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________________ saMpAdakIya jainaoNlaoNjI paricaya kI dUsarI kitAba prakAzita karane meM hameM bahuta hI khuzI mahasUsa ho rahI hai / 2009-2010 kI vArSika parIkSA meM lagabhaga 150 vidyArthiyoM ne jainaoNlaoNjI paricaya (1) ke pAThyakrama para AdhArita parIkSA uttarNa kI / parIkSA uttIrNa karanevAloM meM lagabhaga 50% vidyArthI kumAravayIna the / bAkI vidyArthiyoM meM naI bahue~ tathA yuvatayA~ jyAdA mAtrA meM thii| jainaoNlaoNjI paricaya pAThyakrama kA suyaza isa bAta meM nihita hai ki hamane usameM kAlAnurUpa badala kiye haiM / nibaMdhavajA praznoM kI saMkhyA kama kI hai / vastuniSTha praznoM kI saMkhyA baDhAyI hai / prAkRta bhASA kI ora thAna AkRSTa kiyA hai / vyAkaraNapATha ke dvArA bhASA meM ruci baDhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / zikSaka aura vidyArthiyoM ke lie bahamUlya sUcanAe~ dI hai| isa prakalpa ke lie zrImAn abhayajI phirodiyA ne jo hArdika sahayoga diyA hai, usake lie hama unake zataza: AbhArI hai| AzA rakhate haiM ki yaha pariyojanA bhI anya pariyojanAoM kI taraha kAmayAbI kI maMjila hAsila kareM !!! DaoN.sau.nalinI jozI mAnada-nidezaka, sanmati-tIrtha jUna 2010
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________________ zikSaka aura vidyArthiyoM ke lie sUcanAe~ * 'jainaoNlaoNjI paricaya (2)' kA pAThyakrama jUna 2010 se jArI ho rahA hai / * 'jainaoNlaoNjI paricaya (2)' isa pAThyakrama meM mukhyata: 'jiNavayaNAI' yaha sanmati-tIrtha prakAzana kI kitAba abhyAsa ke lie rakhI hai / kitAba kI prastAvanA zikSaka aura vidyArthI dhyAnapUrvaka paDheM / 'jiNavayaNAI' kitAba ke 'dhamma' se 'ahiMsA' taka ke sAta pATha parIkSA ke lie rakhe haiM / kitAba meM prAkRta gAthA evaM artha saMkSepa meM diye haiM / smI gAthAoM kA bhAvArtha aura spaSTIkaraNAtmaka TippaNa isa kitAba meM diye haiM / gAthA acchI taraha samajhane ke lie ye TippaNa upayukta hoMge / hara eka pATha ke aMta meM praznasaMca diyA hai / zikSikA sabhI praznoM kI klAsa meM carcA kareM / vidyArthiyoM se apekSA hai ki ve praznasaMcoM meM diye hue sabhI praznoM ke javAba noTabuka meM likhe / 'jiNavayaNAI' kitAba aMtarbhUta kiye hue praznamAlikA (praznasaMca) para vidyArthI kRpayA dhyAna na deM / * kitAba ke aMta meM mahattvapUrNa zabdoM kI sUci dI haiM / usameM zabdoM ke aMgrejI artha bhI likhe haiM / parIkSA meMaMgrejI artha nahIM pUche jAe~geM / isa zabdasUci ke AdhAra se vastuniSTha prazna pUche jAe~geM / jaise ki - navatattvoM kenAma likhie, SaDdravyoM ke nAma likhie, AkAza, kAla, jIva aura saMsArI jIvoM ke do-do bheda likhie, pA~ca ekeMdriyoM ke nAma likhie ityAdi / * pAThyakrama kI bhASA sAmAnyata: 'hiMdI' hI hogI / praznapatrikA bhI 'hiMdI' meM hogI / * bhaktAmara ke 1 se 20 taka ke zloka prArthanA ke taurapara zikSaka hara klAsa meM yAda karavAe~ / bhaktAmara kI lekhIyA maukhika parIkSA nahIM hogii| * vyAkaraNapATha ke aMtargata diye hae 'deva' aura 'mAlA' nAmoM ke vibhaktipratyaya tathA vartamAnakAla, bhUtakAla aura bhaviSyakAla ke pratyaya zikSikA hara klAsa meM vidyArthiyoM se niyamita rUpa se paDhavAe~ / * lekhI parIkSA 40 guNoM kI hogI / kevala vastuniSTha prazna pUche jAe~ge / praznoM kA svarUpa nimna prakAra kA hogA - 1) pA~ca-chaha vAkyoM meM javAba likhie / (sirpha 1) 2) tIna-cAra vAkyoM meM javAba likhie / 3) eka-do vAkyoM meM javAba likhie / 4) sirpha nAma likhie| 5) ucita joDa lagAie / 6) sahI yA galata batAie / 7) ucita paryAya cunie / 8) rikta sthAnoM kI pUrti kIjie / * zikSaka 15 jUna se pAThyakrama kA AraMbha kareM aura pharavarI ke aMta taka vidyArthiyoM ko paDhAe~ / * zikSaka aura vidyArthI donoM ko pAThyakrama kI zubhakAmanAe~ ! **********
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________________ viSayAnukramaNikA kra. viSaya pRSTha kra. prArthanA (bhaktAmara - 1 se 20 zloka) 1) dhamma (dharma) 2) viNaya (vinaya) 3) sammatta (samyaktva) 4) nANa (jJAna) 5) cAritta (cAritra) 6) appA (AtmA) 7) ahiMsA 8) zrAvaka kA AcAra 9) vyAkaraNapATha a) nAmavibhakti - deva, mAlA ba) kriyApada ke pratyaya - vartamAna, bhUta, bhaviSya 10) zabdasUci **********
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________________ jainaoNlaoNjI-paricaya (2) (1) dhamma (dharma) prastAvanA : isa sAla hameM 'jiNavayaNAI kitAba ke AdhAra se dharma, vinaya, samyaktva Adi viSayoM kA svarUpa vizeSa rUpa se jAnanA hai / 'jiNavayaNAI' zIrSaka kA artha hai. jina devoM ke vacana / / isa kitAba meM Agama yA zruta nAma se prasiddha graMthoM meM se gAthA rUpa vacana cayanita kiye haiM / 'jiNavayaNAI saMgraha meM jaina AcArya dvArA racita graMthoM meM se bhI gAthAe~ cunI huI hai / yadyapi ve gAthAe~ AcAryaracita haiM tathApi unakA pratipAdana hai ki jinadevoM se paraMparA prApta vacana hI ve naye zabdoM meM grathita kara rahe haiM / agara isa prakAra ke pramANabhUta vacanoM ke AdhAra se jainadharma ke tattva jAne jAya to usakA prAmANya abAdhita rahatA hai / eka viSaya ko lekara aneka pahalUoM se dekhane kA maukA bhI milatA hai| __ jainaulaoNjI-paricaya (1) pAThyakrama ke prathama varSa meM hama sabane 'jainatva kI jhA~kI' kitAba par3hI thI / usameM tIsare pATha kA zIrSaka thA, 'dharma' / vahA~ kahA thA ki, 'jo duHkha se, durgati se, pApAcAra se, patana se bacakara AtmA ko U~cA uThAnevAlA hai, dhAraNa karanevAlA hai, vaha dharma hai / ' usake anaMtara jainadharma ke kucha paryAyavAcI nAma dekara usakI bhI carcA kI thii| ___'dharma' zabda kA prayoga bhAratIya paraMparA kI vizeSatA hai / agara hama dharma zabda kA aMgrejI rUpAMtarareligion kareMge to vaha hamArI saMkucitatA hogI / kyoMki religion ke alAvA, behaviour (zIla), conduct (AcAra), merit (puNya), virtue (naitika guNa), piety (pavitratA), non-violence (ahiMsA), truth (satya), law, duty (kartavya), observance (rIti), donation (dAna), kindness (dayA), quality (guNadharma), Adi vividha arthoM meM saMskRta tathA prAkRta sAhitya meM dharma zabda ke prayoga pAye jAte haiN| jainadharma ke prAcIna AcAryoM ne alaga-alaga kAla meM, alaga-alaga bhASAoM meM 'dharma' zabda kA varNana aura spaSTIkaraNa kisa prakAra kiyA hai, yaha hama gAthAoM ke AdhAra se dekheMge / bhAvArtha spaSTIkaraNa : (1) dhammo maMgalamukkiTuM--- ___ 'dazavaikAlika' nAma ke AgamasUtra kI yaha pahalI gAthA hai / bha. mahAvIra kI ziSya paraMparA meM sudharmA, jaMbU aura prabhava ke bAda 'zayyaMbhava' AcArya hue / apane kizoravayIna putra 'maNaga' ko jainadharma ke AcAra-vicAra samajhAne ke lie unhoMne dasa adhyayanoM kI racanA kI / use 'dazavaikAlika sUtra' kahate haiM / usakI pahalI gAthA meM bahuta hIsaralasubodha zabdoM meM 'dharma' ke bAre meM kucha tathya kahe haiN| jagat meM sabase 'maMgala' aura 'utkRSTa' cIja hai 'dharma' / 'maMgala' zabda do zabdoM se banA huA hai / 'ma' yAne azubha, pApa, burI cIjeM / 'gala' yAne galanA, dUra ho jAnA / dharma kA praveza hote hI sAre azubha bhAva yAne burakhayAla dUra ho jAte haiM / isI vajaha se dharma ko utkRSTatA prApta hotI hai / Age jAkara dharma ke tIna viziSTa lakSaNoM kA (distinctive features) nirdeza kiyA hai / ve haiM ahiMsA (non-violence), saMyama (restraint) aura tapa (penance) / ye tInoM kevala jaina dharma ke hI nahIM, kisI bhI dharma ke prANabhUta tattva (vital tenets) haiN| gAthA kI dUsarI paMkti meM 'devagati' ke jIva aura 'manuSyagati' ke jIvoM ke bAre meM khAsa bAta kahI hai / kebala manuSyaprANI hI 'dharma' dhAraNa karatA hai / viveka, saMyama, tapa Adi ke sahAre puruSArtha karake Atmika unnati karasakatA hai / mokSa kA adhikArI mAnava hI ho sakatA hai, svargagati kA deva nahIM / isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa deva bhI dharma kI niraMtara ArAdhanA karanevAle manuSya ko vaMdana ke pAtra samajhate haiM / jaina zAstroM meM varNana hai ki jinadevoM ke,tIrthaMkaroM ke,
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________________ kevaliyoM ke upadeza sunane ke lie yA vaMdana-bhakti karane ke lie devoM ke samUha bhI Ate the / bhaktAmara stra ke AraMbha kI paMkti meM yahI bAta kahI hai / devoMdvArA vaMdita hone ke lie mAnava ko cAhie kI 'dharma' kI bhAvanA usameM sadAkAla (24X7) upasthita honI cAhie / 'dharma' koI kabhI-kabhAra prasaMgavaza karane kI cIja nahIM hai / ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa jaise tattvoM se, jo jAgRti meM hI kyA sapane meM bhI nahIM bichuDatA, aise mAnavI jIvoM ko deva bhI pUjArha mAnate haiM / ___jainoM ne mAnA hai ki caubIsa tIrthaMkara manuSyakoTi meM janma pAkara mokSagAmI hue haiM / ve koI viSNu ke mAnavI 'avatAra' nahIM hai / cetanatva (consciousness) kI sarvocca zuddha avasthA prApta karavAne kI kSamatA (quality) 'dharma' meM hai / isI kAraNa vaha maMgala aura utkRSTa hai / ********** (2) dhammo vatthu-sahAvo --- 'kArtikeyAnuprekSA' digaMbara saMpradAya kA eka prAcIna (ancient) graMtha hai / yaha zaurasenI' nAma kI prAkRta bhASA meM likhA hai / adhruva (transitoriness), azaraNa (helplessness), ekatva (loneliness) Adi bhAvanA jaina zAstra meM 'anuprekSA' (reflections) nAma se pahacAnI jAtI hai / usameM eka hai - 'dharma' bhAvanA / prastuta gAthA meM 'dharma' kI cAra vyAkhyAe~ yA spaSTIkaraNa pAye jAte haiM / 1) hareka vastu (real object) kA jo svabhAva, svAbhAvika guNadharma hai, use 'dharma' kahA hai / jaise 'zItalatA' pAnI kA athavA 'uSNatA' agni kA 'dharma' hai / yaha vyAkhyA vaijJAnika (scientific) zAkhAoM kI taraha vastuniSTha (objective) hai| 2) gAthA kI prathama paMkti ke uttarArdha meM kSamA (forbearance, forgiveness), mArdava (modesty, humility), Arjava (straight forwardness) Adi dasa ucca naitika mUlyoM (ethical values) ko athavA sadguNoM (virtues) ko 'dharma' kahA hai / isa spaSTIkaraNa se hameM sadguNoM se yukta hone kI preraNA milatI hai / 3) gAthA kI dUsarI paMkti meM 'ratnatraya' yAne