIjo graMtha nATaka che. A mATakamAM jImutavAhana dvArA garuDathI nAgAnu` rakSaNa thAya che. ane chevaTe potAnuM balidAna ApavA taiyAra thAya che. tenu rAcaka vana A kathAnaka bauddha jAtakamAMthI levAela che. A nATakanA upadeza parApakAra, hitacitana ane vizvanuM kapANu sAdhana che cInIyAtrA hyuenasaMga A samayamAM bhArata Avyo hato. tethI A vinA samaya chaThThI zatAbdinA siddha thAya che. bhaTTI--mahAkavi bhaTTI zAstra kAvyaracanA paddhatinA prathama pravaka hatA. temaNe kAvyanI

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17 sAthe kAvyAkaraNuzastranuM paNa pratipAdana karyuM che. temanA granthanuM mULa nAma rAvaNu vadha kAvya che paraMtu te kAvya mahAvi bhaTTInA nAmathI prasiddha che, A mahAkAvyamAM visa sarvAM che ane 3500 zlokA che. bhAvi bhaTTI vallabhIrAjya (saurASTra pradezanA )nA siddhasena rAjAnA sabhApaDita hatA. tethI temane samaya chaThThI zatAbdinA uttarAnA manAya che. mA--mahA kavi mAdha gujarAtanA rAjA valAtanA pradhAna matra suprabhadevanA pautra hatA ane temanA pitAzrInuM nAma dattaka hatuM, A mahAkavi mAdhavu zizupAla vadha nAmanuM mahAkAvya che, A kAvyamAM vIsa saryAM che. A mahAkAvyanu` kathAvastu yudhiSThiranA rAjastha yajJamAM zizupAla vadha e che. zleSa alaMkAra mATe mAdha kavi siddha hasta hatAM. te prakAMDa paMDita ane vaiSNava bhakta hatA. temanA mATe saMskRta samAjamAM nIcenI ukti prasiddha che. (1) tAvaddbA bhArave: bhAti yA mAghasyodaya: (2) mAdhe santi trayeAguNAH (3) nava sage+ gate mAdhe nava zabdo na vidyate. A kAvyanI gaNanA paMca kAvyamAM che. bhavabhUti -mahAkavi kAlidAsanI spardhA karavAnI zakti A bhavabhUti kavimAM hatI. bhavabhUtinAM nATakAmAM svayaM sarasvatI peAtAnA lalita lAsyathI prekSakAne AnaMda Ape che. A kavi vidarbha dezanA mahArASTrIyana brAhmaNa hatA. temanA pitAnuM nAma nIlaka ane mAtAnuM jaMtukaNI hatuM. temanuM peAtAnuM nAma zrIkaMTha hatu..paraMtu kavie dvArA temanuM viziSTa nAma bhavabhUti rAkhela hatuM. ane temanA nAmathI saMskRta jagatamAM te prasiddha thayA, te mimAMsAnA prasiddha AcArya kumArilanA ziSya hatA. ane rAnta yazeAvarmAnA sabhApaDita hatA, Ayo temanA samaya i. sa. sAtAnA manAya che. hAlamAM temanI traNa racanAo jovA maLe che, (1) mahAvIra caretra (2) mAlatI mAdhava (3) uttara rAmacaritra, A traNe nATakAmAM uttara rAmacaritra bhavabhUtinI nATaca pratibhAnu sarvottama udAharaNa che. A nATakamAM karUrasanI vizeSatA che, eTalA mATe kahevAya che ke, " uttare rAmacarita bhavabhUtiviziSyate." A nATakanA viSaya sItAnA vanavAsathI AraMbhIne rAma-sItAnuM punarmilana sudhIteA che. A nATaka sAta kAthI yukta che. bhaTTa nArAyaNa--bhaTTa nArAyaNa AThanI zatAbdinA prathama bhAgamAM thayela che. bhaTTa nArAyaNu pAMca kAnyakubja vaidika brAhmaNAmAMnA eka hatA. je brAhmaNane baMgALanA rAjA Adipure potAnA prAntamAM vaidika dharmanA pracAra mATe kAnyakubjathI khelAvyA hatA. bhaTTa nArAyaNanI eka ja racanA jovA maLe che, ane te che. veNIsaMhAra nATaka. A nATakanA cha aA che. mahAbhAratanA yuddhanuM pradarzana A nATakanA mukhya viSaya che, ane viSayanA anurUpa ja kavie gauDI rItInA Azraya lIdho che. bhAva tathA bhASAmAMnATaka Ate saphaLa thayela che. veNI, sa`hAra eTale

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veNInuM bAMdhavuM. kazAsane draupadInA keza beMgyA hatA, tyAra bAdadraupadIe pratijJA karI hatI ke, . jyAM sudhI kauravone nAza na thAya tyAM sudhI veNu bAMdhIza nahi. ati kauravonA nAzamAM bAkI rahela duyodhanane bhIme nAza karyo. ane lehIvALA hAthathI teNe draupadInI veNu bAMdhI. kSemendrakAzmIra dezanA dhanADhaya brAhmaNa kuLamAM utpanna thayelA mahAkavi kSemendra parama vaiSNava hatA. teoe aneka pratyenI racanA karI che. saMskRta bhASAmAM granthanI racanAmAM vyAsa pachI bIje naMbare A kavi Ave che. teo potAnI jAtane vyAsadAsa kahevaDAvatA hatA. temanA amuka grantha nIce pramANe che. (1) rAmAyaNa maMjarI, (2) bRhasthA maMjarI, (3) kathA vilAsa, (4) nItikalpataru, (5) samaya mAtRkA, vigere. teone samya agIAramI zatAbdine che. zrIharSazrIharSanA pitAnuM nAma hIra paMDIta hatuM tathA mAtAnuM nAma mAmaladevI hatuM. harSa kevaLa mahAkavi ja na hatA. paraMtu aneka zAstronA prakAMDa vidvAna hatA. temanA pitAzrI kAzInA rAjA vijayacaMdranA sabhA paMDita hatA. temane zAstrArtha prasiddha yAyika udayanAcArya sAthe thayuM hatuM. jemAM paMDita hArI gayA hatA. AthI hIre pitAnA mRtyu vakhate harSane bolAvI udayanAcAryane parAjIta karavAnuM vacana laI paMcatva pAmyA hatA. vacana pAlaka harSe bharasabhAmAM udayanAcAryane harAvyA hatA. harSa rAjA jayacaMdranA sabhA paMDita hatA. teoe aneka pustaka lakhyA che. temanA amuka pustaka nIce pramANe che, (3) dhairya vicAraNA A graMthamAM bauddhanA kSaNikavAdanuM nirAkaraNa karela che A dArzanika graMtha che. (2) vijaya prazasti, A graMtha aitihAsika che. (3) khaMDana khaMDakhAdya A graMtha vedAMtazAstrane anupama ratna graMtha paMDita sUcaka che. (4) naiSadhIya caritra, A mahA kAvya che. A graMthamAM naLa tathA damayaMtInI vAta Ave che. A graMthamAM rara sargo che ane 2830 zleke che. alaMkAranA suyogya upayogathI paMDita samAjamAM vadhu mAnya bane che. harSa vadarzana zAstranA prakAMDa paMDita hatA. ane kahevAya che ke atyAranuM naiSadhIya caritra saMskRta samAja samajI zake eTale anekavAra pote saraLa banAvela hatuM. tethI kahevAya che. "udita naiSadhe kAvya kavi mAghaH kavaca bhAravi " A uparAMta saMskRta sAhityamAM aneka nATakakAre ane aneka kavioe anupama graMtha nI racanA karelI che. tenI TUMka vigata nIce pramANe che. kumAradAsanuM (navama zataka) jAnakI haraNa kAvya, ratnAkaranuM (navama zataka) haravijaya kAvya zivasvAmInuM (navama zataka) kaphiphaNAdaya mahA kAvya, anaMgaharSanuM (aSTama zataka) tApasavatsarAja, maMkhakanuM (ekAdaza zataka) zrI kaMThacaritra, bihaNanuM ( dvAdaza zataka) vikramAMkadeva caritra) kalhaNanI (dvAdaza zataka) rAjataraMgiNI, padmagupta parimalanuM (dazama zataka) navasAha

