Prakrit Vyakaran Praveshika

Author(s): Satyaranjan Banerjee
Publisher: Jain Bhavan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/020568/1

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra OM www.kobatirth.org www. prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir prophesara DaoN satyaraMjana banarjI // jaina bhavana // kalakattA For Private and Personal Use Only Presente

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prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA prophesara DaoN. satyaraMjana banarjI em, e, pI eca DI (kalakattA), pI eca DI (eDinvyUro) prAkRta-vidyA-manISI (jaina vizva bhAratI) bhUtapUrva prophesara, kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya jaina bhavana kalakattA For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra prakAzaka : jaina bhavana pI. 25 kalAkAra sTrITa kalakattA 700 - 600 prathama saMskaraNa : maI 1999 mUlya : bIsa rupaye TAIpa seTiMga : kampU lejara grAphiksa 9, zrImAnI ghATa lena risar3A - 712248, hugalI madraka : zrI vibhAsa datta aruNimA priMTiMga varkasa 81, zimalA sTrITa kalakattA- 700 006

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prastAvanA prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA likhane kA apanA eka itihAsa hai / vigata maI 1989 meM jaba maiM kalakattA se lADanUM AyA, taba AcArya zrI tulasI ne majhe Adeza diyA prAkRta kAryazAlA Ayojita karane ke lie / AcArya zrI ke nirdeza ko maiMne AzIrvAda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA / isI AzIrvAda ke phalasvarUpa yaha prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA Aja Apake hAthoM meM hai| yaha graMtha prAkRta sIkhane ke lie prArambhika paricaya hai / prAkRta kAryazAlA kevala unhIM vidyArthiyoM ke lie hai, jo prAkRta nahIM jAnate haiM / isalie isameM kevala prAkRta bhASA ke jo makhya-makhya niyama haiM usI ke AdhAra para yaha pravezikA viracita huI hai / jo adhika prAkRta bhASA kA jJAna jAnate haiM unake lie yaha graMtha sAmAnya sA ho sakatA hai| bhASA sIkhane ke tIna stara haiM- prArambhika, mAdhyamika aura ucca / prArambhika par3hane ke bAda madhyama stara meM praveza hotA hai / madhyama stara meM bhASA ke anya viSayoM para dhyAna denA hotA hai / prArambhika stara se adhika niyama aura vyAkaraNa isameM Ate haiM / uccastara meM isase bhI adhika vyAkaraNa, bhASA-tatva ke gUr3ha tathya, bhASA kI vAkya rIti ityAdi viSayoM para adhika dhyAna denA Avazyaka hotA hai / ina sabhI staroM para bhASA kA sAhitya bhI par3hAnA par3atA hai aura sAhitya se vyAkaraNa kI vyAkhyA bhI karanI par3atI hai| isalie prArambhika stara meM vyAkaraNa kI AvazyakatA itanI nahIM hotI hai ki jisase prArambhika chAtroM ko bahata kaThinAI ho / isI AdhAra para yaha pravezikA atyanta saMkSipta rUpa meM likhI gaI hai / AzA hai isase prAkRta bhASA kA jJAna karane meM sahayoga milegaa| yaha pravezikA vastutaH kakSA meM vidyArthiyoM kI suvidhA ke lie taiyAra kara vitarita kie gae adhyAyoM kA saMkalana hai / yaha jJAna hara vidyArthI ko bhaviSya meM prAkRta bhASA par3hane hetu suvidhA degaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Arambha meM yaha prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA titthayara ke khaNDa 21 aMka 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, varSa 1997, 1998 meM dhArAvAhika rUpa se prakAzita ho cukI hai| paThana kI savidhA ke liye jaina bhavana ne ina lekhoM ko Akalana kara pastakAkAra rUpa meM prakAzita karane kA bIr3A uThAyA / isa kArya ko sAkAra karane meM jaina bhavana ke saciva zrI pavitra kamAra jI dagar3a evaM saha saciva zrI dilIpa siMha jI nAhaTA ne mahatvapUrNa sahayoga diyA / isa kArya kI pUrNatA titthayara kI saMpAdikA zrImatI latA botharA ke athaka parizrama evaM sahayoga ke binA asaMbhava thI / isa pUrI pariyojanA ke pIche unakI sArthaka parikalpanA kA bhI mahatvapUrNa hAtha rahA hai / unake isa yogadAna ke liye maiM unakA AbhArI huuN| para AbhAra prakaTa karane ke sthAna para unako AzIrvAda detA hU~ ki ve apane nirdiSTa kArya meM sadA saphala hokara patrikA kA nAma ujjavala kreN| isa prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM jitane niyama ati saMkSipta ho sakate the utane hI diye gaye haiM / AzA hai ye kitAba par3ha karake prAkRta jijJAsu loga bahuta hI lAbhAnvita hoMge / iti zrI satyaraMjana banarjI For Private and Personal Use Only

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viSaya sUcI dhvani tattva 1. prAkRta varNamAlA aura usakI uccAraNa rIti / anasvAra, ananAsika aura visarga / 3. dhvani parivartana ke niyama / 4. ya-zruti / 5. saMdhi / 6. saMyukta varNa ke niyama / rUpatattva 7. vizeSya (vacana, liMga, kAraka, kAraka-vibhakti, zabda rUpa) / 8. vizeSaNa (tara, tama ityAdi aura saMkhyAvAcaka) / sarvanAma (asmad, yuSmad, tad, idam, etad yad, adas, kima, sarva) / kriyA (dhAtu, puruSa, vacana, vAcya, kriyA kA bhAva- (nirdezaka, vidhyarthaka, anujJAjJApaka, kriyAtipatti), kAla- (vartamAna, bhUta, bhaviSyat), tumarthaka, zatR-zAnac, asamApikA kriyA (tvA) / 11. kriyA vizeSaNa / 12. ananvayI (upasarga) / 13. saMyojaka / 14. antarbhAvArthaka (manobhAva prakAzaka zabda) / For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA dhvani tattva (Phonology) makhabandha prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti kA svarUpa tIna bhASA meM hai / ina tInoM bhASAoM kA nAma hai - saMskRta, pAli aura prAkRta / saMskRta bhASA meM mUlataH hindu zAstra kI paramparA kI khoja milatI hai / pAli bhASA meM bauddha dharma aura darzana kA svarUpa milatA hai / prAkRta bhASA meM jaina dharma aura saMskRti kA eka paricaya hai / prAcIna bhArata ke lie ina tInoM bhASAoM kI upayogitA hai / prAkRta sAhitya ati vizAla hai / prAkRta eka sAdhAraNa nAma hai / isa bhASA meM mAhArASTrI, zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI aura apabhraMza bhASA hai / uparyukta bhASA ko chor3akara aura bhI eka bhASA hai jisakA nAma hai ardhamAgadhI / ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM jaina Agama zAstra likhA huA hai / kintu prAkRta bhASA kA eka sAdhAraNa rUpa hai jo ki hara upabhASA meM bhI dikhAyA jAtA hai / isalie hama loga kevala prAkRta bhASA kA sAdhAraNa rUpa dekhate haiM / vizeSa rUpa kevala vahI hai jo sAdhAraNa rUpa meM milatA nahIM hai / isa taraha kacha rUpa aura vizeSatAe~ prAkRta upabhASA meM milate haiM / nIce hama loga kevala prAkRta bhApA kA sAdhAraNa rUpa dekheMge jo saba upabhApAoM meM bhI milatA hai| 1. prAkRta bhASA kI varNamAlA prAkRta meM nimnalikhita varNamAlA haisvaravarNa : a A i I u U e o For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA vyaMjanavarNa : ka kha ga gha Ga ca cha ja jha Ja Ta Tha Da Dha Na ta tha da dha na pa pha ba bha ma ya ra la va sa ha / vizeSa dRSTi meM mAgadhI prAkRta meM tAlavya za hai / uccAraNarIti : prAkRta varNamAlA kA uccAraNa sambhavatayA saMskRta bhASA kI taraha hotA hai / isalie hama loga isake uccAraNa ke bAre meM sAdhAraNatayA jyAdA nahIM jAnate / lekina bIca meM agara kisI kA uccAraNa saMskRta se bhinna hogA to vaha tattat sthala para kahUMgA / tathApi nimnalikhita viSaya para dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai 1. prAkRta meM R R lU lU nahIM hotA hai / isake sthala para a i u ri hotA hai / sAdhAraNatayA R ke sthala para a hotA hai / i aura u vizeSavizeSa zabdoM meM hote haiM / kisa niyama se ye saba parivartana hotA hai, ye batAnA kAphI mazkila hai| lekina paramparA se yahI milatA hai ki oSThayavarNa ke sAtha jaba R kA saMyoga hotA hai taba u honA jarUrI hai / yathA Rpa bha> prAH vusaha/usaha hotA hai| kintu mRta>prAH maa hotA hai / isa taraha sabhI jagaha para hogaa| 2. prAkRta meM ai au nahIM hotA hai / usakI jagaha para e aura o hotA hai| 3. prAkRta meM Adi meM na hotA hai|ya ke sthala para bhI ja hotA hai / yathA yadi prA. meM jai hotA hai| kinta mAgadhI prAkRta meM sabhI jagaha para ya hotA hai / mAgadhI meM kabhI bhI ja nahIM hotA hai / 4. prAkRta meM sarvatra mUrdhanya Na hotA hai / cAhe saMyakta se yA asaMyakta ho, sarvatra mUrdhanya hotA hai / lekina ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM Adi meM aura saMyakta meM dantya na hotA hai / yathA rAjJA prAkRta meM raNNA, ardhamAgadhI meM rannA For Private and Personal Use Only

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anusvAra, anunAsika aura visarga I hotA hai / vizeSa upabhASA meM kucha-kucha vizeSatA hai / vaha bhI batAne kI jarUrata nahIM hai / 9 5. prAkRta meM tAlavya za mardhaNya Sa nahIM hotA hai / kevala dantya sa hotA hai / kintu mAgadhI prAkRta meM kevala za hotA hai / yathA manuSya prA. maNussa mAgadhI meM maNuzza / 1 6. prAkRta meM bhinna vargIya varNoM kA saMyukta varNa nahIM hotA haiM / isakA matalaba yahI hai ki eka hI varNa ke sAtha saMyukta varNa hotA hai / jaise ka kA ka kha ityAdi rUpa se saMyukta varNa hotA hai / kintu saMskRta meM ka ke sAtha jaise takAta saMyukta hotA hai vaisA prAkRta meM kabhI nahIM hotA hai / sabhI jagaha para isa taraha kA adhyayana honA cAhie / 1 7. prAkRta meM visarga nahIM hotA hai / usakI jagaha para do taraha kA rUpa milatA hai / yadi antima meM akArAnta zabda ke sthAna para aura zabda ke bAda visarga hotA hai to usa visarga ke sthala para o hotA hai / jaise- sarvataH prAkRta meM savvao hotA hai / agara visarga ke bAda koI varNa hotA hai to usakA dvitva ho jAtA hai / jaise duHkha prAkRta meM dukkha hotA hai / 8. prAkRta meM m ke sthala para anusvAra hotA hai| cAhe vaha vAkya zeSa ho aura zlokAvazeSa ho usake Upara eka dRSTi DAlanA Avazyaka hai / 9. paMcama nAsikya varNa ke sAtha kisI varNa kA saMyukta akSara yadi ho taba vahI nAsikya varNa ke sthala para anusvAra hotA hai / jaise - vaMkima / kintu kabhI-kabhAra kisI vyAkaraNa meM paMcama nAsikya varNa kI bhI upasthiti hotI hai / usI ke anusAra vaGkima bhI calatA hai / lekina khAsa prAkRta meM aisA honA ThIka nahIM hai / prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM yadyapi isake bAre meM donoM rUpa ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai taba bhI anusvAra likhanA hI ucita hai / 10. Upara meM ullikhita niyamAvalI prAkRta bhASA sIkhane ke lie kAphI jarUrI hai / vizeSa - vizeSa upabhASA meM isakA kucha vyatikrama dikhAyA jAtA hai / lekina vaha tattat sthala para batAnA ucita hogA / For Private and Personal Use Only 2. anusvAra, anunAsika aura visarga prAkRta meM anusvAra, anunAsika aura visarga ke prayoga ke viSaya meM kucha vizeSatAe~ haiM / sAdhAraNatayA jaise saMskRta meM hote haiM prAkRta meM aisA nahIM hai /