samyak darzana-jJAna-cAritra ko 'dharma' kahA hai / (Enlightened world-view, knowledge and conduct) ye tInoM tattva ratna jaise mUlyavAna (valuable) aura svayaMprakAzI (selfilluminating) kahe gaye haiM / ye tInoM jaina zAstra ke mUlAdhAra (foundation) hai / 4) gAthA ke aMta meM anya jIvoM kI rakSA karane kI dRSTi aura vyavahAra' ko dharma kahA hai / sabhI prakAra kI hrasA to hama TAla nahIM sakate lekina anAvazyaka (unnecessary) hiMsA TAlane kA Adeza yahA~ diyA hai aura use 'dharma' kahA hai / khAnapAna, vastra, vAhana Adi kI maryAdA karake hama 'jIvarakSA' kara sakate haiM / vANI ke athavA krodhaAdi ke saMyama (control) se bhI hiMsA TAlI jA sakatI hai| cAra bhinna bhinna pahalUoM se yahA~ 'dharma' kI vyAkhyA karane kA sarAhanIya prayAsa kiyA hai / ********** (3) sohI ujjuyabhUyassa --- yahA~ 'ghaya' kA matalaba hai 'ghI' aura 'pAvara' kA matalaba hai 'pAvaka' yAne pAvana, pavitra karanevAlA 'agni' / 'dUdha' mAnavI Arogya ThIka rakhane meM bahuta hI upayukta cIja mAnI gayI hai / 'dUdha' naisargika avasthA meM rakheM to jalda hI kharAba ho jAtA hai / agni para tapAe to kucha ghaMTe 'zuddha' rakhA jA sakatA hai / usapara malAI jamA hotI hai| upayukta sadvicAra rUpI dahI malAI meM acchI taraha ghule-mile to vicAra-maMthanarUpa bilaunI se navanIta-makkhana banatA hai / makkhana meM bhI azuddhi to hotI hI hai / agni para tapAkara dhIre dhIre ghI banatA hai / ghI ko aura tapAe to ati-zuddha ghI svayaM agnisvarUpa ho jAtA hai /
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________________ yaha eka dRSTAMta (example) / azuddha saMsArI mAnavI jIva viveka se, vicAra-maMthana se aura tapa se pUrNa zuddha hotA hai / jIva kI pUrNa zuddhi yAne nirvANa yA mokSa hai / jisa prakAra agni meM siMcita ( sprinkled) ghI agnisvarUpa hotA hai usI prakAra Atmika zuddhi se jIva mokSa prApta karatA hai / saMsArI jIva ke zuddhikaraNa (purification) kI prakriyA meM dharma sahAyaka hotA hai / jo vyakti mUlata: saralasvabhAvI (straight forward) hai use Atmika unnati (spiritual progress) meM dharma madadagAra hotA hai / prastuta gAthA 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' nAma ke ardhamAgadhI graMtha se uddhRta kI hai / udAharaNoM ke dvArA dharma ke tattva samajhAnA uttarAdhyayanakI khAsiyata hai / zvetAMbara paraMparA ke anusAra 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' bha. mahAvIra kI aMtima vANI hai I ********** (4) hiMsAraMbho Na suho 'kArttikeyAnuprekSA' graMtha kI isa gAthA meM 'hiMsA' meM anusyUt (intended) (incorporated) 'pApa' aura 'dayA' meM 'anusyUta 'dharma' kA jikra kiyA hai / jaina zAstra meM 'hiMsA' kA paryAyavAcI nAma 'AraMbha' hai / kucha loga isa prakAra vicAra karate haiM ki deva athavA e ke nimitta kI jAnevAlI hiMsA 'hiMsAkoTi' meM nahIM AtI / jaise ki bhagavadgItA meM kahA hai, "yajJa ke lie kiye hue karma baMdhanakAraka nahIM hote / " jaina dRSTi se yaha vicAra ucita (proper ) nahIM hai / deva-guru-dharma kisI ke bhI nAmapara kI gayI hiMsA 'pApa' hI hai / isa meM apavAda (exception) nahIM hai / jabaradastI se karAyA huA dharmAMtara (conversion), dharma ke nAmapara cheDe gaye yuddha, jihAda Adi ko jaina dharma meM kucha bhI sthAna nahIM hai / saba hiMsA ke hI anyAnya rUpa (varied forms) haiM / aba socanA cAhie ki Ajakala jaina dhArmika AcAra meM bhI pUjA-pratiSThA, dikhAvA, boliyA~, upavAsa kA ADaMbara, bhojana-samAraMbha, janma-dIkSA jayaMtI mahotsava, kaI prakAra kI kitAbeM chapavAnA, vividha pratiyogitAe~, lakI kUpansa, nRtya-gAyana ke samAroha Adi nayI nayI bAteM Ane lagI hai / isa meM se kisako 'dharma kI prabhAvamaM mAnI jAya aura kisako 'nirarthaka AraMbha' mAnA jAya, yaha sAdhuvarga aura zrAvakavarga ke socavicAra kI bAta hai / AcAryazrI ne gAthA meM kahA hai ki dharma kI AdhArazilA 'dayA' hai / paMceMdriyoM kI hiMsA to hama nahIM karate lekina sUkSmatA se dekhe to, 'vividha ADaMbaroM meM nihita AraMbha-samAraMbha bhI kyA TAlane yogya haiM ?' isake Upara bhI samA meM vicAramaMthana honA cAhie / ********** (5) dhammaM Na mudi dharmAcaraNa ke bAre meM eka se baDhakara eka kaThina bAteM kaunasI hai, isakA jikra isa gAthA meM kiyA hai / 1) 'dharma' kA saccA svarUpa pakaDa meM AnA pahilI kaThinAI hai / 2) kauTuMbika saMskAra, guru kA upadeza, zAstroM kA vAcana, usake Upara gaharAI se vicAra, Adi ke dvArA dharma kA tattva baDI muzkila se jAnA jA sakatA hai / 3) ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa, dayA, dAna, aparigraha Adi tattva aura unakI vyAkhyAe~ Adi kA raTana (pit-pat) karake usake Upara hama vyAkhyAna bhI de sakate haiM / lekina pratyakSa vyavahAra kI bAta Ae~ to aneka bhautika vastuoM se milanevAlA sukha pAne kI (material pleasures) lAlasA (lust) se ucca tattvoM kA visarjana kara dete haiM / moharUpI pizAca (gobling) mAno hameM gumarAha kara detA hai / dharma kA jJAna aura dharma ke AcaraNa ke bIca lobha-moha ke bhUta-pizAca khaDe haiM / inhIM ko jaina dharma ne 'kaSama'
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________________ kahA hai / krodha (anger), mAna (pride), mAyA (deceit) aura lobha (greed) apane khuda ke mana meM hI utpanna vikAra (passions) hai / inako jaina zAstra meM 'aMtaraMga zatru' (internal enemies) kahA hai / inako agara roka na lagAyA to 'dhArmika' hone kI saMbhAvanA hI nahIM hai / ********** (6) kAiM bahuttaI jaMpiyaiM T digaMbara AcArya devasenakRta yaha gAthA unake 'sAvayadhammadohA' graMtha se lI hai / saMta tulasIdAsa yA saMta kabIra ke 'dohe' bahuta hI prasiddha haiM / lekina unake bahuta pahale, dasavIM sadI meM jainAcAryoM ne 'apabhraMza' nAma kI prAkRtabhASA meM 'dohA' likhane kI paraMparA zurU kI / isa graMtha meM samakAlIna (contemporary) bolIbhASA meM zrAvakoM ko 'dharma' samajhAyA hai / hara taraha se dharma kI paribhASA karake Akhira meM kavizrI kahate haiM - 'bahuta kahane se kyA phAyadA ? dharma kA eka choTA sA vyAvahArika lakSaNa maiM kahatA hU~ / khuda ko jo pratikUla, apriya, avAMchita (undesirable) hai, vaha dUsaroM ke prati mata kIjie / basa ! itane se tattva kA agara pAlana kare to dharma kA mUla tumhAre pakaDa meM AyegA / ' isa gAthA meM yadyapi pratikUlatA TAlane kA upadeza hai, tathApi yaha bhI gRhIta hai ki jo apane ko anukUla, priya yA vAMchita hai, vahIM dUsaroM ke prati kIjie / isI vRtti ko jainazAstra meM evaM bhagavadgItA meM bhI 'Atmaupamya-buddhi' athavA 'samatva-buddhi' kahA hai / sAmAnya manuSya kA yaha svabhAva hotA hai ki apane prati aura dUsaroM ke prati usake mana meM dohare mApadaMDa (double standards) hote haiM / TI. vhI. para phiphTI-phiphTI biskiTsa kI eka vijJApana (advertise) AtI hai / sAsUjI kahatI hai, 'bahU ! isa ghara meM tumhAre mAyakevAloM kA mahattva nahIM honA cAhie / ' usIsamaya mana meM kahatI hai, 'maiM to chaha-chaha mahinoM mAyakevAloM ko ghara meM rakhatI hU~ / ' phira kahatI hai, 'mere beTako muThThI meM rakhane kI koziza mata karo / ' mana meM kahatI hai, 'maiM to mere pati ko paiMtIsa sAloM se uMgaliyoM para nacA rahI hU~ / ' dohare mApadaMDa kA udAharaNa isase acchA dUsarA kyA ho sakatA hai ! apane aura dUsaroM ke prati samAna nyAyabuddhi kA upayoga karane ko AcAryazrI ne dharma kI koTi meM rakhA hai / jainazAstra ne yahI saMdeza 'jio aura jine do ( live and let live) ina zabdoM meM aMkita kiyA hai / ' (7) dhamme ikku vi bahu bharai yaha gAthA bhI A. devasenakRta 'sAvayadhammadohA' se hI cunI hai / yahA~ dharma aura adharma kA lakSaNa unake kArya yA pariNAmoM ke dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai / vaTavRkSa (banyan tree) kA udAharaNa dharma ke lie aura tADa (palm tree) kA udAharaNa adharma ke lie prayukta kiyA hai / vaTavRkSa vizAla evaM harIbharI TahaniyoM se ghirA huA rahatA hai / svayaM zItala hotA hai aura pathikoM ko zItala chAyA pradAna karatA hai / isI prakAra dharma svayaM ucca mUlyoM se yukta hotA hai aura usakA Azraya lenevAle kamI una guNoM se zAMtirUpa lAbha hotA hai / tADa kA vRkSa khuradarA, alpazAkhAvAlA evaM chAyArahita hotA hai / svayaM dhUpa, garmI sahatA hai / usakA Azraya lenevAle ko kabhI bhI chAyA nahIM mila sakatI / ina udAharaNoM ke prati hama taTastha lakSaNoM kI sahAyatA se dekha sakate haiM / vaTavRkSa yA dharma, khuda kisI ko Azraya ke lie nahIM bulAtA / tADavRkSa bhI kisI ke Ane para roka nahIM lagAtA / hameM kisakA Azraya lenA hai, yaha pathika ka manovRtti para nirbhara hai / jisako AMtarika samAdhAna, mAnasika zAMti cAhie vaha apane Apa dharma kA Azraya karegA / cittoM ke vikArAdhIna hokara adharma kA Azraya karegA to ciDhaciDhApana, asamAdhAna evaM azAMti kA hI bhAgIdAra banegA I dRSTAMtoM (examples, illustrations) ke dvArA dharma-adharma kA svarUpa samajhAnA yaha dharmopadezakoM kI eka khAsiyata rahatI hai / dRSTAMtoM ke AdhAra se hama mAnasacitra banAkara dIrghakAla smaraNa meM bhI rakha sakate haiM /