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, sAMka caritra, murArInuM (aSTama zataka) anarAghava, rAjazekharanuM (navama cata) bAlarAmAyaNa tathA kAvya mimAMsA, jayadevanuM (caturdaza zataka) prasannarAghava, vAmana bhadanuM pArvati pariNaya, madanapAla sarasvatInI (tradaza zataka) pArijAta maMjarI, mathurAdAsatI vRSabhAnuja nATikA, dhanezvarasurInuM (SaSTha zataka) zatruMjaya mahAbhya, vIranaMdInuM (trayodaza zata) caMdraprala caritra, devavimala gaNInuM (saptadaza zataka) hirasaubhAgya ane hemacaMdrAcAryanuM kumArapAla caritra tathA kAvyAnuzAsananI racanA prasiddha che. - - prakaraNa pAMcamuM--(anya sAhitya) gadha sAhitya vaidika saMhitAomAM gadya sAhityanuM sarva prathama darzana thAya che. kRSNayajurvedanI taittirIya saMhitAmAM prAcInatama gadyane namune maLe che. AraNyake, brAhmaNa graMtha ane upaniSadomAM paNa gadyano prayoga vyApaka rUpathI thayela che. purANomAM paNa patrakutra gadya jovA maLe che. darzana graMthamAM yukita, tarkanA pragaTa mATe gadyano Azraya lIdhela che. zAstrIya gadya kartAomAM pataMjali, zabarasvAmI, zaMkarAcArya, ane jayanta bhaTTanA nAme ati prasiddha che. saMskRta gadyanI mAphaka pAlIgadya paNa vikasela che. jAtaka ane tripaTIka tenA udAharaNa che. have mukhya mukhya gadya granthono paricaya saMkSepamAM A pramANe che. (1) kavi subaMdhu- gadya kAvya lekhakemAM subaMdhu sarva prathama lekhaka che teoe vAsavadattAnI racanA karI che. kavivara bANabhade paNa vAsavadattAnI prazaMsA karela che. AthI subaMdhu sAtamI zatAbdimAM thaI gayA gaNAya che. subaMdhu kavi bhaleSAlaMkAramAM siddhahasta hatA. (2) bANa bhadra-gadya sAhityamAM bANa bhaTTanI khyAti sUrya samAna che. pratikUTa nagaranA rahevAsI citrabhAnunA putra mahAkavi bANa bhagavatI zAradAnA varada putra hatA, temAM koI paNa jAtane saMdeha nathI. teo rAjasabhAmAM harSavardhananA paMDita hatA. temanA pitAjInA mRtyu bAda samagra bhArata varSanuM paryaTana karyuM hatuM. bANa bhadanA be grI prApya che te che. (1) harSacarita ane (2) kAdambarI. (1) harSacarita. A graMtha ATha urachavAsothI yukta che. pahelA be uchavAsamAM kavie pitAno paricaya Apela che. A aitihAsika graMtha che. ane A graMthathI bANa bhaTTa lakhavAno prayAsa zarU karyo hate tema manAya che. (2) kAdaMbarI-kAdaMbarI be bhAgamAM vahecAyela che. pUrvArdha-bANa bhaTTe racela che. ane uttarArdha temanA mRtyu bAda temanA putra puliMda bhade banAvela che. A kAdaMbarI kharekhara saMskRta gadya sAhityamAM anupama che. bhASAnA bhAva

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ane zabdonA arthonI sAthe cogya samanvaya jovA maLe che. aneka prakAranA bhinna bhinna alaMkAre, ane suMdara padAvalithI kenuM mana haraNa nathI thatuM? caritracitraNa, prakRti nirIkSaNa vagere viSayamAM bANa Aje paNa badhAne upajIvIya lekhaka che. temane samaya harSavardhanane samaya eTale ke sAtamI zatAbdinA pUrvArdhane che. (3) daDI-daMDI kavi dakSiNa bhAratanA nivAsI hatA-te kaMcInA pAlava narezasiMha viSNunA rAjakavi hatA. AthI temano samaya sAtamI zatAbdine nizcita thAya che. teono dazakumAra caritra pramukha gadya graMtha che. dazakumAra caritramAM kautuka ane vismayakArI vRttAto rahelAM che. kathA bhAganI atyaMta sajIvatAthI pAThaka pustakane choDI zakato nathI. A pustakamAM aneka vidyAone prasaMgopAta ullekha karI daMDIe pitAnuM pAMDitya pUravAra karI ApyuM che. A graMtha atyaMta sarala ane subedha che. A uparAMta daMDIe avatisuMdarI kathA nAmanuM pustaka paNa lakhela che. A pustakamAM kavinI jIvanI viSe kaMIka prakAza nAkhela che. A uparAMta kavie sAhityazAstra kAvyAda nAmane anupama graMtha lakhela che. A uparAMta anya kavioe paNa gadyamAM ghaNuM lakhela che yathA-dhanapAla kavie tilakamaMjarI, seDhale udayasuMdarI) vAmana bhaTTa bANe premabhUpAla carita vigere lakhela che. caMpU kAvya-gadya ane padyamaya kAvyane capU nAmathI saMskRta sAhityamAM oLakhavAmAM Ave che. saMskRta sAhityamAM sarva prathama trivikrama bhaTTanuM nala capU jovA maLe che. AnI racanA navamI zatAbdimAM thayela manAya che. bhajI sabhaMgazleSanA kavi hatA, emanA samAna sabaMgaleSa lakhanAra saMskRta sAhityamAM khAsa keI nathI. A uparAMta bhojarAjanuM rAmAyaNa caMpa, vyaMkaTAkvarInuM vizvaguNAdarzana caMpa, anaMtakavinuM bhArata caMpU prasiddha che. stotra sAhitya-saMskRtamAM stotra sAhitya atyaMta vizALa che. bhakta kavio potAnA iSTadevane uddezIne pitAnI dInatA dayanIyatA ane kemalatA kemalakAttapadAvalIthI varNana kare che. te stotra sAhitya kahevAya che. ahIMyA amuka mukhya stotrone paricaya ApavA prayAsa karyo che. - 1 puSpadantAcArya-A AcAryanuM zivamahimna stotra ati prasiddha che. A stotra zikhariNi chandathI yukata che. kAvya mimAMsA granthamAM A staMtranA kAne udAharaNa tarIka prayoga karyo che tethI dazamI zatAbdinA pahelAM A AcArya thaI gayA manAya che. 2 mayura bhada-gala sAhityanA prathama paMktinA paMDita bANabhaTTanA sALA mayura bhaTTa