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 10 www.kobatirth.org prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir anusvAra prAkRta ' meM zabda ke anta kA "m" anusvAra hotA hai arthAt sarvam prA. savvaM hotA hai | cAhe vAkya ke anta meM aura pada ke prathama caraNa ke anta meM "m" ke sthAna para kevala anusvAra hI hotA hai / kintu m ke bAda jaba svara varNa hotA hai taba m usI varNa svara ke sAtha jur3a jAtA hai / parantu yahAM para bhI anusvAra ho sakatA hai arthAt "m" ke sthAna para anusvAra bhI hotA hai, isakA artha m ke bAda prAkRta meM do taraha kA rUpa hotA hai / 1. "m" ke sthAna para cAhe svara varNa aura vyaMjana varNa ho anusvAra hI hotA hai / jaise ki savvaM ahaM karemi arthAt savvaM ke bAda yadyapi aham zabda hai taba bhI savvaM anusvAra hogA / 2. kabhI kabhI "m" ke bAda agara svara varNa ho to o " m" svara ke sAtha jur3a jAtA haiM / arthAt savvaM " m" ahaM karemi isakA rUpa prAkRta meM savvamahaM karemi ho sakatA hai / 3. varga kA jo paMcama nAsikya varNa hotA hai usake sthAna para bhI anusvAra hotA hai arthAt zabda ke bIca meM jaba vargIya nAsikya varNa hotA hai taba usake sthAna para bhI anusvAra hotA hai / vargIya paMcama nAsikya varNa ye hai- G, Ja, N, n, m / yathA paMka, saMkha, aMgaNa laMghaNa, kaMcae, laMhaNa, aMjIai, kaMTao, ukkaMThA, kaMDa, saMDho, aMtaraM, paMtho, caMdo, baMdhavo, kaMpai, vaMphai kalaMbo, AraMbho ityAdi / ina sabhI sthAnoM para varga kA paMcama nAsikya varNa ho sakatA hai / arthAta paGka, kaJcaa, kaNTaa antara sampara ityAdi / prAkRta vyAkaraNoM ne vargIya nAsikya varga ke viSaya meM vikalpa vidhi dI hai / arthAt do taraha kA varNa hama logoM ke samakSa upasthita hotA hai, taba bhI yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki prAkRta meM kevala anusvAra honA hI acchA hai / vastutaH yahI hai ki jahAM vargIya nAsikya varNa hotA hai vahAM hama loga aisA samajheMge ki usa varNana para saMskRta kA prabhAva jyAdA hai / isalie paGka, kaJcaa, kaNThaa, antara sampara prAkRta meM A ge| lekina vAstava meM ina sabhI ke sthAnoM para kevala anusvAra hI honA cAhie / 7 kucha zabda aise haiM jisake sAtha anasvAra hone ke bAda dIrgha svara varNa kA hrasva ho jAtA hai / jaise ki mAlA - mAlaM, naI-naI bahU - bahuM, ityAdi / anusvAra ke viSaya meM kevala itanA hI samajhanA ucita hai ki vargIya paMcama nAsikya varNa aura m ke bAda sabhI jagaha para anusvAra honA hI ThIka hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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visarga anunAsika varNa prAkRta meM anunAsika varNa jyAdA nahIM hotA hai / vargIya paMcama varNa tathA "m" hI kevala anunAsika varNa ke rUpa meM pracalita ho sakatA hai / isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki jahAM hama loga ananAsika varNa dekheMge vahAM hama loga vargIya nAsikya varNa kI upalabdhi kareMge / kisI varNa ke sAtha isa taraha nAsikya varNa ke sthAna para ananAsika varNa A gayA jaise yamanA-jau~NA, cAmaNDA-cAu~NDA, kAmaka-kAu~o, atimaktaka-aNiu~taya ityAdi / kevala zabda meM hI nahIM koI vibhakti meM bhI nAsikya varNa ke sthAna para ananAsika varNa hotA hai / jaise- hi, hiM, hiN|| - prAkRta meM nAsikya varNa kA prayoga jyAdA nahIM hotA hai isalie jyAdA zabda bhI nahIM milate haiM / lekina apabhraMza meM jyAdA nAsikya dhvani milatI haiM / jaise aggie~ uNhau hoi jagu vAe~ sIala teva~ / jo puNu aggiM sIalA tasu uNhattaNu keva~ / visarga prAkRta meM visarga kabhI nahIM hotA hai / arthAt visarga kA prAkRta meM lopa hotA hai / visarga kI do taraha kI pratikriyA hotI hai 1. jaba akArAnta zabda ke bAda visarga hotA hai to visarga ke sthAna para o hotA hai / jaise sarvataH prAkRta meM sabao hotA hai / naraH > Naro, prAyaH > pAo ityAdi / 2. agara zabda ke bIca meM visarga hotA hai to visarga ke sthAna para jisa zabda ke pUrva visarga hai usakA dvitva ho jAtA hai arthAt vaha varNa pana: A jAtA hai / jaise daHkha / kha ke pUrva visarga hai isalie visarga ke sthala para kha kA Agama athavA kha kA dvitva hotA hai / arthAt daHkha zabda prAkRta meM dakkha hotA hai / prAkRta meM do mahAprANa varNa kA saMyukta varNa nahIM hotA hai / isalie eka varNa kA alpaprANa hogA kyoMki do mahAprANa varNa sAtha-sAtha uccAraNa karane meM kaThinAI hotI hai / isalie eka varNa alpaprANa ho jAtA hai / sAdhAraNatayA prathama jo mahAprANa varNa hotA hai usakA hI alpaprANa ho jAtA hai / ataeva duHkha prAkRta meM dukkha hotA hai / yaha niyama prAkRta meM sabhI saMyukta varNa para lAgU hotA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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12 prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA kabhI aisA lagatA hai ki kucha vibhaktiyAM aisI haiM ki o saMskRta kA tas ( = taH ) pratyaya se AyA huA hai / jaise vacchAo vAstava meM saMskRta vRkSata: rUpa se AyA hai / isalie paMcamI kI eka vibhakti hai okArAnta / jaise vacchAo / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 3. dhvani - parivartana prAkRta meM dhvani kA parivartana do taraha hotA hai / (1) svara kA (2) vyaMjana kA / svara meM kucha sthaloM para hrasva ke sthAna para dIrgha aura dIrgha ke sthAna para hrasva hotA hai / vyaMjana meM bhI kucha-kucha vyaMjana-dhvani kA lopa hotA hai / kucha-kucha vyaMjana dhvani kA parivartana bhI hotA hai / isa viSaya meM kucha niyama sUtra rUpa meM varNita haiM I : (ka) svara varNa kA parivartana 1. prAkRta meM saMyukta varNa kA pUrva varNa hrasva hotA hai arthAt saMyukta varNa pUrva akSara dIrgha arthAt A, I, U, hotA hai taba a, i, u, ho jAtA hai / (ka) A-a-Amram - ambaM, yathA- tAmram-tambaM ( kha ) I - i - munIndraH muNindo, tIrtham - tirthaM ( ga ) U - u - cUrNa: cuNNo, Urmi - ummi 2. yadi saMyukta varNa kA pUrva varNa e va o hotA hai taba e va o kA hrasva rUpa i va u hotA hai arthAt narendraH- narindo, mlecchaH- miliccho / adharoSThaH-aharuTTho, nIlotpalam - nIluppalaM / 3. yadi saMyukta varNa kA pUrva e va o hotA hai taba usI e va o ko hamaloga hrasva mAneMge arthAt saMyukta varNa ke pUrva e va o hrasva ho jAte haiM / jaise grAhyaM-gejjhaM, piNDaM-peMDaM, tuNDa-toMDaM, puSkara-pokkhara / ina sabhI udAharaNoM meM yadyapi e, o likhA gayA hai, para ye e, o hrasva hai / vastutaH e, o dIrgha hai lekina saMyukta varNa ke sAtha rahane ke kAraNa ye hasva ho gae haiM / 4. prAkRta meM saMyukta varNa meM eka kA lopa hone para pUrva svara dIrgha ho jAtA hai / yathA- pazyati parasai > pAsai, kazyapaH > kassavo > kAsavo, vizrAmaH > vissAmo> vIsAmo, mizram > missaM mI, azvaH > asso > Aso, vizvAsaH > vissAso> vIsAso, ziSyaH > sisso > sIso ityAdi / 5. (ka) R varNa kA prAkRta meM a, i, u aura ri hotA hai / yatha R>a| ghRtam-ghayaM, tRNam-taNaM, kRtam - kathaM, vRSabhaH- vasaho, mRgaH-mao ityAdi / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vyaMjana kA niyama R > i / kRpA-kivA, hRdayam-hiyayaM, bhRGgAraH - bhiMgAro, zrRgAlaH- siAlo ityAdi / R > u / RtuH-uU, pRSTha: - puTTho, pRthivI - puhaI, vRtAntaH- vuttanto, vRndaM daM ityAdi / 13 RR > ri / RddhiH - riddhi, RkSa:- riccho, RSiH - risI Adi / niyama / (kha) kabhI - kabhI RR ke sthAna para A, e, aura Dhi bhI hotA hai / yaha bahuta se zabdoM para lAgU nahIM hai / lekina kucha zabdoM para isakA prabhAva hai / yathA- kRzA - kAsA mRdukaM - mAukkaM, mRdutvaM- mAukkaM gRhaM gehaM AdRtaADhio / , 1 ( ga ) saMskRta kA RkArAnta zabda prAkRta meM tIna prakAra kA hotA hai / ara, Ara aura u / saMskRta pitR zabda prAkRta meM piara aura piu hotA hai / 6. prAkRta meM ai aura au ke sthAna para e va o hotA hai / yathA-zaila:selo, trailokyaM-telokkaM, kailAzaH- kelAso, kaumudI - komuI, yauvanaM - jauvvaNaM, kauzAmbI - kosambI / (kha) vyaMjana kA niyama 7. pada ke madhya sthita athavA anAdi aura asaMyukta ka-ga-ca-ja-ta-dapa-ya-va prAkRta meM prAyazaH lopa hotA hai / yathA - ( ka ) - tIrthakara : titthayaro, lokaH- loo, zakaTaM-saaDaM / (ga) nagaH-nao, nagaraM nayaraM, mRgAMka:- mayaMko / (ca) zacI - saI, kAcagRha:- kayaggaho, (ja) rajataM - rayayaM prajApatiH - payAvaI, gajaH- gao / (ta) vitAnaM - viANaM, rasAtalaM- rasAalaM, jAti:- jAI / (da) gadA-gayA, madanaH-mayaNo / (pa) ripuH- riU, supuruSaH- suuriso, (ya) dayAluHdaAlU, dayAlU, nayanaM-naaNaM- nayaNaM / (va) lAvaNyam-lAyaNNaM vibudhaH- viuho, vaDavAnalaH-valayANalo / 8. pada ke madhyasthita athavA anAdi aura asaMyukta kha-gha-tha-dha-bha prAkRta meM ha hotA hai / yathA - (kha) zAkhA- sAhA, mukham - muhaM, mekhalA - mehalA, likhatilihai (dha) megha:- meho, jaghanam - jahaNaM, mAgha : - mAho, (tha) nAtha:-nAho, mithunam - mihuNaM, kathayati - kahei / (dha) sAdhu :- sAhU, bAdhaH-vAho, badhiraHbahiro (pha) muktAphalam-muktAhalaM / (bha) nabha: - nahaM, svabhAvaH-sahAvo, zobhatesohai | For Private and Personal Use Only 9. pada ke madhyasthita athavA anAdi aura asaMyukta 'Ta' ko 'Da' ho jAtA hai / yathA - naTaH-naDo, bhaTaH-bhaDo, ghaTa:- ghaDo, ghaTate- ghaDai /