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________________ (8) channaM dhamma --- ___ 'jayavallabha' nAma ke zvetAMbara AcAryazrI ne jaina mAhArASTrI bhASA meM prAkRta subhASitoM kA eka bahuta hI acchA subhASita saMgraha banAyA hai / usa saMgraha kA nAma hai - 'vajjAlagga' / ina subhASitoM meM bhASAsauMdarya aura vicArasauMdarya donoM nihita hote haiM / inase hama bodha bhI prApta kara sakate haiM / manuSya ko 'bhAgyazAlI' kaba kahA jAya isake cAra nikaSa isa gAthA meM diye haiM / bhAgyazAlI AdamI dAna, dayA, upavAsa, tapa, japa Adi svarUpa meM dharma to karatA hai lekina vaha nijI jIvana meM 'channa' yAne aprakaTa rUpa meM karatA hai / apane dharmAcaraNa kA dikhAvA yA ADaMbara nahIM karatA / usakA puruSArtha yA parAkrama udyogazIlatA ke rUpa meM hamezA pragaTa rahatA hai / usakI kAmabhAvanA sva strI ke alAvA anya anya striyoM kI abhilASA se mukta rahatI hai / kisI bhI taraha se apane cAritrya para vaha dAga nahIM lagane detA / sAmAjikatA kA khayAla mana meM rakhakara vaha kalaMka se dUra hI rahatA hai| isa gAthA meM sAmAnya manuSya ke naitika vartana kA cAra muddoM se jikra kiyA hai / lekina dharma ke bAre meM Avazyaka cIja batAyI hai ki kisI bhI prakAra khuda kI dhArmikatA kA pradarzana mata kareM / (9) dhammo dhaNANa mUlaM --- yaha gAthA bhI 'vajjAlagga' meM eka subhASita ke rUpa meM pAyI jAtI hai / cAra bAtoM ko mUla kahA hai / patnI, vinaya aura darpa ke bAre meM jo kahA hai vaha satya hai aura vyavahArya bhI hai / lekina 'dhammo dhaNANa mUlaM' isa pakSvali kA artha thoDe alaga tarIke se lagAnA hogA / hameM isa janma meM prApta jo bhI dhana, daulata, sukha-samRddhi kA yAne zubhakriyAoM kA hai phala hai / dUsare najariye se hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki dhArmikatA kA yAne sAdhanazucitA kA (pious or faultless resourses) AdhAra lekara jo saMpatti kamAyI jAtI hai vahI hameM sukha-zAMti dene meM samartha hotI hai / dhammo dhaNANa mUlaM' kA artha isI prakAra lagAnA hI ThIka hogA anyathA dharma saMpatti kA mUla hai isa artha ko kera kAma nahIM calegA / kyoMki vyavahAra meM adhikasArI dhana saMpatti, adharma ke sahAre hI kamAyI jA sakatI hai / mAre parvakata sArAMza : ina gAthAoM meM sAmAnyataH dharma kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai / jaina, hiMdu, khrizcana, zIkha Adi zabda to dharma ke vizeSaNa hai aura ve viziSTa AcArapaddhati ke dyotaka hai / ina gAthAoM ke abhyAsa se mAlUma hotA hai ki jainadharma kI vyAkhyA karane ke ye prayAsa nahIM hai kyoMki 'dharma' yaha saMkalpanA bahuAyAmI (dynamic) hai / isalie jainadharma ke AcAryoM ne bhI aneka pahalUoM se dharma kA ciMtana karake apane-apane vicAra prastuta kiye haiM / **********
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________________ svAdhyAya -1 1) 'jiNavayaNayAI' zabda kA artha likhie / (eka vAkya) (prastAvanA) 2) jainatva kI jhA~kI' kitAba ke AdhAra se 'dharma' kA artha spaSTa kIjie / (eka vAkya) (prastAvanA) 3) bhAratIya paraMparA meM 'dharma' zabda ke aMtargata kaunakaunase arthoM kA samAveza hotA hai / (eka vAkya) (prastAvanA) 4) dazavaikAlikasUtra ke racayitA kauna hai ? unhoMne isa sUtra kI racanA kisake lie aura kyoM kI ? (tIna vAkya) (gAthA 1 bhAvArtha) 5) kaunase tIna lakSaNoM ke kAraNa dharma utkRSTa aura maMgala hai ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 1 bhAvArtha) 6) kisa prakAra ke manuSya ko deva bhI vaMdana karate haiM ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 1 bhAvArtha) 7) kArtikeyAnuprekSA nAma kA graMtha kisa bhASA meM likhA hai ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 2 bhAvArtha) 8) 'dhammo vatthusahAvo' isa gAthA meM kaunase cAra prakAra se 'dharma'kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ? (cAra-pA~ca vAkya) __(gAthA 2 bhAvArtha) 9) ghI se siMcita agni' kA dRSTAMta spaSTa kIjie / (do-tIna vAkya) (gAthA 3 bhAvArtha) 10) kaunase nimittoM se hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie ? kyoM ? (do-tIna vAkya) (gAthA 4 artha) 11) jainazAstra meM hiMsA kA paryAyavAcI nAma kaunasA hai ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 4 bhAvArtha) 12) dharma kA jJAna aura dharma ke AcaraNa ke bIca kauna upasthita hote haiM ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 5 bhAvArtha) 13) 'sAvayadhammadohA' graMtha kisane aura kaunasI bhASA meM likhA hai ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 6 bhAvArtha) 14) kAiM bahuttaI jaMpiyaI' isa gAthA meM AcAryazrI kaunase prakAra ke dharmAcaraNa kI apekSA karate haiM ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 6 bhAvArtha) 15) vaTavRkSa aura tADavRkSa ke dvArA dharma aura adharma ke bAre meM kyA kahA hai ? (pA~ca-chaha vAkya) (gAthA 7 bhAvArtha) 16) vajjAlagga' subhASita-saMgraha kaunase AcArya ne kaunasI bhASA meM likhA hai ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 8 bhAvArtha) 17) bhAgyavAna puruSoM ko kaunasI cAra bAtoM kI prApti hotI hai ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 8 artha) 18) 'dhammo dhaNANaM mUlaM', isa padAvali kA artha spaSTa kIjie / (pA~ca-chaha vAkya) (gAthA 9 bhAvArtha)
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________________ (2) viNaya (vinaya) prastAvanA : bhAratIya paraMparA meM vinaya zabda do arthoM se prayukta kiyA jAtA hai / 'vi+nam' kriyApada se banA huA yaha nAma namratA yAne modesty kA dyotaka hai / vinaya kA dUsarA artha zikSA yAne knowledge yA education bhI hai / gurukula paraMparA meM namratA ke binA gurU se zikSA pAyI nahIM jA sakatI thI / isI vajaha se bahuta bAra ziSya ko 'vineya'bhI kahA hai / namratA aura zikSA eka hI sikke ke do pahalU batAkara bhAratIya saMskRti ne eka apUrva Adarza hI prastutakiyA hai bhAvArtha spaSTIkaraNa : (1) evaM dhammassa viNao mUlaM --- dazavaikAlika sUtra ke nauveM adhyayana kA nAma 'vinayasamAdhi' hai / zayyaMbhava AcArya ne apane alpAyuSi putra 'maNaga' ko jina-jina viSayoM ke sarala upadeza diye, unameM eka mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai 'vinaya' / vinaya kI mahattA isase saddha hotI hai / uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA pahalA adhyayana bhI 'vinayazruta' hI hai / bha. mahAvIra ne bhI navadIkSita sAdhu ko upadeza dene kA prAraMbha vinaya se hI kiyA hai / isa gAthA meM jo padAvali prayukta kI hai, usase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki yahA~ dharma ko vRkSa kI upamA dI hai / jisa prakAra jamIna meM sudUra taka pahu~ce hue mUla poSaka tattva lekara pUre vRkSa meM phailAte haiM, usI prakAra vinIta vRtti ke kAraNa aneka dharmAnukUla guNoM kA poSaNa hotA hai / kIrti aura zruta yAne jJAna ye donoM mAnoM dharmavRkSa ke tanA, zAkhAe~ evaM pallava hai / agara mUla aura tanA sudRDha ho to dharmarUpI vRkSa para rUpa, rasa, gaMdha se bharA huA acchA khAsA phala bhIlagatA hai / gAthA meM isa phala ko hI mokSa kahA hai / dharmarUpI vRkSa ke mokSaphala kA pahalA sudRDha AdhAra mUla yAne vinaya hI hai / (2) viNao mokkhaddAraM --- __ bhagavatI ArAdhanA A. zivakoTidvArA racita eka prAcIna digaMbara graMtha hai / vaha zaurasenI nAma kI prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai / usake AraMbha meM cAra prakAra kI ArAdhanAoM kA nirdeza hai / jainadharma meM vAraMvAra ullikhita jJAna,darzana, cAritra aura tapa ye cAroM ArAdhanAe~ haiM / isa gAthA meM yadyapi prAsAda (palace) kA rUpaka spaSTata: se nahIM diyA hai tathApi gAthA meM yahI rUpaka aMtarbhUta hai / dharmarUpI prAsAda ke ye cAra parakoTe haiM / hara eka kA alaga-alaga pravezadvAra hai aura vahA~ jAgRta rakSaka bhImaujUda sAda kA mahAdvAra kitanA bhI bar3A ho, vyakti ko aMdara paha~cAnevAlA daravAjA choTA hI hotA hai| dharmaprAsAda meM praveza karane ke icchuka vyakti ne choTe daravAje se jhukakara aMdara jAnA apekSita hai / isalie usa daravAje kAnAma bhI 'vinayadvAra' hai / Age jAkara isI vinaya ke sahAre saMyama, tapa aura jJAna meM dhIre-dhIre praveza hotA hai / rAjanIti meM cAhe sAma-dAma-daMDa-bheda cAroM upAya maujUda hai lekina yahA~ kevala sAmopacAra yAne vinaya kA hI eka paryAya upalabdha hai| zikSA donoM se milatI hai - AcAryoM se aura caturvidha saMgha se / isalie AcArya ke prati bhI vinIta vRtti apekSata hai aura saMgha ke prati bhI vinayAcAra apekSita hai / dhana, kIrti, ahaMkAra Adi bAhara choDakara hI dharmarUpI prAsAda meM, vinayarUpI dvAra se praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai / (3) kittI mettI --- yaha gAthA bhI 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' graMtha se hI cayanita kI hai / isakA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki vinaya yaha mUlagAmI guNa
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________________ hai / agara vaha aMta:karaNa meM maujUda hai to usIke AdhAra se kIrti, maitrI, ahaMkAra-lopa Adi kaI guNa hama prapta kara sakate haiM / hara eka guNa kI alaga-alaga ArAdhanA nahIM karanI paDatI / jisa prakAra eka acchA, sudRDha bIja bonepara, asaMkhyaguNA bIja (dhAnya)prApta hote haiM, usI prakAra vinIta vRtti ke AdhAra se apane Apa kaI sadguNa hamAre Azraya meM A jAte haiN| yahA~ 'guNA' zabda hama multiplication isa artha meM bhI le sakate haiM / vinaya kA artha agaraknowledge kiyA to grIka tattvajJa saoNkreTisa ne 'knowledge is virtue' yaha kahI huI kahAvata bhI arthapUrNa pratIta hotI hai / (4) vivattI aviNIyassa --- yaha gAthA pUrvokta dazavaikAlikasUtra ke 'vinayasamAdhi' adhyayana se hI lI gayI hai / kaunasI bhI bAta donoM tarapha se jAnanA (duhao nAyaM) Avazyaka hotA hai / vinItatA se honevAle lAbha agara pUrI taraha jAnane haiM, to avinItatA se yAne auddhatya rudeness se honevAlI hAniyA~ bhI acchI taraha dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie / bhAvArtha yaha hai ki vinaya mAnoM 'Euro' nAma kA sArvakAlIna, sArvadezika calana hai / kisI bhI prasaMga meM vaha upayukta hI hai / avinaya khoTA sikkA hai / vaha hameM nAnA prakAra ke saMkaTa aura duHkhoM meM hI DAlanevAlA hai / sirpha dharmAcaraNa ke prAMta meM hI nahIM to vyAvahArika jagat meM bhI vinaya aura avinaya se honevAle lAbha aura nukasAna dhyAna meM rakhane caahie| vinaya aura avinayasaMbaMdhI isa carcA kA sAmAnyIkaraNa (generalisation) karake, hameM isa gAthA se yaha bodha milatA hai ki jagat kI kisI vastu yA vyakti kA bhAva aura abhAva donoM jAnane se hI, usakI saccI arhatA (worth) pUrI taraha se jAnI jA sakatI hai / (5) maNuyahaM viNayavivajjiyahaM --- 'sAvayadhammadohA' kI isa gAthA meM bhI, 'vinaya ke abhAva meM kyA hotA hai ?' - isakA udAharaNa ke dvArA varNana kiyA hai / vinaya ke dvArA yadi vividha guNoM kI ArAdhanA apane Apa ho jAtI hai to yaha bhI svAbhAvika hI hai ki vinaya ke abhAva meM aneka