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'' sUrya zataka"nI racanA karela che. A stotra adhUrA chandamAM banela che. kahevAya che ke A zatakathI mayura bhaTTano ke maTI gayo hate. 3 Adya zaMkarAcArya-Adya zaMkarAcAryanI saundarya laharI ati prasiddha che. - 4 AcArya kalazekhara-A AcAryo "mukundamAlA" satranI racanA karI che. A tetramAM phakta 34 zloka che paraMtu vaiSNava stotromAM A laghukAya tetrane ati Adara che. 5 jagannAtha kavi-A kavi kAzInA tailaMga brAhmaNa hatA. AmanuM kavitva prakhara pAMDitya taka hatuM. paMDitajInA kAvyamAM naisargika pravAha, padanI yogya sthApanA ane kalpanAnI camatkAritA saMpUrNapaNe jovA maLe che. teo prasiddha sAhityika paNa hatA. temano "rasa gaMgAdhara" grantha antima sAhityazAstrano zreSTha grantha che. teoe pAMca laharIo lakhela che. karaNa, gaMgA, amRta, lakSmI ane sudhArI. A uparAMta aneka bhakta kavioe tenI racanA karI che jema ke-mahAkavi bANa bhaTTa caMDI zatakanI, zrI yamunAgA AlabandAra stotranI, zrI lIlAzke kRSNa karNAmRtanI, kaTArvaroe lakSmIsahastranI, mAnatuMgAcA bhakatAmbaranI ane siddhasena divAkare kalyANamandira stotranI racanA karela che. kathA sAhitya-vArtAonuM sAhityamAM viziSTa sthAna che. nAnI nAnI gharanI ghaTanAo dvArA mAnava citta upara jeTale prabhAva pADI zakAya che teTale prabhAva ghaNuM vakhate moTA granthathI pADI zakAtuM nathI. kathA priya thavAnuM mukhya kAraNa e che ke te nAnI ane mAnava samAjanI sAthe sidho saMbaMdha rAkhanArI hoya che. kathAnI unnati eTale sabhya samAjanI unnati. vizuddha kathAone udaya prathama saMskRta sAhityamAM jovA maLe che. kahAnIono janma vedamAM thayela che. nAnA nAnA AkhyAne vistAra ApaNane brAhmaNa prathomAM ane upaniSadomAM jovA maLe che. Aja AkhyAnane savistara ane sarala bhASAdhArA mahAbhAratakAre mahAbhAratamAM ane purANomAM varNavela che. kyA sAhitya be prakAranuM che. 1 upadezAtmaka ane manoraMjanAtmaka. manoraMjanAtmaka dvArA paNa upadeza to maLe ja che paraMtu svataMtra uddeza manoraMjanano hoya che, upadezane gauNa. upadezAtmaka kathA RvedamAM tathA kAgya vigere upaniSad dvArA tathA mahAbhAratamAM yatratra jovA maLe che. kahAnI lekhakenI amuka racanAone ullekha nIce pramANe che. guNADhaya-pratiSThAnapuranA rAjA zAlivAhananA sabhA paMDitanuM sthAna zrI guNADhaye prApta karyuM hatuM. teo paizAcI bhASAnA prakAMDa paMDita hatA. teonI anupama bahAkathA" ApaNane

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maLe che. A paizAcI bhASAmAM lakhAyela bahatkathAnuM saMskRtamAM anuvAdana thayela che te ApaNuM sabhAgya che. kahevAya che ke A grantha mahAbhAratathI sAtagaNo moTo che, paraMtu Aje kevala 1 lAkha zlekavALo grantha maLe che. A pratyeno prathama saMskRtamAM anuvAda budha svAmIe "khata ka samuccaya" nAmathI karela che. A anuvAda AThamI athavA navamI sadImAM thayela che. kSemendra kavinI "bahatkathA maMjarI"mAM sADAsAta hajAra zloke che, jayAre somadeva racita kathAsaritsAgara"mAM vIza hajAra zloka che. A graMthanI kathA vastu mAtra eTalI che ke rAjA udayanane putra naravAhanadatta pitAnA mitra gemukhanI sahAyatAthI potAnI priyatama madanamAjikAnI sAthe lagna karavAmAM ane vidyAdharanuM rAjya prApta karavAmAM samartha thAya che. mahAkavi bhAsa, zrI harSa tathA bhaTTa nArAyaNa pitAnA nATakanuM vaDu grahaNa mATe bahAnA vizeSa RNI che te niHzaMka vAta che. viSNu zarmA-viSNu zarmA paMDitanA "paMcata" prathI vizvasuparicita che te kahevuM sUryanA darzana karAvavA barAbara che. A granthamAM mitra bheda, mitra lAbha, sadhi vigraha, ladhupraNAza ane parIkSitakAraka nAmanA pAMca bhede che. dareka bhAgamAM eka vAta che ane te vAtane puSTa karavA aneka vArtAo lakhAyela che. paMcatatranA kartAne uddezya pitAnI kathAnA vyAjathI sadAcAra, nIti vigerenuM zikSaNa ApavAnuM hatuM. kathA lekhakamAM atyaMta gUDha tAtinuM jJAna, sumati-sama vividha kArya nirIkSaNa zakti hatI te kahevuM atizayoktibharyuM nathI. paMcatannane pracAra kevala bhArata vyApI ja nathI paraMtu bhUmaMDala vyApI che. A granthanI kathAothI anya dezanA kathA sAhityane ghaNI preraNA maLI che. A granthanA bhinna bhinna zatAdiomAM aneka saMskaraNa thayela che. phArasanA bAdazAha nauzeravAe hakIma burajaI dvArA A granthane prathama anuvAda pa33mAM mahalabI (prAcIna phArasI) bhASAmAM karAvyo. tyAra bAda sIriyana bhASAmAM, tyAra bAda arabI bhASAmAM vigere aneka bhASAomAM A granya anudita bane che. nArAyaNa paMDita-A paMDitajIe "hitopadeza"nI racanA karI che je paMcatatrane AbhArI che. A granthane sarva prathama abhyAsa saMskRtanA prAthamika vidyArthI o kare che. A paMDitajI baMgAlanA dhavalacaMdra mahArAjAnA sabhA paMDita hatA. A graMthanI racanAno samaya I. sa. caudamI zatAbdi manAya che. A uparAMta kathA sAhitya aneka granthomAM lakhAyela che jema ke zivadAsanI vaitAlapaMcaviMzatikA, zukasatati ane siMhAsanakAciMzikA, AzaranI jAtakamAlA vigere. gIti kAvya-saMskRta sAhityamAM gati kAvyo muktaka rUpathI ane prabadha rUpathI maLe che. muktaka kAvyonA rasanA AnaMda prApti mATe bAhya sAmagrInI jarUrata rahetI nathI. muktaka kAvyanuM sarvottama udAharaNa bhartuharinA tathA amarUkanA zatako che. jayAre prabadhAtmaka kAvyanuM

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udAharaNu kAliMdAsanu` mezvadUta che. thoDAka gIti kAvyono paricaya A pramANe che. bhartRhari--sAtamI zatAbdinA najIkanA samayamAM kavi bhartRharie nIti zataka, zRMgAra zataka ane vairAgya zatanI racanA karI che. nIti zatakamAM mAnava jIvana vizvAsamAM guglRAnI jarUra che te mATe Agraha karavAmAM Avela che. zRMgAra zatakamAM nArI hRdayanu` nirUpaNa che. vairAgya zatakamAM " santoSI nara sadA sukhI A uktine lakSyamAM rAkhI vairAgyanI bhAvanAneM uttejIta karI che. A kavi rAjA hatA tyAra bAda mahA yogI thayA hatA. ** 99 1 amarUka-navamI zatAbdi pahelAM amaka nAmanA kavie AMrgAra rasa yukata "amarUka zataka" manthanI racanA karI che. A granthamAM zRMgAra rasanI jamAvaTa te rIte karavAmAM AvI che jAtanI jamAvaTa bIjI jagyAe prApta thatI nathI. jayadeva baMgALanAM kendubilva gAmanA mahA kavi jayadevanA " gIta gAvidra "thI kANu aricita hAi zake ? A jayadeva vinA samaya 11mI zatAbdine manAya che. A lakSNusena rAjAnI sabhAnA eka kavirAja hatA. gIta ge:vinda kAvyamAM 12 sargo che. saMskRta bhASA keTalI madhura hAya che, tenu jo eka sthAnethI ja jJAna prApta karavu hoya teA jayadeva kavinuM gIta gAvinda kAvya bsa che. A krAvyamAM kAmalakAnta padAvalIne sarasa pravAha vahe che ane sudar bhAvAnA samanvaya paNa jovA maLe che. A kAvya samajavA mATe bhakti hRdayanI khAsa AvatA che. Aje paNa temanI puNya smRtimAM gauDIya vaiSNava sAdhuone temanA janma sthAne meLA bharAya che. gAvadhA~cAya --A AcAyaeN baMgAlanA rAjA lakSmaNusenanA darabAramAM kavirAja hatA. zRMgAra rasabharI kavitA lakhavAmAM te siddhahasta hatA. temanA AsaptarAtI" nAmaneA anupama grantha che. geAvana kavi AryoM chandanA kavi hatA. hindInA maThThA kavi bihArIe A prathanA AdarzI uparathI ja suprasiddha satasa" lakhela che. Amane samaya 11mI zabdanA . nizcita manAya che. A uparAMta jaina kavi anasene pArthAMbhyudaya, vikrame nemidUtam, paDita AyI kavie pathanadUtam, vAmana bhaTTa bANe hu MsadUtam vagere gIta kAvyonI paNu amara racanA karela che. prakaraNa 7 kuM alaMkAra zAstra saMskRta bhASAmAM alaMkAra zAstra svatataMtra zAstra tarIke prasiddha che. A zAstranA manthAnI racanA AjathI doDha hajAra varSoM pahelAM thatI AvI haiM. sAdhAraNa rIte ala kAra, zAstranA