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 14 www.kobatirth.org prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 10. pada ke madhyasthita athavA anAdi aura asaMyukta "Tha" ko "Dha" ho jAtA hai / yathA - maTha:- maDho, zaThaH- saDho, kamaTha: - kamaDho, kuThAraH- kuDhAro, paThati paDhai / 11. prAkRta meM pada ke madhyasthita athavA Adi asaMyukta dantya "na" mUrdhanya "Na" ho jAtA hai / yathA - naraH - Naro, nadI - NaI, nayati- i, kanakamkaNayaM / ka) yadi Adi meM dantya "na" ho to vahI dantya "na" vaise hI raha sakatA hai arthAt Adi meM dantya "na" ho sakatA hai / isalie nadI-naI, 1 I, bhI ho sakatA hai / mantavya : vastutaH prAkRta meM Adi aura anAdi, saMyukta jaise sthaloM para mUrdhanya "Na" hotA hai / ataeva prAkRta meM sabhI sthAnoM para mUrdhanya kA hI prayoga karanA cAhie / kintu hemacandrAcArya ke vyAkaraNa meM likhA hai ki Adi dantya "na" prAkRta meM ho sakatA hai / kintu anyAnya vyAkaraNa meM likhA hai ki Adi aura anAdi, saMyukta aura asaMyukta sabhI sthaloM para mUrdhanya "Na" honA cAhie | hemacandrAcArya dvArA jo kahA gayA, usake pIche aitihAsika vizeSatA hai / vastutaH ardha-mAgadhI bhASA meM Adi sthita dantya "na" ho sakatA hai / isI ke sAhitya kA prabhAva prAkRta bhASA para bhI A gayA / isalie sambhavataH hemacandrAcArya ne aisA niyama banAyA hai / 12. prAkRta meM Adi ya ko ja hotA hai / yathA - yaza:- jaso, yama:jamo, yAti - jAi / 13. prAkRta meM tAlavya "za" mUrdhanya " Sa" ke sthAna para dantya "sa" hotA hai / yathA-zabdaH- saddo, daza-daMsa, zobhate sohai, kaSAyaH-kasAo, kintu mAgadhI prAkRta meM dantya "sa" ke sthAna para tAlavya "za" hotA hai / yathA manuSyaH- maNuzzo, puruSaH - pulizo | 4. ya-zruti prAkRta meM ya-zruti hotI hai / ya-zruti kI utpati kisI vyaMjana varNa ke lopa ke kAraNa se hotI hai / saMskRta ke AdhAra para hama loga jaba vicAra karate haiM taba dekhate haiM ki koI vyaMjana varNa jaba anAdi avasthA meM hotA hai taba usakA kabhI lopa hotA hai kabhI nahIM bhI hotA hai / jaba lopa For Private and Personal Use Only

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ya-zruti 15 hotA hai taba lopa ke sthAna para jo svara hai usa svara kA avasthAna hotA haiM / arthAt raha jAtA hai / jaise kAka arthAt k + A + k + a isa zabda meM jo dvitIya k hai vaha anAdi k hai / isalie vaha anAdi k prAkRta meM lopa ho jAegA / lopa hone ke bAda jo svara hai arthAt yahAM a hai vaha raha jaaegaa| yahI niyama sAdhAraNatayA sabhI jagaha prAkRta meM hai| kauna se anAdi varNa kA lopa hotA hai prAkRta meM isake bAre meM hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa ke anusAra saba anAdi ka, ga, ca, ja, ta, da, pa, ya, va, (kaga-ca-ja-ta-da-pa-ya-vAM prAyo lak 1.177) arthAt isa varNa kA lopa hotA hai / yathA- kAka-kAa, tIrthakara-tItthaara, loka-loa, naga-Naa, nagara-Naara, kAcagRha-kAaggaha, gaja-gaya, vitAna-viANa, yadi-jai, madana-maaNa, ripariu, dayAlu-daAlu, vibudha-viuha ityAdi / jaba anAdi ka, ga, ca, ja ityAdi lopa hote haiM taba jisa svara kA avasthAna hotA hai vahI svara raha jAyegA / kinta hemacandra ne batAyA ki jaba a aura A ke bAda jaba a rahegA taba a kA uccAraNa ya ke jaisA hogA / arthAt uparyakta udAharaNa aisA bhI ho sakatA hai / yathA- kAya, titthayara, loya, Naya, Nayara, kAyaggaha, gaya, viyANa, mayaNa ityAdi / ___ikArAnta aura ukArAnta zabda ke sthAna para a hai to vahI a ya nahIM likhA jAtA hai / yadyapi kabhI-kabhI ikArAnta aura ukArAnta zabda ke sthAna para bhI ya AtA hai, vaha ya vikalpa rUpa se koI-koI paNDita loga mAna lete haiM / vastataH ikArAnta aura ukArAnta zabda ke sAtha ya honA nahIM caahie| agara hotA hai to vizeSa vidhi se mAna lete haiM / saba hI prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke sthAna para ya-zruti mAnI nahIM jAtI hai / ataH ya-zrati hama loga jo dekhate haiM vaha makhyataH ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM hotI hai / arthAt vahI bhASA meM naara jaba likhate haiM vahI naara ardhamAgadhI meM nayara rUpa se hotA hai / isakA tAtparya yahI hai ya likhanA zrati kA kAraNa hai arthAt a aura A ke bAda hama loga jaba par3hate haiM aura bolate haiM taba ya kI bhA~ti eka dhvani A jAtI hai / usI ko hI hama loga ya-zruti kahate haiM / mukhyataH ya-zruti likhane kI nahIM hai sunane kI hai / hama yahI to sunate hai / vahI jaba likhate haiM taba ya dekara ke likhate haiM / ardhamAgadhI meM isalie isa zrati kA prabhAva jyAdA se jyAdA hotA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 16 prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA ya-zruti ke viSaya meM kevala yahI kahanA hai ki uparyukta jo varNa hai usakA lopa hone kI bAda jo svara dhvani raha jAtI hai vahIM svara dhvani rahana cAhie / yo yaha dhvani lagAnA sunane ke kAraNa se hotI hai / zAyada ardhamAgadhI mahAvIra ke samaya meM kathya bhASA ke rUpa meM thI, isalie ardhamAgadhI meM sabase jyAdA isa zruti kA prayoga hotA hai / ya-zruti kA yahI niSkarSa hai / 5. saMdhi saMdhi prAkRta meM bahuta sarala hai / saMskRta kI taraha aisI jaTila nahIM hai / saMskRta saMdhi ke bahuta niyama prAkRta meM nahIM calate haiM / prAkRta meM saMdhi ke niyama nimnalikhita prakAra se haiM / 1. hrasva aura dIrgha svara tathA dIrgha aura hrasva svara milakara eka goSThIya dIrgha svara hote haiM / arthAt a + a / a + A athavA A + A / A + a-A hotA hai / i + i / i + I athavA I + i / I + I = I hotI hai / u + u / u + U athavA U + u / U + U U hotA hai / udAharaNa ke taura para - deva + Alaya = devAlaya / cakka + Aa = cakkAa / isi + isi isIsi | su + urisa = sUrisa | 2. prAkRta meM a / A + i / I aura a / A + u / U donoM milakara kramazaH e aura o hote haiM / jaise- dina + Isa = dinesa, puhavI + Isa puhavIsa, anta + uvari antovari / = For Private and Personal Use Only = 2. ka ) kintu jaba ekAra aura okAra ke bAda saMyukta varNa rahatA hai, taba ekAra ke sthAna para "i" aura okAra ke sthAna para "u" hotA hai / yathA- daNua + iMda= daNueMda, daNu-iMda | gaha + ullihaNa = NahollihaNa, hulihaNa | mantavya : ekAra aura okAra kA hrasva rUpa ikAra aura ukAra hotA hai| isalie saMyukta varNa ke pahile ekAra aura okAra kramazaH ikAra aura ukAra ho gayA / agara saMyukta varNa ke pahile ekAra aura okAra raheMge taba vahI ekAra aura okAra ke hrasva mAne jAte haiM arthAt vahI e va o kA hama loga prAkRta meM hrasva mAnate haiM / yathA- piMDa peMDa, tuMDa-toMr3a / ye e aura o prAkRta meM hrasva haiM / yadyapi e aura o kA vAstavika rUpa dIrgha hI hai /