guNa apane Apa naSTa ho jAte haiM / sarovara agara bharApUrA hai to vividha prakAra ke, AkAra ke, gaMdha ke kamaloM se samRddha hotA hai / kyoMki mala to pAnI ke AdhAra se hI zobhA dhAraNa karate haiM / sarovara kA pAnI agara sUkha jAya to kamaloM kA nAmonizAna bhI nahIM rahegA / 'vinaya ke AdhAra se vividha guNoM kA prakaTa honA aura vinaya ke abhAva se guNoM kA naSTa honA'- isa dRSTAMta meM abhipreta hai / isI ko pichalI gAthA meM saMpatti' aura 'vipatti' kahA hai / (6) viNaeNa vippaNassa --- bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM, 'vinaya ke abhAva meM, ucca zikSA kisa prakAra nirarthaka ho jAtI hai', isakA jikra kiyA hai / ucca zikSA se agara ahaMbhAva tathA ghamaMDa kI mAtrA baDhe to vaha korA pAMDitya raha jAtA hai / isa prakAra kI ahaMkArI vidvattA na use lAbhadAyI hotI hai na dUsaroM ko / isalie use nirarthaka kahA hai / _ 'vidyA vinayena zobhate' yaha vacana suprasiddha hai / isa gAthA meM vinaya ko zikSA kA phala kahA hai / isake pahale kI gAthAoM meM vinaya ko zikSA kA mUla bhI kahA hai / prazna yaha hai ki eka hI vinaya mUla aura phala kaise hosakatA hai ? yaha gutthI thoDA vicAra karane para sulajhAyI jA sakatI hai / namratAbhAva ke binA saccI zikSA prApta hI nahIM hotI isalie vaha mUla hai lekina sarvocca zikSA prApta karane ke bAda AdamI jAna jAtA hai ki jJAna kA kSitija agAdha hai / isa bhAvanA se vaha adhikAdhika vinamra ho jAtA haiM / yahI bAta eka saMskRta subhASitakAra ne 'bhavaMti namrA: taravaH phalAgamaiH' ina zabdoM meM kahI hai / matalaba hai ki bahuta se phala lagane para vRkSa adhikAdhika jhuka jAte haiM / isIartha
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________________ meM vinaya zikSA kA phala bhI hai / mUla aura phala ye donoM rUpoM meM vinaya kalyANakAraka hI hai / (7) aNAsavA thUlavayA --- uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke prathama 'vinayazruta' adhyayana kI isa gAthA meM parasparavirodhI svabhAva ke do ziSyoM kA varNana kiyA hai / ye donoM ziSya apane-apane svabhAvavizeSoM ke kAraNa guru meM hI badalAva lAte haiM / pahalA ziSya 'anazrava' yAne guru kA hitopadeza nahIM sunanevAlA, 'sthUlavaca' yAne anAba-zanAba bolanevAlA aura 'kuzIla' yAne cAritryahIma hai / durguNoM se bharA huA yaha ziSya, svabhAva se mRdu honevAle guru ko bhI prasaMgavaza caMDa banAtA hai, yAne kedhita karAtA hai / isa prakAra ke durguNI ziSya kA varNana eka jainakathA meM AtA hai / caMDakauzika ke pUrvabhava kI kathA,isake bAre meM hamezA udAharaNa ke taura para dI jAtI hai / dUsare prakAra kA ziSya 'cittAnuga' yAne guru kA mana jAnanevAlA aura dAkSiNya' (courtesy, chivalry) se yukta hai / apane ina guNoM ke kAraNa mArgabhraSTa guru ko bhI vaha ThikAne lAtA hai / isake bAre meM zailaka rAjaSiaura paMthaka ziSya kI kathA 'jJAtAdharmakathA' meM pAyI jAtI hai / 'vinItatA aura avinItatA dUsaroM meM badalAva lA sakatI hai' isakA pratyaya isa gAthA se evaM usase juDI huI kathAoM se AtA hai| (8) nApuTTho vAgare kiMci --- uttarAdhyayana kI isa gAthA meM Adarza vinayI ziSya kA varNana hai / guru ke prati ziSya ne kisa prakAra ke bhAva dhAraNa karane cAhie isakA jikra kiyA hai / na pUchane para bhI baDabaDa karate rahanA, adhyApana meM bAdhAkAraka hotA hai / guru ke krodha ke Da se, ziSya ne asatya bolanA, aMtimataH ziSya ke lie hAnikAraka ho sakatA hai / ziSya ko cAhie ki vaha guru ke pratAja ko bhI athavA stuti ko bhI zAMtatA se dhAraNa kare / kyoMki donoM use hI aMtimata: lAbhadAyaka hai| sAmAnyata: jainazAstra meM apriya satya na bolane kA nirdeza diyA jAtA hai / lekina isa gAthA se yaha sUcita hotA hai ki guru prasaMgavazAta apriya satya bolate haiM aura sacce ziSya ne vaha satya apriya honepara bhI guru ke prati dveSabhAva nahIM dhAraNa karanA caahie| (9) thaMbhA va kohA va mayappamAyA --- prAkRtika pariveza meM bAMsa kisa prakAra baDhate haiM aura kisa prakAra naSTa hote haiM, isa nirIkSaNa para AdhArita yaha gAthA hai / apane putra evaM ziSya 'maNaka' ko avinaya se honevAlI hAni samajhAne ke lie, zayyaMbhavAcArya ne bAMsakA udAharaNa diyA hai| __bAMsa ko hara sAla 'phUla' nahIM lagate / dasa-bAraha sAla meM kabhIkabhAra bAMsa puSpita, phalita ho jAtA hai / usake bAre meM prAkRtika yojanA isa prakAra rahatI hai ki jaba bhI bAMsa puSpita, phalita hotA hai, usI samaya usa bAMsa kA astitva vinaSTa ho jAtA hai / yAne usake phUla aura phala usIke vinAza ke lie hetubhUta ho jAte haiN| gurukulavAsa (zikSA kA kAla) sAmAnyata: bAraha varSa kA hI rahatA hai / zikSAkAla meM ziSya ne agara ahaMkAra, mada, krodha Adi durguNoM kA paripoSa kiyA, to vahI mAnoM usakI zikSA kA phUla aura phala bana jAtA hai |itnii sArI zikSA ke bAvajUda agara vidyArthI mAnI, krodhI Adi ho jAya, to ye durguNa Age jAkara usake apayaza aura vinaza kA hI kAraNa baneMge / yahI bodha isa gAthA se hameM prApta hotA hai / guru to sabhI ziSyoM ko samAna rUpa se vidyA pradAna karatA hai / avinayI ziSya ne agara vaha zikSA ahaMkAra,
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________________ krodha Adi meM pariNata ho jAya to vaha ziSya ke hAni kA hI kAraNa hogA / svAdhyAya - 2 1) 'vinaya' zabda ke do artha likhie / (eka vAkya) (prastAvanA) 2) dharmarUpI vRkSa kA mUla, phala aura tanA kise kahA haiM ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 1 artha) 3) bhagavatI-ArAdhanA graMtha kaunase AcArya ne kaunasI bhASA meM likhA hai ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 2 bhAvArtha) 4) dharma kA pravezadvAra 'vinaya' kyoM haiM ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 2 bhAvArtha) 5) vinaya meM kaunase guNa nihita (included) haiM ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 3 artha) 6) vinaya ke sAtha avinaya bhI kyoM jAnanA cAhie ? (do-tIna vAkya) (gAthA 4 bhAvArtha) 7) vinaya ko 'sarovara' aura guNoM ko 'kamala' kyoM kahA haiM ? (do-tIna vAkya) (gAthA 5 bhAvArtha) 8) vinaya mUla' bhI hai aura 'phala' bhI hai' - spaSTa kIjie / (pA~ca-chaha vAkya) (gAthA 6 bhAvArtha) 9) avinayI ziSya meM kaunase durguNa hote haiM ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 7 bhAvArtha) 10) vinayI aura avinayI ziSya kaunase badalAva lA sakate haiM ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 7 bhAvArtha) 11) uttarAdhyayanasUtra kaunasI bhASA meM hai ? usake prathama adhyayana kA nAma kyA hai ? (do vAkya) (gAthA 7 bhAvArtha) 12) guru se zikSA prApta karane ke lie kisa prakAra vacanavinaya karanA cAhie ? (tIna vAkya) (gAthA 8 artha) 13) avinayI ziSya ke lie 'bAMsa' kI upamA kyoM prayukta kI hai ? (tIna-cAra vAkya) (gAthA 9 bhAvArtha) **********
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________________ (3) sammatta (samyaktva) prastAvanA : 'samyaktva' (sammatta) jainadharma kI AdhArazilA hai / isakA dUsarA nAma 'samyakadarzana' arthAt 'saccI zraddhA' - isa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai / samyakdarzana athavA saccI zraddhA kA aMgrejI anuvAda sAmAnyata:right faith athavA right believe isa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai / 'samyaktva' yaha nAma 'sam+aJca' kriyApada (verb) se ghaTita huA hai / isameM pakSapAtarahita (impartial) aura madhyastha dRSTi abhipreta hai / samyaktvI vyakti kisI bhI eka tarapha jhukakara nirNaya nahIM letA athavA mata pradarzana nahIM karatA / jaina paraMparA meM kahe hue dravya, tattva, lokasvarUpa Adi para binA pUchatAcha, binA parIkSA yA binA jijJAsA khAlI aMdhavizvAsa rakhanA 'samyaktva' yA 'samyak zraddhA' nahIM hai / dravya, tattva, AcAra Adi kA prAthamika jJAna, 'zAbdika jJAna' (verbalknowledge) hai / yaha jJAna prApta karanA to Avazyaka hI hai / bAda meM buddhi, tarka, jijJAsA Adi se isa zabdajJAna kI cikitsA karanA Avazyaka hai / isI vajaha se kahA jAtA hai ki 'paNNA samikkhae dhamma' / (prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA kareM / ) isa parIkSA se jaba sabhI zaMkAe~ dUra hotI hai taba sacce artha meM samyaktva kA udaya hotA hai / samyaktva ke udaya se jJAna ko bhI apane Apa samyaktva prApta ho jAtA hai / jisa prakAra vinaya dharma kA mUla bhI haiaura phala bhI hai usI prakAra samyaktva mokSa kA mUla bhI hai aura phala bhI hai / tIna alaga-alaga pariprekSya meM samyaktva ke tIna artha hama batA sakate haiM - 1) vyAvahArika dRSTi se aura bolacAla kI bhASA meM samyaktva' yAne sacce deva, sacce guru aura sacce dharma para zraddhA 2) AdhyAtmikatA kI dRSTi se 'samyaktva' yAne AtmA kA astitva mAnanA tathA AtmA ko anaMta zaktiyoM se yukta mAnanA / 3) 'samyaktva' kA artha abhyAsakoM ne Enlightened worldview - isa padAvali se bhI spaSTa kiyA hai / bhAvArtha spaSTIkaraNa : (1) chaddavva Nava payatthA --- SaDdravya : 'dravya' kA bhASAMtara (substance, entity) athavA (reality) isa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai / pUre loka ke sabhI dravya isa chaha prakAroM meM bATeM jA sakate haiM / isakI dUsarI taraha yaha bhI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai ki, 'loka SaDDyAtmaka hai' / loka yAne jagata kA yaha vizleSaNa vaijJAnika dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai / kyoMki ye Sar3adravyAealities hai / yaha mAnasika (psychological) yA naitika (ethical) vizleSaNa nahIM hai| dharma (medium of motion) gatisahAyaka dravya hai / adharma (medium ofrest) sthitisahAyaka dravya hai / AkAza (space) sabhI dravyoM ko avakAza, jagaha denevAlA dravya hai / kAla (time), jIva aura ajIvoM meM pAye jAnevAle avasthAMtaroM kA AdhArabhUta dravya hai / pudgala (matter, atom, molecule) varNa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza yukta mUrta ajIva dravya hai / jIva (living being, soul, self) caitanyayukta amUrta dravya hai / inameM se pudgala ke vyatirikta anya pA~ca dravya arUpI evaM amUrta (non-material, incorporeal) haiM / pudgala rUpI evaM mUrta (material, corporeal) hai astikAya : ina SaDdravyoM meM se jo vyApaka (extensive and extended) dravya haiM unheM astikAya kahate haiM / jainoM ne mAnA hai ki kAla choDakara sabhI pA~ca dravya vyApaka hai / kAla ko ekareSIya yAne (linear) mAnA gayA hai / kAla ke sUkSma bhAga eka-dUsare meM mizrita nahIM hote / isalie kAladravya astikAya nahIM hai / nau padArtha : jaina zAstra ke anusAra nau tattva (tenets) isa prakAra haiM / jIva (AtmA) (living being, soul,