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pratye eka ja vAtanuM pratipAdana karanArA hoya che tema nathI paraMtu AmAM paNa aneka bheda che. saMskRtamAM kevala kAcanA bAhya aMgenuM ja adhyayana karavAmAM Avela nathI paraMtu zabda tathA artha deze ane guNenuM sUkSmAti sUkSma avalokana karavAmAM Avela che. sAthe sAtha alaMkArika guNadoSanuM vivecana karIne pitAnI jAtane samartha mAnatA nathI paraMtu kAvyanA AtmAnuM samIkSaNa paNa potapotAnI daSTithI karatA jovA maLe che. pahelAM alaMkAra zAstra nATaya zAstrane eka bhAga mAnavAmAM AvatuM hatuM, paraMtu bhAratanA pachI alaMkAra zAtre nATaca zAstranI parataMtratAnI beDIne potAnI meLe teDI svataMtra zAstra tarIke rUpa dhAraNa karyuM. A alaMkAra zAstranA samaye navA saMpradAye utpanna thayela jevA maLe che temAMnA amuka mukhya saMpradAyonuM varNana nIce pramANe che. alaMkAra saMpradAya-A saMpradAya kAvyamAM alaMkArane ja mukhya mAnavA lAgyA. temanA matamAM te jema agni dAha vinAno hoya tema mAnavuM upahAsAspada che tema kAvya alaMkAra vinAnuM hoya te te nitAnta mazkarIne pAtra che. rIti saMpradAya-A saMpradAya "rItirAtmAkAvyasya" mAnate hate. AmanA vicAramAM guNonI sattA mAnavI Avazyaka che. guNo daza che-zleSa, prasAda, samatA, mAdhurya, sukamAratA, artha vyakti, udAratva, eja, kAnti ane samAdhi. A guNanuM astitva svIkAranAra A saMpradAya che. A sampradAyanA AcArya daMDI kavi che. vokti sampradAya-A sampradAyanA pravartaka "kuntaka" alaMkArika hatA te vakroktine ja kAvyanuM sarvasva mAnatA hatA. A vakrokti alaMkAra nathI paraMtu sarva sAdhAraNa manuSyanA kathanathI vicitra rIte kahevuM te che. dhvani sapradAya-je kAvyamAM vAyanI apekSAe vyaMgyanI pradhAnatA hoya te kAvya zreSTha che Ama dhvani sapradAya mAne che. aucitya sampradAya-A sampradAyAnusAra kAvyamAM aucityane vicAra mukhya mAnavAmAM Ave che. je vastu rasa, guNa tathA sandarbhanA anukULa hoya tene kAvyamAM sthAna ApavuM joIe. A sampradAyanA pradhAna alaMkArika kSemendra hatA. have bhinna bhinna sapradAyanA mukhya AcArya tathA temanI kRti A pramANe che. bharata muninATaya ane alaMkAra viSayaka prAcInatama grantha bharata munine nAtha zAstra jovA maLe che. jemAM alaMkAra, saMgita, chanda vigere zAstronA mUla siddhAntanuM vizada varNana karela che. A graMthamAM 36 adhyAye tathA pAMca hajAra ke che. AmAM sUtrabhASya, kArikA

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25 ane anuvazya ke A pramANe traNa aMze che. bharata muni rasa sapradAyanA AcArya hatA. A munine samaya I. 5. prathama zatAbdi AsapAsa manAya che. . bhAmaha-A AcArya kRta "kAvyAlaMkAra' nAmane prakhya che. A granthamAM pariccheda che jemAM kAvya sAdhanA, kAvya lakSaNa, kAvya bheda, alaMkAra, bhArata pradarzita daza devanuM sAMgopAMga varNana karavAmAM Avela che. A graMthamAM 400 kaleka che. temane samaya pAMcamI zatAbdine manAya che. daMDI kavi-kavivara daDIne "kAvyAdarza" atyaMta lokapriya grantha che. A granthano bhinna bhinna bhASAmAM anuvAda thayela che. AmAM cAra pariccheda tathA 660 oke che. prathama paricchedamAM kAvya lakSaNa, bIjA paricchedamAM 35 alaMkAra lakSaNo ane udAharaNo, tRtIya paricchedamAM zabdAlaMkAranuM varNana, cethA paricchedamAM daza prakAranA doSa lakSaNa ane udAharaNa Apela che. uddabhara-A alaMkArikanI "kAvyAlaMkAra sAra saMgraha" nAmanI racanA che. AmAM alaMkAranuM vizeSa rUpathI varNana karavAmAM Avela che. te kAzmIranA rAjA jayApIDanA sabhA paMDita hatA. eka kahaNanA kathanAnusAra temane eka divasanA pagAra eka karoDa sonAmahorI hatI. - vAmana A AcAryane "kAvyAlaMkAra) nAmane suprasiddha alaMkArika grantha che. A prasthamAM 319 sUtra che. A granthane pAMca adhikaraNo che, jemAM kAvya prajana, rItIo, de, guNe. tathA tenA bhede ane zabdArtha laMkAronuM varNana che. A AcArya paNe jayApIThanA sabhApati hatA. tethI temano samaya AThamI zatAbdine uttarArdha manAya che. Anandavardhanadhvani sapradAyanA AcAryomAM Anandavardhana, abhinavagupta, mammaTa, vizvanAtha tathA paMDitarAja jagannAtha mukhya che. A davardhanane samaya navamI zatAbdine che. A AcArya jevA maulika Alecaka saMskRta sAhityamAM bIjA koI nathI. vaninI vivecanAmAM temanI sUkSma buddhine ApaNane paricaya sAre maLe che. temane mukhya prantha che "davanyAleka'' A granthamAM cAra udyo che. jemAM dhvani vidhAtanuM khaMDana, vani prakAra vivecana ane vani mata pratipAdita viSayanuM suMdara nirUpaNa karela che. temanI lekhana zailI parama prauDha, pAMDityapUrNa ane mahAriNuM che. mammaTavani matanA paramAcArya kAzmIra nivAsI zrI mammaTano parama prasiddha " kAvya prakAza" nAmane ratna grantha che. kAvya prakAzamAM traNa aMza che ane 10 ullAso che jemAM kAvya svarUpa, vRtti vicAra, vani bheda, guNIbhUta vyaMgya, citra kAvya, doSa-guNa, alaMkAra vigerenuM vizada vivecana karela che.