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saMyukta varNa ke niyama 17 3. prAkRta meM saMdhi kA niSedha do bhinna svaroM kI saMdhi prAkRta meM nahIM hotI hai / arthAt I + a / A, i / I + u / U aura u / U + i / I, u / U + e / o isa taraha kI saMdhi prAkRta meM nahIM hotI hai / yathA- daNuiMda, vahaAi, aho accharia, saJjhAvahu-avaUdA ityAdi / 4. vikalpa se saMdhi eka pada ke anta aura dUsarA pada ke prArambha meM jo svara varNa haiM ve svara varNa eka nambara niyama ke anasAra hoM taba vikalpa se saMdhi ho sakatI hai / yathA- vAsa + isi = vAsesi, athavA vAsaisi / visama + Ayavo = visamAyavo athavA visamaAyavo / dahi + Isaro= dahIsaro athavA dahiIsaro, sAu + uayaM = sAUayaM athavA sAuuayAM / 5. zabda ke bIca meM yadi koI vyaMjana varNa kA lopa ho to usake bAda jo svara raha jAtA hai usa svara ke sAtha usI pada meM jo dUsarA svaravarNa hai usakI saMdhi vikalpa se kadAcit dekhI jAtI hai / yathA- sa + uriso = sUriso / isa taraha saMdhi prAkRta meM ucita nahIM hai / lekina kabhI-kabhI hotI hai| 6. kriyA meM vyaMjana ke lopa ke kAraNa se jo svara raha jAtA hai usake sAtha paravartI svara kI saMdhi nahIM hotI hai| vastutaH prAkRta meM do svara varNa kA avasthAna pAsa-pAsa ho to taba bhI usako saMdhi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai / isalie prAkRta meM saMdhi ke sabhI niyama vastutaH vikalpa se haiM / 6. saMyakta varNa ke niyama prAkRta meM do visadRza vyaMjana varNa kabhI saMyukta nahIM hote haiM / kevala apane-apane vargoM ke sAtha sandhi ho sakatI hai arthAta eka hI varga ke sAtha eka hI varga kI sandhi aura sa sa, la la, ya ya ke sAtha bhI saMdhi ho sakatI hai| saMskRta meM bhinna varga kI saMdhi ho sakatI hai para isa prakAra se prAkRta meM saMdhi nahIM hotI hai / isa viSaya meM kacha niyama isa prakAra hai For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA F 0 ka) saMyakta varNa kA pahalA varNa jaba ka-ga-Ta-Da-ta-da-pa-za-Sa-sa hotA hai to unakA lopa hotA hai / yathA ka- bhUktama-bhUttaM, siktam-sitthaM ga- dugdham-duddhaM, mugdham-muddhaM Ta- SaTpadaH-chappao, kaTphalam-kapphalaM Da- khagaH- khaggo, SaDjaH- sajo / ta- utpalam-uppalaM, utpAdaH- uppAo da- madguH - maggU, mudgaraH - moggaro pa- suptaH - sutto, guptaH - gutto za- zlakSNam-laNhaM, nizcala:- Niccalo Sa- goSThI-goTThI, SaSThaH-chaThTho, niSThuraH-niThuro sa- skhalitaH - khalio, snehaH - neho :- duHkham -dukkhaM, aMtaHpAtaH- aMtappAo kha) prAkRta meM saMyukta varNa jaba, ba, la, va, ra hotA hai taba usakA lopa ho jAtA hai / yathA ba- zabdaH- saddo, abdaH - addo, labdhakaH - loddho|| la- ulkA-ukkA, valkalam-vakkalaM, viklavaH - vikkao / va- pakvam-pikkaM, dhvastaH - dhattho / ra- arkaH - akko, varga:- vaggo, rAtriH - rattI / ga) prAkRta meM saMyukta varNa kA dvitIya varNa jaba, ma, na, ya hotA hai taba ma, na, ya kA lopa ho jAtA hai / yathA ma-yugmam-juggaM, razmiH - rassI, smaraH - saro / na- nagnaH - naggo, lagnaH- laggo / ya- zyAmaH - sAmA, kaDyam-kahuM / gha) prAkRta meM saMyukta varNa kA eka varNa lopa hone para jo zeSa hai usakA dvitva hotA hai / paranta Adi meM jaba koI lopa hogA taba usakA dvitva nahIM hotA hai / yathA- kSamA-khamA, skandhaH - khandho / Ga) prAkRta meM do mahAprANa varNa kha, gha, cha, jha, Tha, Dha, tha, dha, pha, bha kA saMyakta varNa nahIM hotA hai / usameM prathama mahAprANa varNa alpaprANa hotA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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rUpa-tattva 19 yathA- akSama:-akhkhamo-akkhamo, aisA sarvatra hotA hai / ca) prAkRta meM kSma, zma, Sma, sma, hma ko mha hotA hai / yathAkSma- pakSman - pamhAI zma- kuzmAnaH-kumhANo, kazmIrAH-kamhArA / Sma- grISmaH-gimho, USmA-umhA / sma- asmAdRzaH amhAriso, vismayaH-vimhao / hma- brahmA-bamhA, sahmA-samhA, brAhmaNaH - bamhaNo / cha) prAkRta meM zna, SNa, sna, hra, la, kSNa ko Nha hotA hai / yathAzna- praznaH- paNho SNa- viSNuH- viNhU sna- jyotsnA-joNhA hna- vahniH-vaNhI la- pUrvAhnaH-pavaNho kSNa- tIkSNaM-tiNhaM / rUpa-tattva (Morphology) 7. vizeSya : vizeSya kA prAkRta meM savibhakti rUpa hotA hai / jisako hama zabdarUpa kahate haiM / vizeSya kA vacana, liMga, kAraka, vibhakti aura zabdarUpa hotA hai| vacana prAkRta meM kevala do vacana hai- ekavacana aura bahuvacana / saMskRta kA dvivacana prAkRta meM nahIM hotA hai / usakI jagaha para bahavacana hotA hai / (dvivacanasya bahuvacanam (he. 3.130) / liMga sAdhAraNatayA saMskRta ke anusAra prAkRta meM bhI tIna liMga hote haiM / yathA- paliMga, strIliMga, napaMsakaliMga / kinta kucha-kucha aise zabda haiM jisameM saMskRta liMga kA anusaraNa prAkRta meM nahIM hotA hai / jaise saMskRta meM taraNi zabda strIliMga hotA hai kintu prAkRta meM paliMga hotA hai (yathA, esa trnnii)| isa taraha prAvRT zabda saMskRta meM strIliMga hai prAkRta meM puliMga hai (yathA, paauso)| isakA mArgadarzana tattat sthala para dikhAyeMge / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 20 prathamA su dvitIyA am tRtIyA TA caturthI De paMcamI kAraka saMskRta ke anusAra prAkRta meM bhI cha kAraka hai / vizeSatA yahI hai ki sampradAna ke lie kevala SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai / jisa kAraNa se saMskRta meM jo-jo kAraka hotA hai usI DhaMga se prAkRta meM bhI hotA hai / yadyapi saMskRta kI niyamAvalI sarvatra nahIM calatI hai taba bhI hama to use saMskRta niyamAvalI ( Apa yadi jAneMge to usI ) se kAma calA sakate haiM / Gasi www.kobatirth.org prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA kAraka vibhakti prAkRta meM caturthI vibhakti nahIM hotI haiM / isalie prAkRta meM sAta vibhaktiyA~ haiM / caturthI ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti hogI / saMskRta ke anusAra prAkRta meM vibhakti nahIM haiM / prAkRta meM vibhakti kI utpatti saMskRta se alaga hotI hai / prAkRta meM vibhakti kA svarUpa nimnalikhita haiM vibhakti ekavacana SaSThI Gas saptamI Gi sambodhana su o anusvAra (.) Na NaM (NA) mmi - to, o, u, hi, hiMto ssa e, lopa, yA prathamA kI taraha jas zas bhis bhyas 11 sup jas Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bahuvacana vibhakti kA lopa, A e 31 For Private and Personal Use Only - hi, hiM, hiM Am | Na, " to, o, u, hi, hiMto, suMto NaM su, suM prathamA kI taraha zabda rUpa prAkRta meM do taraha ke zabda hote hai :- eka hai svarAnta aura dUsarA hai vyanjanAnta / svarAnta zabda kevala a, A, i, I, u, U ho sakatA hai kyoMki ekArAnta tathA okArAnta zabda prAkRta meM nahIM Ate haiM / isalie kevala akArAnta,

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zabda rUpa AkArAnta, ikArAnta, IkArAnta, ukArAnta tathA UkArAnta zabda hI prAkRta meM milate haiN| prAkRta meM R, R aura la nahIM haiM isalie RkArAnta zabda prAkRta meM ara, Ara aura kabhI-kabhI ukAra bhI hote haiM / prAkRta meM vyaMjanAnta zabda nahIM hotA hai / isalie vyaMjanAnta zabda bhI svarAnta ho jAte haiN| __ zabda paliMga, strIliMga evaM napaMsakaliMga hotA hai| lekina vibhakti prayoga meM una liMgoM kI bhinnatA nahIM pAyI jAtI hai / kevala napaMsakaliMga kI prathamA evaM dvitIyA vibhakti meM alaga vibhaktiyA~ lagatI haiN| aisA strIliMga zabda meM bhI alaga vibhaktiyA~ lagatI haiN| nIce zabda ke zabdarUpa de rahA huuN| akArAnta paliMga zabda kA rUpa vaccha < vRkSa, vatsa ekavacana vaccho vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA tRtIyA vaccha bahavacana vacchA / vacche, vacchA vacchehi, vacchehiM, vacchehi~ vaccheNa-vaccheNaM caturthI paMcamI vacchA, vacchatto, vacchAo vacchAu, vacchAhiM, vacchAhiMto vacchatto, vacchAo vacchAu, vacchehi, vacchAhiMto, vacchehito vacchAsuMto, vacchesuto vacchANa-NaM vacchesa, vacchesaM SaSThI saptamI sambodhana vacchassa vacche, vacchammi vaccha, vacchA, vaccho vacchA For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA vibhakti prathamA ikArAnta puliMga zabda kA rUpa giri ekavacana bahuvacana girI girI, girao, girau, giriNo giri girI, giriNo giriNA girIhi-hiM-hiM dvitIyA tRtIyA caturthI paMcamI SaSThI giriNo, giritto, girIo, girIu, girIhiMto giriNo, girissa girimmi giri, girI giritto, girIo, girIu, girIhiMto, girIsaMto girINa-NaM girIsa-saM giriNo, girao, girau, girI saptamI sambodhana vibhakti prathamA ukArAnta puliMga zabda kA rUpa taru ekavacana bahavacana tarU, taravo, tarao, tarau, tarUNo talaM tarU, tarUNo taruNA tarUhi-hiM-hi~ tarU dvitIyA tRtIyA caturthI paMcamI SaSThI saptamI sambodhana taruNo, tarutto, tarUo, tarUu, tarUhiMto taruNo, tarussa tarummi taru, tarU tarutto, tarUo, taruu tarUhiMto, tarUsaMtoM tarUNa, -NaM tarUsa-saM tarU, taruNo, taravo, tarau, tarao For Private and Personal Use Only

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zabda rUpa vibhakti prathamA AkArAnta strIliMga zabda kA rUpa mAlA ekavacana bahavacana mAlA mAlA, mAlAo, mAlAu mAla mAlA, mAlAo, mAlAu mAlAa, mAlAi, mAlAe| mAlAhi-hiM-hiM dvitIyA tRtIyA catarthI paMcamI paSThI saptamI mAlAa, mAlAi, maalaae| mAlattA, mAlAo, bhAlatto, mAlAo, mAlAu, mAlAhiMto, mAlAu, mAlAhiMto mAlAsaMto mAlAa, mAlAi, maalaae| mAlANa-NaM mAlAa, mAlAi, maalaae| mAlAsa-saM mAle, mAlA mAlA, mAlAo, bhAlAu sambAdhana AkArAnta strIliMga zabda kA rUpa latA vibhakti ekavacana prathamA layA bahavacana layA, layAo, layAu layA, layAo, layAu layAhi-hiM-hi~ layaM layAa, layAi, lyaae| dvitIyA tRtIyA catarthI paMcamI pAThI layAa, layAI, layAe layatto, layAoM, layAu, layAhiMto layAa, layAi, layAe layAa, layAi, lyaae| laye, layA / layatto, layAo, layAu, layAhiMto-layA to layANa-NaM layAsu-suM layA, layAo, layAu saptamI sambodhana For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 24 vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA tRtIyA caturthI paMcamI SaSThI saptamI sambodhana vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA tRtIyA catarthI 6 paMcamI SaSThI saptamI sambodhana www.kobatirth.org prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA ikArAnta strIliMga zabda kA rUpa baddhi ekavacana buddhI buddhiM buddhIa, buddhI, buddhIi baddhie buddhIa, buddhI, buddhIi, buddhIe, buddhIu, buddhIo, buddhitto, buddhIhiMto ekavacana Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir buddhIa-A-i-e buddhIa-A-i-e buddhi, buddhI IkArAnta strIliMga zabda kA rUpa naI, naI, naIo, naitto, naI, naIu-hiMtoM naIa, A-i-e naIa, A-i-e naI, naI bahuvacana buddhI, buddhIo, buddhIu buddhI, buddhIo, bIu buddhIhi-hiM-hiM For Private and Personal Use Only buddhitto, buddhIo, buddhIu, buddhirhito to buddhINa buddhIsu-suM buddhI, buddhio, buddhIu naI naI naI, naI, naIi, naIe naIhi - hiM- hiM bahuvacana naI, naIo, naIu naI, naIo, naIu naitto, naIou-hiMto-saMto naINaNaM naIsa saM naI, naIo, naIu

