Book Title: Lipi Vikas Author(s): Rammurti Mehrotra Publisher: Sahitya Ratna Bhandar Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/020455/1 JAIN EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL FOR PRIVATE AND PERSONAL USE ONLYPage #1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi vikAsa 383 www.kobatirth.org. EL.y Jie Ge 3 as wa 1 TIME 20m 200 asa93 4 2 A Al G 1 TICK prakAzaka: lekhaka rAmamUrti meharotrA ema e (nAgarA ) ema e (lakhanaU MSTUDIO 19 sAhitya ratna bhaNDAra, AgarA For Private And Personal Use Only Page #2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa zrI rAmamUrti meharotrA ema0e. sAhitya-rana-bhaNDAra, bhAgarA / / For Private And Personal Use Only Page #3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org sAhitya ratna bhaNDAra; bhAgasa / prathama saMskaraNa 500 mUlya III) sAhitya presa, AgarA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private And Personal Use Only Page #4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir do zabda vikAsavAda kI dRSTi se yadyapi maukhika bhASA ke udaya kA prazna aranA vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai tathApi likhita bhASA ke kramAgata AviSkAra kA mArga nizcita karanA usase kama jaTila prazna nahIM hai| maukhika bhASA ke udaya meM svAbhAvika pratikriyAtmaka prAkRtika kAraNa ho sakate haiN| usameM to kisI sacetana udyoga kA koI prazna muzkila se hI uThatA hai kintu likhita bhASA ke vikAsa meM eka vizeSa mAnasika unnati aura kisI aMza meM sacetana prayAsa bhI apekSita hai| vikAsa-krama meM pIche Ane ka kAraNa likhita bhASA kA mahattva kisI prakAra kama nahIM ho jaataa| isake kAraNa maukhika bhASAko apekSAkRta sthAyitva aura dezAntara gati kI zakti mila jAtI hai| vibhinna vargoM ke sUtroM tathA unameM lagI huI granthiyoM kI bhAva-lipiyoM aura kAryalipiyoM kI durgama ghATiyoM ko pAra kara pUrNatayA vizliSTa saMskRta kI sI varNamAlA taka pahuMcanA eka lambI yAtrA hai| isake Age brAhmI lipi kA gupta lipi aura kuTila lipi dvArA vartamAna nAgarI lipi taka AnA yAtrA kA dUsarA unnati krama hai / vikAsa kI isa lambI yAtrA kA vivaraNa vidvAna lekhaka kI bhASA meM par3ha kara hama usa jaTila mAge kA andAja lagA sakate haiM / yorupIya, sAbhI aura bhAratIya bhASAoM ke vibhinna srota hote hue unake vikAsa kA mAge prAyaH ekasA hI hai / maukhika bhASA ke udaya meM jo pravRttiyA~ haiM unameM se kamase kama anukaraNa aura saMketa-nirmANa kI pravRttiyA~ likhita bhASA ke udaya meM bhI parilakSita hotI hai| For Private And Personal Use Only Page #5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir videzI paNDitoM kI ina donoM kalpanAoM kA ki brAhmI lipi phiniziyana lipi se nikalI hai athavA usameM khAroSTrI kA prabhAva rahA hai isa pustaka meM bar3I vidvattA ke sAtha nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| ___ meharotrAjI ne brAhmI lipi se devanAgarI tathA bhArata kI vibhinna lipiyoM ke vikAsa kA jo krama dikhAyA hai vaha Ajakala bhASA ke Andolana kI dRSTi se bahuta upayogI hai| usake adhyayana se bhAratIya lipiyoM kI pAravArika ekatA aura saundarya, vyApakatA aura tvarA lekhana kI dRSTi se devanAgarI akSaroM kI zreSThatA para acchA prakAza par3atA hai| lekhaka ne romana lipi kI tulanA meM bhI devanAgarI kI zreSThatA pramANita kI hai| hindI meM jina dhvaniyoM kI kamiyA~ haiM aura jo lipi-cihna bhrAmaka haiM unakI ora saMketa kara lekhaka ne yaha pramANita kara diyA hai ki vaha devanAgarI lipi kA andhabhakta nahIM hai| isa viSaya para zraddheya ojhAjI kI jo vizada aura prAmANika pustaka hai vaha vidyArthiyoM kI pahu~ca se bAhara hai| yaha pustaka vidyArthiyoM ko isa viSaya kA Avazyaka jJAna karA sakegI aura AzA hai, bhASA-vijJAna ke sAhitya meM apanA ucita sthAna prApta kregii| senTajAnsa kAleja, AgarA janmASTamI, 2002 hariharanAtha TaMDana ema. e. adhyakSa-hindI-vibhAga For Private And Personal Use Only Page #6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir anukramaNikA 1-lipi kA AviSkAra 2-bhArata kI prAcIna lipiyA~ 3-brAhmI kA vikAsa 4-akoM kA vikAsa 5-zabdAGka sUcI 6-aGkoM kA saMkSipta itihAsa 7--hindI tathA anya lipiyAM For Private And Personal Use Only Page #7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private And Personal Use Only Page #8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa lipi kA AviSkAra manuSya samAjabaddha prANI hai, vaha vicAra-vinimaya kie binA nahIM raha sktaa| bhASaNa-kriyA to usakA janma-siddha adhikAra thA hI, ataH bhASotpatti ke pUrva Adi-kAla meM to vaha mUka manuSyoM kI bhA~ti A-A, I-I karake iMgitoM dvArA apanA kArya calA letA hogA, parantu bAda meM vAka-zakti kA vikAsa hone para maukhika bhASA dvArA apanA kArya saJcAlana karane lagA hogaa| maukhika bhASA dvArA nikaTa hone para to vicAra-vinimaya ho sakatA thA, parantu dUra hone para nahIM / ataH yaha eka jaTila samasyA thI ki dara ke manuSyoM para bhAva prakAzana kisa prakAra kiyA jAya / isake atirikta jaba sAmAjika jaTilatAe~ bar3hane lagI, to manuSya ke sammukha eka prazna yaha bhI pAyA ki vaha una bAtoM ko jinako ki vaha apane jIvana ke lie Avazyaka samajhatA hai athavA jo use acchI lagatI haiM, apanI AgAmI santAnoM ke liye kisa prakAra surakSita chodd'eN| ye prazna bhinna-bhinna dezoM meM vibhinna lipiyoM dvArA hala kiye gaye / yahA~ lipi sambandhI do eka bAteM smaraNa rakhanI caahie| prathama yaha ki prAcIna kAla meM dharma, sAhitya tathA itihAsa kA lipi se utanA ghaniSTa sambandha nahIM thA jitanA Aja hai / Aja lipi ke abhAva meM sAhitya, itihAsa Adi kA honA asambhava sA pratIta hotA hai, parantu vAstava meM aisA nahIM hai| lipi ke For Private And Personal Use Only Page #9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa abhAva meM bhI sAhitya, itihAsa Adi ho sakate haiM aura the, kevala itanA aMtara ho jAtA hai ki ve anizcita se rahate haiMdhameM jaMtra-maMtra kA, sAhitya kavitA kA aura itihAsa lokakathAoM kA rUpa grahaNa kara letA hai| hamAre vaidika maMtra, rAmAyaNa tathA mahAbhArata kI kathAe~ yUnAniyoM kI TrAya, eDipasa Adi kI kahAniyA~ tathA vibhinna dezoM kI paramparAgata lokakathAe~ isake udAharaNa svarUpa haiN| ataH lekhana kalA ke abhAva meM dharma, sAhitya, itihAsa Adi kA honA sambhava hai| dvitIya yaha ki lipi se Azaya kevala varNa-lipi se hI nahIM hai| jisa prakAra lekhana-kalA ke abhAva meM sAhitya kA honA sambhava hai, usI prakAra varNamAlA ke abhAva meM lipi kA honA bhI sambhava hai / varNamAlA ke abhAva meM manuSya rajju, rekhA, citra Adi dvArA apane bhAvoM tathA vicAroM ko lipibaddha karatA thaa| ataH lipi ke antargata varNa-lipi ke atirikta rajju-lipi, rekhAlipi, citra lipi Adi bhI A jAtI haiN| ina saba kA kAlakramAnusAra vizada varNana nIce kiyA jaaygaa| / 1) rajju athavA granthi-lipi-hindI zabda 'varSagA~Tha' tathA phArasI - (sAla giraha ) kA artha hai 'sAla kI gA~Tha' / kucha hI samaya pUrva aura kisI-kisI ghara meM to, jahA~ ki striyA~ adhika vayovRddha, apar3ha tathA prAcIna vicAra kI haiM, Ajakala bhI, bacce kI janma-tithi ke dina eka varSa vyatIta hone para sUna kI DorI meM eka gA~Tha lagA dI jAtI hai jisase unheM smaraNa rahe ki unakA baccA kitane varSa kA hai| isake atirikta prAyaH kisI bAta kA smaraNa rakhane ke liye Ajakala bhI gA~Tha bA~dhI jAnI hai| g2Aliba kA rumAla meM gA~The bA~dha kara kavitA yAda rakhanA to prasiddha hI hai| skAuTa bhI ghAsa Adi meM gA~Tha lagA kara saMkera banAta hai| ina bAtoM se siddha hotA hai ki bhArata meM kisI For Private And Personal Use Only Page #10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi kA AviSkAra samaya granthi lipi kA pracAra avazya thaa| sambhavataH prAcIna sAhitya rajju athavA sUta ke Dore Adi meM choTI-bar3I aneka prakAra tathA raGga kI gA~The lagA kara hI surakSita rakkhA jAtA thA aura pustakoM kA svarUpa vahI thaa| sambhava hai saMskRta 'sUtra granthoM' kA bhI isase koI sambandha ho / itihAsa se isa bAta kA patA calatA hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM isa prakAra kI lipi pracalita thii| uttarI amarIkA tathA cIna kA zikSA-vikAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki vahAM kI sarva prathama lipi rajju-lipi hI thii| vahA~ sAdhAraNa bolacAla ke atirikta rAjanaitika tathA aitihAsika ghaTanAe~ Adi bhI isI meM lipi-baddha hotI thIM / eka rassI meM ba~dhI huI sUkSma, sthUla tathA anya aneka prakAra kI granthiyA~ vibhinna bhAvoM kI prakAzaka thIM, udAharaNArtha raMgIna tAge vastuvAcaka bhAvoM ke prakAzaka the, jaise zveta tAgA cA~dI athavAzAnti kA, lAla yuddha athavA svarNa kA dyotaka hotA thaa| sambhava hai lipi cinhoM kA nAma 'varNa' rassiyoM ke vibhinna varNoM ( raMgoM) ke kAraNa hI par3A ho / pIru meM rajju lipi ko kiSu (Quipu) kahate the| pIru kI sarva prathama pustaka isI lipi meM hai| isameM praviyana senA kA varNana hai| yaha pustaka prApya to aba bhI hai, parantu Ajakala abovya hai| ataH sarva prathama lipi, rajja-lipi thI / yahA~ yaha na bhUlanA cAhiye ki bhASA kA prArambha vAkyoM se huA hai, ataH tAgoM ke vibhinna varNa athavA granthiyoM ke vividha prakAra pUrNa bhAva athavA vicAra ke dyotaka the, manobhAva ke nahIM arthAna vAkyoM ke dyotaka the, zabdoM ke nhiiN| (2) rekhA lipi-prAyaH anapar3ha vayovRddha dUkAnadAra tathA striyA~ rupaye paise kA hisAba kAgaja athavA dIvAloM para khar3I par3I, Ter3hI-sIdhI rekhAe~ khIMca kara karate haiN| hindI 0 1 2 3,urdU * 1 Pro ityAdi kA vikAsa kramazaH - = = For Private And Personal Use Only Page #11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa tathA / // // // A Adi rekhAoM se huA hai / maNDala matAlambI manovaijJAnikoM kA mata hai ki samasta rekhA-citra tathA cinha maNDala 'O' arthAta zanya se nikale haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki hinduoM kA dhArmika cinha svastikA) (jarmanoM kA dhArmika cinha ), (musalamAnoM kA dhArmika cinha ), + (isAiyoM kA krAsa ) Adi saba maNDala ' meM parivartita ho sakate haiN| isa mata kA AdhAra yaha hai ki mastiSka kendra meM sailsa ( cells) maNDalAkAra hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki choTe bacce jaba svatantra rUpa se DrAiMga khIMcate haiM to ve prAyaH apane mastiSka kI sailsa kI pratichAyA svarUpa gola-mola lakIreM hotI haiN| isase pragaTa hai ki aGgoM kI utpatti rekhAoM se "huI hai; aura kyoMki anekoM bhApA-lipiyoM meM do eka aGka aise milate haiM jinakA rUpa kisI na kisI vaNa se milatA hai jaise uda(1) arabI 1 (alipha) se. (3) phA0 (sIna) ke zoze, se, hindI 5 kA prAcIna rUpa cihna naM0 1. hindI ke 'pa' varNa se romana 5 10 kramazaH a~grejI ke v aura x varNa saM. grIka 1, 2, 18, 20 Adi grIka varNa alaphA, bITA, AiaoTA, kAppA yAdi (kramazaH cihna naM0 2, 3, 4, 5) se milate hai| ataH aGkoM kI utpatti sambhavataH varNoM se pUrva ho cukI thii| ataeva rekhA-lipi kisI samaya eka niyamita tathA sasambaddha lipi avazya thii| sammavataH jaba rajju lipi se kAma na calA hogA to rekhA lipi kA pracAra huA hogaa| prAcIna kAla meM bhinnAkAra nakkAzIdAra lakar3I athavA patthara kAma meM lAe jAte the| aphrIkA kI kucha jaGgalI jAtiyoM meM rekhAlipi kA aba bhI pracAra hai| yahA~ yaha bAta yAda rakhanI cAhiye ki rekhA-lipi se varNoM kI apekSA aGkoM kI udbhAvanA adhika sambhava hai| For Private And Personal Use Only Page #12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi kA AviSkAra (3) bhAva-prakAzaka lipi-kisI bhASA athavA lipi ke itihAsa meM baccoM kA bhASArjana karanA, asabhya tathA jaMgalI jAtiyoM kI lipiyoM kA jJAna prApta karanA, ityAdi bahuta sahAyaka hote haiN| hama dekhate haiM ki choTe bacce citra-racanA (Picture composition ) meM citroM dvArA pUrI kahAnI banA lete haiN| isI prakAra jaba manuSya nakAzI aAdi karane lagA aura citrakalA kI unnati ho gaI, to bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke citroM dvArA paraspara vicAra-vinimaya hone lgaa| ye citra prAyaH zilAoM, per3a kI chAloM tathA jAnavaroM kI khAloM, haDDiyoM, sIMcA, dA~toM Adi para banAye jAte the| aba bhI anekoM citra kailIphorniyA kI ghATI tathA skATalaiMDa meM pattharoM para, ohiyo riyAsata meM per3a kI chAloM para, laipalaiMDa meM DhIloM para tathA auvarna (phrAMsa ) meM sIMcoM para khude hue pAe jAte haiN| prArambha meM eka citra dvArA sampUrNa ghaTanA kA bodha hotA thaa| isa prakAra kI ghaTanA-prakAzaka citra-lipi amarIkA ke aAdi tivAsiyoM meM pracalita thii| tatpazcAta pRthaka-pRthaka vastuoM se utpanna bhAvoM ke lie eka-eka citra-saMketa ( Idtograph) Ane lgaa| isa prakAra kI bhAva-bAdhaka citra lipi maiksiko tathA mizra ke Adi nivAsiyoM meM pracalita thii| bAda meM jaba saMvAda samajhane meM kaThinatA huI aura kabhIkabhI viparIta samAcAra gRhIta hue, to eka-eka mUrta athavA amUrta padArtha ke lie eka-eka bhAva citra Ane lagA, udAharaNArtha prAcIna cInI citra lipi meM per3oM se 'bane', do mile hue hAthoM se 'mitratA' Adi kA bodha hotA thaa| kAlAntara meM ye citra saMkSipta hokara sAMketika cihna mAtra raha ge| udAharaNArtha prophainda (Grotefend) ke matAnusAra romana aMka prAcIna kAla meM bhAva citroM ke dyotaka the, yathA I, II tathA III aMguliyoM ke dyotaka. V a~gUThe aura usake pAsa kI a~gUlI dvArA banane vAle koNa For Private And Personal Use Only Page #13 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa kA dyotaka X () donoM hAthoM vA dyotaka aura 1V, VI, VII, VIII, IX Adi aMguliyoM ke ghaTane-bar3hane se banane vAle hAtha athavA hAthoM ke dyotaka sAMketika cihna the| kahIM-kahIM to ye sAMketika-cihna itane parivartita ho gae ki inakA apane mUla-citroM se leza mAtra bhI sambandha nahIM rahA aura unake pratIka bana gae, udAharaNArtha prAcIna cInI lipi meM 'kuttA' tathA 'lakar3I' ke bhAva-citra kramazaH na06 tathA 7 the, parantu adhunika cInI lipi meM inake sAMketika cihna athavA pratIka kramazaH naM08 tathA 6 haiN| jaTila bhAvoM Adi kA dyotana karane ke lie do tIna bhAva-citra milA lie jAte the, jaise prAcIna cInI lipi meM sAdhu kA bodha parvata para manuSya rahane ke bhAva-citra naM010 dvArA hotA thA aura Adhunika cInI-lipi meM bhI sAMketika cihna naM0 11 dvArA hotA hai| isI prakAra vivAhitA strI ke lie strI tathA jhAr3a ke, prema karane ke lie strI tathA putra ke, rakSA ke lie strI para hAtha ke, andhakAra ke lie vRkSa ke nIce sUrya ke, prakAza ke lie vRkSa para candra-sUrya ke, sAMketika citra banAe jAte the| kyUnIphArma lipi meM bandIgRha ke lie ghara tathA andhakAra ke, azru ke lie jala tathA A~kha ke aura mistrI meM pyAsa ke lie jala tathA usakI ora daur3ate hue pazu-vatsa ke sAMketika cihna banAe jAte the| isI prakAra reDa iMDiyana jAti meM samaya ke lie vRtta kA, kuTumba ke lie agni kA, zAnti ke lie pAipa kA aura zIghratA ke lie paMkha phailAe hue pakSI kA prayoga hotA thaa| cU~ ki ye sAMketika cihna zabdoM kI bhAMti prayukta hote the, ataH isa lipi ko zabda-lipi kaha sakate haiM / ye sAMketika cihna bhinnabhinna dezoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke the| udAharaNArtha sumera tathA mizra ke jala-cihna kramazaH naM0 12 tathA 13 the| isI prakAra cIna meM mitratA kA bodha do mile hue hAthoM se hotA thA, parantu For Private And Personal Use Only Page #14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lapi kA AviSkAra amarIkA kI raiDa iMDiyana jAti meM a~gUra kI bela dvArA hotA thaa| + (yoga),-(ghaTAnA),x (guNA), bhAga, : (cU~ki), :: (isalie), =(barAbara),> ( apekSAkRta bar3A),<( apekSA kRta choTA ),( smaanaantr)A(tribhuj)| (lamba) Adi tathA O (candramA),O (sUrya), naM0 14 (pRthvI), naM0 15 (vRhaspati) naM0 16 (maGgala), naM0 17 (zukra), naM018 (zanizcara ) Adi bhI, jinako sarva saMsAra ke gaNitajJa tathA bhUgolajJa athavA jyotiSI eka hone ke kAraNa samajha lete haiM, sambhavataH isI prakAra ke cihna haiN| vizapa vilkisa ke mata se bhI, jo ki inako atyanta prAcIna aura vizva bhASA ( universal language ) kA avazeSa cihna mAnatA hai, isakI puSTi hotI hai| skAuTa aAjakala bhI isa prakAra ke zabda cihnoM kA prayoga karate haiM, jaise naM0 13, 16,->,O,+ Adi kramazaH jala, DerA, Ao, ghara, bhaya Adi ke dyotaka haiM / yahA~ yaha yAda rakhanA cAhie ki skAuTa cihoM kA, jo abhI kucha samaya pUrva nirmita hA hai. prAcIna zabda-prakAzaka-citra lipi se koI sambandha nahIM hai| ( 4 ) dhvani prakAzaka citra lipiH-mUrta padArthoM kA to vAstavika sAMketika citroM dvArA aura amUrta padArthoM kA sAMketika cihnoM dvArA prakAzana ho jAtA thA ora jaTila bhAvoM ke lie do tIna bhAva-citra saMyukta kara lie jAte the, parantu vyaktivAcaka saMjJAoM ko vyakta karane ke lie koI cihna na thaa| isa AvazyakatA kI pUrti bhAva-citroM ko dhvani-citroM meM pariNata karake kI gaI, udAharaNArtha maiksiko keca turtha rAjA 'itjakola' kA nAma maiksakana 'itja' (cAkU) tathA 'kola' (sarpa) ke bhAva-citroM dvArA likhA gayA hai| isa prakAra mUla citroM se sAMketika bhAva-citra aura