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________________ self), ajIva (non-soul), puNya (merit), pApa (sin), Asrava (inflow ofkarman in soul), saMvara (stoppage of karman), nirjarA (shedding of karman), baMdha (bondage), mokSa (liberation, salvation) ye nau padArtha (tattva) haiN| nau tattvoM ke Upara agara vicAraNA kare to dhyAna meM AtA hai ki jIva aura ajIvarealities hai aura urvarita sAta tattvoM ko ethical yA spiritual kahA jA sakatA hai / puNya aura pApa kA samAveza Asrava yA baMdha tattva meM hama kara sakate haiM / isalie tattvoM kI gaNanA sAta bhI kI jA sakatI hai| Upara varNana kiye hue SaDdravya, nau padArtha, pA~ca astikAya aura sAta tattva inakA yathArtha svarUpa jinadevoM ne kahA hai / usake Upara saccI zraddhA rakhanevAle ko 'samyakadRSTI' kahate haiM / (2) kAyavvamiNakAyavvayatti --- 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' kI isa gAthA meM jJAna aura samyaktva kI ekarUpatA batAyI hai / hamAre jIvana meM kaI bAra kyA karanA hai aura kyA karanA nahIM hai isake bAre meM saMdeha utpanna hotA hai / jJAna ke dvArA samasyA kA Akalana Thaka taraha se hotA hai / pakSapAtarahita dRSTi ke dvArA kyA grahaNa karanA hai aura kyA choDanA hai isake bAre meM pratyakSa kRti hotI hai / yadyapi yahA~ parihAra yAne tyAga kA nirdeza hai tathApi usImeM upAdeya yAne grAhya bhI abhipreta hai / jJAna aura samyaktvase kti prApta hotI hai use hama viveka bhI kaha sakate haiM / isa gAthA meM jise jJAna aura samyaktva kahA hai, vahaviveka hai| (3) lakkhijjai sammattaM --- isa gAthA meM pA~ca guNoM ko samyaktva ke lakSaNa yA cihna kahe haiM / jisa vyakti meM ye cihna dikhAyI dete haiM vaha sayaktvI hai / samyaktva kI pahacAna ina pA~ca lakSaNoM ke dvArA hotI hai / 'upazama' kA matalaba hai bhAvanAoM kA tIvra udreka na honA / 'saMvega' yAne virakti kI dizA se mana kA pravAha bahanA / sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati udAsInatA 'nirveda' hai / dUsare ke prati dayAbhAva anukaMpA hai / khuda ke yAne AtmA ke astitva para vizvAsa rakhanA 'Astikya' hai| (4) nissaMkiya nikkaMkhiya --- ni:zaMkA, ni:kAMkSA Adi ATha guNoM ko samyaktva ke aMga kyoM kahA hai ? ucita mAtrA meM grahaNa kiyA huA poSaka AhAra jisa prakAra hAtha, paira Adi avayavoM ko nirogI evaM sudRDha rakhatA hai usI prakAra ThIka taraha se grahaNa kiya huA samyaktva ATha aMgoM ko puSTa karatA hai / ve ATha aMga isa prakAra haiM / 1) niHzaMkA : jinapratipAdita dravyoM tathA tattvoM ke bAre meM zaMkArahita honA, niHzaMkA hai / dravya kI saMkhyA chaha hI hai yA kama-jyAdA ? sarvajJa, sarvadarzI jina the yA nahIM the ? pRthvIkAyika, apkAyika Adi sacamuca caitanyamaya hai yA nahIM ? isa prakAra kI zaMkAoM se pare honA ni:zaMkA hai / 2) ni:kAMkSA :sAdhanAmArgI banane para aihika aura pAralaukika viSayoM kI abhilASA nahIM karanA / kAMkSA yA abhilASA mana meM hone para sAdhaka apane mArga se dUra ho jAte hai / siddhAMta ko bhI chor3a dete hai / 3) nirvicikitsA : saMdeha taka pahu~cAnevAlI aticikitsA TAlanA, 'nirvicikitsA' hai / hara bAra mana ko AMdolita karanevAle vikalpa sAmane upasthita hone lage to kisI eka nirNaya yA natIje para hama nahIM pahu~ca sakate / 4) amUDhadRSTi : mUDhatA yAne mohayukta honA / jainadharma ke tattva aura AcAra samajhane meM aura pAlane meM kaThina hai / unameM saMyama aura tyAga kI pradhAnatA hai / tulanA se anyoM ke tattva aura AcArasulabha evaM AkarSaka hai |islie mohayukta hokara, jinatattvoM ko choDakara, AkarSaka dharmoM ke prati jhukAva honA, mUDhadRSTi' hai / isa prakAra kI dRSTi se
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________________ bacanA aura svadharma para Tike rahanA, 'amUDhadRSTi' hai / 5) upabRMhaNa : guNIjanoM kI prazaMsA se guNoM kA parivardhana karanA, 'upabRMhaNa' hai / hara eka vyakti meM guNa ke sAtha doSa bhI pAye jAte haiM / doSoM kI carcA karake, sabake sAmane unakI truTiyA~ na nikAlanA, 'upagUhana' kahA jAtA hai / prasaMgavaza upabRMhaNa ke lie upagUhana bhI Avazyaka hai / / 6) sthirIkaraNa : svIkRta zraddhA para aTala rahanA, 'sthirIkaraNa' hai / niyama bhale choTA hI kyoM na ho, mana:pUrvaka svIkArane ke bAda, kisI bhI paristhiti meM usakA dRDhatA se pAlana karanA, sthirIkaraNa kA hI eka udaharaNa hai / 'gaMgA gaye gaMgAdAsa, jamunA gaye jamunAdAsa', isa prakAra kI bhAvavRtti vyavahAra meM bhI hAnikAraka hotI hai, to adhyAtma meM kaise phaladAyI hogI ? 7) vAtsalya : mAtA kA apatya ke prati jo bhAva hotA hai, vahI bhAva hara prANimAtra ke prati rakhanA, 'vAtsalya' 8) prabhAvanA : dharma ke prati khuda kI AsthA honA tathA dUsaroM kI AsthA yA ruci baDhAnA, 'prabhAvanA' hai / (5) samattAdicArA --- aticAra kA matalaba hai transgression arthAt vihita maryAdA kA ullaMghana / samyaktva athavA samyagdarzana jaina tattvajJAna evaM AcAra kI AdhArazilA hai / isalie prastuta gAthA meM nihita pA~ca aticAra vratI zrAvaka aura sAdhu ke lie samAna haiM, kyoMki donoM ke lie samyaktva sAdhAraNa dharma hai / ina pA~ca meM se zaMkA, kAMkSA aura vicikitsA kA svarUpa, samyaktva ke ATha aMga batalAte samaya pahale hI spaSTa ho gayA hai / jaise ki ni:zaMkA samyaktva kA aMga haito zaMkA yA saMdeha karanA samyaktva kA aticAra hai / anya do aticAroM ke bAre meM isI taraha samajhanA caahie| 'paradiTTINa pasaMsA' - isakA matalaba hai jinakI dRSTi samyaka nahIM hai, jo mAdhyastha bhAva na rakhakara saMkucita evaM ekAMtika matapradarzana karate haiM, unakI prazaMsA na karanA / 'Ayatana' kA artha hai 'pAtra' athavA 'yogya' / jo kupAtra evaM ayogya vyakti kI dAna Adi ke dvArA sevA karatA hai, usakA yaha AcaraNa usake svayaM ke samyaktva meM bAdhA DAla sakatA hai / isI vajaha se 'kupAtrasevA' atviAra hai / ATha aMgoM meM samyaktva kA sakArAtmaka (positive) rUpa kahA hai / aticAroM meM samyaktva kA nakArAtmaka (negative) svarUpa batAyA hai / (6) nANaM pagAsayaM --- yaha gAthA zvetAMbara AcArya vIrabhadrakRta ArAdhanApatAkA nAmake prakIrNaka se cayanita kI hai / isa prakIrNaka meM sAmAnyataH samyak jJAna-darzana-cAritra aura tapa kA vivecana hai / saMlekhanA yA saMthArA kA vistRta varNana isakA pratipAdya hai| isa gAthA kA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki vyakti ke dvArA prApta kiyA haA sabhI prakAra kA jJAna mokSamArga kA prakAzaka hone meM samartha nahIM hotA / vyakti ke dvArA Acarita sabhI prakAra kA tapa 'zodhaka' yAne AtmA kI AdhyAtmikazuddhi karane meM samartha nahIM hotA / usI taraha sabhI prakAra kA saMyama merI AtmA ko doSa yA duSpravRtti se rokane meM samartha nahIM hotA / aihika yA laukika padaviyoM se mujhe AdhyAtmika mArgadarzana milane kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / yahA~ jJAna kA matalaba hai - Sar3adravyoM evaM navatattvoM kA jJAna / yaha jJAna bhI kevala zAbdika (verbal) na hokara samyaktva ke sahita hI honA apekSita hai| sehata acchI rakhane ke lie agaradiet yA fast kiyA to acchI sehata prApta hogI lekina isa tapa se AdhyAtmika zuddhi nahIM hoMgI / khAne ke lie kucha nahIM milA to yaha anazana dhArmika dRSTi se kataI 'tapa' kI koTi meM nahIM A
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________________ sakatA / samyaktva sahita tapa hI sacce artha meM Atmika zuddhi pradAna karatA hai / khuda kI dhArmikatA dikhAne ke lie, prazaMsA pAne ke lie yA anya kisI kAraNa balAt iMdriyasaMyama kiyA to vaha saMyama na hokara damana hI hotA hai / samyaktvasahita na hone ke kAraNa isa prakAra kA damana AtmA kA gopana karane meM samartha nahIM hotA sArAMza yaha hai ki jJAna, tapa aura saMyama kI sArthakatA 'samyaktva' ke binA nahIM hotI / (7) sammattasalilapavaho AcArya kuMdakuMda digaMbara paraMparA ke eka prabhAvazAlI prAcIna AcArya the / unakI vizAla graMthasaMpadA meM 'aSTahuDa' nAma ke graMtha kA sthAna ananyasAdhAraNa hai / 'pAhuDa' (prAbhRta) kA matalaba hai upahAra, saMbala athavA pAtheya / adhyAtmArga para agresara, sAdhaka ko sAtha meM diyA huA yaha bhAtA hai / ina ATha pAhuDoM meM pahalA pAhuDa 'darzanapAhuDa' hai / samyagdarzana kA svarUpa batAnA isa pAhuDa kA pratipAdya hai / prastuta gAthA meM samyaktva ko pAnI ke nitya pravAhita dhArA kI upamA dI hai / yaha dhArA dikhAyI nahIM detI kyoMki yaha hRdaya meM pravAhita hotI hai / pravAhita jaladhArA ke sAmane bAlU kA bA~dha nahIM Tika sakatA / usI prakAra sam ke pravAha ke sAmane karmarUpI bA~dha yA AvaraNa tatkAla vinaSTa ho jAtA hai / kiMbahunA hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki samyaktvI vyakti kA karmabaMdha mUlata: gADhA na hokara bAlU ke bA~dha ke samma halakA hI hotA hai / bAMdhate samaya hI baMdha halakA honA samyaktva kI khAsiyata hai / (8) jaha mUlAo khaMdho T I vRkSa isa gAthA meM vRkSa kA rUpaka nihita hai / mokSamArga ko vRkSa kahA hai / mokSamArga darzana - jJAna - cAritrAtmaka hai| samyaktva jaDa yA mUla ke samAna hai / jJAna ke skaMdha yA tane ke samAna hai / cAritra zAkhA, prazAkhA evaM patte, phUla samAna hai / mokSa kI tulanA hamezA vRkSa phala se kI jAtI hai / mUla yAne samyaktva jitanA dRDha hogA utanA hI vRkSa evaM usakA phala bhI acchA hogA / isa gAthA meM prayukta 'jiNadaMsaNa' zabda kA artha hai - jineMdrakathita zabdoM para saccI zraddhA / (9) sammattarayaNabhaTThA yaha gAthA bhI darzanapAhuDa se hI uddhRta kI hai / isameM samyaktva ko 'ratna' kahA hai / agara vyakti ne eka bAra pAkara bAda meM samyaktvarUpI ratna ga~vAyA, to usakI kyA avasthA hotI hai isakA varNana isa gAthA meM kiyA hai / gAthA kI dUsarI paMkti meM abhyAsa kA yAne exercise aura practice kA mahattva adhorekhita kiyA hai / gAyanakalA meM mAhira hone ke lie riyAja kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / vijJAna ke siddhAMta prasthApita karane ke lie vAraMvAra experiments karane paDate haiM / usI prakAra zraddhA dRDha rakhane ke lie bArabAra hara taraha se usapara ciMtana, manana Adi rUpa se bhAvana karanA Avazyaka hai / lakSa para Tike rahane ke lie kI huI isa bhAvanA ko 'ArAdhanA' kahA hai / ucita ArAdhanA ke abhAva meM vyakti ko sAMsarika viSayoM meM guma ho jAne kA bhaya kAyama rahatA hai / yahI vicAra 'bhamaMti tattheva' isa padavali se sUcita kiyA hai / samyaktva kI ArAdhanA se hI sAdhaka Age baDha sakatA hai / (10) daMsaNabhaTTa bhaTTo prastuta gAthA meM darzanabhraSTa aura cAritrabhraSTa kI tulanA kI hai / cAritrabhraSTatA yAne kisI vajaha se AcaraNa huI cUka yA bhUla / yogya pazcAttApa evaM prAyazcitta se AcaraNa kI bhUla hama sudhara sakate haiM / lekina darzanabhraSTatA ne zraddhA se vicalita honA / eka bAra AdamI zraddhA se DA~vADola huA to usake AcaraNa kI AdhArazilA hI vinaSTa hotI hai