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA tRtIyA catarthI 7 paMcamI SaSThI saptamI sambodhana vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA tRtIyA catarthI 9 paMcamI SaSThI saptamI sambodhana dheNU dheNaM www.kobatirth.org ukArAnta strIliMga zabda kA rUpa dhe zabda rUpa ekavacana dheNU, dheNuA, dheNUi, dheNUe dheNa, dheNU dheNUa, dheNUA, dheNUi, dheNU, dheNUo, dheNatto, hito dheNUa-A-i-e a-A-i-e vahU vahaM ekavacana Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir UkArAnta strIliMga zabda kA rUpa vahU vahUa, vahUA, vahUi, bahue, bahuo, bahutto, vahUhiMto vahUa-A-i-e vahUa-A-i-e vahu, vahU bahuvacana dheNU, dheNUo, dheNUu dheNU, dheNUo, dheNUu hi- hiM-hiM gheNatto, dheNUo, dheNUu For Private and Personal Use Only gheNUrhito, dheNUsaMto dheNUNa - NaM dheNUsa-saM dheNU, dheNUo, dheNUu vahUa, vahUA, vahUi, vahUe vahUhi - hiM- hi~ bahuvacana vahU, vahUo, bahUu vahU, vahUo, vahuu hU bahusu-suM vahU, bahUo, vahUu 25 vahatto, bahUo, bahUu, bahUhiMto bahUsaMto

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prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA vibhakti prathamA kacha zabda kA vizeSa rUpa piu, piara zabda ekavacana bahavacana piA, piaro piarA, piavo, piao, piau, piuNo, piU piaraM piare, piarA, piuNo, piU piareNa-NaM, piuNA piarehi-hiM-hi~, piUhi-hiM-hiM dvitIyA tRtIyA catarthI paMcamI piaratto, piarAo, piaratto, piarAo, piarAu, piarAhi-hiMto, piarAu, piarAhi, piarA, piuNo, piutto, | piarehi, piarAhiMto piUo, piUu, piarehiMto, piUhiMto, piU piarAsaMto, piaresaMto piarassa, piuNo, piussa piarANa-NaM, piUNa-NaM piare, piarammi piyaresu-saM, piUsa-suM piara, piaro, piarA, | piarA, piuNo, piU piaraM, pia, piu, piU SaSThI saptamI sambodhana vibhakti bhattAra zabda ekavacana | bhattAro bhattAraM prathamA dvitIyA bahuvacana bhattArA, bhattU, bhattuNo bhattArA, bhattAre, bhattU, bhattaNo bhattArehi-hiM-hiM, bhattUhi-hiM-hi~ tRtIyA bhattAreNa-NaM, bhattuNA For Private and Personal Use Only

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zabda rUpa 27 ekavacana bahavacana vibhakti catarthI paMcamI bhattArA, bhattAratto, bhattAratto, bhattArao, bhattArao, bhattArau, bhattArau, bhattArAhi, bhattArahito, bhattArAhi, bhattArAhi, bhattArahiMto bhattuNo, bhattutto, bhattUo, | bhattArehito, bhattArasuto bhattUu, bhattUhiMto, bhattU / bhattAresuMto, bhatutto, bhattUo, bhattUu, bhattUhiMto, bhattUsaMto bhattArassa, bhattuNo, bhattussa | bhattArANa-NaM, bhattUNa-NaM bhattAre, bhattArammi, bhattummi bhattAresu-suM, bhattUsu-suM bhattAra, bhattAro, bhattArA, | bhattArA,bhattU, bhattuNoM bhattu, bhattU SaSThI saptamI sambodhana rAjan-rAya vibhakti ekavacana prathamA rAyA dvitIyA rAyaM, rAiNaM bahuvacana rAyA, rAyANo, rAiNo rAye, rAyA, rAyANo, rAiNo rAeDi-hiM-hi~, rAIhi-hiM-hi~ tRtIyA rAiNA, raNNA, rAeNa-NaM caturthI paMcamI SaSThI saptamI raNNo, rAiNo, rAyatto / raNNo, rAiNo, rAyassa / rAye, rAyammi, rAimmi rAyA, rAya rAyatto, rAitto rAINa-NaM, rAyANa-NaM rAIsu-suM, rAesu-su rAyA, rAyANo, rAiNo sambodhana For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 28 vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA tRtIyA caturthI paMcamI SaSThI saptamI sambodhana www.kobatirth.org prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA Atman - appA, attA ekavacana attA, appA, appANo attaM, appaM, appANaM attaNA, appaNA, attaNeNa, appANeNa attA, attAo, attAu, appA, appANAhi, appAo, appAu, appAhi appANA, appANAo, appANAu attassa, attaNo, appassa appaNo atte, attammi, appe appamma, appANo appANammi attaM, atta, appaM, appa appANa bahuvacana attA, attANo, appA, appANo appANo, appANe, appANA attehi, attehiM, appehi appehiM appANehi, appANehiM attAhiMto, attAto, attAhi, appAhi appAhiMto, appAsaMto appANA- appANo, appAu, appANehiMto, appANesuMto attANa-NaM, appANa-appANaM, appANANa- appANANaM attesu-suM, appesu-suM appANesu-suM attA, attANo, appA, appANo, appANA 8. vizeSaNa (Adjective) I prAkRta meM bhI vizeSaNa vizeSya kA anusaraNa karate haiM / vizeSya meM jo liMga, vacana, kAraka aura kAraka-vibhakti hotI hai vizeSaNa meM bhI vahI hotA

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saMkhyA vAcaka zabda hai / isalie vizeSaNa kA rUpa vizeSya kI taraha hotA hai / vizeSaNa sAdhAraNataH utkarSa aura nikRSTa vAcaka aura saMkhyAvAcaka zabda hotA hai / jaba do vastuoM meM tulanA kara eka vastu ko dUsarI se nyUna yA adhika batAnA hotA hai to usa vizeSaNa meM tara yA Iyas pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai / eka se adhika vastaoM meM se kisI eka ko sabase utkRSTa yA nyUna batalAne ke lie vizeSaNa meM tama athavA iSTha pratyaya lagAyA jAtA hai| prAkRta meM saMskRta kI taraha tara, tama athavA Iyasa, iSTha pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai / lekina jor3ane ke bAda zabda prAkRta ke niyama ke anasAra parivartita hote haiM / ye tulanAmUlaka rUpa nimnalikhita prakAra se hote haiM / do ke madhya tulanA Comparative Degree aNiTTayara (1) tara > yara katayara zreyas > seya (2) Iyas kanIyas > kaNIyasa pApIyas > pApIyasa do se adhika ke madhya tulanA Superlative Degree aNiTThayama tama > yama katayama zreSTa > seTTa iSTha kaniSTha > kaNiTTha jyeSTha > jeTTha pApiSTha > pAviTTha saMkhyA vAcaka zabda 8. aTTha 1. ea / ega eA eaM 2. do / dave / doNNi 3. tao / tiNNi 4. cattAro / cauro / cattAri 5. paMca nava dasa / daha 11. ekkArasa / eAraha 12. davAlasa / bArasa 13. teraha 14. cauddaha 7. satta For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 30 22. bAvIsa 23. tevIsa 24. cauvIsa 25. paNavIsa 26. chabbIsa 27. satAvIsa 28. aTThAvIsa 29. auNatIsa 30. tIsa 31. egatIsa 32. battIsa 15. paMcaraha / paNNarasa 16. solasa 17. sattarasa 18. aTThArasa 19. egUNavIsa / auNavIsai/auNavIsa 20. vIsa / vIsai 21. ekkavIsa 33. tettIsa 34. cauttIsa 35. paNatIsa 36. chattIsa 37. sattatIsa 38. aTThatIsa 39. egUNacattAlIsa cattAlIsa 41. egacattAlIsa 40. 42. bAyAlIsa 43. teyAlIsa 44. cauyAlIsa 45. paNayAlIsa 46. chAyAlIsa www.kobatirth.org 47. sIyAlIsa 48. aTThayAlIsa prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA 49. 50. 51. egAvanna 52. bAvanna 53. tevanna 54. cauvanna 55. paNavanna 56. chavvanna 57. sattAvanna 58. aTThAvanna 59. egUNasaTThi 60. saTThi 61. egaTThi 62. vAsaTTi 63. tesaTThi 64. egUNapanna pannAsa causaTThi paNa 65. 66. chAsaTThi 67. sattasaTThi 68. aTThasaTThi 69. egUNasattari 70. sattari 71. ekkasattari 72. bAvattari 73. tevattari 74. cottara 75. paMcahattara 76. chAvattari 77. sattahattara 78. aTThahattara 79. egUNAsIi 80. asIi 81. ekkAsIi 82. bAIsi

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 83. tesIDa 84. caurAsIi 85. paMcAsIi 86. chalasIi 87. sattAsIi 88. aTThAsI 89. egUNanaui 90. naui 91. ekkANaui prathamA dvitIyA eka ekavacana eo eaM, eA saMbodhana e eaM eaM X saMkhyAvAcI zabda ke rUpa saptamI eammi, eAe, aiM X www.kobatirth.org tRtIyA caturthI paMcamI Ao dohio SaSThI dohi, eeNa eAe dohiM do, duve, doNi do, dave, saMkhyAvAcI zabda ke rUpa do tIna bahuvacana bahuvacana X eassa doNhaM eA do X tao, tiNNi tao, tiNNi 94. caraNaui 95. paMcANaui 96. channaui 97. 98. 99. 100. saya 1000. sahassa tIhi, tIhiM X tIhiMto tinhaM tIsu X beNauDa 92. 93. teNaui sattANaui aTThANaui nauNaui cAra bahuvacana cattAro, cauro, cattAri cattAro, cauro, cattAri cauhi, cauhiM u X pAMca bahuvacana paMca paMca X X cauhiMto paMcahiMto caunhaM paMcahaM paMcahi, paMcahiM 31 paMcasu X