bhAva citroM se dhvani-citra bane / For Private And Personal Use Only Page #15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 8 lipi-vikAsa ( ka ) samoccAraka zabda-lipi-jaba bhAva-citra dhvanicitroM meM pariNata hone lage to kucha samaya pazcAt samoccAraka zabdoM ke lie eka lipi-cihna prayukta hone lgaa| kyoMki ina lipi-cihnoM kA sambandha maukhika dhvaniyoM se thA, ataH ise maukhika ( Verbal ) lipi bhI kahate haiN| yaha lipi prAcIna kAla meM mistra meM pracalita thI aura cIna meM to aba bhI pracalita hai : eka udAharaNa se usakA rUpa spaSTa ho jaaygaa| cInI meM eka moccAraka zabda hai mu, muka, moka athavA muGga jisakA dhvani-cihna hai naM0 20 joki socanA, soca, socanIya, socA, socatA hai, sAcU~gA, socegA Adi saba ke lie AtA hai arthAt jisa prakAra hindI meM kisI zabda ke saMjJA, kriyA, vizeSaNa Adi bhinna-bhinna zabda-bhedoM, strIliGga, pulliGga Adi vibhinna liGgoM, eka vacana, bahuvacana Adi vibhinna vacanoM, uttama, madhyama Adi vibhinna puruSoM, kartA, karma Adi vibhinna kArakoM, bhUta bhaviSyata Adi vibhinna kAloM athavA kAla-bhedoM meM bhinna-bhinna rUpa Ate haiM, usa prakAra cInI meM nahIM hotA, usameM ina saba dazAoM meM eka hI rUpa rahatA hai| samoccAraka zabdoM ko aMgrejI meM Homophones kahate haiM / homophonsa ve zabda haiM jinameM eka hI uccAraNa se anekoM zabdoM kA kAma cala sake arthAt eka zabda athavA zabda-cihna ke kaI artha hoN| cInI meM isa prakAra ke aneka. homophonsa haiN| kisI zabda ko nizcayapUrvaka samajhane ke lie pratyeka dhvani-cihna ke sAtha usakI TIkA ( Key ) svarUpa eka bhAva-cihna prayukta hotA hai| udAharaNArtha cInI meM 'pA' dhvani-bodhaka cinha naM0 21 ke ATha artha haiN| isake sAtha kele ke artha meM vRkSA kI, ghAva ke artha meM roga kI, cillAhaTa ke artha meM mukha kI TIkA arthAt bhAva-bodhaka cinha lagAyA jAtA hai| For Private And Personal Use Only Page #16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi kA AviSkAra (kha ) akSara (Syllable) lipi-tatpazcAt lekhanapraNAlI ko sarala karane ke lie jina zabdoM ke Adi meM samAna anara (ekAca pada athavA padAMza) thA unako ekacitra karake sava sammilita akSara kA pRthaka dhvani-cinha Ane lagA arthAta AdyAkSara siddhAntAnusAra sAMketika dhvani-cinha AkSarika saMketoM ke lie prayukta hone lge| AkSarika cinhoM kA nirmANa hone para unako saMyukta karake anekAkSaroM kA bodha karAyA jAne lgaa| isa prakAra bahuta se aneka dhvani bodhana ( Polyphonic ) pratIka bana gae jinakaM artha kA spaSTIkaraNa karane ke lie anekoM vizeSaNoM kA prayoga hone lgaa| ye vizeSaNa vizeSa tathA jAtibodhaka do prakAra ke hone the| udAharaNArtha mistrI-lipi meM cinha naM061 meM prathama do dhvani-bodhaka saMketa 'sera' kI dhvani ke pratIka haiM / inake bAda eka pazu kA citra hai| yaha pazu-citra vizeSaNa vizepa hai| jAti bodhaka vizeSaNa kevala mukhya-mukhya sthaloM para hI prayukta hote the jaise 'cakSu' kA prayoga dRSTi sambandhI zabdoM ke lie, 'do TA~go' kA prayoga calane se sambandha rakhane vAle zabdoM ke lie aura 'battana' kA prayoga pakSImAtra ke lie hotA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki vizeSa vizeSaNa to bahuta se the parantu jAti bodhaka vizeSaNa bahuta thor3e the| maukhika lipi se AkSarika lipi ke vikAsa kA sarvottama udAharaNa cInI lipi meM jApAnI lipi kA udbhava hai| isa parivartana meM vijAtIya saMsarga atyanta sahAyaka hai| yadyapi cInI Aja taka maukhika lipi se Age na bar3ha sakI, parantu jApAniyoM ne, jinakI bhASA anekAkSarI thI, cInI vargoM ko AkSarika cinhoM ke rUpa meM prayoga karanA prArambha kara diyA, jaise cInI sAMketika cinhoM 'si', naM0 22, kAsAkAnA (jApAnI) meM naM0 23 ke For Private And Personal Use Only Page #17 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa rUpa meM 'tsI' akSara ke lie AtA hai| yUkreTika upatyakA kI saimeTika kIlAkSara ( Cuneiform ) lipi bhI isakA sundara udAharaNa hai| meksiko ke Adi nivAsI ejaTika logoM meM bhI isakA pracAra thaa| ukta prakAra ke parivartanoM arthAt mUlabhAva-bodhaka citra lipi se AkSarika lipi taka ke vikAsa ko samajhane ke lie eka do udAharaNa de denA adhika yuktisaGgata hogaa| kyUnIphArma tathA misrI lipi meM yaha sabhI parivartana pAe jAte haiN| kyUnIphArma lipi meM tAre kA mUla citra naM0 24 thA, isakA saralIkRta rUpa naM. 24 AkAza kA vAcaka huaa| 'proTo-vaibIloniyana dharma meM nakSatroM kI upAsanA mukhya thii| isalie yaha mAMketika cihna 'bhagavAna' ke lie pratIkAtmaka bhAvavodhaka citra bnaa| bhagavAna ke lie aikeDiyana bhASA meM 'ainA' hai| isakA saralIkRta rUpa huA aina' / isa prakAra hamane dekhA ki pahale to sAMketika cihna AkAza kA bodha karAne vAlA bhAva-bodhaka cihna banA aura bhagavAna ke lie prayukta huA aura antima avasthA meM vaha kevala 'aina' ke uccAraNa- bodhaka dhvani-bodhaka cihna ke rUpa meM prayukta huaa| jaba eka bAra mUladhvani-bodhaka saMketoM se akSaroM kA nirmANa hogayA to ina akSaroM ko milA kara anekAkSarI zabdoM kA bodha karAyA jAne lgaa|' isI prakAra mitrI meM 5 'vaMzI' kA citra 'uttamatA' kA pratIka samajhA jAtA thaa| lanpazcAt vaha 'acche kA bodha karAne ke liva dhvani-bodhaka saMkata bnaa| mistrI bhASA meM isake lie 'nephara' zabda hai / parantu yaha dhvani-saMketa do zabdoM ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai-eka kA artha 'acche' kA hai aura dUsare kA 'yathAsambhava' / ataeva hama dekhate haiM ki vahI vizva bhAratI khaNDa 1 pRSTha 354 OM vizva bhAratI khaNDa 1 pRSTha 355 For Private And Personal Use Only Page #18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ For Private And Personal Use Only O K p 4+20+ . 25 1-<<< 32 llh 40 *H*R M maka < 2 a 13 n R& D hRda W 41 V dara 3 by 55 Fin 91 THE D X 26 d $8 43 56 te m 50 athavA 4 V 13 20 26 - ax V 83 M (c) w O 57 5. H 13 31 E 25 {.=> n ** nae oma a ax c bbweon Th 11 3* S * > * + 3 M 52 211 Y 42 d off + n 23 Fi 35 3; 46 EX 21 60 e arran Not w 312701 966 14 * S ae mn ?.... R 1113= Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Page #19 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi kA AviSkAra saMketa 'vaMzI' kA bodha karAne ke lie bhAva-bodhaka citra-saMketa hai aura 'acchAI kA bodha karAne ke lie bhAva-bodhaka pratIka hai| phira vahI 'yathAsambhava' ke artha meM dhvani-bodhaka upasarga 'nephara' banA aura anta meM 'ne' kA bodha karAne ke lie AkSarika saMketa bana gayA ( ne 'nekara' A AdyakSara hai)| (ga) Adyadhvani (vyaMjana) mUlaka lipiH--java mAnasika zakti kA adhika vikAsa huA aura zabdoM tathA akSoM kI dhvayaniyoM kA aMzataH vizleSaNa hone lagA to pratyeka prAya vyaJjana ke lie eka pRthaka sAMketika cihna prayukta hone lgaa| ina Adya vyaJjanoM kA pRthakkaraNa bhI Adya akSaroM kI bhAMti hI huA hogaa| sambhavataH prArambha meM jo vastu jaisI hotI thI usakI AkRti ke anukaraNa para vaisA hI cihna usake Adi vyaJjana ke lie Ane lagA, udAharaNArtha brAhmI meM dha kA rUpa dhanuSAkRti ke samAna naM0 26, ka kA kAtirikA ke samAna +, ca kA camasA ke samAna naM0 27, va kA vINA ke samAna naM0 28, ta kA tAr3a ke samAna naM0 26, ga kA gagana cinha ke samAna naM030 thA, arabI meM AS Adi ke prArambhika rUpa kramazaH -- (jamala = U~Ta) kI gardana, 8, (baita= ghara ) ke cinha, - (kapha = hathelI) ke cinha 5 (aina = A~kha) ke cinha .. (mAe = jala ) ke cinha ke samAna the| isI prakAra aMgarejI meM A B DPM Q R Adi kramazaH ukAva, bagulA, hAtha, misrI varI, mUlaka ( ulUka), koNa, muMha Adi ke mUla citroM se bane haiM (aMgarejI akSaroM kA nikAsa-citra dekho)| M meM to ullU kA rUpa aba bhI spaSTa lakSita hotA hai, M kI donoM coTiyA~ ullU ke donoM kAna, bIca kI noka coMca aura pahalI sIdhI lakora vakSaHsthala kI dyotaka haiN| mistrI-bhASA meM ulUka ko mUlaka kahate haiN| prArambha meM ulUka kA citra mUlaka dyotaka bhAva citra rahA hogA jo For Private And Personal Use Only Page #20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa zanaiH zanaiH dhvani-bodhaka citra meM pariNata ho gayA hogA, tadatantara vaha AdyAkSaroccAraNa siddhAnta ( Acrologie Principle) ke anusAra 'mU' akSara kA dyotaka AkSarika cinha bana gayA hogaa| aura anta meM kevala 'ma' vyaJjana dhvani kA dyotaka raha gayA hogaa| varNa-cinha kA kramazaH, vikAsa mitrI hAparoglAiphika (naM0 31), hAereTika (naM0 32), phinIziyana (naM033) tathA romana (M) saMketa cinhoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| pratyeka lipi meM kucha na kucha varNacinha isa prakAra avazya bane hoNge| brAhmI meM kucha lipi-cinha aise bhI haiM jo devatAoM ke sAMketika cinhoM dvArA bane haiN| (gha) vaNaM mUlaka lipi-tatpazcAta zabdoM tathA akSara kI samasta dhvaniyoM kA vizleSaNa hone lagA aura pratyeka dhvani ke liye lipi-cinha nirmita ho gaeH parantu saba lipi cinha vastuoM ke anukaraNa para nahIM bane, kyoMki adhikatara prAcIna lipi-cinha aise haiM jinakA unase uccarita hone vAlI vastuoM kI AkRti se koI sAdRzya nahIM hai, udAharaNArtha apa (jala) ke zrAdya varNa 'a' kA prAcIna rUpa sumera jala cinha naM0 12 ke samAna hai / aba prazna yaha hai ki 'a' jala cinha ke hI samAna kyoM huA ? 'a' dhvani kA usase kyA sambandha hai ? isakA samAdhAna vastu vAcaka anukaraNAtmaka citra lipi se nahIM ho sakatA / aneka prAcIna lipi cinha aise haiM jinakA prAkAra unake uccAraNa meM bhASaNAvayavoM dvArA utpanna hone vAlI AkRti se milatA-julatA hai, udAharaNArtha anunAsika dhvaniyoM ke uccAraNa meM donoM nathane yA to phUla kara naM0 34 ko bhA~ti athavA sikur3a kara naM0 35 kI bhA~ti ho jAte haiN| samaya kI mAtrA prakaTa karane ke lie hindI meN|, 5 tathA a~garejI meM,-prayukta hote haiM aura vaidika sAhitya meM svarita svara ke Upara / ' aura anudAtta ke nIce For Private And Personal Use Only Page #21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir aMgrejI akSaroM kA vikAsa citra marame -m momawa - - - DAyareka CHiezelie) phinIziyana romana apAmA tal Photrician (Romanor Finanzliche milI hAroznA phika (hieroglyphic) ukAva |agulA siMhAsana b@ s - hasta mala bhulaiyA calanI / samAnAntara rekhA pyAlA siMhanI 66 NX of isot z 3r - I TIPOLO DE ullU - jala khir3akI koNa 76 MUSBV mukha jala upnAna a x+ kI kI pI3 h aMzata: vizvabhAratI pR 3515 ra 1 ke Ara para. new m e aniw omenrmmernmereum For Private And Personal Use Only Page #22 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi kA AviSkAra --' lagA dete the, usI prakAra anunAsika dhvaniyoM ke sAtha ( vindu) kA prayoga hotA hai / isakI puSTi isase bhI hotI hai ki skAuTiMga, pulisa Adi meM lambI tathA choTI AvAjoM ko vyakta karane ke lie kramazaH cinhoM kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise -. -.--, - - - - -, ityaadi| ataH Ga, na, ma, Adi anunAsika dhvaniyoM ke svarUpa rekhA tathA vindu dvArA nirmita naM036, 37 Adi rahe hoMge jaisA ki vibhinna dezoM kI anunAsika dhvaniyoM ke prAcIna lipi-cinhoM se prakaTa hai-yathA vaidika naM038,36 samara naM040, 41 bhitra naM042, 43 phinIziyana naM0 44, 33 valma naM045, 46 hindI Ga, , urdU 0 ityAdi se / ataH anekoM dhvaniyoM ke lipi-cinhoM kA nirmANa unake uccAraNa meM bhASaNAvayavoM dvArA utpanna hone vAlI AkRtiyoM ke bhadde citroM dvArA huA hai| prAcIna kAla meM roma tathA misra meM isa prakAra kI dhvanyAtmaka lipi pracalita thii| varNamAlA kA pracAra sarva prathama misra meM huaa| varNoM ke Adhunika aSTavarga, aoSTaya, dantya, tAlavya kaMTha Adi se bhI bhApaNAvayavoM kA mahatva prakaTa hotA hai| International Phonetis Association dvArA Phonograph ( phonogrApha) kI sahAyatA se AviSkRta dhanyAtmaka lipi ( phonetic script) isI kA vikasita rUpa hai| brAhmI Adi pratyekalipi ke varNoM tathA aGkoM kI utpatti tathA vikAsa isI kramAnusAra huA hai| aba prazna kevala itanA raha jAtA hai ki dhvanyAtmaka lipi dvArA vargoM kA AviSkAra hone para ve vaise hI rahe athavA unameM phira kucha parivartana huaa| kisI bhI deza athavA bhASA kI Adhunika tathA prAcIna lipiyoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se prakaTa hotA hai ki ve eka dUsare se nitAnta bhinna haiN| Adhunika lipiyA~ prAcIna lipiyoM kA paripakva, vikasita tathA unnata svarUpa pratIta For Private And Personal Use Only Page #23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 14 lipi - vikAsa hotI haiN| kisI-kisI varNa athavA aMka meM to itanA parivartana ho gayA hai ki pahacAnanA taka kaThina hai aura prAcIna tathA Adhunika rUpoM meM koI sambandha pratIta nahIM hotA jaise i u e gaNana mayara Adi ke prAcIna ( kramazaH naM0 47, 8, 4, naM0 30, 4,8,, naM0 46, Adi ) tathA navIna rUpoM meM / ke udAharaNa se yaha viSaya aura bhI spaSTa ho jAyagA / a, vizeSataH baM, Ja, dhvani ke uccAraNa meM muha adhika phailatA hai aura usakA AkAra lagabhaga == athavA naM0 50 jaisA ho jAtA hai / ataH a kA AkAra naM0 50 jaisA honA cAhie thA, parantu kyoMki dIrgha 'a' ke uccAraNa meM bhI nikaTatayA vaisA hI AkAra banatA hai, ataH hrasva tathA dIrgha kA bhedaka athavA samaya kI mAtrA kA dyotaka cihna aGkita karanA par3A hogA kyoMki dIrgha A ke uccAraNa meM hrasva kI apekSA dUnA athavA do mAtrA samaya lagatA hai aura samaya kI mAtrA kA cinha '|' thA, ataH lipi cinha kA nirmANa mukhAkRti naM0 20 tathA mAtrA '' ke saMyoga se huA aura ke AkAra prArambha meM sambhavataH kucha kucha naM0 51, 52, jaise rahe hoMge, parantu kyoMki azoka kAlIna brAhmI se, jisa se ki hindI kA niSkramaNa huA, pUrva kI lipi aprApya hai, ataH Adhunika kA prAcInatama prApya rUpa naM0 53 jaisA rUpa tathA '' kisa prakAra huA ? ukta prakAra ke parivartanoM ke kAraNa nimnalikhita haiM kAraNa : -- (1) lekhana sAmagrI kI vibhinnatA - prAcIna kAla meM Ajakala ke se kAgaja-kalama na the / kAgaja kA Avi kAra to bahuta bAda meM (tIsarI zatA0 pUrva tathA pazcAt ke madhya ) huA hai / sarva prathama cIna meM rezama kA kAgaja banA, phira sAilana ( Tsilon ) ne patniyoM ke rezoM se kAgaja banAyA / caMgeja khA~ ke cInI hamale se isakA pracAra tAtAra meM ho gayA / bhArata For Private And Personal Use Only Page #24 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi kA AviSkAra meM yoM to cIthar3e gUdar3oM ko kUTakara cauthI zatAbdI meM kAgaja banane lagA thA, parantu isakA ThIka prakAra prArambha mohammada gaurI ke AkramaNa se aura pracAra akabara ke samaya se huA / iGgalaiMDa meM 1460 I0pa0 meM kAgaja banA / ataH 11 vIM zatAbdI se pUrva bhArata meM kAgaja kA pracAra na thaa| isase pUrva kA kAma zilA ( hanumAnajI kA vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kI spardhA meM zilAoM para rAmAyaNa kI racanA karanA prasiddha hI hai), tAmra patra, tAr3apatra, carma patra, lakar3I ke takhte (bAda meM bhoja patra) Adi se liyA jAtA thA,ataH mRdula lekhanI se kAma nahIM cala sakatA thA aura lohe ke puSTa sUje Adi se kAma liyA jAtA thA, udAharaNArtha roma tathA misra meM haDDI se, yuphraTisa upatyakA meM kIloM se lekhanI kA kAma liyA jAtA thA / mRdula kAgaja para likhane kI apekSA zilA, tAr3apatra Adi kaThora padArthoM para likhane meM varSoM kA rUpa Ter3hA-mer3hA ho jAtA hai| jyoM-jyoM mRdula lekhanI tathA patra kA pracAra hotA gayA tyoM tyoM vaNoM ke rUpa meM bhI hera-phera hotA gayA aura rekhAe~ sIdhI tathA mundara hotI gii| (2) vaijJAnika AdhAra kA lopaH-kAlAntara meM lipi cinha tathA uccAraNa kAlIna mukhAkRti kA sambandha vismRta ho gayA aura rekhAe~ mukhAkRti kI dadyotaka na raha kara kevala rekhA mAtra samajhI jAne lagI ! phalataH unakI sthiti tathA rUpa meM bahuta bheda ho gyaa| anekoM rekhAe~Dse athavA -se naM0 54 na0 45 se naM0 1, ) se 7, ityAdi ho gii| sambhavataH a kA prArambhika rUpa naM051 bhI isI prakAra vikRta hokara na0 53 jaisA ho gayA hogaa| (3) likhane kI rAti:-nizcaya, saralatA, tvarA-lekhana. sundaratA Adi lipi guNoM ke kAraNa bhI aneka vikAra hote rahate haiN| For Private And Personal Use Only Page #25 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa * (ka) tvarA lekhana:-zIghratA se likhane meM rekhAoM ke rUpA meM prAyaH parivartana ho jAtA hai udAharaNArtha 'a' 'ra' Adi likhane meM naM0 55,56 jaise hojAte haiN| zIghratA se likhane meM lekhanI kama uThAI jAtI hai aura rekhAe~ prAyaH mila jAtI haiN| sirabandI kA lopa ho jAnA to sAdhAraNa sI bAta hai| sambhava hai kisI samaya sirabandI tvarAlekhana meM bAdhaka hone ke kAramA vilkula hI haTA dI jAya / (kha) sundaratA tathA nizcaya-prAcIna kAla meM varNoM ke Upara sirabandI na hone ke kAraNa kurUpatA ke atirikta bar3I gar3abar3a bhI hotI hogii| ataH saundarya vRddhi tathA nizcaya ke lie varNoM ke Upara eka choTI pagar3I-sI (-) rakaravI jAne lagI jo do aMzoM meM vibhakta hotI thii| kAlAntara meM ye donoM aMza tvarAlekhana ke kAraNa mila kara eka ho gae aura sirabandI meM parivartita ho gae / prAcIna chaH (naM057) tathA nau (naM0 58) meM adhika antara na thA, ataH aba 6 tathA 6 rUpa ho gae / isI prakAra akAr3a varNoM meM sundaratA ke lie eka tIra kI noMka sI lagA dI jAtI thI