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________________ / samyaktva se dUra jAne para punaH mArga para AnA bahuta hI asaMbhava hai / samyaktvabhraSTatA ke bAre meM prAyazcitta yA pazcAttApa se kAma nahIM calatA / isI vajaha se tulanAtmaka dRSTi se batAyA hai ki AcaraNabhraSTatA se darzanabhraSTatA bahuta hI adhika hAnikara hai / cAritrabhraSTatA kI puSTi karanA isa gAthA kA maMtavya nahIM hai / samyaktva kI sarvopari mahattva batAnA, isa gAthA kA tAtparya hai / yahI gAthA 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' evaM 'aSTapAhuDa' meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai / svAdhyAya-3 1) SaDdravyoM ke nAma evaM saMkSipta lakSaNa likhie / (gAthA 1 bhAvArtha ) 2) astikAya kA matalaba eka vAkya meM samajhAo / (gAthA 1 bhAvArtha ) 3) kAladravya astikAya kyoM nahIM hai ? (do-tIna vAkya ) ( gAthA 1 bhAvArtha ) 4) nau padArthoM ke nAma likhie / (gAthA 1 bhAvArtha) 5) 'nau padArtha' aura 'sAta tattva' donoM eka hI hai - spaSTa kIjie / (do vAkya ) ( gAthA 1 bhAvArtha ) 6) 'samyagdRSTI jIva' kise kahA haiM ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 1 artha ) 7) 'upazama', 'saMvega', 'nirveda', 'anukaMpA' aura 'Astikya' ina zabdoM ke saMkSipta artha batAie / (gAthA 3 bhAvArtha) 8) samyaktva ke ATha aMgoM ke nAma batAie / (gAthA 4 artha ) (TippaNa : samyaktva ke ATha aMgoM ke lakSaNa vidyArthI dhyAnapUrvaka paDheM / 'riktasthAna kI pUrti' athavA 'ucita joDa lagAo' isa taraha ke praznoM meM ye ATha aMga pUche jA sakate haiM / ) 9) paradRSTiprazaMsA kA kyA artha hai ? (eka-do vAkya ) (gAthA 5 bhAvArtha ) 10) 'anAyatanasevanA' kA artha batAie / (do vAkya ) (gAthA 5 bhAvArtha) 11) samyaktva ke pA~ca aticAroM ke nAma likhie / ( gAthA 5 artha ) 12) jJAna, saMyama aura tapa kI sArthakatA kaba hotI hai ? (gAthA 6 bhAvArtha aMtima vAkya ) 13) 'pAhuDa' zabda kA artha kyA hai ? (eka vAkya ) (gAthA 7 bhAvArtha) 14) 'aSTapAhuDa' graMtha kaunase AcArya ne likhA hai ? (gAthA 7 bhAvArtha ) 15) samyaktvI vyakti ke dvArA kiye jAnevAle karmabaMdha ko kaunasI upamA dI hai ? (eka vAkya ) (gAthA 7 artha) 16) samyaktva se bhraSTa manuSya kI kyA gati hotI hai ? (eka vAkya ) ( gAthA 9 artha) 17) 'daMsaNabhaTTho bhaTTho' isa gAthA meM cAritrabhraSTatA aura darzanabhraSTatA ke bAre meM kyA kahA hai / (pA~ca-chaha vAkya) ( gAthA 10 bhAvArtha ) *************
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________________ 4) nANa (jJAna) prastAvanA : jJAna kI mImAMsA evaM carcA ( Epistemology) yaha jaina zAstra kA pramukha viSaya hai / dharma evaM tattvajJAna manuSyakalpita hone ke kAraNa aura manuSyoM ke vyApAroM meM jJAna kA prAdhAnya hone ke kAraNa kaI tattvajJoM ne apanI apana vicArapraNAlI meM jJAna kI carcA avazya kI hai / jaina zAstra meM jJAna ke vividha prakAroM ke dvArA jJAnacarcA kA prAraMbha hotA hai / bhAvArtha spaSTIkaraNa : (1) paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA -- dazavaikAlika kI yaha padAvali vAraMvAra uddhRta kI jAtI hai / yahA~ prayukta 'dayA' zabda meM aneka muddoM kA samAveza hai / dhArmika AcaraNa, ahiMsA, paropakAra, dAna Adi kaI bAteM 'dayA' zabdadvArA nirdiSTa ho sakatI hai / jo bhI vyakti 'muni' yA 'sAdhu' zabda se vAcya hai unako cAhie ki ve prathama jJAna prApta kareM aura bAda meM usake anusAra AcaraNa kareM / gAthA kI dUsarI paMkti meM zrotA se eka prazna pUchA hai aura usakA uttara usI prazna meM nihita hai / jJAna se kyAzreyasa (hitakara) hai aura kyA azreya arthAt pApa hai, isakA bodha hotA hai / puNya aura pApa kA sahI matalaba jAnanepara hI vivekapUrvaka AcaraNa ho sakatA hai / yaha jJAna arthAt viveka na ho to ajJAnI vyakti zreyasa kI ora pravRtti jai pApa se nivRtti kaise karegA ? apane kumAravayIna putra ko samajhAne ke lie AcAryazrI ne itanI sulabha bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai / (2) tattha paMcavihaM nANaM jAnane kI kriyAdvArA jo prApta hotA hai vaha 'jJAna' hai / jJAna ke pA~ca prakAra batAkara usakA svarUpa spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai / uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI isa gAthA meM jJAna kA pahalA prakAra zrutajJAna (verbal knowledge) batAyA hai / sunakara yA paDhakara jo jJAna prApta kiyA jAtA hai use 'zrutajJAna' kahA jAtA hai / jaina zAstra meM AgamoM ke jJAna (scriptural knowledge) ko bhI 'zrutajJAna' kahA hai / sabhI prakAra kA informative knowledge isa category: meM AtA hai / abhinibodhika jJAna kA dUsarA nAma ' matijJAna' bhI hai / pA~ca iMdriyA~ tathA mana ke dvArA jo jJAna prApta hotA haiuse 'matijJAna' (sensory knowledge) kahate haiM / yahA~ 'mati' zabda buddhivAcaka nahIM hai, iMdriyavAcaka hai / pA~coM iMdriyoMdvArA jJAna prApta hone ke lie 'mana' kI AvazyakatA hai tathA mana ke dvArA prApta kiye hue sukha-duHkha AI ke jJAna ko bhI matijJAna hI kahate haiM / smaraNa (memory) aura ciMtana (reflection) Adi vyApAra matijJAna meM hI aMtarbhUta kiye haiM / maryAdita kSetra meM honevAle rUpI (material and corporeal) padArthoM ke jJAna ko 'avadhijJAna' (clairvoyance, visual intution) kahate haiM / jaina zAstra ke anusAra yaha jJAna sAkSAt AtmA (individual being, soul) ko hotA hai / isa jJAna ke lie iMdriyA~ aura mana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / avadhijJAna kA svAmI eka jagaha meM sthita honepara bhI dUravartI kSetra meM honevAle vastuoM kA jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai / dUsaroM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnanA - mana: paryAyajJAna (telepathy, mental intution) hai / jaina zAstra ke anusAra yaha jJAna bhI sAkSAt AtmA ke dvArA hI hotA hai / bhUta-bhaviSya - vartamAna tInoM kAla meM trailokya meM honevAle sabhI rUpI aura arUpI padArthoM kA jJAna 'kevalajJAna' (omniscience, perfect knowledge) hai / kevalajJAnI vyakti ko hI jaina zAstra meM 'sarvajJa', 'sarvadarzI' kahate haiM /
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________________ kevalajJAna kI prApti ke anaMtara vyakti avazya mokSagAmI hotA haiM / (3) evaM paMcavihaM nANaM --- ___ pA~coM prakAroM ke jJAnoM meM vastu ke dravya (substance) guNa (qualities) aura paryAyoM (modes, modifications, variations) kA jJAna hotA hai / kevalajJAna meM dravya ke sabhI guNa aura sabhI paryAyoM kA samagra jJAna prApta hotA hai / bAkI cAra jJAnoM meM yaha jJAna AMzika hotA hai / __ udAharaNArtha, 'suvarNa' eka padArtha yAne (substance) hai / camakIlApana, ghanatA Adi usake guNa haiM / vividha prakAra ke alaMkAra usa sone ke hI vividha paryAya haiM / jaina zAstra ke anusAra dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, pudgala aura jIva ye chaha 'dravya' haiM / ye sabhI dravya hamezA guNa aura paryAyasahita hote haiM / unase viyukta nahIM hote / Upara suvarNa kA jo udAharaNa diyA hai vaha vastuta: pudgala dravya kA eka paryAya hI hai / (4) jo poggaladavvANaM --- _ 'samayasAra' yaha graMtha AcArya kuMdakuMda kA eka prasiddha graMtha hai / 'samaya' zabda ke vividha artha ho sakate haiM lena yahA~ 'samaya' zabda AtmA athavA siddhAMta ina arthoM se liyA gayA hai / yaha graMtha pUrA kA pUrA saiddhAMtika evaM Adhyatmika (spiritual) hai| __isa gAthA meM AcArya kahate haiM ki hamAre AsapAsa jo bhI mUrta padArtha dikhAyI dete haiM ve sabhI 'pudgala' dravya ke paryAya hI haiM / hIrA, sonA, pannA, patthara, miTTI sabhI pudgalamaya haiM / unapara hama hamAre mohavaza mUlyavAna Adi guNadharma thopate haiM / unake prati lobha yA dveSa rakhate haiM / ina kaSAyoM ke kAraNa hameM jJAnAvaraNa Adi ATha karmoM ke bdha hote haiM / jJAnI vyakti ina sabakA pudgala rUpa jAnakara rAgI yA dveSI nahIM banatA / isa prakAra mUla svarUpa kA jJAna hameM rAgI-dveSI banane se, karmabaMdhana se dUra rakhatA hai / (5) jIvAjIvavihattI jo jANai --- isa gAthA meM samyakjJAnI kA svarUpa alaga taraha se spaSTa kiyA hai / jIva aura ajIva inameM jo bheda hai vaha ThIka taraha se jo jAnatA hai, use 'samyakjJAnI' kahA hai / SaDdravya meM se jIvadravya jJAnacetanAmaya hai / jIva meM hI jJAna darzana Adi anaMta zaktiyA~ hai / bAkI saba dravya acetana hai / unameM soca-vicAra Adi kI zakti bhI nahIM hai / jIvadravya ke hI baMdha aura mokSa saMbhava hai / ajIva ke saMparka meM Anepara bhI puruSArthayukta hokara vyakti mokSagAmI ho skatA hai / jIva kI anya dravyoM se vizeSataH jo ThIka taraha se jAnatA hai tathA isa jJAna ke AdhAra se rAgAdi doSoM se rahitahotA hai, vaha mokSamArgI hotA hai / (6) suddhaNayA puNa NANaM --- jisakI dRSTi mithyA hai, vaha kitanA bhI jJAna prApta kare, saba ajJAna meM hI pariNamita hotA hai / jJAna kI saccI ArAdhanA ke lie dRSTi samyak honA apekSita hai / isalie mithyAdRSTi sacce jJAna kA aura krama se mokSamArgakA bhI ArAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA / (7) tavarahiyaM jaMNANaM --- vyakti ke pAsa zAbdika jJAna kA bhaMDAra hai lekina bAhya aura aMtaraMga tapoM kA abhAva hai, to vaha jJAna kRtArtha nahIM hotA / dUsarA AdamI bahuta sAre bAhyatapa karatA hai lekina jJAna aura vivekapUrvaka nahIM karatA / matalaba yahahai ki tapa aura jJAna ekadUsare ke pUraka hai / ekadUsare ke binA adhUre bhI hai / inakI sthiti aMdha-paMgu-nyAya' ke samAna