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26 - kavirAja zrI vizvanAtha-ula rAjyanA sAdhivigrahika zrI vizvanAtha kavirAje "sAhitya darpaNa" nAmanA suprasiddha granthanI racanA karI che. A kavirAjano samaya i. sa. caudamI zatAbdimAM manAya che kAraNa ke temaNe allAuddIna khilajInuM varNana karela jovA maLe che. sAhitya darpaNanA dasa paricchede che. temAM samagra kAvyanA aMgonI temaja nATayanA aMgenI carcA karavAmAM AvI che. A grantha alaMkAra zAstranA mUla siddhAntanA jJAna mATe chAtrone ghaNo upayogI che te kahevuM atizayoktibharyuM nathI. kavirAja zrI jagannAthapaMDita-sAhitya zAstranA marma jJAnanA prakAzaka "sagaMgAdhara' nAmanA granthane banAvanAra kavirAja zrI jagannAthathI koNa aparicita hoI zake? sarva sAhityane sAra sAhitya ja che A vastune spaSTa pratipAdana karanAra paMDitajIe rasanA nirUpaNamAM jevI rIte dArzanika siddhAntanuM pratipAdana prauDhatAthI karela che te pramANe alaMkAra viSayamAM paNa nirUpaNa karela che. A prakAMDa paMDitajI pachI anya koI dArzanika paMDita thayAM nathI tema mAnavuM che. A uparAMta aneka sAhitya marmae A dizAmAM pitAnA anupama pratyenI bheTa ApaNane ApI che jevI rIte rudraTana kAvyAlaMkAra abhinavaguptAcAryanI vinyA leka TIkA, kuntakane vakrokita jIvitam, zrI mahima bhaTTane vyaktiviveka, dhanaMjayane dazarU paka, bheja rAjAne sarasvatI kaThAbharaNa, kSemendranI aucitya vicAra carcA, AcArya syakane ala kAra sarvasva, hemacandrAcAryane kAvyanuzAsana, rAjazekharanI kAvya mimAMsA, jayadevane candrAleka, Apa yadIkSitane kuvalayAnaMda ane devezvaranI kavi kapanA vigere aneka pratye prasiddha che. prakaraNa sAtamuM dharma ane darzana zAstra mAnavanI pratyeka pravRti cAra purUSArtha upara rahela che te-dharma, artha, kAma ane mekSa che. manuSya kramazaH unnati karI zake ane ane mokSa nAmanA purUSArthane prApta karI zake te mATe ApaNAM pUrvajoe aneka alabhya granthanI racanA karela che. svArthanI sAthe paramArthanuM sampAdana, aihika sukhanI sAthe pAralaukika kalyANanuM vidhAna karavuM teja vaidika dharmane sarvadA uddezya rahela hato ane che. tethI dharmazAstra granthanI racanA uparAMta arthazAstra, kAmazAstra, Ayurveda vigere viSayanI paNa sUkSmAti sUkSma dRSTithI vivecana karI ApazuM kalyANa karela che. TUMkamAM mAnavatA cAreya purUSArthonA samAna anuzIlana mATe saMskRtamAM A virATa sAhityano udaya tathA abhyadaya thayela che ke je bIjI bhASAmAM maLa nitAnta durlabha che.

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- dharmazAstrane udaya vaidikAlathI thaze che. vedanI zAkhA sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhanAra aneka dharma sUtranI racanA I. sa. pUrve pAMcamI-chaThTho zatAbdimAM thaI hatI. A pachI smRti granI racanA thaI. smRti zabdathI cha vedanA aMge, dharmazAstra, itihAsa, purANa vagere ane baMdha thAya che. A che tene vyApaka zabdArtha paraMtu amuka rIte tene artha kevala dharmazAe pUrato ja thAya che. jemAM prajAnA ka9yANa mATe ucita AcAra-vicAranuM samAja zAsananuM, nIti sadAcAranA niyamonuM spaSTa vivecana jovA maLe che. smRtionI saMkhyA 18 gaNAya che, A smRnikAramAM manu, yAjJavalkaya, atri, viSa, hArIta, uSanasa, agirA, yama, kAtyAyana, bahaspati, pArAsara, vyAsa, dAsa, gautama, vaziSTha, nArada, bhRgu ane zaMkha mukhya smRtikAro che. smRtiomAM manusmRti mukhya gaNAya che. A smRtinA kartA prajApati svAyabhU manu kahevAya che. A smRtimAM 12 adhyAyo che. A smRtimAM mAnava jIvananA vikAsa mATe dareka viSaya upara vivecana karavAmAM Avela che. A uparAMta yAjJavalkaya smRti paNa prasiddha che. A smRtimAM AcAra, vyavahAra ane prAyazcita nAmanA traNa adhyAya che, pahelAM adhyAyamAM snAtaka vrata prakaraNa bhayAbharyo prakaraNa, pratyazuddhi prakaraNa ane dAna prakaraNa ema cAra prakaraNe che. bIjA adhyAyamAM samAjamAM cAlatA vyavahAropayogI vigatavAra vivecana karela che ane trIjA adhyAyamAM prAyazcitanA prakAre temaja kArya batAvela che. dana zAstra-A jagatanA duHkhane nAza karI vAstavika sukha ane zAzvata zAnti ApanAra je zAstrI che tene darzana zAstra kahevAmAM Ave che. darzanano vyutpatti artha e che ke jenAthI darzana thAya arthAta jenA jJAnathI jIva jagata ane brahmanuM darzana thAya-jJAna thAya. darzanano udaya mAnava samAjanA kalyANa mATe thaye che. mAnava traNa tApathI duHkhI thatuM hoya che ane A tApathI bacAvavAnuM kArya darzana zAstra kare che. jeo vicAra te AcAra A niyamAnusAra, vicAra nirUpaNa darzana zAstra ane AcAra nirUpaNa dharmazAstra kare che. dhArmika AcAra vaDe kAryAnvita nahiM thayela darzana zAstranuM jJAna niSphaLa jAya che, tema dArzanika vicArothI paripuSTa thayA vinA dharmanI sattA nirAdhAra che. tethI dharma zAstra ane darzana zAstra bane AzrayAlayI che. ane A bannene meLApa duHkhathI chUTavA mATe darzana zAstranI utpatti thaI ane duHkha jJAna vinA dUra thaI zakatuM nathI te sanAtana satya che. * dazanane udaya vaidika kAlamAM thaI cUkaye hate. TvedanA atyaMta prAcIna yugathI be prakAranI pravRttio jANavA maLe che. pahelI pravRtti prajJAmUlaka hatI je tatvonuM vivecana buddhithI karI saphaLatA meLavatI hatI. bIjI taka malaka hatI je tanuM nirikSaNa mATe

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tAki buddhino upayoga karatI hatI. A pravRttionA mizraNathI bhinna bhinna darzananI utpatti thaI | darzana zAstro nIce pramANe che-vizeSika, nyAya, sakhya, vega, pUrva mimAMsA, vedAnta, cArvAka, jaina darzana ane bauddha darzana. A badhA darzanenA svataMtra sUtro che jenA upara bhASya, vAtika tathA vRttio samaya samaya upara thatI gaI che. vaizeSika darzananA praNetA kada, nyAyanA maharSi gautama, sAMkhyanA kapila, yuganA maharSi paMtajalI, pUrva mimAMsAnA jaiminI, vedAntanA maharSi vyAsa, cArvAnA AcArya bahaspati, jenanA arihaMta ane bauddhanA bhagavAna buddha che. A dareka zAstronA siddhAnta tathA granthanuM saMkSepamAM varNana A pramANe che. vaizeSika darzana-A darzanane mukhya abhiprAya jagatanA padArthonA svarUpanuM nirUpaNa karavAnuM che. AmanA matamAM dravya, guNa, karma sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya ane abhAva ema sata padArtho manAya che. pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA ane mana e nava dravya manAya che rUpa, rasa, gabdha, sparza, saMkhyA, buddhi vigere jevIsa guNa manAya che. ulleSaNa, apakSepaNa, Akucana, prasAraNa ane gamana pAMca karyo che. sAmAnya eka, cha bhAva padArtha ane cAra abhAva mAne che. A darzananA sa lakhanAra maharSi kaNAda che. AnA upara TIkA tathA Ane anulakSIne grantha lakhanAra aneka che jema keudayanAcAryanI kiraNAvalI TIkA, zivAdityamitrane sapta padArtha, vizvanAthanI muktAvalI ane annabhaTTane tarka saMgraha vizeSa prasiddha che. - nyAya darzana-nyAya darzananuM mukhya lakSya pramANa mimAMsAne nakkI karavAnuM che pramANa eTale zuM ane keTalA che? AnuM nirUpaNa A zAstramAM karela che. yathArtha anubhavanA cAra pramANa che-pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna ane zabda. hevAbhAsanuM sabhya vivecana karavAmAM Avela che. cArvAka mata A zarIrane ja AtmA mAne che jyAre nAyikAe akAya yuktithI deha, mana tathA buddhithI alaga siddha kare che. baudhadArzanikenI sAthenA zAstrArthanA prasaMgathI A darzanane ghaNo vikAsa thayo che. nyAyanA sUtro lakhanAra gautama thaI gayA jemane samaya vikrama saMvatanI pahelAM cArasano manAya che. A sUtra upara maharSi vAtsyAyane (bIjA zatakamAM) bhASya lakhyuM. A uparAMta aneka AcAryoe TIkA karI che. navya nyAyanA pravartaka maithilI paMDita gaMgeza upAdhyAya che je 13mI sadimAM thaI gayA. temane yugAntarakArI granthanuM nAma "tatva cintAmaNi" che je matane jagadIza bhaTTAcArya tathA gadAdhare vikasita karI che. sAMkhya darzana-sAMkhya darzananuM mukhya lakSya purUSa ane prakRtine samajAvavAnuM che.