jaisA ki naM0 56 se prakaTa hai| hindIe kA navIna rUpa naM0 60 aAdhunika nayA pracalita rUpa 'e' se kahIM adhika sundara hai| (ga) saralatA-kisI-kisI varNa kA rUpa kliSTa hotA hai aura usake sarala karane meM anekoM revAe~ vakra se sarala ho jAtI hai, udAharaNArtha tta, kA athavA kla, daya ke sthAna meM ta, kta, dya Adi Ane lage haiN| isI prakAra vaidika naM0 38 kA ho gyaa| pAzcAtya lipiyoM meM pUrvAtya lipiyoM kI apekSA rekhAoM kA vikAsa vakratA se saralatA kI ora adhika hai ! kabhI-kabhI saralatA ke kAraNa vargoM ke prAcIna rUpoM kA lopa aura navIna rUpoM For Private And Personal Use Only Page #26 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi kA AviSkAra 17 kI utpatti bhI hotI hai, jaise hindI meM a kI jagaha marAThI a likhane kA pracAra adhika ho rahA hai tathA marAThI meM i, u, e ke sthAna meM a, a, a Ane lage haiM / [4] vibhASa - mizraNa - kisI bhASA kA vibhASA se saMsarga hone para usameM anekoM navIna dhvaniyA~ A jAtI haiM aura unake dyotaka navIna cinha bhI bana jAte haiM udAharaNArtha hindI meM arabIphArasI ke saMsarga se qa, sna, g2a, 'z2a, fa, jha, Ja Adi tathA a~grejI ke prabhAva se aeN eN Adi kA Agama ho gayA hai / r3a r3ha, v, nha, mha Adi bhI navIna dhvani saMketa haiM / --- niSkarSa - sArAMza yaha hai ki lipi ke vikAsa kI mukhya avasthAe~ kramAnusAra rajju athavA graMthi lipi, bhAva tathA dhvanibodhaka citra lipi tathA vastu athavA mukha AkRti mUlaka dhvanyAtmaka lipi haiM / dhvanyAtmaka lipi dvArA nirdhArita lipi cinha kAlAntara meM pUrNatayA vastu athavA mukha AkRti se sambaddha hokara unake dyotaka na rahe aura likhane ke DhaGga arthAt nizcaya, saralatA, saundarya, tvarAlekhana Adi lipi guNoM ke kAraNa samaya samaya para vikUna hote rahane ke kAraNa Adhunika rUpoM meM parivartita ho gae aura vizuddha varNamAlA bana gaI jisameM vibhASAmizraNa ke kAraNa anekoM navIna dhvaniyoM tathA cinhoM kA Agama hotA rahatA hai / For Private And Personal Use Only Page #27 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bhArata kI prAcIna lipiyA~ marAThI, gujarAtI, parvatiyA, ur3iyA, baMgalA, zAradA, kanar3I, tAmila, gurumukhI, devanAgirI Adi Adhunika lipiyoM kI varNamAlAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane se hama isa mahatva pUrNa pariNAma para pahu~cate haiM ki nAgarI, marAThI tathA parvatiyA lipiyoM meM pUrNataH sAdRzya hai, AsAmI tathA baMgalA eka hI lipi meM likhI jAtI haiM, ur3iyA vargoM ke sira kI gheredAra pagar3I, jo prAcIna kAla meM lohe kI puSTa lekhanI se tAr3a patra para likhate ke kAraNa unake sira para rakhanI par3atI thI, utAra lene se aneka ur3iyA varNa nAgarI vargoM ke samAna ho jAte haiM, nAgarI vargA kI sira bandI haTA dene se ve gujarAjI sadRza ho jAte haiM. gurumukhI kA. nirmANa zAradA ke AdhAra para, jisakA nAgarI se bahuta sAdRzya hai, huA hai; dakana kI telugu tathA kanar3o aura tAmila tathA malayAlama meM bahuta samAnatA hai aura drAvir3a lipiyoM kA nAgarI se bhI sAdRzya hai / itanA hI nahIM tibbatI, barmI, syAmI, kAmbojI tathA malaya-dvIpI lipiyoM ke varNoM kI bhI nAgarI se samAnatA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki uttarI bhArata kI Adhunika lipiyoM, dakSiNI bhArata kI drAvir3a lipiyoM tathA bhArata ke pArzvavartI dezoM kI lipiyoM kA nAgarI se bahuta kucha sAdRzya hai| ina saba meM varNamAlA, svara-vyaMjana bheda, svara krama, vyaMjanoM kA vargIkaraNa, mAtrA niyama Adi saba lagabhaga eka se hI haiM. kisI meM do eka dhvaniyA~ kama haiM aura kisI meM adhika, jo kucha bheda hai vaha nAma kA hai / itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki nAgarI lipi mUla Arya lipi se sambaddha hai, usako bAda meM drAvir3oM ne For Private And Personal Use Only Page #28 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bhArata kI prAcIna lipiyA~ 16 apanAyA, tadantara bhArata kI pArzvavartI bhASAoM para bhI isakA prabhAva par3A jaisA ki isase spaSTa hai ki pAribhASika zabdoM ke lie ukta saba bhASAoM ne sadaiva saMskRta kA hI sahArA liyA hai| yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki pazcimottara bhArata kI sindhI, kAphira, brAhuI Adi para arabI kA bahuta prabhAva par3A hai, tadanusAra unakI lipi para semiTika kA vizeSa prabhAva hai| ataH Adhunika lipiyoM ke. vizeSataH nAgarI ke, itihAsa kI khoja karane se prAcIna bhAratIya lipiyoM kA jJAna prApta ho sakatA hai| prAgaitihAsika kAla kI khoja karane meM saba se bar3I kaThinatA prAcIna sAmagrI kA abhAva hai| yadyapi bahuta kucha sAmagrI kAla kavalita ho gaI hai, prAcIna pustakAlaya Adi vidhvaMsakAriyoM dvArA naSTa ho cuke haiM, aneka zilAlekha dIvAloM meM cune jAne para zahIda hone kA dAvA kara rahe haiM athavA khude hone ke ghamaNDa meM, silabaTTe kA rUpa dhAraNa karake, choTI-moTI vastuoM (masAle, piTThI, Adi) ko pIsa kara cUra-cUra kara rahe haiM, tAmrapatroM ne bartanoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai aura nitya prati kahAriyoM ke kaThora hAthoM ke ragar3e khAte-khAte apanI upayogitA kho baiThe haiM, sone-cA~dI ke sike komala-kAminiyoM ke aMga kA AbhUSaNa haiM aura unake mRdula sparza kA Ananda le rahe haiM, tadapi dharatI mAtA ne aneka khaMDahara, zikhAlekha tAmrapatra Adi bahuta se ratna apane garbha meM chipA rakkha haiM jo prAcIna smAraka-rakSA vibhAga ke prayatna ke phalasvarUpa samaya-samaya para hamAre sammukha Ate rahate haiM / lipi-sambandhI khojoM kA zreya cAma vilkisa, jemsa TADa Adi pAzcAtya aura hIrAcanda ojhA Adi pUrvAtya vidvAnoM ko hai| ___ azoka se pUrva kI lipi aprApya hai| azoka ke zilAlekhoM se prakaTa hotA hai ki usa samaya (lagabhaga 250 I0 pU0) bhArata varSa meM do lipiyA~ pracalita thIM brAhmI tathA kharoSThI athavA For Private And Personal Use Only Page #29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa kharoSTrI / zahabAjagar3hI aura mAnaserA ke zilAlekha kharoTrI meM aura zeSa brAhmI meM haiM, parantu isake yaha mAnI nahIM haiM ki bhArata meM lipi kA AviSkAra tIsarI cauthI zatAbdI pUrva huA aura isake pUrva koI lipi thI hI nhiiN| aneka pramANa aise haiM jinase siddha hotA hai ki lipi kA AviSkAra azoka se saikar3oM varSa pUrva ho cukA thA, udAharaNArtha, bar3alI tathA piparA meM do lekha pAe gae haiM jo cauthI, pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 pU0 ke haiM. har3appA-mohana jodar3o meM kucha mudrAe~ pAI gaI haiM jo 1000 I. pU. kI haiM, megasthanIjane apanI 'iMDikA' meM likhA hai ki janma-patrikAe~ banatI thIM, 'zIla' nAmaka grantha meM 'akkharikA' khela kA ullekha hai jo u~galI athavA sIMka se likha kara pahelI ke rUpameM khelAjAtA thA, buddha-jIvanI-sambandhI pustaka 'lalita-vistara' meM buddhajI ke cA~dI kI takhtI para svarNalekhanI se likhane kA varNana hai, tathA cInI yAtrI suenaccAMga kA bIsa ghor3oM para 657 pustakeM lAda kara le jAnA prasiddha hI hai| isake atirikta yAska ke nirUkta tathA pANini ke aSTAdhyAyI jaise vyAkaraNika granthoM kI racanA likhita mAhityika granthoM ke abhAva meM honA asambhava hai| vAstava meM bAta yaha hai ki lekhana-kalA to thI, parantu usakA prayoga sambhavatayA kevala sAhitya-racanA meM hotA thA, sarvasAdhAraNa meM nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna kAla meM likhita granthoM kA bahuta mahatva thA, purANoM meM likhita granthoM kA dAna bar3A bhArI puNya mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi lipi kA AviSkAra-kAla ThIka ThIka batAnA kaThina hai, tadapi isa uddharaNa se kucha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai, bAbhravya ke viSaya meM yaha anuzrati hai ki usane zikSA zAstra kA praNayana kiyA |........prnnyn kA artha hai pravartana, pahale-pahala sthApita karanA aura calA denA / 'ataH bAbhravya ne varNo kI vivecanA ke viSaya ko eka zAstra kA rUpa de diyaa| isase siddha hai ki vaha For Private And Personal Use Only Page #30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org 1 jayavandavidyajaM para 2 'iti' bhArata kI prAcIna lipiyA~ 21 vivecanA kucha pahale zurU ho cukI aura usake samaya taka pUrI paripakva tApA cukI thii| isa prakAra bhArata yuddha se sAta pIr3hI pahale andAjana 1550 I0 pU0 meM - hamArI varNamAlA sthApita ho gaI thI / " " (1) brAhmIH -- vebara tathA vUhalara Adi pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki brAhmI kA nirmANa phinIziyana tathA aramaika ke AdhAra para huA hai| bRhattara kA kahanA hai ki 'bhAratavAsiyoM ne 18 varNa samudrI vyApAriyoM dvArA 860 I0 pR0 phinIziyana lipi se, 2 varNa 750 I0 pU0 mesopoTAmiyA se aura 2 varSa chaThI zatAbdI I0 pU0 meM se lie aura inake AdhAra para brAhmI kA nirmANa kiyA / 2 DA0 Ara. ena. sAhA ne bhI ise arabI se sambaddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| unake kathanAnusAra yaha banArasa kI brahma bhaTa yA betAla bhaTa lipi thI aura rAjapUnAne ke 'dasa nAmova sanyAsI bhAToM dvArA prayukta hotI thI / ise bhaTa lipi athavA brAhmI lipi bhI kahate the / isameM bhI arabI kI bhAMti hI mAtrA tathA madhya svaroM kA abhAva thA aura kevala 28 varNa the ! kolabruka, kaniMghama, phlITa, ojhA, jAyasabAla Adi isa bhata se sahamata nahIM haiM, unhoMne brAhmI ko bhArata kI hI upaja mAnA hai| kaniyama kA sabase bar3A virodha yaha hai ki brAhmI saMskRta, prAkRta, pAnI Adi bhAratIya lipiyoM kI bhA~ti bAI ora ko likhI jAnI thI, parantu semiTika urdU-phArasI kI bhA~ti dAI ora ko likhI jAtI hai| isa para bRhatara ne 'eraNa' ke sikke dvArA yaha bhI siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA ki brAhmI bhI pahale dAI ora ko likhI jAtI thI aura isake avazeSa cinha azoka ke zilA lekhoM meM atra bhI pAe jAte haiM / udA * Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir yakSa kI rUparekhA' jilda 1, pRSTha 211 14 For Private And Personal Use Only Page #31 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 22 lipi-vikAsa haraNArtha dha, ta, yo vyaJjana use pAe jAte haiM tathA kucha saMyukta vyaJjanoM meM bhI ulaTa-phera hai yathA pta, tsa, yva ke sthAna meM spa, sta vya Adi khude hue pAe jAte haiM / isa para ojhA Adi vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki idhara semiTika meM kevala 22 varNa 18 uccAraNadhvaniyoM ke dabotaka haiM, varNoM meM na to krama hI hai aura na svaravyaJjana vibhAga tathA svaroM meM hrasva-dIrgha kA bheda hI. aura mAtrAoM tathA saMyuktAkSaroM kA bhI abhAva hai, udhara brAhmI meM 63 64 varNa haiM, vyaJjanoM ke sAtha svaroM kA mAtrA ke rUpa meM sahayoga honA kevala brAhmI kI hI vizeSanA hai aura pratyeka zvani ke lie eka pRthaka lipicihna hai, yahA~ taka ki anusvAra taka kA eka pRthaka cinha hai| ataH yaha asambhava hai ki 63.64 mUla uccAraNoM vAlI sarva prakAra se pUrNa brAhmI lipi eka 22 varNa vAlI semiH Tika jaisI daridra lipi se niSkramita ho aura svayaM 22 varNa bhI na banA ske| ataH bUhalara ke mata kA barAbara virodha hotA rhaa| 1657 I0 meM haidarAbAda kI samAdhiyoM meM mile bartanoM tathA pattharoM kI khudAI se bUhalara kA mata nirAdhAra siddha ho gyaa| una bartanoM ke pA~ca lipicinha spaSTatayA azoka kAlIna lipi se milate haiN| ina pattharoM kI bhurAbhurAhaTa se, jo ki hAtha lagate hI cUra-cUra ho gae jAyasavAla kA anumAna hai ki lagabhaga 2:00 I0 pU0 ke haiM isa prakAra brAhmI kI utpatti semiTika kAla arthAta 1000 I0 pU0 ke pUrva ho cukI thii| jAyasavAla ne to brAhmI ke semiTika udbhava kA itanA virodha kiyA hai ki aneka yuktiyoM se sAmI ko hI brAhmI se utpAdita ThaharAyA hai| una kA mata hai ki brAhmI tathA sAmI vargoM meM samAnatA isalie nahIM hai ki brAhmI sAmI se nikalI hai, apitu isalie hai ki semiTika rUpoM kI utpatti brAhmI se huI haiN| kyoMki uttarI tathA dakSiNI sAmI meM eka hI uccAraNa ke lie bhinna-bhinna cinha haiM, parantu ve saba brAhmI For Private And Personal Use Only Page #32 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 23 bhArata kI prAcIna lipiyA~ se milate haiM / ataH yadi brAhmI sAmI se niSkramata hotI, ta usake eka rUpa se udhAra letI na ki bhinna-bhinna rUpoM se thor3A thodd'aa| ataeva sAgI kI bhinna bhinna lipiyoM ne hI brAhmI se udhAra liyA hai na ki brAhmI ne sAmI se / bAhmI kA mUla artha hai 'pUrNa' / koI bhI lipi yakAyaka pUrNa nahIM ho sakatI, vaha dhIredhIre vikasita hokara kucha samaya pazcAt pUrNa hotI hai| bhArata meM brAhmI ne pUrva bhI koI apUrNa lipi avazya rahI hogI jisakA aAviSkAra semiTika kAla se saikar3oM varSa pUrva ho cukA hogaa| yataH brAhmI lipi bhArata kI hI upaja hai kisI videzI lipi kI nahIM / isakI puSTi cInI vizva-kopa 'phA yuana culina' se bhI hotI hai, jisameM brAhmI lipi brahmA nAma ke bhAratIya AcArya dvArA pravartita batAI gaI hai| yahA~ isakI sundaratA ke vipaya meM do eka uddharaNa denA anucita na hogaa| ojhA kA kathana hai ki yaha bhAratavarSa ke AryoM kA apanI khoja se utpanna kiyA huaA maulika bAviSkAra hai| isakI prAcInatA aura sAga-sudaratA se cAhe isakA kartA brahmA devatA mAnA jAkara isakA nAma brAjhI par3A; cAhe sAkSara samAja brAhmaNoM kI lipi hone se yaha brAhmI kahalAi ho, para isameM saMdeha nahIM ki isakA kinIziana se kucha bhI saMbaMdha nhiiN|' Telara kA kathana hai ki, brAhmI lipi eka atyanta pUrNa aura advitIya vaijJAnika AviprakAra hai| eDavarDa thAmasa kA kathana hai ki, 'brAhmI akSara bhArata vAsiyoM kI maulika upaja haiM aura unakI saralatA se banAne vAloM kI buddhimattA pragaTa hotI hai'|' la~sana Adi vidvAnoM kA kathana bhI isI satya kI puSTi karatA hai| 'cU~ki isakA prAcInatama prApya rUpa kAphI praur3ha aura kisI videzI utpatti se apanI ojhA, 'prAcIna lipimAlA' dhRSTha 28, Telara, elphAbeTa', bhAga 1 pRSTha 50 * hindI vizva-bhAratI' khaMDa 2, pRSTha 1036 For Private And Personal Use Only Page #33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - lipi-vikAza svatantratA pragaTa karatA hai, ataeva varSoM pUrva isakA nirmANa kiyA jAnA hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai|' sArAMza yaha hai ki brAhmI lipi jo sAga-pUrNa tathA sundara hai, bhAratIya upaja hai| jAyasavAla ke matAnusAra isakI utpatti 2000 I0 pU0 meM aura bAbhravya viSayaka anuzruti ke anusAra isakI sthApanA 1550 I0 pU0 meM ho cukI thii| azoka ke zilAlekhoM se prakaTa hai ki mauryakAla meM isakA uttarI bhArata tathA laMkA meM pracura pracAra thaa| 'patravaNA sUtra' tathA 'samavAyAMga sUtra' nAmaka jaina graMthoM meM isakA nAma 'baMbhI lipi' diyA hai aura 18 lipiyoM kI nAmAvalI meM yaha saba se Upara hai| 'lalitavistara' kI 64 lipiyoM meM bhI brAhmI sarva prathama nAma hai| 'bhagabanI sUtra meM prArambha meM hI 'namo baMbhIe' zabdoM dvArA isakI baMdanA kI gaI hai| ataH isakA prAcIna athavA pAlI nAma baMbhI thA aura usa samaya isakA bahuta Adara thA / saba se prAcIna prApya lipi azokI brAhmI 300I0 pU0 kI hai / yadyapi piparAvA kA maTake para kA lekha tathA bar3alI kA khaMDa lekha 400, 500 I0 pU0 ke, har3apA tathA mohana-jodar3o kI mudrAe~ 1000 I0 pU0 kI tathA haidarAvAda ke bartanoM para ke 5 cinha saMbhavataH 2000 I. pU0 ke bhI pAe gae haiM, jinameM mAtrAe~ spaSTa haiM aura azokI lipi ke sAdRzya hai, parantu bodhagamya na hone ke kAraNa inase abhI taka koI mahatvapUrNa pariNAma nahIM nikala sakA hai| (2) kharoSThI-kharoSThI kA cInI artha hai gadhe ke oSTha vAlI' aura cInI vizva kopa 'phA-yuana-culina' ne isako bhAratIya AcArya kharoSTha dvArA utpAdita batAyA hai| bUhalara ne bhI isI mata ko svIkAra kiyA hai| DA0 prajilusko ke matAnusAra yaha prAraMbha meM gadhe kI khAla para likhI jAtI thI aura kharoSThI kharapRSThI kA apabhraMza hai, paraMtu bAda meM apane AviSkartA For Private And Personal Use Only Page #34 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bhArata kI prAcIna lipiyA~ 25 kharoSTha RSi ke nAma para kharoSThI kahalAne lgii| ina matoM ke anusAra kharoSThI bhI bhArata kI hI upaja ThaharatI hai, parantu isake mAnane meM kaI ApattiyA~ haiM / prathama to yaha brAhmI Adi bhAratIya lipiyoM kI bhA~ti bAI ora se dAI ora ko nahIM likhI jAtI haiM; dvitIya isameM saMyuktAkSaroM kI kamI aura hrasva-dIrya bheda tathA mAtrAoM kA abhAva hai joki bhAratIya lipiyoM kI apanI nijI vizeSatA hai tRtIya bhArata kA saba se prAcIna sAhitya dharma-graMtha hai, parantu kharoSThI kA jo kucha sAhitya upalabdha hai usakA trAhmaNoM ke dharma-graMthoM se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| isake atirikta jisa prakAra brAhmI se uttarI bhArata kI Adhunika lipiyA~ niSkramita huI haiM usa prakAra kharoTI se pazcimottara bhArata kI koI lipi nahIM nikalI. pratyuta svayaM isakI bhI tIsarI zatAbdI ke pazcAta hI avanati hone lgii| ataH na to isakA bhAratIya lipiyoM se saMbaMdha hI hai aura na yaha bhArata ko upaja hI hai| isakA nirmANa kisI videzI lipi ke AdhAra para huA hai| DA0 silavAna levI ne eka cInI graMtha ke AdhAra para isakA nAma kharodhI batAyA hai aura isako bhArata ke nikaTa-vartI kharoSTra deza kI upaja mAnA hai| ataeva yaha to