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2 prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA pUraka saMkhyA vAcI zabda First- praDhama, Second- bIya, biiya, docca, Third- taiya, tacca, Fourthcauttha, Fifth- paMcama, Sixth- chaThTha, Seventh- sattama, Eighth- aThuma, Nineth- navama, Tenth- dasama, Twentieth- vIsaima / 9. sarvanAma zabdarUpa asmad-amha vibhakti | ekavacana bahuvacana prathamA ahaM, ahayaM, haM, vayaM, mo, amha, amhe, ammi, amhi, mmi amho . bhe dvitIyA maM, mamaM, mimaM, mi, Ne, NaM, amhe, amho, amha, Ne ammi, amha, mamha, ahaM tRtIyA mai, mae, mayAi, mamaM amhehi, amhAhi, amha, mamae, mamAi, mi, me, Ne | amhe, Ne caturthI paMcamI maitto, mamatto, mahatto mamatto, amhatto, mamAhinto majjhatto, matto amhAhinto, mamAsaMto mamerA~to, amhAsuto, amhesuto SaSThI | mama, me, mai, maha, mahaM Ne, No, majjha, amha, majjha, majjhaM, amha, amhaM ahaM, amhe, amho, amhANa, mamANa, mahANa, majjhANa saptamI mi, me, mai, mae, mamAi amhammi, mamammi, mahammi, majjhammi amhesu, mamesu, mahesu, majjhesu amhasu, mamasu, mahasu, majjhasu amhAsa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA tRtIyA caturthI 9 SaSThI ekavacana saptamI taM, tuM, tumaM, tavaM taha , www.kobatirth.org sarvanAma zabda rUpa yuSmad taM, tuM, tumaM, tuvaM, taha tume, tae paMcamI taitto, tavatto, tumatto, 1 tahatto, tammA tamatto, tumhatto, uhatto, umhatto, tujjhatto, tumhatto, tuhatto tai, tu, te, tumheM, tuha, tuhaM tava, tuma, tume, tumo, tumAi, di, de, i, e, bhe, di, deM, te, tai, tae, tue, tumaM, tumai, tumae, tuma, tumAi tumbha, ubha, uyUha, tumha, tujjha, umha, ujjha tume, tumae, tumAi, tai, tae, tu, tu, tuma, tuha, tubhA, tummi, tuvammi, tamammi, tahammi Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bahuvacana bhe, tubbhe, tujjha, tumha, tarahe, unhe vo, tubbhe, tujjha, tumhe, unhe bhe 1 bhe, tumbhehiM, tumhehiM tujjhehiM umhahehiM, tumhahiM, ujjhehiM tubbhatto, uyhatto, umhatto, tumhatto, tumhatto, tujjhattoM tu, vo, bhe, tumbha, tubhaM, tumbhANa, tuvANa, tumANa, tuhANa, umhANa, tubbhANaM, tavANaM, tumANaM, tuyhANaM tumha, tujjha, tumhANa-NaM, tujjhANa-NaM 33 For Private and Personal Use Only tasa tavesa, mesa, tuhesu, tumbhe, tumhe tujjhesa, tuvasu, tumasu, tuhasu, tumbhasu, tumhasu, tujjhasu, tubbhAsu, tumhAsu, tujjhAsu ,

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34 prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA tad-sa, ta puliMga ekavacana sa, so taM, NaM teNa, tiNA, NeNa bahuvacana te, Ne te, tA, Ne, NA tehi, tehiM, tehiM tRtIyA catarthI paMcamI palI tatto, tao, to, tamhA tAhiMto, tAsaMto tassa, tAsa, se tesiM, tANa-NaM, siM tassiM, tammi, tattha, tahiM / tesu-, Nesu-suM | tAhe, taiA saptamI saMbodhana vibhakti prathamA tad-sA, tA strIliMga ekavacana bahuvacana sA tAo, tAu, tIo, tIu tAo, tAu, tIo, tIu tAi, tAe, tIi, tIe tAhi, tAhiM, tIhi, tIhiM tIa, tIA, tINA taM dvitIyA tRtIyA caturthI * paMcamI SaSThI tAo, tAu, tIo, tIu | tAhiMto, tAsaMto, tIsutoM, tahito tassA, tissA, tAse, tIse | tAsAM, tesiM, tAsi, tAe, tAi, tIe, tIi tIsiM, tANa-NaM, tIa, tIA, se tINa-NaM, si tAe, tAi, tIe, tIi, | tAsu-su, tIsu-suM tIa, tIA, tAhe, taiA saptamI saMbodhana For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA tRtIyA caturthI paMcamI SaSThI saptamI sambodhana vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA tRtIyA caturthI paMcamI SaSThI saptamI sambodhana www.kobatirth.org sarvanAma zabda rUpa tad-taM napuMsakaliMga ekavacana X taM taM tRtIyA se saptamI taka zeSa rUpa puliMga ke samAna idam-ima puliMga ekavacana imo imaM imeNa, imiNA X o, imAu, imassa, assa imassiM, imammi, assiM idam-imA strIliMga ekavacana imAhi imA imaM imAi, imAe X imAa, imAi, imAe, imatto, imAo, imAu, imAhita imAa, imAi, imAe imAa -i-e X bahuvacana tAi, tAI, tANi tAi, tAI, tANi Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ime ime imehi-hiM-hiM X bahuvacana imAhiMto, imAsaMto imANa-NaM, imesiM imesa saM X For Private and Personal Use Only bahuvacana imA, imAo, imAu imA, imAo, imAu imAhi-hiM X. imatto, imAo, ilmAu, imAhiMto-suMto imANa-NaM imAsa-saM X 35

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prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA vibhakti ekavacana bahavacana idam-iyaM napaMsakaliMga ekavacana | iaM, iNaM, iNamo iaM, iNaM, iNao etad-ea puliMga ekavacana esa, eso bahavacana imAi, imAiM, imANi imAi-iM-Ni vibhakti prathamA bahavacana ee ee eehi, eehiM, eehi~ eaM eeNa, eiNA dvitIyA tRtIyA caturthI paMcamI SaSThI saptamI etto, eAo, eAu / eAhiMto, eAsuto eAhi eassa eANa-NaM, eesiM | eassiM,eammi, ettha, ittha | eesa-sa saMbodhana etad-eA strIliMga vibhakti ekavacana esA prathamA dvitIyA tRtIyA bahuvacana eAo, eAu eAo, eAu eAhi-hiM-hi~ eaM eAe catarthI paMcamI eatto, eAo, eAu eAhiMto-saMto eAa, eAi, eAe, eatto, eAo, eAu, eAhito eAa, eAi, eAe eAa, eAi, eAe SaSThI eANa-NaM eAsa-saM saptamI saMbodhana For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA tRtIyA catarthI paMcamI SaSThI saptamI saMbodhana vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA tRtIyA caturthI paMcamI paThI saptamI saMbodhana eaM www.kobatirth.org sarvanAma zabda rUpa etad evaM napuMsakaliMga ekavacana X eaM tRtIyA se saptamI taka zeSa rUpa puliMgavat adas-amu puliMga ekavacana amU, aha amuM amaNo X amUo, amUu, amUhi amuNo, amussa amussiM, amummi, amuttha adas-ama strIliMga ekavacana amU, aha amaM amue, amUi, amU, amUA X amUo, amUu, amUhi amUe, amUi, amUa, amUA amUe, amUi, amUa, amUA X bahavacana eAi, eAI, eANi eAi, eAI, eANi bahuvacana amUo, amuNo amU, amaNo amUhiM, amUhi~ X amarhito, asaMto amUNa-NaM amUsu-suM X 37 bahuvacana amU, amUo, amUu amU, amUo, amUu amUhi, amUhiM X amUhiMto, asaMto amUNa, amUNaM amUsa, amUsaM X

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38 prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA ama adas-amu napuMsakaliMga ekavacana bahuvacana | amuM, aha amUi, amUI, amUNi amUi, amUNi tRtIyA se saptamI taka zeSa rUpa paliMgavat yad-ja puliMga ekavacana bahavacana jo, je je, jA jeNa, jeNaM jehi, jehiM, jehi~ vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA jaM tRtIyA caturthI paMcamI SaSThI saptamI jamhA, jAo, jAu jAo, jAu, jAhi, jehi, | jAhimto, jAsaMto, jesaMto jassa, jAsa jesiM, jANa, jANaM jaMsi, jassiM, jahiM, jammi | jesa. jesaM. jAhe. jattha jAlA, jaiA saMbodhana * vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA yad-jA strIliMga ekavacana bahavacana jA jA, jAo, jAu jA, jAo, jAu jAa, jAi, jAe jAhi-hiM-hi~ tRtIyA caturthI * X paMcamI SaSThI saptamI saMbodhana jAa. jAi. jAe, jatto, ! jatto, jAo, jAu, jAo, jAu, jAhiMto / jAhiMto-saMto jAa, jAi, jAe jANa-NaM jAa, jAi, jAe jAsu-saM x x For Private and Personal Use Only

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sarvanAma zabda rUpa 39 yad-ja napaMsakaliMga vibhakti / ekavacana bahuvacana prathamA jaM jANi, jAI, jAi~ dvitIyA jaM jANi, jAI, jAi zeSa sabhI rUpa paliMga "ja'' ke samAna calate haiN| kima-ka paliMga vibhakti ekavacana prathamA dvitIyA keNa, kiNA kehi, kehi tRtIyA catarthI + X paMcamI kao, katto kAhiMto, kAsaMto SaSThI kassa, kAsa kANa, kANaM, kesiM saptamI kassiM, kammi, kattha, kesu, kesiM kahiM, kassi saMbodhana x kim-kA strIliMga vibhakti | ekavacana bahavacana prathamA | kAo, kAu, kIo, kIu dvitIyA / kaM kAo, kAu, kIo, kIu tRtIyA kAe, kAi, kIe, kIa, qIA kAhi, kIhiM, kIhiM,kIhiM kA caturthI paMcamI kAo, kAu, kIo, | kAhiMto, kAsaMto, kIhito, kIu, kINa | kIsaMto paSThI kassA, kissA, kAse, kIse, kAsAM, kesiM, kAsiM, kANaM kIi, kIa, kIA, kAi, kAe kANa, kINe, kINa saptamI kAe, kAi, kIe, kIi | kAsu-suM, kIsu-suM kIA, kIa, kAhe, kaiA saMbodhana | x |x For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 40 vibhakti prathamA kaM, kiM dvitIyA kaM kiM 1 vibhakti prathamA savvo dvitIyA savvaM tRtIyA savveNa NaM caturthI X paMcamI SaSThI saptamI saMbodhana X paSThI saptamI saMbodhana www.kobatirth.org vibhakti prathamA savvA dvitIyA savvaM tRtIyA catarthI paMcamI prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA kim kiM napuMsakaliMga savvatto, savvAo, savvAu, savvAhi, savvamhA, savvAhiMto, savvehiMto ekavacana savvassa savvassiM, savvammi, savvahiM, savvattha X tRtIyA se saptamI taka zeSa rUpa puliMgavat / sarva savva paliMga ekavacana ekavacana savvAa, savvAi, savvAe X sarva-savvA strIliMga savvAa, savvAi, savvAe, savvatto, savvAo, savvAu savvAhiMto savvAa, savvAi, savvAe savvAa, savvAi, savvAe X bahuvacana kAi, kAI, kANi kAi, kAI, kANi savve savve, savvA savvehi-hiM-hiM Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir X savvatto, savvAo, savvAu, savvAhi, savvehi, savvAhiMto, savvehiMto, savvAsaMto, savvesaMto savvANa-NaM, savvesiM savvesa- saM bahuvacana savvA, savvAo, savvAu savvA, savvAo, savvAu savvAhi-hiM-hiM savvANa-NaM savvAsa-saM X bahavacana X savvatto, savvAo, savvAu savvAhiMto-suMto 9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kriyA 41 vibhakti prathamA dvitIyA sarva-savva napaMsakaliMga ekavacana vahavacana savvaM savvANi, savvAiM, savvAi~ savvaM savvANi, savvAi, savvAi~ zeSa rUpa paliMga "savva' zabda kI bhAMti hI calate haiM / kriyA prAkRta meM kriyA ke viSaya meM kacha vizeSatAe~ haiM / jaise 1. dhAta 2. puruSa 3. vacana 4. vAcya (parasmaipada aura Atmanepada) 5. kriyA ke bhAva 6. kAla (vartamAna, atIta aura bhaviSyat) 7. a-Agama 8. abhyAsa (dvitva) 9. vikaraNa 10. kriyA kI bhUmi 11. kriyA-vibhakti (tiGa vibhakti) 12. kriyA kA rUpa / inake atirikta bhI 13. taman pratyaya hai, 14. zatR aura zAnac pratyayAnta zabda aura 15. asamApikA kriyA bhI hai| isake alAvA kriyA meM aura bhI viSaya hai jisako hama alaga DhaMga se banAte haiM / vaha hai 16. karmavAcya, 17. Nijanta kriyA, 18. nAma-dhAta, 19. sannanta dhAta aura 20. yaDanta dhAta / kala milAkara ke kriyA meM kevala isI viSaya meM hamaloga dhyAna dete haiN| kinta uparyakta jo viSaya hamane vatalAe haiM ve sabhI prAkRta meM nahIM hote haiM / prAkRta me uparyakta viSaya itane sarala ho gae haiM ki eka viSaya kA bhAva dUsare viSaya ke dvArA bhI prakaTa ho sakatA hai / hama ina viSayoM para kramaza: prakAza DAleMge 1. dhAta-dhAta sAdhAraNatayA eka svara kI hotI hai / jaise kara, hasa, man ityAdi / kintu prAkRta meM antima halanta varNa nahIM hotA hai, isalie dhAta ke sAtha svara (a) yoga karanA cAhie / isalie kara dhAta ko hamaloga kara rUpa se par3hate haiM aura isI ke sAtha kriyA vibhakti kA yoga hotA hai / arthAt kara + i = prAkRta meM karai / prAkRta meM koI dhAta dvi-svara yakta bhI ho sakatI hai / jaise pekkha isakA rUpa pekkhai hotA hai / isa taraha dekhai, pAsai, hasai ityAdi / For Private and Personal Use Only