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29 A matanA anusAra jagatanA padArtho 25 che. jagatanA mUlamAM prakRti ane purUSa be tave che. prakRti svayaM jaDa che, paraMtu temAM kriyA karavAnI zakita rahelI che. purUSa trigugothI bhinna vivekI tathA cetana che. AmAM kriyA karavAnI zakti nathI paraMtu te cetana che. purUSa ane prakRtinA saMyogathI sRSTinI utpatti thAya che. laMgaDA ane AMdhaLA purUSanI upamA lAyaka prakRti ane purUSa che. sAMkhya mata kAraNamAM pahelAthI je kArya raheluM mAne che. kArya ke no padArtha nathI paraMtu kAranuM navuM svarUpa che purUSa ane prakRtinuM ajJAna eTale saMsAra ane te bannenuM samyaka jJAna eTale mekSa. A darzananA praNetA kapila muni che. yoga darzana-citta vRttinA virodhane vega kahe che. jJAnanI siddhi mATe yoganA ATha aMga che-yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna ane samAdhi. yamanA satya, ahiMsA asteya, brahmacarya ane apratigraha pAMca bheda che. niyamanA zauca, saMte , tapa, svAdhyAya tathA Izvara prati dhyAna pAMca bheda che. sthira sukha-pUrvaka besavuM tenuM nAma Asana. zvAsanI gatine rokavuM te prANAyAma. aMtarmukhI Indriyo thAya tene pratye hAra kahevAya che. koI pradezamAM cittanuM dhyAna karavuM te dhAraNa kahevAya. ekAgra citta tenuM nAma dhyAna. vikSepane dUra karIne ekAgra banavuM tenuM nAma samAdhi kahevAya. veganA Adi AcArya pataMjalI che. jemane sUtra grantha yogasUtra che. A grantha upara vyAsa bhASya atyaMta pramANika che. mimAMsA dazana-mimAMsAne uddezya vaidika karma kAMDanA vAkonA arthanuM samyaktayA nirUpaNa karavAnuM che. A mata karma upara vizeSa bhAra Ape che. karma ja badhA phaLanA dAtA che. veda vihita karma te dharma che ane te karmathI apUrva utpanna thAya che, ane AnAthI phala prApti thAya che. mimAMsake vedane apaurUSaya mAne che. A matanA sUtra racayitA maharSi jaiminI che, ane bhASya lekhaka che zabara muni. A bhASya upara kumArila bhaTTa tathA prabhAkara bhaTTe TIkAo lakhI che. kumArika bhaTTe zloka vAtika ane tatra vArtikanI racanA karI mimAMsA zAstrane atyaMta pracAra karyo che. vedAnta dazana-vedAnta darzananI aneka zAkhAo che. upaniSado ja mukhya vedAnta che ane nRtinA mukhya siddhAMtanA pratipAdaka che. vedAnta sUtronI racanA maharSi vyAse karI ane tenA upara bhinna bhinna samaye bhinna bhinna AcAryoe potAnA matAnusAra bhASya lakhyAM. A bhASyomAM zaMkarAcAryanuM bhASya ati prasiddha che. teo ata vedAntanA pratiSThApaka thaI gayA. A matane siddhAnta e che ke brahma satya che, jagata mithyA che. jIva ane brahmanI ekatA mAnavAthI A mata advaita kahevAya che. A matanuM vizAla sAhitya che. zaMkarAcAryanA

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1140 che bhava che 1250 kiMTha ) 140 1500 , zimAM maMDana mizra tathA padmapAdAcArya mukhya che. vAcaspatimithe bhAmatI nAmanI zAMkara bhASya upara vyAkhyA lakhI che. madhusudana sarasvatIne "advaita siddhi" nAmane nitAta prauDha ane prasiddha grantha che. brahma sUtra lakhanAra vyAsajIne samaya vikramanI pahelAM chaThTho zAbdino hAlanA etihAsika mAne che. pANini muni pahelAM thai gayA te sanAtana satya che. mUla brahma sUtre 550 che. A brahma sUtra upara aneka AcAryoe bhASya lakhyuM che te A pramANe che. AcAryanuM nAma samaya bhASya nAma matanuM nAma AvazaMkarAcArya 700 zatAbdi zArIrika bhAgya adeta mata bhAskara che 1000 , bhAskara bhAgya bhedabheda mata rAmAnuja zrI bhAgya viziSTAdvaita 1238 , pUrNa purI bhAgya ta mata nimbArka , vedAnta pArijAta bhASya dvatA to 1270 ziva bhASya zaivaviziSTa kaeNta mata zrIpati AcArya zrIkara bhASya vIrazaivaviziSTAdvaita vallabha aNu bhAgya zuddhAdvaitamata vijJAnabhikSu , vijJAnamRta bhAgya baladeva , 1725 , govinda bhASya acityamedAbheda - vedAnta sAhitya atyaMta vizAla che. ATalA bhAgenI judA judA aneka nI racanA thayelI che. temAMnA pratyeka sAcudAyika granthanI saMkhyA paNa ati vipula che tethI temanI gaNatrI thaI zake tema nathI, tathApi mukhya mukhya prajAnI sucI atyaMta saMkSepamAM A pramANe che. gauDapAdanI mAMDukyakArikA, AcArya surezvaranI taitirIya ane bRhadAraNyabhASyanI vAnika, zrI padmapAdAcAryanI paMcapAdikA nAmanI TIkA, vAcasapatinI bhAmaTITIkA, zrI harSane khaMDanakhaMDa khAgha, cisukhanI tasvadIpikA, vidyAraNya svAmIne paMcadazI grantha ayadIkSitane kalpatarUparimala nAmane grantha vigere aneka TIkAo tathA grA zAMkara matanA che. anya AcAryonA matanA aneka pustaka che ane te avarNanIya che. , cArvAka darzana-cArvAka darzananI vigata kaDIbaddha ApaNuM jovAmAM AvatI nathI tenuM kAraNa e che ke te siddhAMtane pracAra prasAra thaI zake tema nathI. A matanA praNetA bRhaspati AcArya che. A darzana pratyakSa ja pramANane mAne che. zarIra ja AtmA che ane maraNa te mokSa che. ane A jIvanamAM sukha bhogavavuM te svarga ane duHkha bhegavavuM te naraka che. karaja karIne paNa sukhapUrvaka rahevuM kAraNake dehanA nAza thayA pachI pharIthI te deha AvI zakatuM