nizcaya hai ki yaha videzI lipi hai / ava prazna yaha hai ki isakA udbhava kisa lipi se huA aura yaha bhArata meM kisa prakAra aaii| kharoSThI kA pracAra kevala pazcimottara bhArata meM thA jahA~ kI sindhI, galvA, kAphira, brAhuI Adi bhASAoM tathA lipiyoM para aba taka semiTika varga kI arabI bhASAoM kA prabhAva pAyA jAtA hai aura cU~ki yaha bhI arabI kI bhA~ti dAI ora se bAI ora ko likhI jAnI hai, ataH isakI utpatti semiTika lipi se huI hai| DADavela, bhaMDArakara Adi itihAsajJoM kA mata hai ki kharoSThI kA niSkramaNa aramaika se huA hai jo ki chaThI zatAbdI I. pU. For Private And Personal Use Only Page #35 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 66 lipi-vikAza pArasI rAjyakAla meM sampUrNa hakhAmanI sAmrAjya kI rAjyalipi thI aura jisakA mina se hindUkuza taka pracAra thA ! DA. jaoNna mArzala kA mata hai ki kharoSThI kA pracAra savaprathama gAMdhAra meM hunaa| isakI puSTi takSazilA ke zilAlekha se bhI hotI hai| jaba bhArata ke pazcimottara A~cala arthAt kamboja, gAMdhAra tathA siMdha pradeza para lagabhaga 516 I0 pUrva ke pazcAt IrAniyoM kA adhikAra ho gayA to unhoMne bhAratavAsiyoM ko bhI aramaika sikhaaii| ki isameM kevala 22 lipicinha 18 ucAraNa-dhvaniyoM ke dyotaka the aura kAma nahIM calatA thA, ataH kharoSTa athavA kharoSTra Adi kisI prAcArya ne bhAratIya bhASAoM kI una uccAraNa dhvaniyoM ke lipicinha bhI isameM nirmita kara die jinakA isameM abhAva thA / yahI hamArI kharoSThI lipi thii| isakI puSTi svarUpa zrojhA kA eka uddharaNA denA adhika acchA hogA, 'java IrAniyoM kA adhikAra paMjAba ke kucha aMza para huA taba unakI rAjakIya lipi aramaika kA vahA~ praveza huaA, parantu usameM kevala 22 akSara, jo AryabhApAyoM ke kevala 18 uccAragagoM ko vyakta kara sakate the, hone tathA svaroM meM hasva dIrgha bheda kA aura svaroM kI mAtrAoM ke na hone ke kAraNa yahA~ ke vidvAnoM meM se kharoSThI yA kisI aura ne nA akSaroM tathA hrasva svaroM kI mAtrAoM kI yojanA kara mAmUlI par3he hue logoM ke lie, jinako zuddhAzuddha kI vizeSa AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI thI, kAma calAU lipi banA dii| prAcInatama kharoSThI zilAlekha tIsarI zatAbdI I0 pU0 kA hai / isase prakaTa hai ki usa samaya isameM 22 mUla vargoM ke atirikta anya bhAratIya dhvaniyoM ke dyotaka lipi-cinha bhI the ataH usa samaya isakA bhArata ke pazcimottara A~cala para khUba pracAra thA / isake cInI turkistAna taka pracAra tathA unnati kA kAraNa saMbhavatayA kuSANa rAjya thaa| ojhA, 'prAcIna lipimAlA', pRSTha 17 For Private And Personal Use Only Page #36 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir brAhmI kA vikAsa 27 sArAMza yaha hai ki kharoDI dAI ora se bAIM ora likhI jAne vAlI eka apUrNa lipi thI jisameM saMyuktAkSaroM kI kamI aura sAtrAoM kA abhAva thA | aramaika ko kATa-chA~Ta kara kharoSTI kI sthApanA karane kA kArya saMbhavataH kharoSTha RSi ne kiyA thaa| bAda meM isakA itanA pracAra huA ki lagabhaga 425 I0 pU0 meM uttarI-pacchimI bhArata ke havAmanI sAmrAjya se svatantra ho jAne para bhI tIsarI zatAbdI I0 pU0 meM isakA vahA~ khUba pracAra thA, paraMtu isase kisI lipi kA niSkramaNa na hone ke kAraNa isakA vaMza na cala sakA aura lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka isakA pUrNataH aMta ho gayA / brAhmI kA vikAsama lagabhaga 350 I0 pU0 taka brAhmI kA pracAra adhika aura rUpa aparivartita rahA, tatpazcAt zailI kI dRSTi se usake uttarI tathA dakSiNI do bheda ho gae / dakSiNI se dakSiNI bhArata kI madhya tathA Adhunika kAlIna lipiyoM arthAt tAmila, telugu, kanar3I, kaliGga, graMtha, pazcimI tathA madhya pradezI Adi kA niSkramaraNa huA / cauthI zatAbdI meM uttarI trAcI vaNoM ke siroM ke cinha kucha taMtre, kucha varSoM kI AkRtiyA~ kucha-kucha nAgarI sadRza tathA kucha mAtrAoM ke cinha parivartita ho ge| gupta rAjya ke prabhAva se brAhmI kA yaha rUpa gupta-lipi kahalAne lgaa| cauthI, pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM isakA pracAra samasta uttarI bhArata meM thA / chaThI zatAbdI meM gupta lipi ke varNoM kI AkRti kucha kuTila ho gaI, tadanusAra, ye varNa kuTitAkSara aura lipi kuTila kahalAne lagI / isakA chaThI se navIM zatAbdI taka uttarI bhArata meM khUba pracAra thA tatkAlIna zilAlekha tathA dAnapatra isI meM likhe jAte the / kuTila lipise, saMbhavataH dasavIM zatAbdI meM, nAgarI tathA zAradAkA niSkramaNa For Private And Personal Use Only Page #37 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org d: lipi vikAsa huA | Adhunika kAzmIrI tathA TakkarI kA niSkramaNa zAradA se hI huA hai / gurumukhI kA nirmANa bhI sikkha guru aMgadadeva dvArA zAradA ke AdhAra para hI huA hai / nAgarI ko devanAgarI bhI kahate haiM / 'nAgarI' zabda kI vyutpatti ke viSaya meM kaI eka mata haiM / (1) Ara. zAmA zAstrI ke matAnusAra prAcInakAla meM jaba devatAoM kI pratimAe~ nahIM banI thIM, unakI pUjA se lie unake sAMketika cinha bhati-bhA~ti ke trikoNAdi yaMtroM meM, jinheM devanAgara kahate the, likhe jAte the / kAlAntara meM ye deva cinha, uccAraNa dhvanisUcaka lipicinha bana gae, ataH yaha lipi devanAgarI kahalAI / ( 2 ) isa lipi ke lipi cinhoM tathA tAntrika cinhoM meM jo 'devanagara' kahalAte the. bahuta kucha sAdRzya thA, ataH isa lipi kA nAma devanAgarI par3a gayA / (3) prAcIna kAla ke nAgara brAhmaNoM kI lipi hone ke kAraNa yaha nAgarI kahalAI / ( 4 ) nagaroM meM pracalita hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma nAgarI ho gayA, yadyapi nizcita rUpa se to nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vaha lipi devanAgarI athavA nAgarI kyoM kahalAI, parantu cUMki aneka vidvAna prAcIna zilAlekhoM ke lipi cinhoM ko 'devatAoM ke akSara' 'siddhadAyaka maMtra' 'gar3he dhana ke bIjaka' Adi kaha kara unakA adhyana karane se bacate rahe haiM, ataH saMbhava haiM isakA ' deva nagara' arthAta deva-saMketoM athavA tAMtrika cinhoM se kucha sambandha ho aura nAgarI deva-nAgarI kA saMkSipta rUpa ho / nAgarI lipi ke do rUpa haiM, uttarI nAgarI tathA dakSiNI nAgarI / dakSiNI nAgarI 'naMdi nAgarI' bhI kahalAtI thii| saMbhavataH isakI utpatti uttarI nAgarI ke pUrva huI thI / dakSiNa bhAratameM isake prAcIna lekha hI nahIM pAe jAte, pratyuta yaha saMskRta graMthoM meM abhI taka likhI bhI jAtI hai / uttarI nAgarI kI tIna avasthAe~ haiM, prAcIna, madhyakAlIna tathA Adhunika athavA vartamAna / dasavIM zatAbdI meM kuTila lipi parivartita Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private And Personal Use Only Page #38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir brAhmI kA vikAsa hokara prAcIna nAgarI ho gaI, jisameM 'a, A, gha, pa, ma, ya, pa, aura sa ke sira do aMzoM meM vibhakta milate haiN|' 1 isake pUrvI rUpa se prAcIna ba~galA lipi nikalI jisase Adhunika ba~galA, AsAmI, maithilI, ur3iyA tathA nepAlI kI utpatti huii| marAThI. gorakhAlI athavA parvatiyA, mahAjanI ( mur3iyA) tathA kaithI bhI prAcIna nAgarI ke hI vikasita rUpa haiN| gujarAtI kA nirmANa kaithI ke AdhAra para huaA hai| prAcIna nAgarI ke gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke rUpa ko madhyakAlIna nAgarI kaha sakate haiN| isameM varNoM ke Upara kI siravaMdI ke donoM aMza milakara eka hoge| bArahavIM zatAbdI meM varNoM kA vaha rUpa ho gayA jo Ajakala pracalita hai| taba se lipi meM koI vizeSa parivartana to nahIM huA hai, parantu kucha sAdhAraNa parivartana avazya hue haiM / udAharaNArtha lagabhaga Der3ha do sau varSa pahile taka pratyeka varNa athavA akSara pRthak-pRthak likhA jAtA thA aura zabdoM ke bIca sthAna nahIM ke barAbara chor3A jAtA thA, parantu idhara kucha kAla se do vA~ athavA akSaroMkaM boca sthAna nahIM chor3A jAtA aura do zabdoM kabIca sthAna chor3A jAne lagA hai arthAna kisI zabda ke samasta vargoM para eka sirabaMdI lagAI jAtI hai aura do zabdoM ko siravaMdiyoM ke bIca sthAna chor3A jAtA hai / Ajakala Da, sa, addha na, ma tathA Na, tathA (caMdrabiMdu) kA prAyaH lopa sA hotA jA rahA hai aura inake sthAna meM anusvAra () kA prayoga bar3ha rahA hai| a, Na, la, ke sthAna meMmarAThI athavA prAcIna a, Na, la adhika pracalita ho rahe haiM aura sirabaMdI lagAne kI prathA bhI (prAyaH likhane meM ) uTho mI jA rahI hai| saMbhava hai. kisI samaya nAgarI bhI gujarAta kI bhA~ti siramuNDI ho jAya / yadyapi bhASA tathA lipi donoM nitAMta bhinna haiM, parantu kisI bhASA ke adhika pracalita hone ke kAraNa prAyaH usameM tathA usakI lipi . ojhA, 'prAcIna lipimAlA', pRSTha 60 For Private And Personal Use Only Page #39 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa meM vyavahArika rUpa se abhinnatA ho jAtI hai aura lipi mI bhASA ke nAma se pukArI jAne lagatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki devanAgarI athavA nAgarI lipi hindI ke nAma se adhika pracalita hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki uttarI bhArata kI samasta Adhunika lipiyA~ uttarI brAhmI ke vikasita rUpa prAcIna nAgarI se aura dakSiNI -bhArata kI lipiyA~ dakSiNI brAhmI se utpanna huI haiN| yahA~ nAgarI vargoM kA saMkSipta itihAsa de denA anucita na hogA / ( varNoM tathA aMkoM ke vikAsa citra meM brAhmo varNoM kA vikAsa dekho)| itihAsa:-azoka ke pUrva kI lipi aprApya hai, ataHsamasta vargoM ke prathama rUpa azoka kAlIna haiN| ___aH-kA dUsarA rUpa kuzana rAjA prAM ke lekhoM meM ( dUsarI zatA0 ), ucchakalpa ke mahArAja zanAtha ke tAmrapatra meM (463 I0) tathA rAjA aparAjita ke lakha meM (661 I.) prApya hai| tIsarA rUpa nikaTataH dUsare mApa ke samAna hai / cauthe aura pA~vave rUpa 6 vI tathA 13 vIM za.ke bIca ke haiM aura inameM jo kucha rUpAntara hue haiM, ve sundaratA ke kAraNa hue haiN| i:-kA dUsarA rUpa samudragupta ke prayAga staMbha vAle lekha meM (4 thI zatA0) tathA skaMdagupta kAlIna kahA ke lekha meM (460 I0 ) upalabdha hai| tIsare rUpa meM sira bandI lagAne kA yatna kiyA gayA hai| cauthA rUpa haihaya vaMzI rAjA jAjalladeva ke lekha (1114 I0) tathA kucha prAcIna isna likhita pustakoM meM prApya haiM / pA~cavA~ rUpa 13 vIM zatA0 ke zilAlekhoM tathA pustakoM meM upalabdha hai| u:-dUsarA rUpa kuzana rAjAoM ke lekhoM meM prApya hai| zeSa rUpAntara sundaratA ke kAraNa hue haiN| * aMzataH ojhAjI kI pustaka 'nAsAa tathA akSara' ke AdhAra para For Private And Personal Use Only Page #40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir brAhmI kA vikAsa ___e:-kA dRsarA rUpa samudragupta ke lekha tathA anya kaI lekhoM meM prApya hai / tIsare rUpAntara kA kAraNa sundaratA hai / cauthA rUpa yazodharmana ke maMdasaura ke lekha ( 532 I.) tathA mAravAr3a ke rAjA kakaka ke samaya ke lekha meM (861 I0) upalabdha hai| pA~cavA rUpa rAThaura rAjA govindarAja ke lekha meM (807 I0), paramAra rAjA vAkapati ke lekha meM (674 I.) aura kalacurI gajA kArIdeva ke tAmrapatroM meM ( 1042 I0) upalabdha hai| ka-kA dUsarA rUpa sirabaMdI lagAne kI ceSTA kA phala hai| tIsarA rUpa ukta rAjA karNadeva ke tAmrapatra meM upalabdha hai| cauthA ma.pa bhI kaI eka lekhoM meM prApya haiN| kha:-kA dUsarA mpa kuzana rAjAoM ke lekhoM meM tathA kSatrapa mandra dAmana ke giranAra ke lekha meM ( 2 rI zatA0 ) upalabdha hai| zeSa rUpAntara sundaratA ke phala svarUpa hue haiN| gaH-kA dUsarA mpa soDAsa tathA nahapAna kSatriya rAjAoM ke lekhoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| zepa rUpAntara sirabaMdI lagAne kI ceSTA ke phala svarUpa hue haiN| ghaH-kA dUsarA ukta rAjA yazodharmana ke maMdasaura ke lekha meM upalabdha hai| zeSa rUpAntara sirabaMdI lagAne tathA tvarA lekhana ke kAraNa hue haiN| Da:-yaha azoka kAlIna lekhoM meM nahIM miltaa| isakA pahilA rUpa samudra gupta ke lekha ke eka saMyuktAkSara meM pAyA jAtA hai bAda meM isake nIce kI golAI bar3hane ke kAraNa isakA rUpa 'DI ke samAna hone lagA / ataH bhinnatA lAne ke lie 8 vIM zatA0 meM isake aMta meM eka biMdI sI lagAI jAne lgii| caH--ke pahile ke bAda ke samasta rUpAntara sira baMdI lagAne, sundaratA lAne tathA tvarA lekhana ke kAraNa hue haiM / chaH- kA dUsarA mpa pahile kA rUpAntara mAtra hai| tIsarA For Private And Personal Use Only Page #41 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa rUpa kannauja ke gaharavAra rAjA jayacaMda ke tAmrapatra ( 1175 I0 / tathA mAlavA ke paramAra vaMzI mahAkumAra udaya varmA ke tAmrapatra (1200 I0) meM upalabdha hai| jaH--ke pahile ke bAda ke samasta rUpAntara sundaratA lAna, sirabeMdI lagAne tathA tvarA lekhana ke kAraNa hue haiN| --kA dUsarA rUpa brAhmaNa rAjA zivagaNa ke kasavA~ ke lekha meM ( 738 I0) upalabdha hai| tIsarA rUpa rAThaura rAjA goviMdarAja tRtIya ke tAmrapatra meM ( 807 I.) meM prApya hai| cauthA rUpa jaina pustakoM meM prApya hai aura rAjapUtAne meM prayukta hotA hai . yaha 'jha' se milatA-julatA hai| aH-kA dUsarA rUpa ukta rAjA aparAjita kAlIna eka lekha meM ( 661 I.) prApya hai| tIsarA rUpa kumAragupta kAlIna maMdasaura ke lekha meM 472 I0) upalabdha hai| cauthA rUpa tIsare kA rUpAntara hai| Ta:-ke pahile ke bAda ke rUpAntara sirabaMdI lagAne tathA sundaratA jAne kI ceSTA ke phala svarUpa haiN| ThaH-ke pahile ke bAda ke rUpAntara sirabaMdI lagAne ke kAraNa hue haiN| Da:-kA dUsarA rUpa tvalekhana ke kAraNa pahile rUpa se banA hai aura jaina rAjA khAravela ke hAthI gumphA ke lekha meM (2rI zatA0 pUrva) upalabdha hai| zeSa rUpAntara tvarAlekhana athavA sundaratA lAne ke kAraNa hue haiN| DhaH--kA dUsarA rUpa sirabaMdI lagAne ke kAraNa banA hai| yaha Aja taka apane isI rUpa meM hai| raNa-kA dUsarA tathA tIsarA rUpa kuzana lekhoM meM upalabdha hai| cauthe rUpa sirabaMdI lagA dene se 'Na' aura chaThe rUpa meM sirabaMdI lagA dene se 'Na' banA hai| For Private And Personal Use Only Page #42 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir brAhmI kA vikAsa (2rI zatA0 pUrva) prApya hai| tIsarA rUpa kuzana lekhoM meM aura aura cauthA aura kaI eka lekhoM meM upalabdha hai| pA~cavA~ rUpa cauthe kA rUpAntara hai| dhaH--kA dUsarA rUpa kannauja ke parihAra rAjA bhojadeva ke gvAliyara ke lekha meM (876 I0) tathA devalagA~va kI prazasti meM (662 I0) meM upalabdha hai| tIsarA rUpa kannauja ke utta rAjA jayacanda ke tAmrapatra meM prApya hai| cauthA rupa tIsare rUpa meM sirabaMdI lagAne se banA hai| naH-kA dUsarA rUpa rudradAmana ke ukta lekha meM upalabdha hai| tIsarA rUpa rAjAnaka lakSyANacanda kAlIna baidyanAtha ke lakha meM (804 I0) meM prApya hai| cauthA rUpa tIsare kA rUpAntara mAtra hai jo ki sundaratA lAne ke kAraNa banA hai| paH-pahile ke bAda ke samasta rUpAntara sundaratA lAne tathA tvarAlekhana ke kAraNa hue hai| phaH--kA dUsarA rUpa pahile kA rUpAntara hai| tIsarA rUpa samudragupta ke lekha meM upalabdha hai| zeSa rUpAntara tvarAlekhana tathA sundaratA ke kAraNa hue haiN| baH--kA dUsarA rUpa rAjA yazodharmana ke yukta maMdasaura lakha meM upalabdha hai| tIsarA rUpa dUsare kA rUpAntara hai aura usa samaya ke 'pa' athavA 'va' ke samAna hai| ataH bhinnatA lAne ke lie cauthe rUpa meM bIca meM bhItara madhya meM eka bindu' lagA diyA gayA / pA~cavA~ rUpa cauthe kA hI rUpAntara hai jo sundaratA ke kAraNa huA hai aura gujarAta ke solaMkI rAjA bhImadena ke tAmrapatra meM ( 1026. I0) pAyA jAtA hai| bhaH-kA dUsarA rUpa kuzana lekhoM meM aura tIsarA skandagapta ke indaura ke tAmrapatra meM (465 I0) prApya hai| cauthA rUpa tIsare kA rUpAntara mAtra hai| For Private And Personal Use Only Page #43 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 34 www.kobatirth.org lipi - vikAsa -ke pahile ke bAda ke rUpa sirabaMdI lagAne tathA sundaratA lAne kI ceSTA ke phala svarUpa bane haiM / maH Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir yaH - kAdUsarA rUpa pahile rUpa se tvarAlekhana ke kAraNa banA hai / yaha bhI azoka ke lekhoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / zeSa rUpa isI se, sundaratA lAne tathA sirabaMdI lagAne ke kAraNa bane haiM / raH --kA dUsarA rUpa sundaratA lAne ke kAraNa banA hai / yaha bauddha zramaNa mahAnAmana ke lekha meM ( 588 I0 ) meM upalabdha hai / zeSa rUpAntara tvarAlekhana athavA sundaratA ke kAraNa hue haiN| laH--- - kA dUsarA rUpa hUe rAjA toramANa ke lekha meM ( 500 I ke nikaTa ) aura tIsarA kaI eka lekhoM meM upalabdha hai / zeSa rUpa sira baMdI lagAne sundaratA lAne tathA tvarAlekhana ke kAraNa bane haiM / vaH - kA dUsarA rUpa pahile se tvarAlekhana tathA sirabandI lagAne ke kAraNa aura dUsare se tIsarA sundaratA lAne ke kAraNa banA hai ! zaH - ke pahile ke bAda ke rUpa tvarAlekhana, sundaratA tathA sirabaMdI lagAne ke kAraNa bane haiN| I SaH - azoka ke lekhoM meM isakA prabhAva hai / isakA pahilA rUpa ghoMDI ke zilAlekha meM ( 2 zatA0 pUrva ) meM upalabdha hai / zeSa rUpa tvarAlekhana tathA sirabaMdI lagAne se bane haiM / saH - - kA dUsarA rUpa pahile meM sira baMdI lagAne se banA 1 tIsarA rUpa gupta lekhoM meM aura cauthA kaI anya lekhoM meM prApya hai / pA~cavA~ rUpa cauthe se sundaratA lAne athavA varAlekhana ke kAraNa banA hai | ha: - kA dUsarA rUpa pahile kA rUpAntara hai / tIsarA rUpa mahArAja zarvanAtha ke ukta tAmrapatra meM upalabdha hai / cauthA rUpa bhI For Private And Personal Use Only Page #44 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vargA tathA aMko kA vikAsa (ka) vaNI kA nikAsa - kanI malA sAla muMDI azokIbAlI kA vikAsa MH ma :::.rUgai L1153 u. Avaee debi st 4 / 3una rakha AOMgaga nuutughava LE53 Da. ddbacaca kakacha EEERT jaja Phma mama 888Ta 00ThaTha 71radaDa Ta Dha Ivrsion AM ta ta 6988catha 5481122 044 gha . na na Livpapa 787. pha yasayaba ba tatavatAbha 44 ma JANya ya lavala 5500RG0060956 GS 64G6 Dewer Risha braPDATE RAP 9 horo k rtax reHTTER NONJANE HEN Atal or chodai REGA .6 12 1616666666666673 6l oval 04 3 16.66LTERS 6 bhaRa8888888,465 HESI6586528798 60033889036 uhata 8 sds 777 0 37363005,505486036 3m 3800 7.35 // 3 12BE6 OMAARzaza tvdhaSa adsa t6kSa 6haja noTa:- 8 anya bhAratIya lipiyoM ke voM kA vikAsa bhI hindI kI bhAMti hI . bhAlI varSoM se huA hai| a) hindI vyA marAThI philA ekahIhai kevala akurA bhalaza For Private And Personal Use Only Page #45 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (a) hindI sanA marAThI aphrilA eka hI hai kevala a ka ka mA malA ke marAThI sama praza: a Na malavA hai hindI meM bhI dUna mameM kA prayoga hone lagA hai| iTa kA abhAva hai| dUdhA i3 kenyAna meM bhu se prayukta hone lage haiN| (3) baMgamA tathA AsAmI vargabhAlA eka hI hai| kevala baMgalA ya tathA t) AmAbhI meM maza: kha mA e kI bhAMti mile Ate haiN| 5 aMDI vargAnAlA kA nirmANa kadhI ke AdhAra para huA hai / kaithI varNa hindI mahaza hai kevala unameM sibandI nahIM agAI AtI aura maza kha bhaya ? kepa mms44531 kI prati haiM aura u.mA kA abhAva hai| (a) aMko kA vikAsa azoko bAsI aMkoM kA vikAsa auri - -1017 | orro , . " . " Mr. 2w 1 + 5544 ny555 PEER 97990 4935888 121199841 6.0 6208 e~ To go to w au nw 1127 GDP wit - . 