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________________ hai / donoM ekadUsare se acchI taraha juDe, taba hI nirvANa taka pahu~ca sakate haiM / (8) uvasamai kiNhasappo isa gAthA meM hRdaya ko kRSNasarpa kI upamA dI hai / sarpoM kI saba jAtiyoM meM kRSNasarpa sabase jaharIlA aura prANagha hotA hai / sApa kitanA bhI jaharIlA ho, maMtrapUrvaka vidhi kA jAnakAra usa sarpa ko tathA sarpaviSa ko zAMta kara sakatA hai / hRdaya ko kRSNasarpa kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki hRdaya meM yAne aMta:karaNa meM kaSAya evaM vikAra bhare hI rahe haiM / una agara upAya na kare to vaha aihika aura pAralaukika donoM dRSTi se ghAtaka ho sakate haiM / zuddhajJAna kA ucita mAtrA meM kiyA huA prayoga, hRdayarUpI kRSNasarpa ko zAMta kara sakatA hai / vikAroM para kAbU rakhane kI yaha tAkada jJAna kI vizeSatA hai / yaha vizeSatA isa gAthA ke dvArA adhorekhita kI hai / (9) NANamayavimala isa gAthA meM jJAna ko zuddha aura zItala jala kI upamA dI hai / 'auSadhaM jAhnavI toyaM / ' (gaMgA kA zuddha pAnI auSadha hai / ) isa suvacana meM jisa prakAra gaMgAjala ko auSadhasamAna mAnA hai usI prakAra jJAnarUpI eka jala, jarA, maraNa, vedanA tathA dAha Adi vividha rogoM para ilAjasvarUpa hotA hai / vyAdhiyA~ cAhe kitane bhI prakAra kI ho, yahA~ jJAnarUpa auSadha eka hI hai / jJAnarUpa jala prAzana karane kI eka zarta hai, vaha AdamI bhavya yAne mumukSu honA cAhie aura usane zraddhapUrvaka jala pInA cAhie / usI prakAra jainazAstra ke anusAra jJAna bhI zraddhAsahita honA cAhie / Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki auSadha lekara AdamI nirogI to ho jAtA hai lekina vaidya nahIM banatA / jJAnajala ke prAzana se vyakti khuda siddha bhI bana sakatA hai / bhAvapAhuDa kI isa gAthA meM arthoM kI vividha chaTAe~ AcAryazrI ne taraha bharI huI hai / (10) mAyAvelli asesA isa gAthA meM moha ko mahAvRkSa kI evaM mAyA (DhoMga, kapaTa) ko latA kI upamA dI hai / isa upamA se moha aura mAyA kA alagaalaga svabhAva aura prabhAva vyakta kiyA hai / mAyArUpI latA mohavRkSapara hI ArUDha hotI hai / usa latA para vividha, AkarSaka puSpa bhI hote haiM / ye phUla ni:saMzaya, ghAtaka hai - yaha vastusthiti jJAnI jAnatA hai / jJAnastrI zastra se mAyAvellI kATa bhI DAla sakatA hai / aba bAta yaha hai ki vahI zastra mohavRkSapara calatA hai yA nahIM ? moha to varmoM kA rAjA hai / usake baMdha atIva dRDha hai / yahA~ jJAnarUpI zastra pariNAmakAraka nahIM hotA / dRDhazIla pAlana yAne cAritra kI ArAdhanA hI mohapara vijaya pA sakatI I isa gAthA meM jJAnarUpI, zastra kI maryAdA kathana karane kA mukhya uddeza nahIM hai| 'jJAnarUpI zastra, mAyApara kAbU kara sakatA hai', isa mudde para yahA~ vivaraNa hai / svAdhyAya- 4 1) 'paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA' isa sUtra kA matalaba tIna-cAra vAkyoM meM samajhAie / (gAthA 1 bhAvArtha) 2) jJAna ke pA~ca prakAroM ke nAma likhie / (gAthA 2 artha ) 3) dravya, guNa aura paryAya ye saMjJAe~ suvarNa ke udAharaNa se spaSTa kIjie / ( cAra-pA~ca vAkya ) ( gAthA 3 bhAvArtha) 4) saccA jJAnI karmabaMdha se kaise bacatA haiM ? (pA~ca-chaha vAkya ) (gAthA 4 bhAvArtha) 5) mithyAdRSTI jJAna kA ArAdhaka kyoM nahIM hotA ? (do vAkya ) (gAthA 6 bhAvArtha ) 6) 'tamhA NANa-taveNaM saMjutto lahai nivvANaM' - spaSTa kIjie / ( cAra-pA~ca vAkya) (gAthA 7 bhAvArtha) 7) hRdayarUpI kRSNasarpa kisa prakAra zAMta kiyA jA sakatA hai ? (tIna - cAra vAkya ) (gAthA 8 bhAvArtha)
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________________ 8) jarA-maraNa Adi vyAdhiyA~ kaunase aura kisa prakAra ke jala se dUra ho jAtI hai ? (do vAkya) (gAthA 9 bhAvArtha) 9) mAyAvelli kisapara ArUDha hotI hai ? kisa zastra se kA~TI jA sakatI hai ? (do vAkya) (gAthA 10 bhAvArtha) **********
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________________ (5) cAritta (cAritra) (sUcanA : dUsarI aura tIsarI gAthA meM diyehue pA~ca prakArake cAritra ke nAma dhyAna meM rakhane ke lie kaThina hai / isalie zikSaka ye do gAthAe~ na paDhAe~ / usI prakAra gAthA kra. ATha aura nau para bhI prazna nahIM pUchA jAyegA / ) prastAvanA : jainadharma meM triratna saMjJA prasiddha hai / ve haiM - samyakdarzana-jJAna-cAritra / jaina paribhASA meM 'cAritra' zabda 'cAritrya' nahIM likhA jAtA kyoMki cAritrya kA matalaba hai character jo pramukhata: zIlavAcaka hai / cAritra zabda kI arthavyApti isase jAdA hai / mana, vacana aura kAyA ke sabhI AcAra, vicAra, vartana 'cAritra' zabda meM aMtarbhUta hai| isalie samyakcAritra kA aMgrejI anuvAda right conduct kiyA jAtA hai / bhAvArtha spaSTIkaraNa : (1) paMca samiIo --- prastuta gAthA meM ATha bAtoM ko pravacana kI mAtAe~ kahA hai / mAtA jisa prakAra acche saMskAroM ke dvArA bAlka ko duniyA~ meM vyavahArayogya banAtI hai, usI prakAra pA~ca samitiyA~ aura tIna guptiyA~ sAdhu ko cAritrasaMpannabanAtI hai / (a) pA~ca samiti (Fivefold regulation of activities) : samyaka pravatti arthAta acchA AcaraNa 'samiti' hai / samitiyA~ pA~ca haiN| 1) IryA-samiti (carefullness in walking) : acchI taraha se dekhabhAlapUrvaka calanA 'IryA-samiti' hai / 2) bhASA-samiti (carefullness in speech) : satya, hitakArI, parimita aura saMdeharahita bolanA, 'bhASAsamiti' hai| 3) eSaNA-samiti (carefullness in food) : eSaNA-samiti kA mukhya artha bhojana kA viveka hai / tathApi zayyA, vastra, pAtra Adi ke bAre meM jAgarUka rahanA bhI 'eSaNA-samiti' hai / 4) AdAna-nikSepa-samiti (carefullness in lifting and laying down) : vasa tuoM ko lene kA aura rakhane kA viveka, 'AdAna-nikSepa-samiti' hai| 5) utsarga-samiti (carefullness in depositing waste products) : mala-mUtra, yU~ka Adi kA ucita sthAna para, sAvadhAnIpUrvaka visarjana karanA, 'utsarga-samiti' hai| samitiyoM kA pAlana karanA yAne paryAvaraNa kI rakSA karanA hai / isakA pAlana karane se ghara, parisara, rASTra svaccha aura suMdara rhegaa| (ba) tIna gupti (Threefold restraints of activites) : __khuda kI yatheccha pravRttiyoMpara vivekapUrvaka roka lagAnA 'gupti' hai / 1) kAya-gupti (controlofbodily activities) : zArIrika vyApAra kA niyamana karanA 'kAyagapti' hai| 2) vacana-gupti (control of speech activities) : bolane ke pratyeka prasaMga para yA to vacana kA niyamana karanA yA mauna dhAraNa karanA 'vacana-gupti' hai / 3) mana-gupti (control of mental activities) : bure vicAroM kA tyAga karanA aura acche vicAroM kA sevana karanA 'manogupti' hai| jainadharma meM choTI-choTI pravRttiyoMpara baDI gaharAI se dhyAna diyA hai / calane, khAne, bolane, socane meM bhaahiMsA
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________________ ke AcaraNa kI zikSA dI hai / isalie samiti tathA guptiyoM kA pAlana karanA, dharma kA pAlana hI hai / (4) NANassa daMsaNassa ya sAro --- jJAna aura darzana kA rUpAMtara agara cAritrapAlana meM nahIM huA to ye donoM ratna sArthaka (meaningful) nahIM hote / isI vajaha se yathAkhyAta' yAne saMpUrNa cAritrapAlana ko jJAna aura darzana kA sAra kahA hai / lekina AcaraNa kapAlana bhI apane Apa meM dhyeyarUpa nahIM hai / aMtima sAdhya to nirvANaprApti hI hai / AcaraNa se jaba nirvANaprApti kA prayatna hotA hai tabhI vaha sArthaka hotA hai| (5,6,7) prAcIna jaina graMthoM meM, jainazAstra ke AdhArabhUta skaMdha evaM staMbha cAra batAe~ gaye haiM / jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa ina cAroM ko caturvidha ArAdhanA kahA hai / jaina paraMparA meM jaba 'triratnoM' kI saMkalpanA dRDhamUla huI taba tapa' kI gaNanA 'cAritra' ke aMtargata kI jAne lagI / isa prakAra ArAdhanA ke tIna staMbha nirdiSTa hone lage / kucha acAryoM ne cAra ArAdhanAoM kA saMkSepa do meM kiyA hai / jJAna kA aMtarbhAva darzana meM kiyA tathA tapa kA aMtarbhAva caraNa (cAritra) meM kiyA / bhagavatI ArAdhanA graMtha ne cAritrasAdhanA ko sarvocca sthAna pradAna kiyA / jJAna, darzana aura tapa kA aMtarbhava isa graMtha meM cAritra meM hI kiyA gayA / isa prakAra ArAdhanA eka hai, do hai, tIna hai aura cAra bhI hai / 10) nANeNa jANaI bhAve --- uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI isa gAthA meM cAra prakAra kI ArAdhanA abhipreta hai / hara eka ArAdhanA kA kAryakSetra bhI nirdiSTa kiyA hai / jJAna ke dvArA hI vyakti SaDdravya evaM nau tattvoM ko acchI taraha jAnatA hai / SaDdravya evaM nau tattva realities hai isalie unheM 'bhAva' kahA hai / zraddhA (samyaktva) ke pahale kA jJAna kevala zAbdika jJAna (verbal knowledge) hotA hai / samyakdarzana se jJAna ko bhI samyaktva prApta hotA hai / cAritra meM mukhyata: gupti aura samitiyoM kA aMtarbhAva hotA hai / isalie cAritra kA kArya sabhI pravRttiyoM para roka lagAnA hai / AtmA kI uttarottara vizuddhi karanA, tapa kA pramukha prayojana hai / isa prakAra jJAna se jAnane kA, darzana se zraddhA rakhane kA, cAritra se saMyamana karenakA aura tapa se zuddhi kA kArya hotA hai / isa prakAra ye cAroM mokSaprApti meM sahAyaka hote haiM / 11) nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva --- hamane paDhA hI hai ki, 'jIvo uvaoga lakkhaNo' arthAt upayoga yAonsciousness yaha jIva kA ananyasAdhAraNa (unique) lakSaNa hai / jIva eka dravya hai / hara dravya ke guNa aura paryAya hote haiM / jJAna AtmA kA pramukha guNa hai / darza, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya AtmA ke kucha bhAva yA paryAya (modes, modifications) hai / jIva ke svarUpa para adhika prakAza paDane ke lie, usakA guNaparyAya sahita lakSaNa denA uttarAdhyayana ne Avazyaka samajhA hogA / isalie yahA~ jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vIrya aura upayoga ina chahoM kA nirdeza hai / ********** svAdhyAya-5 1) kaunasI ATha bAtoM ko cAritrArAdhanA kahA hai ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 1 bhAvArtha) 2) ATha pravacanamAtAe~ kaunasI hai aura kyoM ? (do vAkya) (gAthA 1 bhAvArtha) 3) yathAkhyAta cAritra kisakA sAra hai aura nirvANa kisakA sAra hai ? (do vAkya) (gAthA 4) 4) 'ArAdhanA eka, do, tIna tathA cAra hai' - spaSTa kIjie / (pA~ca-chaha vAkya) (gAthA 5,6,7 bhAvArtha) 5) jIva ke kaunase chaha lakSaNa uttarAdhyayana meM nirdiSTa hai ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 11 artha) * *********