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nathI tethI kaI mAganAra Avaze nahi. svabhAvathI ja jagata utpanna thAya che ane nAza thAya che. A siddhAnta Izvarane bhAna nathI. jaina darzana-jaina darzananA matamAM samyaggadarzana, jJAna ane cAritrya A traNa sAdhane mekSa mAne che. samyaga darzanathI zraddhA utpanna thAya che. jIva, ajIva, Asrava, badha, saMvara, nirjara ane mekSa A sAta padArthonuM yathAyogya jJAna te samyaka jJAna kahevAya che. samyagu cAritrya prApti mATe ahiMsA, asteya, satya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, tapAlana jJAna pUrvaka mana-vacana-karmathI pAlana karavuM joIe. jenA darzananuM sAhitya ati vipula che. umAsvAti viracita tatvArthasUtra, kundakundrAcArya viracita prapaMcasAra, sAmata bhadranI AtamimAMsA vadhu prasiddha graMtho che. A badhAne samaya trIjI zatAbdi manAya che. madhya yugamAM jena dArzanika siddhasena, haribhaka, vivAnanda ane hemacandrAcAryanA nAme ati prasiddha che. jaina dharmanA aneka phATAo thaI gayA che jemake kavetAMbara, digabara, sthAnakavAsI, terApathI vigere. amuka varga 45 Agamane mAne che tyAre amuka varga 32 Agamane mAne che. amuka mUti pUjaka che tyAre amUka amUrtipUjaka che. A uparAMta aneka jaina kavioe saMskRta sAhityI sevA karI che. hindu dharmanI jema jaina dharmamAM 24 purANa che. je dareka tIrthaMkaranI kathA eka purANamAM varNavAmAM Avela che. tIrthakare paNa vIsa che. ( 9 boddha darzana-bhagavAna budhe sthApela dharmanuM nAma bauddha kahevAya che. A dharmanuM pa vizAla sAhitya che. budhe pitAne upadeza te samayanI lokabhASA pAlImAM A hatA. temanA mUla pratye "tripiTaka" nAmathI prasiddha che. mahAyAna dharmamAM saMskRta bhASA mAM grantha lakhAyela che. A buddha darzananA mukhya cAra saMpradAya che. vaibhASika, sautrAtaka, yogAcAra ane mAdhyamika. sapUrNa - saurASTramAM vasatAM amuka saMskRta vidvAnenI nAmAvali - sva. ma. bha. zrI hAthIbhAI, sva. ma. ma. zrI zaMkaralAlabhAI, sva zrI caMbakarAmabhAI ve. A. zrI zAntiprasAdajI mahArAja ve. A. zrI lAbhazaMkarabhAI vyA. A. zrI rA. vi. kaunDinyacha M. A. B T. kA tI. (suvarNapadaka) zrI kRSNavallabhAcArya nyA. A. zrI, zrI zivazaMkarabhAI sA. vyA. A. zrI mahAzaMkarabhAve zA. sva. zrI harizaMkarabhAI mi. zA. sva. zrI bhAnuzakaMrabhAI, zrI karUNAzaMkarabhAI, paM. zrI zyAmasundarabhAi, zrI harilAlabhAI vyA, A. zrI narmadAzaMkarabhAI jI. A. zrI girIzabhAI e. A. zrI vrajalAlabhAI ve, zA.

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zrI vinAyakabhAI A. A. zrI lAlajIbhAI che. A bI cimanalAlabhAI ve. A. zrI maganalAlabhAI sA. A. zrI purUSottamabhAI sA. A. zrI bAlakRSNabhAI sA. A. zrI jeThAlAlabhAI ke. zA. paM. zrI jaTAzaMkarabhAI, zrI gomatIprasAdajI ve. zA. zrI vrajamohana prasAda A. A. zrI kezavalAlabhAI nyA. A. zrI prANalAlabhAI ve. A. zrI vizvanAthabhAI vyA. A. zrI caMdulAlabhAI kAvyatIrtha, zrI narmadAzaMkara ja, rAvala sA. A. zrI kItyanaMdabhAI sA. A. zrI jagadIzabhAI sA. A. zrI gAMDAlAlabhAI sA. A. zrI zivazaMkarabhAI mahuvA vyA. A. zrI mULazaMkarabhAI jayau. zA. zrI bhUpatarAyabhAI ve. A. zrI jayakRSNabhAI kA. tI. zrI kezavalAlabhAI ve A. zrI madhukAntAbena kA. tI. zrI lAbhazaMkarabhAI kA. tI viNaprasAdabhAI ve. zA: zrI pannAlAla mizrA sA. zA. zrI TikAnaMda upAdhyAya kA. tI. jyatibhAI kA, tI. baLavaMtabhAI kA. tI. zrI dAmajIbhAI madhyamA. zrI bhAnuzaMkarabhAI, zrI naMdalAla bhAI vyA. tI. zrI naTubhAI kA. tI. zrI lAlajIbhAI beTa. kundanalAlabhAI madhyamA. zrI prabhulAla jAni sA. zA. zrI. ravizaMkarabhAI, zrI. kAmevarabhAI sA. zA. zrI vijayazaMkarabhAI kA. tI. zrI chelazaMkarabhAI vyA. zA. zrI aMbAzaMkarabhAI sA. zA. zrI lAbhazaMkarabhAI A. A. zrI puraNadAsa sAdhu vyA. A. zrI gautamalAla dave M. A. vyA. zA. zrI maNizaMkara bhaTTa, zrI vAmanarAvabhAI, zrI metilAlabhAI, zrI maNizaMkarabhAI jAni ayurvedalaMkAra, zrI ratilAlabhAI kA, tI. zrI kRSNalAlabhAI kA. tI. zrI vRjalAlabhAI kA tI zrI kanaiyAlAlabhAI kA, tI. zrI manaharabhAI, zrI somanAthabhAI kA. tI. zrI lAbhazaMkarabhAI rAvala kA.tI. zrI harilAla mahetA kA tI. zrI girajAzaMkarabhAI vyA, A. zrI haribhajanadAsajIve. A. A uparAMta aneka vidvAne che jemanI nAmAvali maLI zakI nathI. ma ma=mahAmahe pAdhyAya, ne AvedAntAcArya, sA. A. sAhityAcAya, nyAa = nyAyAcarya, vyA. A.vyAkaraNAcArya, ve zA =vedAntazAstrI, vyA. zA =vyAkaraNazAstrI, sA. zA =sAhityazAstrI, kA, tI=kAvyatIrtha, sA. vi. sAhitya vizArada, sA. ratna=sAhitya ratna A A= AyurvedAcArya, mi. sA =mimAMsAzAstrI jaya. A.=jayautiSAcArya, jayotiSazAstrI, muMbaI rAjya temaja anya rAjyoe madhyamA=S. S. C. zAstrI=B. A. AcArya-M. A. tIrtha-s S. C. samAna mAnela che ane tene pagAra Ape che. saMskRta vartamAnapatronI amuka yAdI-saMskRta bhavitavyam (sA) saMskRta sAketa (sA) bhAratavANI (pA) bhAratI (mA) udyAnapatrikA (mA) vidyA (mA) maMjuSA (bhA) madhuvANI (mA) sArasvatI suSamA (. mA.) vigere. A dareka pAnA saranAmA vigerenI mAhitI mATe ApustikAnA lekhakane la. sA...sAptAhika, pA-pAkSika, mA-mAsika, 2. mA-vaimAsika,