6 1 . or For Private And Personal Use Only Page #46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir akoM kA vikAsa 35 tIsare se sundaratA ke kAraNa banA hai aura kaI eka lekhoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / caH - yaha 'ka' tathA 'Sa' ke saMyoga se banA hai aura saMyukta varNa hai / 10 vIM zatA0 taka yaha saMyuktAkSara ke rUpa meM hI pAyA jAtA thaa| bAda meM sundaratA ke cakkara meM par3a kara isakA vartamAna rUpa bana gayA aura yaha eka svatantra varNa hI samajhA jAne lagA / isakA prathama rUpa ukta catriya rAjA soDAsa ke mathurA ke lekha meM upalabdha hai| zeSa rUpa isI ke rUpAntara haiM jo varAlekhana, sirabaMdI lagAne tathA sundaratA lAne ke kAraNa bane haiM / zaH - yaha bhI 'kSa' tathA 'tra' kI bhA~ti eka saMyuktAkSara hai aura 'ja' tathA 'na' ke saMyoga se nirmita huA hai / bAda meM yaha bhI eka svatantra varNa samajhA jAne lagA / isakA prathama rUpa ukta rudradAmana ke lekha meM upalabdha hai / zeSa rUpa isI ke rUpAMtara hai jo ki sundaratA, sirabaMdI tathA tvarAlekhana ke kAraNa bane haiM / aMkoM kA vikAsa aMkoM kI utpatti tathA vikAsa kA ojhA jI ne bahuta sundara vivecana kiyA hai aura usakI upasthiti meM kucha kahanA dhRSTatA mAtra hai, tadapi saMkSepa meM yahA~ kucha kaha denA anucita na hogA / prAcIna tathA cIna aMkoM meM bahuta bheda hai / saba se bar3A bheda to yaha hai ki prAcIna kAla meM zUnya kA cihna nahIM thA, kevala 1 se 6 taka aMka cihna the; dUsare jisa prakAra Ajakala samasta sakhyAe~ 1 se 10 taka ke aMkoM ke AdhAra para likhI jAtI haiM usa prakAra prAcIna kAla meM saMkhyAoM kA AdhAra 1 se 6 taka ke aMka na the; noTa:- sarabaMdI bahudhA varNoM meM unake dUsare athavA tIsare rUpa meM lagI haiN| For Private And Personal Use Only Page #47 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa tIsare Ajakala jisa prakArazanya (0) bar3hA kara dahAI, saikar3A, hajAra Adi banAne kA niyama hai prAcIna kAla meM vaisA na thA: usa samaya 10, 20, 30,40,50,60, 70, 80, 60, 100, 1000 ke lie pRthak-pRthaka cihna the ( isake Upara ke saMkhyA-cihna aprApya haiM ) jaise 40 ke lie 'sa' 60, ke lie 'pra', ityAdi arthAta dahAI saikar3A Adi kA bodha urdU rakamoM kI bhA~ti akSaroM jaise cihnoM se hotA thaa| isakI puSTi aojhA jI ke isa kathana se hotI hai ki, 'ina aMkoM meM anu gasika, jivhAmUlIya aura upadhmAnIya kA honA prakaTa karatA hai ki unakA brAhmaNoM ne nimANa kiyA thA na ki vANioM ne aura na bauddhoM ne|' 1 varSoM ke aMka dyotaka hone ke udAharaNa anya lipiyoM meM bhI pAe jAte haiM jaise romana aMka I. V. X. L. M zrAdi, grIka aMka, A B Adi, udU ,r zrAdi, hindI 5 kA prAcIna rUpae , ityAdi / arabI meM to 8vIM zatA0 taka 1 se 1000 taka kI sabhI gintiyA~ vaNoM meM thI ythaa| ----------------kramazaH 1,2,3, 4 5. 6, 7, 8, 6, ke --------------" , kramazaH 10, 20, 30, 40, 5. 60, 70, 80, 6, ke aura -------- --- kramazaH 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 780,800, 600. 1000, ke dyotaka the| isa prakAra bhAratavarSa meM 1 se EEEEE taka kI saMkhyA pradarzita karane ke lie 20 cinha the, 6 aMka aura 11 akSarAMka / ataH 11 se 16 taka kI saMkhyA likhane ke lie pahile dahAI kA cihna aura usake Age ikAI kA aMka likhA jAtA thA, udAharaNArtha yadi 47 likhanA hai, to 40+7 athAt pahile 40 kA cinha aura usake Age 7 kA aMka likha diyA jAtA thaa| 280 ke 1 zromA, 'prAcIna lipimAlA' pRSTha 11. For Private And Personal Use Only Page #48 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir akoM kA vikAsa ke lie 100 kA cinha likha kara usake Upara, nIce, madhya athavA dAhinI ora eka Ar3I rekhA lagA dI jAtI thI, 300 ke lie vaisI hI do rekhAe~ lagA dI jAtI thIM, parantu 400 se 100 taka ke lie aisA nahIM thA, isake lie 100 kA cinha likha kara usake Age eka choTI sI Ar3I rekhA lagA dI jAtI thI aura usake pazcAt 400 se 600 taka ke lie kramazaH 4 se 6 taka ke aMka likha die jAte the / ataH 101 se 666. taka kI saMkhyA, saikar3e ke cinha ke Age dahAI kA cinha aura anta meM ikAI kA aMka likha kara likhI jAtI thI, udAharaNArtha 345 ke lie 300+ 40+5 arthAt pahile 300 kA cinha, phira dAhinI ora ko 20 kA cinha aura anta meM 5 ikAI likha dI jAtI thii| yadi saMkhyA meM dahAI athavA ikAI nahIM hotI thI, to usa kA aMka nahIM likhA jAtA thA, udAharaNArtha 5501 meM 500 aura 1 arthAt 500 ke vAda 1 ikAI likhI jAtI thI aura dahAI kA abhAva rahatA thA, 510 meM 500 aura 10 arthAta 500 ke vAda 10 ( 1 dahAI ) kA cinha lagA diyA jAtA thA aura ikAI kA abhAva rahatA thA / 2000 se 6002 taka kI saMkhyAe~ bhI usI prakAra likhI jAtI thI jisa prakAra ki 200 se 100 taka kI saMkhyA ke lie 1000 ke cinha ke dAhinI ora Upara kI tarapha eka choTI sI Ar3I athavA nIce ko mur3I huI sI rekhA lagA dI jAtI thI, 3000 ke lie vaisI hI do rekhAe~ lagA dI jAtI thIM, parantu 4000 se 1000 taka ke lie 1000 kA cinha likha kara eka choTI sI Ar3I rekhA se kramazaH 4 se 6 taka ke aMka jor3a die jAte the| isI prakAra 10000 se 1000 taka ke lie sambhavataH 1000 ke cinha ke bAda eka choTI Ar3I sI rekhA se 10 se 10 taka ke dahAI cinha jor3a die jAte the| ataH For Private And Personal Use Only Page #49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 38 lipi - vikAsa 66666 kI saMkhyA 60000 + 1000 + 600+60+ 6 ke cinha likha kara likhI jAtI thI / akSarAMko ke viSaya meM kucha samaya pUrva prinsepa AryabhaTTa Adi vidvAnoM kA yaha mata thA ki unakI utpatti unake sUcaka zabdoM ke prathama akSaroM se huI hai jaise fA, ( seha) se, hi0 paMca se 5, aM0 four se 4, ityAdi parantu bAda meM cUhalara, bhagavAnalAla, ojhA Adi vidvAnoM ne akSarAMkoM meM koI niyama athavA krama na pAkara ukta mata ko asvIkRta kara diyA; paraMtu isake yaha mAnI nahIM haiM ki akSarAMka hI na the / zabdoM ke prathama akSara aMkoM ke sUcaka bhale hI na hoM, paraMtu akSarAMkoM kA honA nirvivAda hai / itanA hI nahIM, pratyuta aMka-sUcaka akSara lipi ke aneka bheda-upabheda taka the / prAcIna graMthoM se patA calatA hai ki isakI dI zailiyAM thIM jo kramazaH 'gIta-kalpa bhASya' Adi prAcIna jaina graMthoM tathA AryabhaTTa ke jyotiSa graMthoM meM pAI jAtI haiM / akSarAMka lipi meM eka eka aMka ke lie kaI-kaI varNa Ate the jaise ka pa ya tInoM 1 ke dyotaka the / kucha aise udAharaNa bhI pAe jAte haiM jinameM graMthAMtara hone para eka hI svarAMka athavA vyaMjanAMka bhinna-bhinna saMkhyAoM kA dyotaka haiM jaise AryabhaTTa ke jyotiSa granthoM meM ka tathA na kramazaH 1 tathA 0 ke dyotaka haiM, parantu akSara ciMtAmaNi meM 4 tathA 5 ke dyotaka haiN| isake atirikta aMka sUcaka zabda - lipi bhI pracalita thii| isameM bhI do prakAra ke aka the, zabdAMka tathA nAmAMka zabdAMka lipi meM koI padArtha athavA vyakti apanI saMkhyA kA hI sUcaka ho jAtA thA jaise muni saMkhyA meM 7 haiM, ata: 'muni' 7 kA dyotaka thA jaise 'tava prabhu muni zara mAri girAvA'; isI prakAra hasta, karNa, cakSu, bAhu, ityAdi mAnava zarIrAvayava saMkhyA meM 2 -2 hone ke kAraNa 2 ke, nakha saMkhyA meM 20 tathA dazana 32 hone ke kAraNa kramazaH 20 tathA 32 ke, bhuvana vidhu, sUrya, maha, For Private And Personal Use Only Page #50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir aGkoM kA vikAsa 36 nakSatra Adi apanI saMkhyAoM ke anusAra kramazaH 14, 1, 12,6 tathA 27 ke. jyotiSa saMbaMdhI pakSa, rAzi, caraNa Adi kramazaH 2, 12, 4 Adi ke aura sAhitya-zAstra sambandhI vyAkaraNa, veda, purANa, mahAkAvya Adi kramazaH 8, 4. 18, 5 Adi ke, vAcaka the| sArAMza yaha hai ki padArthoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kI saMkhyA zabdAMkoM kA AdhAra thI / kabhI-kabhI eka hI zabda kaI-kaI saMkhyAoM kA dyotaka bhI hotA thA jaise loka 3 tathA 14 kA sUcaka thA, kyoMki loka 3 aura bhuvana 14 haiM aura loka tathA bhuvana payAyavAcI hai| isI prakAra rada tathA 32 kA, naraka 7 tathA 40 kA sUcaka thaa| isake atirikta kabhI-kabhI eka hI zabda apane vibhinna arthoM ke anusAra vibhinna saMkhyAoM kA sUcaka bhI hotA thA jaise 'rasa' jivhA saMbaMdhI tathA sAhitya saMbaMdhI do prakAra ke hote the ataH 'rasa' 6 tathA 6 donoM saMkhyAoM kA sUcaka bhI hotA thA, zrali kA artha 'kAna' tathA veda' donoM hai ataH yaha 2 tathA 4 donoM kA vAcaka thA, tathA 'yuga' jor3e ke artha meM 2 kA aura 'kAla saMbaMdhI yuga' ke artha meM 4 kA sUcaka thaa| isI prakAra kabhI kabhI zabdoM se una vastuoM ke anusAra jinase ve saMbaddha hote the alaga alaga saMkhyAoM kA bodha bhI hotA thA jaise praGga', yadi veda ke haiM, to 6 kA yadi rAjya ke haiM to 7 kA aura yadi yoga ke haiM to 8. vAcaka hogaa| ___ isa prakAra eka hI zabda vividha saMkhyAoM kA sUcaka thaa| ataH zabdAMka lipi meM bar3I anizcitatA thI aura kabhI-kabhI nirNaya meM bar3I gar3abar3a ho jAtI hogii| eka udAharaNa se yaha viSaya spaSTa ho jAyagA / 'aSTa lakSmI' grantha kA racanA kAla usake kavi sa ya sundara ne isa prakAra diyA hai / 'rasa jaladhi rAga soma' athAt (1646), paraMtu 'jaladhi' ke 4 tathA 7 kA aura 'rasa' ke 6 tathA kA sUcaka hone ke kAraNa vidvAnoM ne ThIka For Private And Personal Use Only Page #51 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra aMga Aditya 40 lipi - vikAsa nirNaya karane meM bhUla kI hai| mohanalAlajI dezAI ne 'jaladhi' kA 7 kA aura 'rasa' ko 6 kA bAcaka samajha kara saM 1676 nikAlA hai aura paM0 lAlacandajI tathA pro0 hIrAlAlajI ne 'jaladhi' ko 4 kA sUcaka mAnakara saM0 1646 nikAlA hai / yahA~ kucha aise zabdoM kI jinase eka se adhika sakhyA kA bodha hotA thA, sUcI de denA anucita na hogA / sUcita saMkhyAe~ zabda zabda indra Izvara kAla kama karAMgula va khara gaja giri guNa guti go gova candrakalA vidra aura usake (paryAya raMdhra) jagatI www.kobatirth.org 5,6,7,8,11 1, 12 1, 24 4, 11 3, 6 8, 12 4, 5, 20 0, 6 6, 7 3. 8 5, 7 3. 6.6 3, 6 1, 1, 7 15, 16 0 ha 12, 48 jIva tattva daMDa dizA (aura usake paryAya dika dizita Adi ) dvIpa durga naraka Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nAga pakSa ( aura usakA paryAya ghasra ) paMkti parvata pavana ( tathA usake paryAya For Private And Personal Use Only sUcita saMkhyAe 1, 6 5,7,6,25,28 1, 3 4, 8, 10 7, 8, 18 6, 10, 7, 40 7, 8 2, 15 0, 10 Page #52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ratna * Hai or vidyA aToM kA vikAsa zabda sucita saMkhyAe~ zabda sUcita saMkhyAe~ vAyu anila 3,5,6,13,14 Adi) 5.46 1, 32 payodhi (tathA 1, 12 usake paryAya jaladhi Adi) 4,7 vali 3.5 prakRti 14 21, 25 vAjI brahma 1,3,8 vidhu 1,4 bhuvana (aura vizva 13, 14 usakA paryAya 3, 11. 18 loka) bhUkhaMDa 5, 7, 33 mahI 1,7 svara muni 3.7 3, 10, 11 meru 1,5 zilImukha 5,7 yati 6,7 zruti 2, 4, 8, 20 yuga 2,4 haranetra 1, 3 rasa 6 6. nAmAMka lipi meM kisI vastu athavA vyaktikA nAma apane varga meM jisa krama saMkhyA para hotA thA usI kA vAcaka ho jAtA thA jaise amaranAtha tIrthakara apane varga kA aThArahavA~ tIrtha hai, ataH yaha 18 kA sUcaka thA; isI prakAra sAmaveda veda-varga meM tIsarA hai, ataH 3 kA sUcaka ho gyaa| zabdAMka lipi kI utpatti saMbhavataH isa prakAra huI ki prAcIna kAla meM lekhA baMda mur ora 9 0 1 1 41 G.' ziva For Private And Personal Use Only Page #53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 42 lipi - vikAsa praNAlI kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa jyotiSa, gaNita, vyAkaraNa Adi ke niyama zIghra smaraNa karane ke lie baMdobaddha kara lie jAte the aura cUMki bar3I-bar3I saMkhyAoM ko chaMdobaddha karane meM kaThinatA hotI hai, ataH ve zabdoM dvArA sUcita kI jAtI hoNgii| inake sUcita karane kA niyamaH 'aMkAnAM vAmato gatiH' arthAt ulTA par3hanA, pahile zabda se ikAI, dUsare se dahAI, tIsare se saikar3A, ityAdi thA / eka udAharaNa se yaha viSaya spaSTa ho jAyagA, sUra ne 'sAhityalaharI' kA racanA kAla isa prakAra diyA hai, 'muni puni rasana ke rama lekhu / dasana gaurInaMda ko likhi subala saMbata pekhi / ' isameM 'muni', 'rasana', 'rasa' tathA 'dasanagaurInaMda ko kramazaH 50,6,1 ke dyotaka haiM, ataH 'aMkAnAM vAmato gatiH' ke anusAra racanA kAla saMvat 1607 huA / isI prakAra 'nayana veda 4-muni 7- caMdramA 1- 1042 kA sUcaka hai, 2471 kA nahIM / kahIM-kahIM isa niyama kAna vAmato gatiH' ke apavAda bhI upalabdha hai / yathA, 'zi1 udadhi 7 kAya 6 zazi 0' (jivanuSaM kula jaMbUkumAra rAsa ), 1760 kA sUcaka hai / yahA~ krama sIdhA hai| 'acala 7 locana 2 saMyamabheda' 17 (dAna vijaya kRta vIra sAvana jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 2, pR0 446 ), 1772 kA sUcaka hai / yahA~ pahile ke do zabdoM kA krama sIdhA aura antima eka zabda krama 'vAmato gati' ke anusAra arthAt niyamAnusAra hai / ina apavAdoM kA koI niyama na thA, ataH isa kAraNa bhI bahuta kucha anizcitatA thI / yahA~ prAcIna zabdAMkoM kI eka saMkSipta sUcI de denA ucita hogA / zabdAMka sUcI ( 0 ):-----ambara tathA usake paryAya ( AkAza, gagana, rakha For Private And Personal Use Only Page #54 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zabdAMka sUcI zrAdi), khaga, paMkti, biMdu, raMdhra tathA usakA paryAya (chidra),zUnya / (1):---aMguSTha, aja tathA usake paryAya (brahA vidhAtA Adi ), atIta, advaitavAda, alakha, avAMne tathA usake paryAya (urvarA, urvI, ku, kSamA, go, dharaNI, dharatI, dharA, pRthvI bhU, bhUmi, mahI, medanI, vasuMdharA, ghasudhA Adi) azva, AtmA, Aditya tathA usake paryAya (dineza, sUrya Adi ), indra tathA usakA paryAya (zaka), indu tathA usake paryAya ( uDapati, kalAdhara, kalAnidhi, kSapAkara, candramA, dvijarAja, nizAkara, nizAnAtha, nizApati, nizeza, mRgAMka, rajanIkara, rajanIza, vidhu, zazAMka, soga, hima. kara Adi), eka, kalaza, kumuda, khaDga, gotra, jIva, trinayana, daMDa, dIpa, nAyaka, patAkA, meru, ramA, rada, rAzi, zaMkha, zArada, zukranetra, haranetra, hastikara / (2):-~-akSi tathA usake paryAya ( aMbaka, A~kha, cakSu, haga nayana, netra, locana, Adi), asidhArA tathA usakA paryAya (khaDga dhArA), prAkRti, umaya, kuTumba, kRti. rAjadanta, jAnu, jaMghA, dala, do.. do, dvadva, dvi, dve, nadI-taTa, nAma-jihvA pakSa tathA usakA payAya (gha), bharata-zatrunna, yama tathA usake paryAya kRtAMta, yamarAja Adi), rAma-lakSmaNa, zravaNa tathA usake paryAya (kaNa, zruti Adi), zrRMga, srota, hasta tathA usake paryAya (kara tathA pANi) (3):-anala tathA usake paryAya ( agni, kRzAnu, tapana pAvaka, vahni, zikhI, Adi) kAla, gaja guNa, jvara, tatva, tApa, traya, tri, trikAla, trikUTa, triguNa, trinetra niphalA triratna, trizirA, trizUla, dazA, puSkara, pUrNa, bhavana, tathA usake paryAya (loka, vizva Adi ), muni, yajJopavIta-sUtra, ratna, rAma. vacana, varNa, vAjI, vikrama, vidyAveda, zakti, zira, zUla, saMdhyA, haranetra, tathA usake paryAya ( zivanetra, haranayana ) Adi / For Private And Personal Use Only Page #55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi vikAsa (4):-aMga anuyoga, abhinaya, avasthA, Azrama, Izvara, upAya, kathA, kAsya, phaeNTa, kendra, koSTa, khAni, gaja-jAti, gati, gocaraNa, go