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42 prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA prAkRta meM aisA dekhA jAtA hai ki upasarga ke sAtha jaba dhAta kA yoga hotA hai taba upasarga sahita dhAtu bana jAtI hai / jaise pa-ikkha isase pekkha dhAtu hotI hai| 2. purUSa- saMskRta ke anusAra prAkRta meM bhI tIna purUSa haiM-uttama, madhyama evaM prathama / 3. vacana- prAkRta meM do vacana hai- 1. ekavacana aura 2. bahuvacana / dvivacana ke bhAva ko vyakta karane ke lie bahuvacana kA prayoga hotA hai| 4. vAcya (parasmaipada evaM Atmanepada)-saMskRta meM jaise vAcya kA parasmaipada evaM Atmanepada hotA hai prAkRta meM aisA nahIM hotA hai / prAkRta meM kevala makhyataH parasmaipada hotA hai / isalie prAkRta meM vAcya kevala parasmaipada hI hai| karma-vAcya meM bhI parasmaipadIya vibhakti kA yoga hotA hai| kinta kabhI-kabhI AtmanepadIya vibhakti kA yoga hotA hai / isalie ramai aura ramae-ina donoM kA prayoga milatA hai / Atmanepada kA prayoga adhikAMzataH ardhamAgadhI meM hotA hai / kabhI-kabhI mAhArASTrI prAkRta kAvya meM bhI Atmanepada kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / vAstava meM una sthaloM para saMskRta kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai / kabhI-kabhI saMskRta meM agara dhAtu Atmanepada hai to usI ke prabhAva ke anusAra prAkRta meM bhI Atmanepada kA prayoga hotA hai / kintu prAkRta bhASA ke anasAra sabhI sthaloM para parasmaipada vibhakti honI cAhie / isalie jaba karmavAcya meM kriyA-vibhakti kI AvazyakatA hotI hai taba bhI parasmaipada vibhakti hotI hai| 5. kriyA ke bhAva- kriyA ke bhAva kA artha hai ki kisa taraha se kriyA nirdezita hotI hai arthAt kriyA prayoga se kaise jJAta hotA hai ki kriyA sAmAnya rUpa se kisI kArya ke artha kA prakAzana karatI hai, athavA apanA Adeza evaM upadeza detI hai aura ucita tathA anacita isa bhAva ko prakaTa karatI hai vaha kriyA kA bhAva kahalAtA hai / isa taraha se kriyA kA bhAva sAta prakAra kA hai- 1. nirdezaka, 2. icchArthaka 3. vidhyarthaka 4. anajJA-jJApaka 5. kriyAtipati 6. AzIpika 7. aDAgamaniSedhajJApaka / / prAkRta meM icchArthaka, AzIrjApaka aura aDAgamaniSedhajJApaka kriyA ke bhAva nahIM hote haiM / isalie kisI prAkRta meM nahIM milatA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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vikaraNa 43 prAkRta meM kevala nirdezaka, vidhyarthaka, anujJAjJApaka aura kriyAtipatti kA prayoga hotA hai / isalie prAkRta meM kevala cAra prakAra dhAtu sA hotA hai| 6. kAla-prAkRta meM tIna kAla haiM :- bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyat / saMskRta meM jo laG laG aura liT hai usakA prayoga prAkRta meM nahIM hotA hai| prAkRta meM ina tInoM kA prayoga kevala eka rUpa se prakaTa hotA hai / isalie saMskRta ke jJAna se prAkRta meM kriyA kA rUpa nahIM kara sakate haiN| kabhI-kabhI ardhamAgadhI meM laG aura laG kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / jaise deviMdo iNaM abbvii| 7. a-Agama- saMskRta meM a-Agama laGa, laGa aura luG meM hotA hai| yaha a-kAra atIta-kAla kA jJApaka hai / laG aura laG prAkRta meM nahIM hotA hai isalie prAkRta meM a-Agama bhI nahIM hotA hai / kriyAtipati arthAt luGa prAkRta meM hotA hai / lekina isakA prayoga a ke yoga meM nahIM hotA hai / isalie prAkRta meM a-Agama kA prayoga nahIM hotA hai| 8. abhyAsa (dvitva) - prAkRta meM abhyAsa kA prayoga nahIM hotA hai / isalie prAkRta meM abhyAsa nahIM hotA hai / saMskRta meM abhyAsa kevala jahotyAdigaNa meM, liT ke rUpa meM, sannanta ke rUpa meM aura yaDanta ke rUpa meM milatA hai / prAkRta meM ye sabhI viSaya dUsare DhaMga se ghaTita hote haiM / isalie prAkRta meM bhI abhyAsa nahIM hotA hai| __ abhyAsa kA artha dhAta ko dvitva banAnA / jaise gam dhAta ko liTalakAra ke prayoga meM dhAtu kA abhyAsa hotA hai / arthAt gam gam hotA hai / isase jagAma banatA hai / yaha jo gam dhAtu kA dvitva hai vahI abhyAsa kahalAtA hai / prAkRta meM isakA prayoga nahIM hai / isalie prAkRta meM abhyAsa nahIM hai / 9. vikaraNa - prAkRta meM do vikaraNa hai-a aura e [e ca] vartamAnApaJcamI zatRSa vA (he. 3.158) / sabhI rUpa akArAnta aura ekArAnta se hI hote haiM / jaise karai, karei, hasai, hasei, gamai, gamei ityAdi / saMskRta meM jo 10 gaNa hai una sabhI kA prAkRta meM do gaNoM meM vibhAjana hotA hai| kinta jaba saMskRta se hama loga prAkRta meM sIdhA rUpAntaraNa karate haiM taba saMskRta ke gaNa kA rUpa prAkRta meM mila sakatA hai / jaise zrRNoti prAkRta meM suNoi ho sakatA hai aura suNai to hogA ho / prAyaH isa taraha kI dhAta ke gaNa kA rUpa prAkRta meM milatA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 44 prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA 10. kriyA kI bhUmi - prAkRta meM antima halanta vyanjana nahIM hotA hai / isalie prAkRta meM koI halanta vyanjanAnta dhAta bhI nahIM hotA hai / arthAt hasa dhAtu a vikaraNa se hasa rUpa bana jAtA hai / isalie hasa prAkRta meM kriyA kI bhUmi kahalAtI hai / isI ke sAtha tiG vibhakti kA yoga hotA hai / arthAt has a-i = hasa i = hasai / kriyA kA rUpa samajhAne ke lie kriyA kI bhUmi ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA hai / nirdezaka vartamAna 11. kriyA vibhakti ( tiG vibhakti) -- prAkRta meM kriyA ke kAla aura kriyA ke bhAva prakaTa karane ke lie tiG vibhakti hotI hai / vaha vibhakti saMskRta se bhinna hai / uparyukta kriyA kA kAla evaM kriyA kA bhAva saMskRta se alaga hai / nIce vibhakti kA rUpa detA hU~ / pra. pa madhya paH bahu. va ityA, ha atIta bhaviSya anujJA 1 va i, e - ta - hiMi, hie u vidhiliGa ja kriyAtipatti 1 bahu. va nti, ire -ta hinti, hinte, hire 61 tu jA www.kobatirth.org nte 27 1 va si, se -ta hisi, hise su ijasu, safe ja "1 - ta hityA, hii ho ha Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jA For Private and Personal Use Only 1va mi -ta ssaM, ssAmi, hAmi himi mu ja u. pa 11 bahu. va mo, mu, ma - ta - sAmo, ssAmu, ssAma, hAmo, hAmu, hAma mo jA 17 12. kriyA kA rUpa - prAkRta meM uparyukta kriyA ke tIna kAloM evaM pAMca lakAroM kA rUpa milatA hai /

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For Private and Personal Use Only hi SLNDICATIY 1 ni 1 ka V E vidhyarthaka (Optative) anujJAjJApaka (Imperative) kriyAtipatti (Conditional) tamarthaka (Infinitive) zatRzAnac (Participle) asamApikAkriyA (Gerund) vartamAna bhUta 6 bhaviSyat 3 ekavacana atthi Asi, ahaMsi hohii hojaI, hoi hoja, hojA hou 1 dhAtU / as 2 prathama parupa hoja, honA houM hAta hoUNa bahuvacana atthi Asi, ahasi hohinti hotra, hojA hAta hAja, hojA 4 vAcya 11 kriyA vibhakti madhyama paruSa ekavacana atthi, si Asi, ahesi hohimi hojAsi ho, hohi bahuvacana atthi Asi, ahesi hohityA hojAha hoha ekavacana atthi, mhi Asi, ahaMsi homsAmi, hohAgi, hohimi hojAmi 9 vikaraNa 12 kriyA kA rUpa uttama paruSa homu bahuvacana atthi, mhAM, mha Asi, ahesi homsAmo, hohAmo hAsmAmu, hAhAm hossAma, hAhAma ho, ho hojAma hAmA as dhAtu kA rUpa 45