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sva. rAjakumAra zrI jIvAnasiMhajI jasavaMtasiMhajInI jIvana jharamara zrI dayAnidhi paramezvare peAtAnI apratima karuNAne lIdhe sa leAkAne aneka prakAranA lAbha ane Anada ApavA mATe ja jagatamAM aneka ratno racelAM che, racAya che ane racAze. temAMnA keTalAMka sthAvara ane jaMgama ratnA hoya che. sthAvara rata karatAM jaMgama ratna lAkhagaNu zreSTha hoya che. AvA jaMgama ratnemAM paNa mAnava ratna sarvottama che, mAnava ratnathI kuLa, jJAti, nagara ane deza zAbhe che. utkRSTa mAnava ratnathI vizva paNa tejasvI bane che. AvA mAnava ratnanI prApti thavI te puNyanI nizAnI che ane akALe cAlyA javuM' te daivI prakepa che. * mitrA, hu' paNa evA ja mAnava ratnanI jIvana jharamara lakhIne tenuM kaMika RNa cUkAvu chuM, zrI rAjarAjezvaranI kRpAthI prauDha pratApa neka nAmadAra zrI bhAvanagara mahArAjAzrI jasavaMtasiMhajIsAhebanA pratApa ane kIrtithI kANu ajANyu' hAi zake ? e nAmadAra sAheba bhAvanagaranI rAjya gAdIe 1854mAM AvyA, rAjya si MhAsana upara birAjI aneka le ApakArI kAya karyo. tenA pATavI putranuM nAma zrI takhtasiMhajI mahArAja hatu, ane khIjA rANI zrI hirajIbhA sAheJAthI rAjakumAra zrI jIvAnasa chatA janma 1862mAM thayo. " putranA lakSaNa pAraNAmAM ' A kahevata anusAra rAjakumArI atyaMta tejasvI ane capaLa hArda rAjyakuTumbamAM AnaMda chavAI gayo. rAjakumAra caMdranI mAphaka pratidina vRddhi pAmatA gayA. nAnapaNathI ja te niDara ane spaSTa vaktA hatA. rAta divaso vitatA gayA rAjakumAranI uMmara ATha varSanI thaI haze tyAM to kAla bhagavAnanI gahanarmAtanA cakrathI mahArAjA zrI jasava tasihajI sAhebe A sAMsArika sarva duHkhothI mukta thai asAra saMsAranA sadA mATe 1870 mAM tyAga karyo. acAnaka AvI paDela akasmAtathI rAjyakuTumbamAM hAhAkAra macI gayo, paraMtu vidhAtAnI lIlA agamya che. mahArAjA zrI takhtasiMhajI sAheba nAnA hovAthI zrIyuta gau.IzaMkara udayaza'kara ojhAnA beinTa eDamInIsTrezanathI mahArAbanI meDaTI uMmara thatAM sudhI kArabhAra calAvavAnuM nakkI thayuM. rAjya praNAlikA mujaba zrI juvAnasiMhajIne nAna! hevAthI garAsamAM taLAjA paMthakanA ghATavALA, devaDIyA ane kuMDhaDA ema traNa gAmeA ApavAmAM AvyA. rAjakumAre prAmaka abhyAsa bhAvanagaramAM 13-14 varSanI uMmaramAM pUrA karyo tyAre teozrInI kathAtra buddhi joI mahArAjA zrI takhtasiMhajI sAhebe rAjakumAra kAleja, rAkeATamAM abhyAsAthe mAkalyA. abhyAsamAM temaja anya kAlejanI pravRttiomAM AgaLa paDatA rAjakumArane jone te vakhatanA prinsipAla zrI cesTaramekaneTana ane anya adhyApakA ghaNAM khuA thatA hatA. cAra varSanA abhyAsa bAda rAjakumAra jyAre bhAvanagara padhAryAM tyAre prinsipAle mahArAjA zrI takhtasiMhajI sAheba upara patra lakhyo ke ApazrI rAjakumArane vadhu abhyAsArthe iMglAnDa mAkalaze to bhaviSyamAM teo dhaNA yazasvI dhaze. A rIte prinsipAlanA pramANapatrathI mahArAjA sAhebanI chAtI gajaekanI phUTI gai, dAgu potAnA nAnA bhAinA

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13. utkarSane joIne Anada na anubhave ? A arasAmAM rAjakumAranA lagna saNAdaravALA " bAMIsAheba sAthe thayA. A vakhate kumArazrInI uMmara 18 varSanI hatI. A samayamAM darIyApAra javuM e abhaDAI javA jevuM hatuM, mahArAjA sAhebe daDhatAthI rAjakumArI juvAnasiMhajIne ucca abhyAsa IglAnDa mokalyA, rAja kumAra ghaNI khaMtathI kembrIjamAM abhyAsa karavA lAgyA. temane vijJAnanA ca kalA (phaTAgrAphI no khUba zokha hato. be varSamAM te kolejanA adhyApaka vargane prema chatI svade pAchA pharyA. rAjakumAranuM svAgata rAjya kuTue tathA janatAe sArI rIte karyuM. te vakhate rAjakuma mahetA zerImAM Avela juvAnasihajI darabAragaDha gAme prasiddha thayela DelAmAM rahetA hato. glAnDathI AvyA bAda teoe potAnA makAnamAM eka rUmane varkazeSa tarIke sthApyA. temAM teo pheTe grAphI, kArapenTarI, gIDIMga, enemeliMga vigere kArya karatA hatA. te samaye phaTAnI kaeNTe taiyAra na AvavAthI pe te ghera banAvatA hatA. teoe navarAtri samaye mahetA zerInA ce kamAM vijaLI cAlu karI janatAne Azcaya garakAva karI hatI. vidyApremI khUba ja hatA. pratidina navuM navuM jANavAnI dhagaza rAkhatA hatA. te ja vakhatamAM sthapAyela zAmaLadAsa kolejamAM jaI vidyArthIone potAnA jJAnane lAbha ApatA hatA. kolejanI vividha pravRttiomAM bhAga laI te samayanA prophesara unAvALA vigerenA priya mitra thai gayA hatA. rAjakuTuMbamAM paNa temanI niDaratA ane paTa vakatRtvanI sArI evI chA 5 hatI. mahArAjA sAheba paNa potAnA laghubaMdhunI suMdara pravRttio joIne khUba ja khuza thayA hatA. A pramANe temaNe 1882 thI 1884 sudhInA be varSanA TUMkA samayamAM atyaMta prasiddhi prApta karI lIdhI hatI. paraMtu vidhAtAnI agamya lIlAne koNa samajI zakyuM che ? rAjakumAranI ujavaLa kIrtine joIne vidhAtAne paNa IrSyA na AvI hoya tethI rAja kumArane TUMkI bimArI mAM 1884 mAM saMvata 1940 Aso suda trIjanA roja 22 varSanI TUMkI uMmara mAM nazvara paMcamahAbhautika padArthonA te te padArtha mAM laya karAvI yaza: kAyane choDI potAnA akSaya sthAne laI gayA. AthI rAjakuTumbamAM temaja janatAe pArAvAra duHkha anubhavyuM. mahArAjA sAhebe niDara ane spaSTa vaktA laghuba ghu guma vyA, mAtA zrI hirajIbAnA AzAdIpaka bujhAyo, zrI ba.IsAhebabAe potAnuM sarvasva guma huM ane nagare eka mahAna purUSa gumAvyo. A kAramAM prasaMgathI mAtuzrInuM hRdaya khUba ja dhavAyuM ane teo zrIe rAjaku mAgnA puNya smaraNArthe juvAnasiM hajI saMskRta pAzALA ane juvAnasiMhajI madira baMdhAvyuM. mahArAjA sAruM ne juvAnasiMhajI davAkhAnuM baMdhAvyuM ane uparanA baMne sthaLAnA nibhAva mATe rAjaya kharca Apaze tema udAra dile jAhera karyuM. 1890mAM mAtuzrI svarge sidhAvyA. sva. juvAnasi ha17 sAhebanA ThakarANI bAIbAhebabAe A vana rAjyakuTumbanA gauravane dIpa.vanAra aneka zubha kAryo karI 1935 mAM vinAzI zarIrano tyAga karI patiloka tarapha prayANa karyuM. - - prakAzaka zrI satyanArAyaNa. prinTIMga presa : hAikorTa roDa. : bhAvanagara