stana, caraNa, catura, catuSTaya, cAra, jala, jaladhi tathA usake paryAya / aMbudhi, abunidhi, arNava, jalanidhi, jalAzaya, dadhi, nIradhi, nIranidhi, payodhi, payonidhi, pArAvAra, vAridhi, vArinidhi, samudra, sAgara, siMdhu ), dazaratha-putra, dizi, tathA usake paryAya (dizA Adi ), nIti, phala tathA usakA paryAya (padArtha), bandhu, buddhi, mAlA, bhukti, yAma, yuga, rIti rohiNI, loka-pAla, varNa, vANija, vidhi, vidhi, mukha tathA usake paryAya ( brahma-mukha Adi), veda tathA usakA paryAya (zruti ), sanakAdi, saMghAta, saMjJA, senAMga, svataka, sampradAya, haribhuja tathA usake paryAya (viSNu-bhujA, hari-vamu aadi)| (5):-aMga, akSa, artha, asu tathA usakA paryAya (prANa) AcAra, karAMguli, gavya, gati, giri, jJAna, tattva tathA usakA paryAya (bhUta), parva, pavana tathA usake paryAya ( anila, maruta, bAta, vAyu, samIra, Adi), paMca, paMcaka, paMcakUla. pAMDava, pApa, praNAma, prajApati mahAkAvya, mahAyajJa, mAtA, mRgazira, maru, yajJa. ratna, varga varNa, vali, viSaya, vrata, zara tathA usake paryAya (nAgaca, patrI, vANa, vizikha, zara, zilImukha, sAyaka), zarIra, zastra, zrama, samiti, sura, sumati, sthAnaka, svara / (6):-aMga, aMgirasa, Rtu, karama, kArtikeya, kAraka, karala, kSamAkhaMDa, khara, guNa, cakravattI, jIva, tarka, tRNa, deha, dravya, pada, bhASA, sU-khaNDa, bhRgapada tathA usakA paryAya alipada, yati, rati, rasa, rAga, rAmA, ripu,tathA usakA paryAya ari), lezyA, varNa, vadana, varSadhara, vedAMga, zara, zilImukha, pada, paTAda, samAsa, svara, sNptti| For Private And Personal Use Only Page #56 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zabdAMka sUcI ():--acala tathA usake paryAya ( parvata, giri, naga, bhUdhara, mahIdhara, zaila Adi ) atri, arka, azva tathA usake paryAya (ghoTaka, turaMga, vAji, haya Adi ) udadhi tathA usake paryAya (jaladhi, jalanidhi, toyadhi, vAridhi, samudra, sAgara, Adi) aMga, Rddhi, kalatra, kSetra, khara, gaMdharva, gotra, chaMda, trikUTa, tattva, tola, tulA, dvIpa, duHkha, dhAtu, dhAnya, naraka, nAga, pAtAla, phaNi, maNi, mahI, muli tathA usake paryAya ( RSi, yati ) mAtRka, rAjyAMga, loka tathA usakA paryAya ( bhuvana ), vAra, sapta, sukha, sura, smara, svara / (8):---aMga tathA usakA paryAya ( yogAsa), anIka, ali, aSTa, ahi nayA usake paryAya ( nAga, pannaga, phaNi, vyAla, sarpa Adi ) Iza-mUrti, pazvarya, karma, kalama, kulapati, giri, daMta. dikpAla tathA usake paryAya kuJjara, gaja, diggaja, nAga, yUthapa, lokapAla, vyAla, vAraNa, siMdhura, hasti, hayA), deza, puSkara, brahma, yAma, yoga, vasu, vidhi, vyAkaraNa, zruti, liddhi, sur| (e):--aMka, aMga, khaMDa, khaga guNa, gau, dvAra, durga, naMda, nava, nADI, nAma, nArada, nArAyaNa, pavana, bhakti, natna, rasa, rAzi, sNkhyaa| (10):-aMgadvAra, aMguli, avatAra, avasthA, AzA, karma, daza, dazA, durga, doSa, padma, prANa, mudrA, rAvaNa-sukha, hari / (11):-aMga, akSauhiNI,Iza tathA usake paryAya (caMdrazekhara, bhava, bhUteza, mahAdeva, maheza, zaMkara, ziva Adi), ekAdaza, bhIma ! (12):-Aditya tathA usake paryAya (taraNi dinakara, dinamaNi, divAkara, pataMga, bhAnu, bhAskara, ravi, sUrya Adi) upAMga karma, kAmadeva, kArtikeyanetra, jagatI, dvAdaza, bhakta, bhAvanA, mAsa yama, nAzi, hastA, saMkrAMti, sabhAsada, hRdayakamala / For Private And Personal Use Only Page #57 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa (13):--kAma, ghoSA, tAla, trayodaza, yakSa, ratna, ravi, vizva, vizvedevA, srovr| (14):-azvinI, kulAkara, caturdaza, jiSNu tathA usake paryAya (indra, purandara, zakra, surapati, sureza, viDojA), deva, dhruvatArA, yama, rajju, ranna, loka tathA usake paryAya (bhuvana, vizva yAdi ), vidyA, srota, svapna / (15):-candrakalA, tithi, pakSa, tathA usakA paryAya (ghasra), paMcadaza, vRSa / (16):-aMbikA, aSTi, indukalA tathA usake paryAya (zazikalA Adi) upacAra, citrabhAnu, pArSada, bhUpa tathA usake paryAya ( bhUpati, bhUpAla, rAjA Adi), zRMgAra, poDaza, sura, saMskAra / (17):--atyaSTi, kunthu, bhojana, mitra, vAri, vArida tathA usake paryAya ( aMbuda, ghana, jImUta, megha, jalada, payoda Adi) saMyama ( athavA saMyama bheda ), saptadaza / (18):-adhyAya, aSTAdaza, tAraNa, dvIpa, dhRti, purANa,bhAra, vidyA, smRti / (16):-anidhRti, ekonavizaMti, dhanyA pArthiva, piMDasthAna, vizeSa, sNjnyaa| (20):-karAMguli, dhRti, rAvaNa-cakSu athavA dazakaMdhara-cakSu, rAvaNa-bhujA athavA dazakaMdhara bhujA, nakha, nara, vyaya, vizaMti, viMzopaka vizva, zruti / / (21:-utkRti, ekavizati, prakRti, sarvajita, svarga tathA usake paryAya ( amaraloka, amarAlaya, devAlaya, vidhAlaya suraloka, suraaly)| (22):-kRti, jAti, dvAviMzati, parISaha / / (23,:-akSauhiNI, jarAsaMdha, trayoviMzati, vikRti / For Private And Personal Use Only Page #58 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zabdAMka sUcI ___ (24):-avatAra, arhata, gAyatrI, caturviMzati, jina, tattva, siddha, sukRti / (25):--tattva, paMcavizati, prakRti / (26):--utkRti / 667):--nakSatra tathA usake payAya ( uDu. RkSa, tAraka, tArA aadi)| (28):--labdhi / (30):-dala, sdn| (32):--dvAtriMzata, nara-lakSaNa, rada tathA usake paryAya (daMta, dazana, dvija, rdn)| (33):-trayAstrizat, triviSTapa, budha, sura tathA usake paryAya (amara, deva, devatA, vivudha ) / (36):---rAginI, vagamUla / (40):-tarako (48):--jgtii| (46):---pavana tathA usake paryAya (anila, prabhaJjana, pavamAna, maruta, vAta, vAyu, samIraNa), tAna / (64):-strii-klaa| (68):-tIrtha / (72):-puruss-klaa| (84):-- jaati| (100):--ajuna-suta, kamala-dala tathA usake paryAya (adala, aja-dala Adi) kIcaka, jayamAlA, 'vRtarASTra-putra athavA dhRtarASTra-suta, maNihAra, rAvaNAMguli, zakrayatA, zatabhiSA, saj / (1000):-~-idra, indra netra tathA usakA paryAya ( indra-calu), ajuna bANa, ajuna-bhuja, gaMgA-mukha, paMkaja-dala tathA usake paryAya (aMbujacchada. kamala-dala Adi), ravikara, vizvAmitra For Private And Personal Use Only Page #59 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi vikAsa Azrama, zeSa-zIrSa tathA usakA paryAya (ahipati-mukha), saamved-shaakhaa| (10,000):-ayut| (1,00,000):-pryut| (10,00,00,000):-arbuda / aba prazna yaha hai ki aMkoM kI utpatti kisa prakAra huii| yadyapi yaha batAnA to asambhava hai ki aMkoM kA AviSkAra kaba aura kisane kiyA, parantu itanA nizcita hai ki inakI utpatti rekhAlipi se huI hai, udAharaNArtha 1, 2, 3, 4 kramazaH -, =. =, + ke vikasita rUpa haiN| yahA~ aGkoM ke vikAsa kAsaMkSipta itihAsa de denA anucita na hogaa| __ aMko kA saMkSipta itihAsa 5:-isakA prathama cihna (-) 4 thI zatAbdI taka prayukta hotA thA aura vyApArI loga to aba bhI - rakameM likhane meM 'eka Ane ke sthAna para yahI cihna kAma meM lAte haiN| yaha rUpa nAnAghATa, nAsika Adi kI gufAoM, AMdhra tathA anya kSatriya rAjAoM ke zilA lekhoM, mathurA tathA usake nikaTavatI pradeza se prApta kSatriya tathA kuzana rAjAoM ke zilAlekhoM aura mAlavA. gujarAta, rAjapUtAnA Adi meM rAjya karane vAle kSatriya rAjAoM ke sikkoM, meM upalabdha hai| dUsarA rUpAntara sundaratA lAne ke kAraNa huA hai| yaha gupta vaMzI rAjAoM ke zilAlekhoM meM, nepAla se prApta 8 vIM zatA0 taka ke zilAlekhoM meM aura kAThiyAvAr3a ke vallabhI rAjAoM ke 6ThI se8vIM zatA0 taka ke tAmrapatroM meM prApta hai| yaha rUpa dUsare rUpa kA hI rUpAntara hai| yaha Bower __ * aMzata bhomAjI kI pustaka 'nAgarI aGka tathA acara' ke AdhAra para For Private And Personal Use Only Page #60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ka akoM kA saMkSipta itihAsa 46 Manuscript (bAbara sAhaba dvArA khoja kI huI eka prAcIna hastalikhita pustaka ) meM upalabdha hai| cauthA rUpa tIsare rUpa se tvarAlekhana ke kAraNa banA hai / yaha 11 vIM zatA0 kI kaI eka hastalikhita pustakoM meM upalabdha hai| zeSa rUpa cauthe rUpa ke hI rUpAntara haiN| 2 tathA 3:--ina donoM aGkoM ke cAroM rUpAMtaroM kA itihAsa kramazaH '1' ke pahile, dUsare, tIsare tathA cauthe rUpAntaroM ke anusAra hI hai| 4:-yaha rUpa azoka ke kAlasI ke terahaveM zilAlekha meM upa. labdha hai| dUsarA rUpa nAnA ghATa Adi kaI sthAnoM meM prAcIna zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha hai| tIsarA rUpa kSatriya rAjAoM ke sikkoM meM upalabdha hai| cauthA rUpa tIsare kA hI rUpAntara hai aura tvarAlekhana ke kAraNa banA hai| yaha 10 vIM zatA0 ke nikaTa kI hastalikhita pustakoM meM prApta hai| 5:- kA pahilA rUpa AMdhra tathA kSatriya rAjAoM ke lekhoM meM aura dUsarA gupta rAjAoM ke zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha hai| tIsarA rUpa nepAla ke zilAlekhoM tathA prAcIna pustakoM meM upalabdha hai| cauthA tathA pAMcavA 5pa vIM tathA 10 vIM zatA0 ke lekhoM meM prApta haiN| 6:- kA pahalA rUpa azoka ke sahasrAma tathA rUpanAtha ke laghu zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha hai| dUsarA rUpa pahale kA rUpAntara mAtra hai aura mathurA tathA usake nikaTavartI pradeza se prApta kuzana rAjAoM ke zilA lekhoM meM upalabdha hai| tIsarA rUpa dUsare se tvarA lekhana dvArA niSkramita huA hai aura kannauja ke parihAra rAjA mahipAla ke haDDAlA ke tAmrapatra meM ( 614 I0) upalabdha hai| * ina zilA lekhoM tathA siddhapura ke zilAlekha meM 6 atirikta 50 ora 100 ke aGka bhI prApta haiM, For Private And Personal Use Only Page #61 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa 7:-kA pahilA rUpa AMdhra rAjAoM ke zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha hai / dUsarA rUpa pahile kA rUpAntara hai aura tvarAlekhana dvArA banA hai / yaha kSatriya rAjAoM ke sikkoM meM upalabdha hai| tIsarA aura cauthA rUpa isI ke rUpAMtara haiM / ye kSatriya rAjAoM ke sikkoM aura ballabhI rAjAoM ke tAmrapatroM meM upalabdha haiN| 8:-kA pahilA rUpa AMdhra rAjAoM ke zilAlekhoM meM aura dUsarA aura tIsarA gupta rAjAoM ke lekhoM meM upalabdha hai| ___:-kA pahilA aura dUsarA rUpa AMdhra rAjAoM ke sikkoM meM upalabdha hai| cauthA rUpa gupta rAjAoM ke lekhoM meM upalabdha hai aura tvarA lekhana ke kAraNa tIsare rUpa se niSkramita huA hai| pAMcave rUpa kA prAdurbhAva tvarA lekhana dvArA cauthe rUpa se hazrA hai aura yaha 10 vIM zatA0 ke lekhoM meM prApta hai| chaThA rUpa isI kA rUpAntara mAtra hai saba se prathama kucha aMka-cihna azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM milate haiN| isake pUrva ke aMka-cinha aprApya haiM; parantu isake yaha mAnI nahIM haiM ki bhArata meM maurya-kAla ke pUrva aMka-cinha the hI nahI aura isa samaya ve kisI videzI aMka-lipi ke AdhAra para nirmita kara liye gae, jaisA ki kucha vidvAnoM kA mithyA bhrama hai| - yahA~ kucha videzI aGka lipiyoM kI vyAkhyA kara denA ucita hai| mizra kA sabase prAcIna aGka hAiroglAiphika citra lipi thaa| hAiroglAiphika aGka lipi meM 1, 50 tathA 100 kevala tIna aka cinha the| inhIM tIna akoM se 666 taka ke aGka anate the| 1 kA aGka cinha eka khar3I lakIra thA, 1 se 6 taka ke aGka 1 ke aGka cinha ko dAI ora kramazaH 1 se 6 bAra likhane se banate the| 11 se 16 taka ke lie 10 ke aGka vinha ke bAI ora kramazaH 1 se taka khar3I lakIreM arthAt 1 kA aGka cinha lagAne se banate the / 10 se 60 taka ke aGka cinha 10 ke aGka For Private And Personal Use Only Page #62 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hi kA saMkSipta itihAsa 51 cinha ko kramazaH 1 se 6 bAra likhane se banate the / isI prakAra 100 se 600 taka likhane ke lie 100 kA aka cinha kramazaH 1 se 6 bAra likhA jAtA thA / ataH misrI a prArambhika avasthA meM thA aura bhAratIya a adhika jaTila thA / phinIziyana aGka mistrI aGkoM se hI nikale haiN| isameM 20 kA eka navIna aGka cinha banA liyA gayA hai aura 30 se 60 taka likhane ke lie 20 tathA 10 ke aGka cinha AvazyakatA - nusAra likhe jAte the / udAharaNArtha 60 ke lie 20 kA aGka 4 cAra aura usake bAda 10 kA aGka likhA jAtA thA / For Private And Personal Use Only krama bilakula krama se kahIM grIka aGka lipi meM kevala 10000 taka kI saMkhyA thI / romana akka lipi meM 1000 taka saMkhyA thI / romana aka aba bhI ghar3iyoM tathA anya sthAnoM meM pracalita haiM / usameM 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 aura 1000 ke aka cinha haiM, zeSa aGka tathA saMkhyAyeM inhIM se bana jAtI haiM / ukta videzI aGka kramoM meM eka bhI aisA na thA jisase gaNita jyotiSa tathA vijJAna kI koI vizeSa unnati ho sake / yaha saba unnati bhAratIya aGka krama dvArA huI / bhAratIya aMkoM meM vaidika kAlIna jihvAmUlIya tathA upadhmAnIya akSaroM kA honA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki unakI utpatti vaidika kAla meM ho cukI thI aura unakA nirmANa brAhmaNoM dvArA huA na ki videziyoM dvArA / araba, grIsa, roma Adi anya dezoM maiM to kAra to isake bahuta bAda meM huA hai / bhAratIya aMkoM kI do zailiyA~ haiM, prAcIna tathA navIna / azokakAlIna aMka cinha prAcIna zailI ke udAharaNa haiM / jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai prAcIna zailI meM 1 se 1 taka aMka the aura dahAI se gaNanA karane kA niyama na thA / yaha zailI 150 I0 zrI nandira AA Page #63 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi vikAsa pU0 taka pUrNa ho cukI thii| navIna zailI meM zUnya kI yojanA ho gaI thI aura dahAI se ginane kI prathA bhI cala par3I thii| isI samaya bhAratavAsIya na 'daza guNottara saMkhyA krama bhI nikAlA, jisake anusAra kisI aGka ke dAhinI ora se bAI haTane para usakA mUlya dasa gunAho jAtA hai, udAharaNArtha 15511 meM pA~coM aGka ? ke hI haiM, parantu dAhinI ora se lene se pahilA ikAI, dUsarA dahAI, tIsarA saikar3A, cauthA hajAra tathA pAMcavA~ dasa hajAra hai arthAt pahile se 1 kA, dUsare 1 se 10 kA, tIsare 1 se 100 kA, cauthe 1 se 1000 kA aura pA~caveM 1 se 10000 kA bodha hotA hai ! saMsAra kI gaNita, jyotiSa vijJAna Adi kI samasta unnati bhAratavAsiyoM ke isI aGka krama ke kAraNa huI hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki bhAratavAsiyoM ne yaha aGka krama kaba nikAlA aura isakA pracAra anya dezoM meM kaba aura kisa prakAra huA! arAhamihira kI 'paMca siddhAntikA' meM jo ki 5 vIM zatAkI hai, navIna zailI ke ata sarvatra pAe jAte haiN| yoga sUtra ke bhASya meM jo 300 I0 ke nikaTa kA hai, vyAsa ne 'dazaguNottara aGku krama' kA udAharaNa spaSTa rUpa se diyA hai| isake atirikta bakhzAlI, (ji0 yusuphajaI, paMjAba) meM bhojapatra para eka hasta likhita pustaka pAI gaI hai jisameM navIna zailI ke aGka upalabdha haiN| hArnalIke mata se isakA racanA kAla rIathavA 4thI zatA hai| vAtaH yaha nizcita hai ki navIna zailI pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM pracalita kI aura isakA AviSkAra isake kucha pUrva sambhavataH 4thI zatA meM ho gayA thaa| isake videzoM meM prasaraNa ke vipaya meM promA kA mata hai ki navIna zailI ke aMkoM kI mRSTi bhAratavarSa meM huI phira yahA~ se araboM ne yaha krama sIkhA aura araboM se usakA praveza yUropa meM huA hai| * aojhA, 'zacAna lipimA nA', pRSTha 117-118... For Private And Personal Use Only Page #64 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir akkoM kA saMkSipta itihAsa isake pUrva eziyA aura yUropa kI cAlDiana, hibra, grIka, alba Adi jAtiyA~ varNa mAlA ke akSaroM se aMkoM kA kAma letI thIM / araboM meM khalIphAvalIda ke samaya (I0 sa0 7.5-515) raka aGkoM kA pracAra nahIM thA, jisake bAda unhoMne bhAratavAsiyoM se aGka lie isakI puSTi ala narutI ne bhI apanI pustaka 'iMDiyA', bhAga 1, meM isa kathana dvArA kI hai, hindU loga apanI varNamAlA ke akSaroM se aGgoM kA kAma nahIM lete the jaisA ki hama hitra va gAlA ke krama ke anumAra arabI akSarI ko kAma meM tAte haiN| bhArata meM jisa prakAra kI prAkRtiyA~ bhinna haiM, vaise hI yA sUcaka cimoM kI prAkRtiyA~ bhI bhinna hai| jina grahoM ko hama prayoga meM lAne sundara aGkI se lie gae haiN| promAjI ko manA rahIM dvArA bhI hotI hai yathA prakarajI vizvako: (Encyclopedia Brita. miica) meM diyA hai, "isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki hamArA (aGga raMjI) vartamAna aGkakrama ( dazaguNottara) bhAratIya upaja hai| ina aGgoM kA araba meM praveza saMbhavataH 773 I. meM huA, jaba ki eka bhAratIya rAjadUta rakhagola laMbaMdhI sAragiyA~ agadAda meM nAyA thaa| phira 6 vIM zanA ke prAraMbhika kAla meM abujaphara mahammada lakhAumI ne arabI meM ukta krama kI vyAkhyA kI aura usI samaya se araboM meM usakA pracAra adhika hone lgaa| _ yUropa meM anya sahita yaha sampUrNa ala krama' 12 vIM zatA meM praaraboM se liyA gayA aura isa krama dvArA banA huzyA aGka gaNita atA goridamala ( algorithama ahalAyA : jo ki vivezI zabda alasvAdimI' kA akSatAmAna hai ataH mAratIya aGkama kA praveza arana se vI zatA meM aura araba se yUropa meM 12 vI sAmaH- meM huaa| 1. Alican'Mindis', ma.yaha 1, pR. 144 ! 