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46 1 dhAtu kR kara 2 prathama purUpa vahuvacana 4 vAcya 11 kriyA vibhakti madhyama purUpa ekavacana vahuvacana 9 vikaraNa 12 kriyA kA rUpa uttama purUSa bahuvacana Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 3 ekavacana ekavacana | 17-ze- vartamAna karaMti, kareMti karasi,karesi karaha, kareha karami, karami karamo, karemA bhUta kAsI, kAhI, (karitthA), kAhI karissai kAsI, kAhI, kAhI karissaMti kAsI, kAhI, kAhI karissasi kAsI, kAhI kAhI karissaha kAsI, kAhI, kAhI karissAmi kAsI, kAhI kAhI karissAmo -ma,-ma bhaviSyat For Private and Personal Use Only prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA www.kobatirth.org karejA, kajjA karejA karejAsi karekhAha karejAmi karegjAma kareu. karantu karesu, karehi, karaha karama karamA kara karejA, kunA karejA, kujjA vidhyarthaka (Optative) anujJAjJApaka (Imperative) kriyAtipatti (Conditional) tumarthaka (Infinitive) zatRzAnaca (Participle) asamApikAkiyA (Gerund) kariuM, karitae karanta, karamANa karittA kariUNa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir

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1 dhAtu bhU-ho 4 vAcya 11 kriyA vibhakti madhyama puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana hosi 9 vikaraNa 12 kriyA kA rUpa uttama puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana homi homo Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 2 prathama puruSa vahuvacana hoti 3 ekavacana hoi hoha 3-z vartamAna bhUta huvI hUya, havI. havI huvI hUya, havI huvI bhaviSyat hohida hohinti hohisi hohitthA hossAmi, hohAmi | hossAmo, hohAmA hAhimi hossAma, hohAmu hossAma, hohAma hohima, hohima For Private and Personal Use Only bhU dhAtu kA rUpa www.kobatirth.org hoja, honja, hojjAsi hojAha hojAmi hojAma hojA hou hojA hota vidhyarthaka (Optative) anajJAjJApaka (Imperative) kriyAtipatti (Conditional) hosu, hohi hoha homa homA hoja, hojA hojA tamarthaka hotraM hota. (Infinitive) zatRzAnaca (Participle) asamApikAkriyA (Gerund) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hoUNa

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For Private and Personal Use Only ni N Dza | ka C A T V E vidhyarthaka (Optative) anajJAjJApaka (Imperative) kriyAtipatti (Conditional) tamarthaka (Infinitive) zatRzAnac (Participle) asamApikAkriyA (Gerund) vartamAna 6 bhUta bhaviSyat 3 ekavacana bhaNai, bhaNei. bhaNia bhaNissai, bhaNemsai bhaNetrA bhaNaja bhaNau bhaNaja 'bhaNajA bhaNiuM bhaNanta, (bhaNamANa) bhaNittA, bhaNiUNa 1 dhAtu bhaN-bhaNa 2 prathama puruSa bahuvacana bhaNaMti, bhaNeti bhaNia bhaNissaMti, bhaNesmaMti bhaNejA bhaNaja bhaNantu 4 vAcya 11 kriyA vibhakti madhyama puruSa ekavacana bhaNasi, bhaNesi bhaNia bhaNisafe bhaNassasi bhaNevAsi bhaNesa, bhaNehi (bhaNa) bahuvacana bhaNaha, bhaNeha bhaNia bhaNissaha bhaNassaha bhaNevAha bhaNeha ekavacana bhaNAmi, maNemi 9 vikaraNa 12 kriyA kA rUpa uttama puruSa bhaNia bhaNissAmi bhaNassAmi bhaNihAmi, bhaNehAmi bhaNihimi bhaNenAmi bhaNemu bahuvacana bhaNamo maNamA - mu, ma bhaNia bhaNissAmA, bhaNassAmA, mu. ma bhaNihAbho, bhaNehAmo, mu, ma bhaNehAma, mu, ma bhaNejAma bhaNamA 48 prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA

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kriyA vizeSaNa 49 kriyA vizeSaNa (Adverb) (Adverbs of Place) ta tad | idam = a / yad ki/ ku / ka tataH-tao, | itaH-io, eo | yataH-jao, | kataH-kao, kao [phira] [yahAM se ] ataH | jatto [kahAM se ] katto [isalie] [kyoMki] tatra-tattha atra-ittha yatra-jattha kutra-kattha katthai tahi [vahA~] [yahAM ] iha | [yahA~ ] jahi kuha-kahiM kahiMci kva- kahiMpi tathA taha | itthaM-ihaM yathA-jaha kathaM-kahaM [usa taraha] [isa prakAra] | [jaise] [kaise] tadA-tayA / | idAnIm-dANiM yadA-jayA kadA-kayA, sadA-sayA [taba] | [isa samaya] [saba] [kaba] tarhi-tahiM / etaMrhi-ehiM yarhi-jahiM karhi-kahiM [taba to] tAha egattha jAha egattha-eka sthAna para (in one place), annattha-anyatra (in another place) savvattha-sarvatra (everywhere), uDDhe-Upara (above), heTTa-nIce (below), bAhiM-bAhara (outside), aggao-pahale (before); pacchA-pIche (behind), antarA-bIca meM (in the middle), darao- (from afar) / Adverbs of Time 1. ajja-Aja (today) 2. eNhiM, etthAhe, iyANiM, saMpaya-abhI (now) 3. tA, tayA, tao, to, taiyA, tAhe-taba (then) 4. jayA, jaiyA, jAhe-java (when) 5. kayA, kaiyA-kava (when) 6. jAva...tAva, jA...tA, jaba...taka (while then) 7. kallaM-kala (yesterday) For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA 8. save-dUsare dina (tomorrow) 9. paviM, pUrA-pahale (earlier) 10. niccaM, sayA, sai sayayaM-sadA (always) 11. sahasA, jhatti-acAnaka (suddenly) 12. navaraM-akelA (alone) 13. navari-usake bAda (thereafter) 14. paNo-phira se (again) 15. tAva ya, etthantare- ityavasare (in the mean while) Adverbs of Manner 1. na, mA-nahIM (not) 2. iva, viya, piva, vva, miva, viva-taraha (like) 3. evaM, tahA-isalie aisA ho (so) 4. kahaM pi-kaise hI (somehow) 5. samma-ThIka prakAra se (properly) 6. sama-sAtha (together) 7. bAr3ha, dhaNiya-bahuta (very) 8. Isi, maNaM-thor3A (little) 9. avassaM-avazya (necessarily) 10. lohaM, sigdhaM-zIghra (quickly) 11. saNiyaM-dhIre dhIre (slowly) 12. kameNa-krama se (in course) 13. suTTha-acchA (well) 14. kevalaM, navaraM-kevala (only) 15. seyaM-zreyas (better) upasarga (Preposition) ai (ati) atikramaNa karanA aikkamai (atikramaNa karanA) (beyond, over) aigacchai (karate jAnA) aNu (anu) pazcAt aNukarei (anukaraNa) (after. aNujANai (svIkRti) ava (apa) sthAna chor3anA avakkamai, avarajjhai, oharaha away, off, For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraka niyantrita upasarga 51 abhigacchai, abhivaDDhai, abhihavai avatarai, avamANai, ogAhai Aruhai, Agacchai uggamei, uttarai, uddisai uvAgacchai, uvamei, uvadhArei abhi (abhi) ora se ava (ava) kahIM se iTanA away..... A (A) kisI tarapha jAnA upto, on ud (ud) Upara (upon) uva (upa) ___ ora se, samIpa (towards, near) dus (dus) burA kaThina ..... hard nis (nis) nikalatA (out, away) pari (pari) cAroM ora (all round) paDi, (pari) ora se (prati) (towards) vi (vi) pRthak karanA saM (sam) sAtha-sAtha (together) sa (sa) acchA (well) pAu (prAdus) unmukta (open) duccarei, dukkarei niggamai, nissarai parigaNei, parivaDDhei paDivAlei vikkiNai, vikabbai, vivarei saMgamai, saMtosei saladdhe, sakarei pAukarei, pAubbhavai kAraka niyantrita upasarga (Prepositions governing cases) karma kAraka antareNa, jAva, pai, mottUNa, AdAya, gahAya (binA) (jaba taka) (ke prati) (sivAya) (sAtha) Without, until, towards, except, with karaNa kAraka ___samaM, saddhi, saha, viNA (sAtha) (binA) with, without apAdAna karaka Arabha (se) from For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA sambandha kAraka parao, uvariM, samIvaM, kae, heTThA, bAhi, paJcakkhaM (pahale) (Upara) (samIpa) (lie) (nIce) (bAhara) (pratyakSa) before, above, near, for, below, outside, in the presence of. samuccayabodhaka zabda (Conjunction) saMyojaka a, ca, ya, kiMca (Copulative/connective) viyojaka (Disjunctive) vA, ahavA pratipAkSika/pratibedhaka ahavA, kintu (Adversative) avasthAtmaka jai (Conditional) pratyakSa ukti (Direct speech) tti, ti, i ii vyavasthAtmaka (Concessive) tadAhi manobhAva prakAzaka zabda (Interjection) manobhAva prayakta artha sUtra udAharaNa prakA. zabda giving, haM dAna-pRcchA- dAne-hU~ geNha appaNo jIo asking | nivAraNo pRcchAyAM-hUM sAhU speaking (ii,197) sabbhAvaM / emphatically nivAraNe-hU~ hUMvasu taNhikko / via, vea | asseveration | Nai cea ciacca evaM via / cia, cea, avadhAraNe | evaM cea indication o cira asi remorse (ii. 203) indicision hara, phira | doubtful | kirera hira pekkha hara teNa hdo| 'hop For Private and Personal Use Only

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manobhAva prakAzaka zabda kila hu~ (ka)khu sAvara Navari kiNo avvo assertion kilAthea aja kira teNa vvsio| vA (ii. 186) aaM kila sivinno| resolution, | haM kha nizcaya- huM rkkhso| doubt, vitarka saMbhAvana- | garuo kkha bhAro / reflection | (ii. 198) only Navara kevaleNavaraM annaM (ii. 187) immediate Anantarye Navari |Navari sequence, (ii. 188) then asking a kiNo prazne kiNo dhubasi / question | (ii. 216) kiNo hasasi / distress abbo sUcanA sUcanAyAM-abbo avaraM indication daHkha |pia / reflection saMbhASaNAparAdha- saMbhAvane-avvo Namiva vismayAnandA- attaM / darabhaya khedaviSAda pazcAttApe (ii. 204) opposition | alAhi nivAraNe alAhi kalahavaMdheNa (i. 189) addressing a | bale nirdhAraNa- ai mUlaM pasUsai. nizcayayoH (ii. 185) person ai saMbhAvane (ii. 205) in the Navi vaiparotye Navi tara pahasai baalaa| same of | (ii. 138) contrariety alAhi bale ai Navi For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAkRta vyAkaraNa pravezikA thU censure thU kutsAyAm / (ii. 200) thU sivinno| re are, hare, hire addressing a | re are saMbhASaNa person, of ratikalahe delight (ii. 201) quarrelling hare kSepe ca (ii. 200) re mA karehi NAo si are / diTTho si hire| miva, piva, like, simile gaaNaM miva / gaaNaM via kasaNaM iva miva piva viva / va va viu ivArthe vA / (ii. 182) | ajja AmaMtraNe ajja addressing courteously kiM karesi ajja mahANahAva sUtra hai vararUci kA / baMdhanI meM hemacandra sUtra ke sAtha talanIya hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Serving Jin Shasan 142869 gyanmandir@kobatirth.org For Private and Personal Use Only