2.intopedia aritannica, ma:33 : pRSTha 326 / For Private And Personal Use Only Page #65 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org 54 lipi vikAsa aba kevala eka prazna raha jAtA hai ki dahAI tathA zUnya kI yojanA kisa prakAra huI / hama dekhate haiM ki bacce prAraMbha meM imalI ke cIyoM, maTTI kI guljiyoM athavA choTI-choTI kaMkar3iyoM dvArA ginatI sIkhate haiM, tatpazcAt ve u~galiyoM para ginanA sIkha jAte haiN| ThIka yahI krama prAcIna kAla meM bhI thA, sarvaprathama pattharoM ke Tukar3oM dvArA gaNanA hotI thI tatsyAt u~galiyoM kA prayoga hone lagA / u~galiyoM kA usa samaya bar3A mahattva thA / hAtha kI u~galiyoM kI saMkhyA 10 hai, ataH dahAI se gaNanA hone lagI aura aneka prakAra ke dahAI sUcaka gaNanA-yantra bana gae, Adhu nika bAla- phrama inhIM kA avazeSa cinha hai / tatpazcAta gaNanAyantroM kI AkRti ke anukaraNa para aMka caupaTe khAnoM ke bhItara likhe jAne lage aura sthAnAnusAra unase ikAI, dahAI, saikar3e Adi kA bodha hone lagA ! vdAharaNArtha ve zaza kI bhA~ti likhe jAte the / jaba kabhI ikAI bahAI Adi ke sthAna meM koI aMka nahIM hotA thA to khAlI khAnA [[" | banAyA jAtA thaa| bAda meM jaba khAne tvarAlekhana meM bAdhaka hue, to unakA lopa ho gayA aura aMka dUra-dUra 62 5 kI bhA~ti likhe jAne lage aura khAlI khAne ke lie eka bindu lagA diyA jAtA thA jo ki arabI tathA usase prabhAvita phArasI urdU Adi meM zUnya ke lie aba bhI zrAtA hai / bAda meM jaba aMka Ajakala kI bhA~ti pAsa-pAsa 621 kI taraha likhe jAne lage, to bindu bahuta choTA hone ke kAraNa gar3abar3a karatA thA, ataH use eka cakra se ghera kara o kI bhA~ti likhA jAne lagA / kAlAntara meM bindu lupta ho gayA aura kevala cakra hI zUnya kA dyotaka raha gayA / * sArAMza yaha hai ki aMkoM kI utpatti sarvaprathama bhAratavarSa meM huI aura yahA~ se unakA praveza araba meM aura araba se yUropa ke grIsa, roma Adi dezoM meM huA / cU~ki azoka kAla se pUrva ke Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private And Personal Use Only Page #66 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hindI tathA anya lipiyAM aMka-cinha aprApya haiM, ataH unakI utpatti kA ThIka-ThIka samaya batAnA to kaThina hai, parantu unameM jihvAmUlIya tathA upadhmAnIya varNoM kA honA yaha prakaTa karatA hai ki saMbhavataH unakA Avi kAra vaidika kAla meM huA thA / 1 se 6 taka ke aMka to 150 I0 pU0 taka pUrNa ho cuke the, parantu zUnya kI yojanA tathA dahAI se gaNanA karane kA niyama pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka pUrNa huaa| taba se aMka lagabhaga usI rUpa meM cale A rahe haiM, kevala eka do aMkoM meM saundaryArtha eka-Adha rekhA ghaTa-bar3ha gaI hai jaise tathA ke sthAna meM kramazaH 8 tathA : likhe jAne lage haiM / chApe meM 4, 5, 8, 6 kramazaH 4, 5, 8, 6 kI bhA~ti bhI likhe jAte haiN| hindI tathA anya lipiyA~ kisI lipi kA zreSTa athavA nikRSTa honA, nizcaya, upayogitA, saralatA, saundarya tathA svarAlekhana Adi pA~ca guNoM para nirbhara haiN| lipiyoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM inhIM pA~ca bAtoMkI tulanA karanI cAhie / hindI lipi kA tulanAtmaka gaurava jJAta karane ke lie usako udU, romana, ba~galA, gurumukhI, gujarAtI, marAThI Adi mukhya mukhya lipiyoM ke sAtha ukta kasauTI para kasanA caahie| aAjakala bhAratavarSa kI sarvapramukha lipiyA~ tIna haiM hindI, ud tathA romana / hindI vizeSatayA uttarI bhArata ke hinduoM tathA jamunA pAra ke kucha hindI bhASI musalamAnoM kI lipi hai, parantu idhara svarAjya Andolana ke kAraNa isakA pracAra dakana meM madrAsa tara hogayA hai, sambhava hai kisI samaya yaha samasta bhArata meM vyavahata hone lge| urdU, uttarI bhArata ke musalamAnoM tathA mugala-kAla ke prabhAva se kAyasthoM kI gharU tathA likhane-par3hane kI bhASA, haidarAbAda dakana kI musalima rAjya hone ke kAraNa rAjyabhASA tathA usake prabhAvase bambaI. madrAsa kI vyavahArika bhASA, For Private And Personal Use Only Page #67 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi vikAsa kAzmIra kI, musalamAna prajA atisaMkhyaka hone ke kAraNa, lokabhASA aura paJjAba kI arabI-phArasI ke prabhAva se sarvasAdhAraNa kI bhASA hai| ataH udUlipi kA pracAra uttarI bhArata, kAzmIra, paJjAba tathA haidarAvAda dakana meM adhika hai| romana (aMgrajI) bhArata meM aMgrejI rAjya hone ke kAraNa, rAjya-lipi hai aura samasta bhArata ke daphtaroM Adi meM prayukta hotI hai| ba~galA, gurumukhI, gujarAtI Adi anya lipiyA~ prAntika haiM aura inakA kSetra bahuta saMkucita hai| isa prakAra hindI, urdU tathA romana lipiyoM kA anya lipiyoM kI apekSA kSetra bar3A aura mahatva adhika hai| ataH hama prathama hindI kI urdU tathA romana lipiyoM se vistRta tulanA aura phira ba~galA, gurumukhI, gujarAtI, marAThI Adi se saMkSipa tulanA kareMge / (ka) hindI, urdU tathA romana lipiyA~ ---nizcaya tathA upayogitA kA sambandha dhvani vicAra se aura saralatA, saundarya tathA tvarAlekhana kA rUpa vicAra se hai| (a) dhvanivicAra (1) nizcaya-kisI lipi ke nizcayAtmaka hone ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki eka lipi cinha se eka hI dhvani kA bodha ho aura jo likhA jAya vahI par3hA jAya / urdU meM eka eka cinha kaI-kaI dhvaniyoM kA dyotaka hai udAharaNArtha, ya I e ai Adi kA dyotaka hai jaise kramaza: .L) (riyAsata) .:. ( bIsa), (kheta), (bata , Adi meM; isI prakAra' , ' U o au va Adi ke lie AtA hai jaise Eai (OMda), (topa), (aurata), (vakta) Adi meM / romana ko bhI yahI dazA hai, apitu usameM to kevala 5 svara tathA 21 vyaJjana hone ke kAraNa adhikatara lipi saMketa aise haiM jinase kaI-kaI dhvaniyoM kA bodha hotA hai udAharaNArtha se sa For Private And Personal Use Only Page #68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hindI tathA anya lipiyA~ tathA ka kA jaise pice tathA cat meM, ch se ca ka tathA za kA jaise chain, monarch tathA machine meM, d se Da da tathA ja kA jaise duty, Mahmud tathA education meM, 3 se ga tathA ja kA jaise get tathA page meM, 5 se sa ja tathA (jha) jaise Sat, is tathA measure meM, 1 se dala tathA ca kA jaise teacher, Bharat' tathA Portugese meM, seTha tha tathA da kA jaise Thakur', through tathA that meM, 2 se azrA e tathA ai kA jaise Americal, custi table tathA man meM, 11 se a OM kA jaise cuti put tathA tune meM, 0 se zrA tathA o kA jasa pot tathA nose meM, Ougt: se pha tathA o kA jaise rough tathA though meM, ityAdi / hindI meM yaha doSa nahIM hai, usameM 16 svara tathA 33 vyaJjana hone ke kAraNa eka lipi cinha se eka hI dhvani kA bodha hotA hai aura jo likhA jAtA hai vahI par3hA jAlA hai, urdU athavA romana kI bhA~ti likho kucha aura par3ho kucha vAlA hisAba nahIM hai / do eka udAharaNoM se yaha viSaya spaSTa ho jaaygaa| hindI meM Udho Udho hI rahatA hai, parantu urdU meM, bahurUpiyA hai aura aodhaka, audhava, Udhava, UdhU, godhU , aunU, godho, audho zraudhau Adi jo cAhe to ho sakatA hai / anekoM hindI zabda aise haiM jo urdU meM bhrAntirahita nahIM likhe jA sakate ! isake atirikta urdU meM :'- - ---.) Adi kamazaH likhe to lahajA hatI ulAmakAna bAlkUla, allaha jAte haiM parantu par3he lihAjA, hattattaimakAna, cilkula, allA jAte haiM / likhane meM to urdU meM aura bhI gar3abar3a hai| ulikhane vAle prAyaH jera, jabara, peza, nuktA (bindu Adi ko upekSA kara dete haiN| phala yaha hotA hai ki likho AlU bukhArA(ii) aura par3ho ullU vicaaraa| tanika sI amAvadhAnI meM 'khudA' se 'judA ho jAtA hai For Private And Personal Use Only Page #69 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi vikAsa romana kI bhI yahI dazA hai| hindI meM hare, dhavana, Thekora Adi jo likhe jAyeMge vahI par3he jAyeMge, romana meM Hare ko hare athavA heara, Dhawan ko dhavana, dhavAna athavA dhAvana, Thacore ko Thekora, Thekaura, TAkora, ThakAra, thaikaura, daikaura Adi jo cAhe so par3ha sakate haiN| ____ kahA~ taka kahA jAya romana meM hinduoM ke 'rAma' aura 'kRSNa' aura musalamAnoM ke 'khudA' taka badala jAte haiN| romana meM najo 'akAra' hai aura na 'AkAra,' ataH 'Narma' ko 'rAma' ke atirikta 'Ara-e-ema-3' 'raime'. reme', 'remaiM', 'ramA', 'rAmA' Adi jo cAhe par3ha sakate haiN| yahI dur dazA 'kRSNa' aura 'khudA' kI bhI hai / 'rAma' aura 'kRSNa' ko romana meM 'rAmA' aura 'kRSNA par3hanA to eka sAdhAraNa sI bAta hai| 'bhagavAna taka ko pulligA meM strIliMga banA denA", yaha romana lipi hI kara sakatI hai. anya nhiiN| isake atirikta kI A~ti tanika se nukte athavA lakIra meM kucha kA kucha ho jAne kA doSa mana meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai, udAharaNArtha 'S' (sa ) ke kapa tAnaka-mI vakra rekhA lagA dene se vaha 'za' (15) aura noca bindu lagAne se 'pa' (s), n na) meM nIce bindu lagAne se 'raNa' (), aura / (ra) meM nIce bindu lagAne se R (!) ho jAtA hai| aba yadi rekhA athavA binda likhane se raha gayA, to 'za' athavA 'pa' kevala 'sa', 'Na' kevala 'na' aura R kevala 'ra' raha jAtA hai| itanA hI nahIM, apitu varNoM kA kapa taka nizcita nahIM hai| koI-koI varNa to romana meM vibhinna vihAna bhinna-bhinna prakAra se likhate haiM, udAharaNArtha 'za' kI kodha mahAzaya '' isa prakAra, vara sAhaba (6) isa prakAra thora vinTaraniTasa '' isa prakAra likhate haiN| ataH jaba taka pAThaka ko saba vidvAnoM ke rUpoM kA patA na ho, vaha par3ha taka nahIM sktaa| yaha gar3abar3I nitya prati bar3hatI hI jA rahI hai, For Private And Personal Use Only Page #70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hindI tathA anya lipiyA~ kAraNa ki romana lipi kA vyavahAra karane vAloM ko jyoM-jyoM navIna dhvaniyoM kA patA lagatA jAtA hai, tyoM-tyoM bhedaka cihnoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI jAtI hai / romana meM eka aura bhI asuvidhA hai ki usameM lekhana-zailI chApe kI zailI se nitAnta bhinna hai| kisI-kisI varNa meM to jaise tathA a, / tathA f, g tathA g ityAdi meM itanA antara hai ki yadi kisI ko chApe kI zailI kA jJAna na ho to vaha par3ha hI nahIM sakatA / chApe tathA likhane kI zailiyoM ke atirikta bar3e ( Capital ) aura choTe ( Small ) varNoM kA bheda jAnanA bhI aAvazyaka hai| isake atirikta zIghratA se aMgrejI likhane meM prAyaH ie, w m, h bl, ga, p f Adi eka se bana jAte haiM aura par3hane meM bar3I gar3abar3a hotI hai| aba hindI ko lIjiye, isameM anizcitatA athavA avaijJAnikatA apekSAkRta kama hai| isameM pratyeka zabda kavala zuddha rUpa se likhA hI nahIM jA sakatA, apitu bhrAnti rahita par3hA bhI jA sakatA hai| kevala do varNa kha tathA arddha Na ( e ) aise haiM jinameM kabhI-kabhI gar3abar3a ho jAtI hai ora kha ko rava aura e ko rA par3ha liyA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha likhane meM tanika sI asAvadhAnI hone para khAnA khAnA aura pANDava pArAva ho sakate haiN| kabhI-kabhI va tathA va aura ru tathA rU meM bhI gar3abar3a ho jAtI hai| aura inake sUkSma bheda kI ora dhyAna na dekara prAyaH ba ke sthAna va aura rU ke sthAna meM ru likha diyA jAtA hai| __ hindI meM eka aura bhI vizeSatA hai ki jo varNa jisa prakAra uccarita hotA hai usI prakAra likhA jAtA hai udAharaNArtha 'ma' 'la' 'sa' Adi ke uccAraNa meM ma la sa kI dhvani nikalatI hai aura 'ma' 'la' 'sa' hI likhe jAte haiM, parantu urdU tathA romana ke eka varNa ke bolane meM kaI dhvaniyoM athavA varNoM kA eka zabda For Private And Personal Use Only Page #71 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi vikAsa bolanA par3atA hai aura likhA kevala eka dhvani kA dyotaka varNa hI jAtA hai jaise ma la sa ke liye urdU meM mIma, lAma, sIna aura gemana meM ema, ela, esa bole jAte haiM aura likhe kevala ._ . athavA m ] 8 jAte haiM / urdU varNa : 35 aura aM.fhing r w x yr kI bhI yahI izA hai| zeSa varNaEE Adi tathA a tho Tjk Adi bhI sIdhI dhvaniyoM ke botaka nahIM hai| ataH uda tathA romama varNamAlA vaijJAnika nahIM hai| a~garejI meM to eka aura bhI doSa hai ki prAyaH varNa athavA akSara anucarita ho jAte hai jaise write right, pneumonia, condemn Adi kA ucAramA kramazaH rAiTa, rAiTa, nyUmoniyA, kanDama Adi kI bhA~ti hotA hai| isake atirikta a~garejI meM kucha me saMkSipta pa bhI haiM jinakA unake dyotaka zabdoM meM koI sambandha nahIM haiM jaise cwt= Hundred weight, PS athavA ]}) = Pound, ityaadi| sArAMza yaha hai ki hindI meM o kucha likhA jAtA hai vahI saMzaya rahita nizcaya pUrvaka par3hA jAtA hai| ataH hindI varNamAlA ra tathA romana se adhika vaijJAnika tathA zreSTha hai| 2) upayogitA-kisI lipi kI upayogitA dekhane ke naye yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki usameM adhyAti athavA ati cyAmi dopa to nahIM hai arthAta jamameM Avazyaka naniyoM ke yotaka timi cillA kA abhAva nayA eka vani ke yonaka kaI anAvazyaka cinhoM kI upasthiti to nahIM hai| aneka dhvaniyoM ke liye kahI lizi cilla athavA eka vani ke lie aneka timi cinha nahIM hone caahiye| urdU meM yaI vyaniyoM ke laga kaMvA cinha aura va U o au ke lie , Ate haiN| ku jaNa ke lie koI lipi cihna hai hI nahIM; inakA kAma , se For Private And Personal Use Only Page #72 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - hindA tathA anya lipiyoM calAyA jAtA hai, jo ki kisI prakAra bhI inakA pUrNa tathA zuddha dyotaka nahIM hai, jaisA ki isase spaSTa hai ki gaGgA, praNAma Adi ko 15 ( ganagA) paranAma ) Adi kI bhA~ti likhanA par3atA hai| arddhavarNa koI likhA hI nahIM jAtA jaise dharma, bhakti Adi urdU meM (.- (dharama ), 3 ( bhagata ) adi ho jAte haiM jabara jera paMza kramazaH a i u kI mAtrAoM kA kAma dete haiM, parantu va apUrNa haiM udAharaNArtha mukti ke sthAna meM . ( muktI ), ki ke sthAna meM ( kaha athavA ke ), prakAzacandra ke sthAna meM in : (parakAza candara ), ityAdi likhe jAte haiN| ataH urdU varNamAlA nitAnta apUrNa hai, usameM saMskRta kA koI bhI zloka zuddhatA pUrvaka nahIM likhA jA sakatA hai| ati vyApti kI to yaha dazA hai ki bar3e-bar3e maulavI taka ke cakkara meM par3a jAte haiN| 'sa' dhvani ke lie - ha ke lie ...ta ke lie * . a ke lie 18, z2a ke lie na ke lie! ityAdi Ate haiM arthAta una dhvaniyoM ke lie, jinakA eka-eka cihna paryApta thA vRthA bhrama meM DAlane ke lie anAvazyaka rUpa se kaI kaI cihna Ate haiN| yadyapi bar3e-bar3e maulaviyoM ke anusAra inameM sUkSma dhvanyAtmaka bhada avazya hai, parantu sarva sAdhAraNa use nahIM samajhate / ataH va zuddhatayA prayukta hone ke sthAna meM ulTI bhrAnti utpanna karate haiN| isa prakAra udU ke 38 varSoM meM hai anAvazyaka hai| romana lipi to ukta donoM doSoM meM urdU se bhI gaI-bItI hai| isameM Ga saNa r3ha Da ta da kha jJa a ke lie koI lipi saMketa nahIM hai / Ga a Na ke lie n AtA hai jo itanA apUrva hai ki Danka ( DaMkA) ko DA~kA, DAnakA, DanakA jo cAho so par3halo; isI prakAra paMDita Pandit (paMDiTa), prasAda ko Prasad (prasADa), gar3abar3a ko Garbar ( garabara ), par3ho ko For Private And Personal Use Only Page #73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi vikAsa Parho (paraho), 2 kharagoza ) ko Khargosh (kharagoza), AjJA ko ajna (AnA) ityAdi likhanA par3atA hai| vAstava meM romana meM videzI dhvaniyoM ke vyakta karane kI kI kSamatA hI nahIM hai, saMskRta phArasI Adi kA sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa zloka athavA najma bhI romana meM zuddhatA pUrvaka nahIM likhA jA sakatA / ati vyApti ke viSaya meM yaha hai ki anekoM dhvaniyA~ aisI haiM jinake lie anAvazyaka rUpa se kaI-kaI lipicinha Ate haiM jaise pha ke lie i, ough, ph, da ke lie th, d, ka ke lie , k, g, ch, ck, ja ke lie g, j, z2a ke liye z, s, sa ke lie 6, 8, va ke lie w, v, u (jaise oudh meM), ityAdi / inakA kAma kaMvala eka-eka cinha se bhalI bhA~ti cala sakatA thaa| ataH urdU tathA romana donoM meM se eka bhI avyApti tathA ativyapti doSoM ke kAraNa pUrNatayA upayogI nahIM kahIM jA sktii| hindI meM apanI ho nahIM apitu saMskRta, arabI, phArasI, aMgarejI Adi pratyeka bhASA kI dhvaniyoM ko vyakta karane kI kSamatA hai / pahile phArasI, arabI 5 agarejI a, 0, e, Adi ke lie koI lipi-cinha na the, parantu aba inake lie kramazaH jha, a, ga pha ka kha ja, aM a~ A~ e e Adi Ate haiN| inake atirikta Da Dha va (u) ya () o o ha da Adi aura bhI aneka navIna cinha prayukta hote haiM / vAstava meM hindI lipi itanI pUrNa tathA sthiti sthApaka hai ki kisI bhI bhASA kI dhvani kyoM na ho, vaha hindI ke kisI na kisI varNa dvArA usameM kucha rUpAntara kara ke bhalI bhAMti vyakta kI jA sakatI hai / kevala baMgalA a aura eka Adha marAThI tathA madrAsI dhvaniyoM ke sUcaka cinhoM kA hindI meM abhAva hai| ataH hindI meM vyApti doSa nahIM ke barAbara hai aura saMskRta, phArasI, agarejI, Adi kisI bhI For Private And Personal Use Only Page #74 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hindI tathA anya lipiyA~ bhASA kA kaThina se kaThina chanda bhalI bhA~ti likhA jA sakatA hai| hindI meM prAyaH eka dhvani ke lie eka se adhika cinha nahIM Ae haiN| ataH anAvazyaka cinhoM kA abhAva sA hai| yoM to kevala 'a' eka aisA svara hai jo pradhAna svara kahA jA sakatA hai aura varNa tathA mAtrA donoM haiM, zeSa sabhI svara 'a' ke AdhAra para bana makate haiN| A o o aM aH to 'a' ke AdhAra para banate hI haiM, i I u U e ai bhI siddhAntAnusAra svAbhAvika rUpa se 'a' para mAtrA lagA kara kramazaH zri zrI azrU ajhai kI bhA~ti likhe jA sakate haiM aura marAThI kI uccakoTi kI patra-patrikAoM meM to kucha samaya se i I u U e ai ke sthAna meM zri zrI a a a au prayukta bhI hone lage haiN| hindI meM aisA karane meM lipi subodha tathA vaijJAnika to avazya ho jAtI hai, parantu tvarA lekhana ko kucha dhakkA lagatA hai aura vizeSataH hindI meM, kyoMki hindI a kA rUpa marAThI ase kucha kliSTa tathA bhinna hai| ataH hindI I u U e ai bhI anAvazyaka nahIM kahe jA sakate / kevala R. eka aisA varNa avazya hai ki jisakA kAma 'ri' se bhI cala sakatA hai| saMbhava hai yaha bhI kisI samaya apane pUrvaja R kI bhA~ti lupta ho jAya / Aja kala bhI isakA prayoga prAyaH tatsam zabdoM meM hI hotA hai| candra vindu (*), anusvAra (), Ga, Ja, arddha Na naM ma meM saMskRta meM kucha sUkSma bheda avazya hai; aura niyamAnusAra anusvAra ke pazcAta jisa varga kA varNa ho, usI varga kA pA~cavA~ varNa anunAsika vyaM jana svarUpa AnA cAhie arthAt yadi anusvAra ke pazcAt kavarga kA koI varNa ho, to Ga jaise lakkA, cavarga kA koI varNa ho to A jaise paJjA, tavarga kA koI varNa ho, to na jaise krAnti, Tavarga kA koI varNa ho, to Na jaise daNDa tathA pavarga kA koI varNa ho, to ma jaise kumbha AyagA, parantu hindI meM yaha saba anAvazyaka sA ho gayA hai, kAraNa ki Ajakala hindI meM For Private And Personal Use Only Page #75 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi vikAsa anunAsika vyajanoM ke sthAna meM anusvAra () lagAne kI pravRtti cala par3I hai ora usakA uccAraNa prAyaH 'na' kI bhA~ti hone lagA hai yathA---gaGgA, paJca, paNDita, zambhu Adi zabda kramazaH gaMgA, paMca, paMDita, zaMbhu Adi kI bhA~ti likhe jAte haiN| aM aH to kevala mAtrA mAtra haiM hii| aba raha gayA kevala eka varNa 'ba' jo nirarthaka sA hai / pahile yaha kha dhvani kA dyotaka thA, parantu Aja kala 'za' dhvani kA dyotaka hai aura isake sthAna meM za prayukta bhI hone lagA hai jaise kopa, veSa, zIrSa AzISa kRSNa Adi ke sthAna meM korA veza, zIza, kizana, AzIza Adi bhI prayukta hote haiM / ataH jaba isakA kAma 'za' se cala sakatA hai, to yaha anAvazyaka hai| jJa kA kAma bhI gya se cala sakatA hai| 'dara,' 'kta' saMyuktAkSaroM ke prArambhika rUpa daya kta athavA kta Adi bhI anAvazyaka rUpa se prayukta hote haiM, parantu inakA pracAra dhIre-dhIre kama ho rahA hai| ataH GaH ba Rpa jJa ke atirikta zeSa koI varNa anAvazyaka nahIM hai| isake atirikta svaroM kA mAtrA svarUpa prayukta honA hindI kI eka upayogitA hI nahIM, apitu aisI vizeSatA hai jo anya kisI lipi meM nahIM pAI jAtI / ataeva hindI urdU tathA romana kI apekSA adhika upayogI hai| itanA hI nahIM, hindI varNa krama bhI u tathA romana kI apekSA adhika vaijJAnika hai / lipi cinha dhvaniyoM ke sUcaka haiM. ataH saba se vaijJAnika varNa krama vaha hogA jodhvaniyoM ke uccAraNa ke anusAra kiyA jAyagA / aMgarejI varNoM meM to koI krama hai hI nahIM, udu meM dhvaniyoM ke anusAra to nahIM, hA~ vaNoM ke rUpoM ke anusAra kucha krama 'avazya hai, parantu vaha bhI apUrva hai| rUpa kramAnusAra - ko Adi ke pAsa tathA -- 3-3 ko inake pazcAta, JI ko hara For Private And Personal Use Only Page #76 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hindI tathA anya lipiyA~ 65 Adi ke pAsa aura 4 , ko 5 ke pAsa tathA 0 ko inake pazcAta honA cAhie thA, parantu aisA nahIM hai| ataH inameM na to dhvani krama hI hai aura na rUpa krama hii| isake atirikta romana tathA uda meM svara tathA vyaMjana taka hile mila haiM, pRthaka-pRthaka nahIM hai| isake viruddha hindI meM svara tathA vyaMjana alaga-alaga haiN| svara usI krama se rakkhe gae haiM jisase ki bacce unako bolanA prArambha karate haiM / vyaJjanoM kA sapta vargIya vargIkaraNa bhI uccAraNa sthAna ke anusAra hai| eka sthAna se uccarita hone vAle vyaJjana eka varga meM rakkhe gae haiN| ataH hindI varNa krama prAkRtika tathA vaijJAnika hai| __ isa prakAra dhvani vicAra kI dRSTi se hindI varNamAlA sarvazreSTha hai| (A) rUpa vicAra (3) saralatAH-hindI lipi kI saralatA to sarvamAnya hai| isake viSaya meM adhika kahanA anAvazyaka sA hai| isako baccA, bUr3hA, hindU, musalamAna, IsAI, pArasI, dezI, videzI saba bar3I saralatA se sIkha lete haiN| kisI lipi kI saralatA athavA kliSTatA kA anubhava baccoM dvArA hotA hai / adhyApaka nitya prati isakA anubhava karate haiM ki bacce urdU tathA agarejI kI apekSA hindI ati zIghra sIkha lete haiN| urdU meM pRthakatayA to pUrNa varNa likhe jAte haiM, parantu milAvaTa meM ve zoze (saMkSipta saMketa) ho jAte haiN| zozoM ke milAne meM adhika kaThinAI hotI hai, vizeSataH 11 ke pUrva milAne meM, bacce prAyaH 4 ko 4 kI bhA~ti likhate haiM, ke pUrva milAne meM bhI prAyaH zoze kama adhika ho jAte haiM jaise5 ko 5 ~ ko , Adi likha dete haiN| phira urdU kI khate zikasta (ghasITa) arthAt adAlatI urdU likhanA-par3hanA to urdU ke acche jJAtAoM taka ke liye For Private And Personal Use Only Page #77 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi-vikAsa kaThina hai| yadyapi romana varNabhAlA dekhane meM sarala pratIta hotI hai, parantu vargoM ke milAne meM baccoM ko kucha kaThinAI avazya hotI hai, vizeSataH m tathA u ke kisI varNa meM milAne meM / romana meM choTI-bar3I aura likhane kI tathA kitAbI cAra prakAra ko varNamAlA hotI hai / yadyapi chApe kI (kitAbI) varNamAlA meM ag Adi do eka varNa, kaThina avazya haiM, parantu zeSa likhane ke varSoM se sarala pratIta hote haiM jaisA ki isase prakaTa hai ki prAyaH manuSya chApe ke f kp r sx y tathA A B D E H I K L P Q R S TZ kA likhane meM prayoga karate haiN| hindI meM R jhakSa Adi vargoM ke likhane tathA r3a Na kA bheda samajhAne meM : baccoM ko kucha kaThinAI avazya hotI hai, tathApi usameM urdU tathA romana kI bhA~ti zozoM ke ghaTAne bar3hAne kA Dara nahIM hai| isake atirikta addha ra tathA R ko mAtrA svarUpa kisI varNa ke nIce lagAne meM, kucha saMyuktAkSaroM ke likhane meM tathA ra para u tathA U kI mAtrA lagAne meM bhI kaThinAI hotI hai| ra tathA R ke prayoga meM prAyaH bacce hI nahIM, bar3e bhI yaha socane lagate haiM ki 'graha' 'prathA' Adi meM 'ra' likhe athavA 'R' arthAt 'ra' ko nIce lagAe~ athavA vRkSa, sRSTi Adi kI bhA~ti nIce lttkaaeN| anya saMyuktAkSaroM kI bhA~ti d+ya tathA k+ta ke vaijJAnika rUpa daya tathA kta athavA kta hone cAhie aura kucha samaya pUrva yahI prayukta bhI hote the, parantu idhara kucha kAla se inake vikasita tathA saMkSipta rUpa dya tathA kta kA, jinake likhane meM nae sIkhataroM ko kucha kaThinAI avazya hotI hai, pracAra adhika ho gayA hai| u tathA U kI mAtrA jisa prakAra anya vargoM meM lagatI hai usa prakAra ra meM nahIM lgtii| anya vargoM meM mAtrA nIce lagatI hai jaise mukta, pUrva, Adi meM, parantu ra meM vaha saMzliSTa ho jAtI hai jaise ru rU meN| ru tathA rU ke vaijJAnika rUpa ra tathA ra hone For Private And Personal Use Only Page #78 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hindI tathA anya lipiyA~ cAhie / yahI kAraNa hai ki bacce prAyaH isa prakAra likhA karate haiN| isake atirikta kucha zabda aise bhI haiM jinake do-do rUpa haiM jaise huvA, huA, jAvegA jAyagA, liye lie, gaI gayI ityAdi / merI mamajhameM to jaisA bolA jAya vaisA likhA jAya / isameM gar3abar3a kA koI kAma hI nhiiN| hama prAyaH huA, jAyagA, lie, gaI Adi bolate haiM. ataH yahI rUpa apanAne cAhie / ukta doeka sAdhAraNa kaThinAiyoM ke hone para bhI hindI urdU tathA romana kI apekSA adhika sarala hai| (4)saundaryaH-azoka kAlIna vaNoM meM sira-bandI nahIM lagAI jAtI thI, parantu bAda meM saundarya varddhanArtha varNoM ke Upara uThI huI rekhAoM ke siroM para pagar3I kI bhA~ti kucha choTI rekhAe~ lagAI jAne lagI jo kAlAntara meM Ar3I rekhAoM meM parivartita ho gii| isase azoka kAlIna vargoM kI apekSA Adhunika varNa adhika sundara ho gaye / isa sirabandI ke kAraNa hI hindI lipi urdU tathA romana se kahIM adhika sundara pratIta hotI hai| isa sundaratA ke parimANa meM itanA antara hai ki prAyaH loga hindI ke sammukha urdU ko cIMTe kI TA~geM aura romana ko cIta makor3e kahA karate haiN| (5) tvarA lekhana-kisI lipi meM nizcaya tathA upayogitA ke pazcAta mukhya guNa tvarAlekhana hai| saba se zIghra vaha lipi likhI jAyagI jisameM kama se kama lekhanI uThAnI par3e jaise urdU tathA aMgarejI; parantu isake yaha mAnI nahIM haiM ki urdU athavA romana hindI se zIghra likhI jA sakatI hai yA hindI kI apekSA acchI hai| tvarA-lekhana ke sAtha hI sAtha nizcitatA tathA sthAna bhI kisI lipi ke Avazyaka aMga haiN| yadyapi urdU meM hindI kI apekSA kama sthAna ghiratA hai, parantu anizcitatA adhika hai| romana meM yadyapi lekhanI kama uThAnI par3atI hai aura lekhaka ka For Private And Personal Use Only Page #79 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 68 lipi-vikAsa zrama tathA samaya kucha baca jAtA hai, parantu sAtha hI sAtha itanI aspaztA A jAtI hai ki pAThaka ke samaya tathA zakti kI adhika hAni hotI hai| isake atirikta romana meM hindI kI apekSA sthAna bhI adhika ghiratA hai, kAraNa ki hindI vargoM meM akAra sammilita hai aura aMgrejI meM alaga se likhA jAtA hai yathA 'kalama' meM hindI meM ka + la + ma kevala tIna varNa likhane par3ate haiM, parantu rImana meM k+a+l+ a + m + chaH varNa likhane par3ate haiN| isake atirikta romana meM kabhI kabhI eka-eka hindI varama ke lie kaI kaI varNa likhane par3ate haiM udAharaNArtha hindI 'cha' ke lie + h+b, jJa ke lie j+n,STra ke liye 8 + h+t + r+a, ityAdi / eka udAharaNa se yaha viSaya spaSTa ho jAyagA: A pa se na hI MAIN A PSE NAHI bo la tA hU~ BOLA TAH U N ataH sthAna vistAra kI dRSTi se romana kI apekSA hindI meM kama sthAna ghiratA hai, tadanusAra chApe meM bhI kama TAipa lagate haiM aura par3hane meM kama samaya lagatA hai aura dRSTi ko kama zrama karanA par3atA hai| hindI meM sirabandI tvarAlekhana meM bAdhaka hai, kyoMki usake kAraNa kaI bAra lekhanI uThAnI par3atI hai,| parantu isakI pUrti mAtrAoM tathA kucha cinhoM dvArA ho jAtI yadyapi Upara nIce lagane vAlI mAtrAoM tathA cihnoM meM lekhano uThAne ke kAraNa kucha dera avazya lagatI hai, tadapi vargoM ko apekSA kama samaya lagatA hai| yadi ina mAtrAoM tathA cinhoM meM kucha sudhAra kara lie jAya, to aura bhI kama samaya lge| yathA ina Upara nIce kI mAtrAoM tathA cihnoM ke For Private And Personal Use Only Page #80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hindI tathA anya lipiyA~ hai / yadi ziro bhAga kI rekhAe~ nikala jAe~ to hindI kI lekhana gati udU tathA romana se kahIM adhika ho jAya, parantu aisA karane meM usakI nizcayatA ko dhakkA lagegA aura anekoM vargoM meM gar3abar3I ho jAyagI udAharaNArtha dha gha, bha ma, ra va kha, meM koI bheda na rahegA / nizcaya tvarA lekhana kI apekSA adhika mahatvapUrNa guNa hai, usakA hAsa ThIka nahIM / ataH hamako sirabandI haTAne ke pUrva gha dha ma bha Adi vargoM ke rUpoM meM parivartana karanA pdd'egaa| (kha) hindI tathA baGgalA, gurumukhI, gujarAtI, marAThI Adi lipiyA~:--hindI tathA marAThI varNamAlA to eka sI haiM hii| kevala acha ma Na bha la za ke rUpoM meM thor3A sA bheda hai aura Da Dha dhvani saMketoM kA marAThI meM abhAva hai| (dekho varNoM kA kAraNa lipi meM varNo kI tIna zreNiyA~ ( stories ) ho jAtI hai arthAt eka paMkti meM tIna paktiyA~ Upara kI mAtrA vAlI, madhya kI varNa vAlI tathA nIce kI mAtrA tathA saMyuktAkSara vAlI ho jAtI haiM, jisase likhane ke ati. rikta par3hane meM bhI adhika dera lagatI hai / yadi ye mAtrAe~ tathA cinha varNo ke sAmane lagAe jAya jaise ga, ru. pUjA, kaTaSi, ityAdi, to ukta doSa dUra ho sakatA hai| gujarAtI tathA marAThI meM to isa prakAra ke kucha cihna haiM bhI jaise repha (') kA cihna (") isa prakAra hai yathA karma, durdazA Adi kramazaH kamma, dugdazA kI bhA~ti likhe jAte haiN| hindI meM bhI kucha vidvAn anusvAra ( ) candra bindu () hala cihna (.) ko sazodhita rUpa meM varNana ke sAmane lagAne ke pakSa meM haiM yathA paMca, kA~TA, caDDhA, udgama zrAdi kramazaH 50ca kA0 TA caDa DhA, uda-gama Adi kI bhA~ti likhe jAne cAhiye, tadanusAra mero samajha se to saMyuktAkSara bhI Upara nIce likhane ke sthAna meM ukta halanta athA saMyojaka cinha (-) lagAkara barAbara barAbara hI likhane gahie jaise buDDA, viTThala Adi ke sthAna meM kramaza buDa DhA, viTa-Thala Adi; parantu itanA hI paryApta nahIM hai| For Private And Personal Use Only Page #81 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipi vikAsa tulanAtmaka citr)| ataH aba raha jAtI haiM tIna lipiyAM baMgalA, gurumukhI tathA gujraatii| baGgalo:--a u svara aura ka ghaTa Da Dha na pha va ya la va Sa vyaJjana to hindI tathA baGgalA donoM meM eka haiM, parantu kha ga Ga ja baTatathadadhapa raza R hindI ke baGgalAsesaralatara haiM,hA~cha avazya baMgalAkA hindIse sarala hai| ataH hindI baMgalA se kahIM sarala hai| baGgalA meM vargoM ke rUpa kliSTa hone ke kAraNa, saundarya tathA tvarA lekhanabhI apekSAkRta kama hai / hindI meM baMgalA kI samasta dhvaniyoM ke dyotaka cinha haiM, parantu baMgalAmeM hindI Na va Adi dhvaniyAM ke lipi cinha haiM hI nahIM / ataH baMgalA kI upayogitA hindI kI apekSA kama hai / ba tathA ra meM rUpa-sAdRzya hone ke kAraNa baMgalA meM anizcitatA kA doSa bhI AjAtA hai| baMgalA meM kevala 24 voM para sirabaMdI hai, ataH sundaratA bhI apekSAkRta kama hai| isa prakAra hindI baMgalA se sarva prakAra uttama hai| gurumukhI:-a u svara aura ka ga ca cha ja Ta Tha Da Dha ma ra to hindI tathA gurumukhI donoM meM samAna haiM, parantu gha ba ba ya la Sa hindI ke aura kha dha Na bha gurumukhI ke sarala haiN| ataH hindI gurumukhI se saralatA meM hI nahIM apitu tvarA lekhana meM bhI zreSThatara hai / yadyapi saundarya tathA nizcaya guNa donoM meM samAna haiM, tadapi a dha Thapa Adi gurumukhI vargoM para sirabaMdI nahIM hai aura tha tathA ba aura za tathA sa meM bahuta kama bheda hai| kSa tra jJa R dhvaniyoM ke lipi cinha haiM hI nahIM, ataH avyApti doSa bhI pAyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra hindI gurumukhI se bhI zreSTha TharahatI hai| gujarAtI:--hindI tathA gujarAtI varNamAlA meM bahuta kucha sAdRzya hai, kevala sirabaMdI kA bheda hai| yadi hindI vaNoM kI sirabaMdI ur3A dI jAya, to u R svara aura ka ga gha cha na Ta Da For Private And Personal Use Only Page #82 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra {# H;z sk;r bhaauttM ny-mo marAThI wo; Bu Yong Jian FFUFF 6* 6uw 9b#sshuv**nnddnndd***N+bhhkklu&ikl6fo*b9* b my oo wu sshv96Ekktiv(r)bhERP it;. 1: bzhirnm zsk ' lu lo 808-oting-; T 9b% 69 $6% p- www.kobatirth.org vargoM kA tulanAtmaka citraNa wan>>ym DA<>deg vi tshd . di d m- seog bs- s-s0 5 h h bh ykh 19 ivorwhdeg3bblos69Pb#5bEuchttsxhpel. . B 3 eE[[33 riirii ; deg ;6, 27 ;2- 20, ;727) - te7169regh7 010tshonni7 dh7#8##ttttho#*wM Page #83 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hindI tathA anya lipiyA~ 71 na ma ya ra va za Sa sa kSa jJa vyaMjanoM meM hindI tathA gujarAtI meM koI bheda na raha jAya / bheda kevala i e svara tathA khacaja Tha ba la vyajanoM meM hai; kha pha gujarAtI ke sarala haiM parantu a i e caTha hindI ke sarala haiM / ataH hindI gujarAtI se sarala hai / gujarAtI sa tathA la eka se hone ke kAraNa bhrAmaka haiM / zirobhAga kI rekhAoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa gujarAtI hindI se sundara bhale hI na ho, parantu tIvragAmI avazya hai / kSetra saMkucita hone ke kAraNa gujarAtI hI nahIM apitu baMgalA, gurumukhI Adi sabhI lipiyoM kI upayogitA hindI se kama hai / ataH hindI gujarAtI se kucha uttama hI hai / isa prakAra yadyapi hindI meM kucha saMzodhana kI AvazyakatA hai, tathApi vaha baMgalA gurumukhI, gujarAtI Adi se zreSThatara hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki hindI kA kSetra ina saba se vistRta haiM aura nitya bar3hatA jA rahA hai / niSkarSaH - sArAMza yaha hai ki yadi tvarA - lekhanArtha hindI varNoM kI sirabaMdI haTA dI jAya aura kha dha bha ke rUpa parivartita kara lie jAya~, nizcayArtha rUko ru kI bhA~ti karake ruko rU mAna liyA jAya tathA ba ( ba kA peTa baMda ho jAne para jaisA ki prAyaH peTa cIrane meM ho jAtA hai) ko ba mAnA jAya aura upayogitA vRddhi ke lie R SaGa nae athavA pa (arddhaga) jaise anAvazyaka cinha lupta karake a aeN oN e eN eN jha va ha. Adi navIna cinhoM kA Avazyaka, prayoga kiyA jAya, to hindI lipi sarva guNa sampanna ho sakatI hai| Ga vya sa ke sthAna meM to anusvAra kA prayoga hone lagA hai, parantu itanA hI paryApta nahIM hai / yadi hindI ko rASTra lipi banAnA hai, to abhI usameM bahuta kucha saMzodhana karane kI AvazyakatA hai / For Private And Personal Use Only Page #84 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra www.kobatirth.org Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir For Private And Personal Use Only Page #85 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Personal use only