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________________ (6) appA (AtmA) prastAvanA: bhAratavarSa meM tattvajJAna kI do paraMparAe~ dikhAI detI hai / tattvajJAna kI paraMparA yA viziSTa dhArA ko darzana kahate haiM / darzanazAstra ke anusAra bhArata meM do prakAra ke darzana haiM, AtmavAdI aura anAtmavAdI / jaina, bauddha evaM cArka darzanoM ko sAmAnyata: nAstika darzana kahane kI prathA hai / phira bhI usameM jaina darzana pUrNatayA AtmavAdI hai / bauddha evaMcArvAka darzana anAtmavAdI hai / AtmavAdI darzanoM kA yaha kartavya hotA hai ki AtmA kA svarUpa siddha evaM spaSTa kareM / jaina AgamoM meM 'rAjapraznIya' nAma ke upAMga meM isa prazna kI vistAra se carcA kI gayI hai ki AtmA aura zarIra bhinna hai yA ekahai / yaha vArtAlApa rAjA pradezI aura pArzvanAtha ziSya kezIkumAra zramaNa ke bIca meM huA / kezIkumAra zramaNa ne aMtimataH jIva kA yAne AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA / jainazAstra spaSTata: mokSalakSI hai / baMdha aura mokSa donoM AtmA ke hI hote haiM / isalie AtmasvarUpa kA ciMtana evaM varNana jainagraMthoM kA pradhAna viSaya rahA hai / bhAvArtha spaSTIkaraNa : (1) uttama guNANa dhAmaM --- prastuta gAthA meM jIva arthAt AtmA kA nizcayanaya ke anusAra varNana kiyA hai / yahA~ vizuddha, sarvotkRSTa avasthAprApta AtmA kA hI varNana hai / anyathA vyavahAranaya se jIva kevala uttama guNoM kA Azraya hI kaise ho sakatA hai ? vyAvahArika dRSTi se jIva meM sadguNa aura dargaNa donoM bhI pAye jAte haiN| nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se yahA~ jIva ko 'saba dravyoM meM uttama dravya' kahA hai / anyathA SaDdravyoM meM hama taratama bhAva nahIM kara sakate / isI bhAva se jIva ko 'saba tattvoM meM uttama tattva' kahA hai| jIva kI zreSThatA batAne kA eka aura bhI kAraNa hai / sabhI dravya aura sabhI tattvoM meM, jAnane kI zaktivAlA tattva, kevala jIva hI hai / agara kisI ke dvArA jAne hI nahIM gaye to, dravyoM aura tattvoM kI sArthakatA hI kyA rahI? isI artha se jIva ko 'uttama' kahA hai / / (2) arasamarUvamagaMdhaM --- prastuta gAthA meM jIva kA sakArAtmaka evaM nakArAtmaka donoM prakAra kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai / 'cetanAguNa se samRddha honA'- yaha jIva kA sakArAtmaka lakSaNa hai / bAkI saba lakSaNa abhAvAtmaka hai / rasa, rUpa, gaMdha, AkRti, liMga evaM saMsthAna Adi saba guNa pudgala meM pAye jAte haiM / AtmA pudgalamaya nahIM hai / isalie pudgala ke ina NoM se vaha rahita hai| (3) jIvA havaMti tivihA --- __ AtmA kI aMtarmukhatA tathA bahirmukhatA kI dRSTi se yahA~ jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai / isalie hama use AdhyAtmika vargIkaraNa kaha sakate haiM / kucha jIvoM kI pravRttiyA~ bahirmukha hotI hai / vastu aura vyaktiyoMkA bAhya rUpa dekhakara inakA mana jhaTa se AkRSTa hotA hai / Upara ke bhAva dekhakara ye pratikriyAe~ bhI dete haiM / ina vyaktiyoM ko hama bahirAtmA kaha sakate haiN| dUsare prakAra ke vyakti aMtarmukha hote haiM / Upara ke dikhAve kI ora AkRSTa nahIM hote / kisI bhI ghaTanA ke kArya-kAraNa bhAva para ciMtana karate haiM / AtmA meM honevAlI vividha zaktiyoM para inheM vizvAsa hotA hai / vyavahara meM
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________________ inner-voice ke anusAra calanevAle jo vyakti hameM dikhAyI dete haiM, unheM hama prAya: aMtarAtmA kaha sakate haiM / saba prakAra ke karmabaMdhanoM se mukta, zuddhaAtmA ko paramAtmA kahate haiM / arahaMta (arhat) jIvanmukta paramAtmA hote haiM / tathA siddha, siddhazilApara ArUDha hote haiM / (4) akkhANi bahirappA --- uparokta gAthA kA bhAvArtha isa gAthA meM alaga zabdoM meM prakaTa kiyA hai / iMdriyoM ko mahattva denevAloM ko bahirAtmA kahA hai / aMtarAtmA ko hama intuitive consciousness kaha sakate haiM / karmarUpI kalaMka se sarvathA mukta AtmA ko paramAtmA kahA hai / isa gAthA meM prayukta 'deva' zabda jinezvara bhagavAna kA vAcaka hai / (5) ArUhavi aMtarappA --- triprakAra kI AtmAoM ke vivecana se yaha dhAraNA ho sakatI hai ki yaha tIna alagaalaga prakAra ke loga hai aura alaga-alaga prakAra kI AtmA hai / prastuta gAthA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki eka hI vyakti kI kisI samaya bahirmukha pravRtti hotI hai, kisI samaya aMtarmukha pravRtti hotI hai aura zuddha AtmA nizcayanaya se hara eka meM maujUda hotA hI hai / AdhyAtmika zaddhi pAne ke lie dhyAna kI AvazyakatA hai / dhyAna kI tIna zreNiyA~ isa gAthA meM batAyI hai| aMtarAtmA meM magna hone kA abhyAsa karane para bahirmukha AtmA kI pravRttiyoM para hama roka lagA sakate haiM yA pUra tyAga bhI kara sakate haiM / aMtarmukhI pravRttiyoM ko ekAgra karake hama zuddha AtmasvarUpa para dhyAna de sakate haiN| dhyAna kI yaha paddhati jinavaroM ke dvArA kahI gayI hai| (6) appA kattA vikattA ya --- jainazAstra ke anusAra pratyeka AtmA svataMtra hai / usake dvArA kiye hue karmoM ke anusAra hI usakA saMsaraNa calA hai / apane kiye hue pratyeka karma kA vahI jimmedAra hai / yahA~ vikattA kA artha 'karma bhoganevAlA'- isa phrAra kA hai / karma usane kiye haiM to vaha bhogane meM koI dUsarA vyakti yA Izvara use sahAyaka nahIM hotA / kisI nAkisI janma meM usake sukRta aura duSkRtoM ke sukhaduHkharUpa pariNAma use anivAryatA se bhugatane hI paDate haiM / eka hI jIva khuda kA mitra aura zatru kaise bana sakatA hai ? kahA hai ki AtmA jaba sadAcaraNa meM pravRtta hotA hai tA vaha khuda kA mitra hotA hai / jaba vaha durAcaraNa meM magna hotA hai taba khuda kA zatru banatA hai / (7) varaM me appA daMto --- ___sAmAnyata: koI bhI vyakti baMdhana meM rahanA nahIM cAhatA / jAdA hI ucchRkhalatA dikhAye to dUsaroM ke dvArA damana tADana aura baMdhana kI AzaMkA hamezA rahegI / dUsaroM ke dvArA DAle gaye baMdhanoM meM rahane kI apekSA khuda hasaMyama aura tapa kA AdhAra lekara niyaMtraNa meM rahane kA prayAsa karanA, jAdA hI acchA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke isa gAthA para eka acchI kathA uddhRta kI jAtI hai / vana meM tApasAzrama meM eka yuvA hAthI thA / vaha bArabAra Azrama ke vRkSa evaM kuTiyA~ uddhvasta karatA thA / tApasakumAroM ne rAjA ke pAsa zikAyata kI / rAjA ne sipAhiyoM se usa hAthI ko pakaDavAyA aura use lohe kI beDiyoM meM DAlA / hAthI ne tAkada lagAkastaMbha hI ukhADa diyA aura phira Azrama meM jAkara Azrama uddhvasta kiyA / isa ghaTanA kI do-tIna bAra punarAvRtti huI |aakhir eka tApasakumAra ne hAthI se kahA, 'rAjA kI beDI meM tuma apaneApa zAMta raho / dekho ! tumhAre anukUla hI sma ho jAegA / ' hAthI beDiyoM meM zAMta rahane lagA / rAjA ko vizvAsa huA / usane svayaM use baMdhanahIna kara diyA / na meM rahane kA agara nirNaya liyA to sacce artha meM baMdhanamukta hone kI saMbhAvanA adhika hI
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________________ rahatI hai', yaha isa kahAnI kI nasIyata hai / (8) jo sahassa sahassANaM prastuta gAthA meM lAkhoM ke yuddha meM pAyA huA vijaya evaM AtmA para pAyA gayA vijaya isakI tulanA kI gayI hai / zatruoM para pAyA gayA vijaya bhautika vijaya hai / bhautika vijaya tAtkAlina samAdhAna evaM bhautika samRddhi de sakatA hai / rAgadveSa evaM kaSAyoM se bharI khuda kI AtmA para kAbU pAnA bhautika vijaya se bahuta hI kaThina hai / jainazAstra meM hamezA kahA gayA hai ki bhautika, vyAvahArika yA bAhya vijaya se Atmavijaya kaI gunA zreSTha hai / kyoMki AtmavijayI vyakti ko jItane lAyaka koI bhI dUsarI cIja nahIM rahatI / (9) appA naI veyaraNI prastuta gAthA meM vaitaraNI nadI, kUTazAlmalI vRkSa, kAmadhenu aura naMdanavana kA nirdeza hai / inameM se pahale do dukhada hai aura aMta ke do sukhada hai / bhAvArtha yaha hai ki apane kiye hue karma ke anusAra hI naraka ke duHkhoM kyA svarga ke sukhoM kI prApti hotI hai / isI bhAvArtha ko lekara chaThI gAthA meM AtmA ko kartA - vikartA tathA mitra - zatru kahA hai / ********** svAdhyAya - 6 1) jIva ko 'uttama' kyoM kahA hai ? (pA~ca-chaha vAkya) (gAthA 1 bhAvArtha) 2) nakArAtmaka dRSTi se jIva kA varNana kisa prakAra kiyA hai ? (eka vAkya ) (gAthA 2 artha ) 3) 'bahirAtmA' kinheM kahate haiM ? ( do-tIna vAkya ) ( gAthA 3, 4 bhAvArtha ) 4) 'aMtarAtmA' kinheM kahate haiM ? ( do-tIna vAkya ) ( gAthA 3, 4 bhAvArtha ) 5) paramAtmA ke do prakAra kaunase batAe~ hai ? (eka vAkya) (gAthA 3 artha ) 6) tIna prakAra ke AtmA ke sahAre hama kisa prakAra dhyAna kara sakate haiM ? (eka-do vAkya) (gAthA 5 artha) 7) 'AtmA sukhaduHkhoM kA kartAbhoktA hai' - spaSTa kIjie / ( tIna-cAra vAkya) (gAthA 6 bhAvArtha) 8) 'apanI AtmA, apanA mitra bhI hai, zatru bhI hai' - spaSTa kIjie / (do vAkya) (gAthA 6 bhAvArtha ) 9) Atmadamana aura paradamana inameM kyA zreSTha hai ? kyoM ? ( do-tIna vAkya ) ( gAthA 7 bhAvArtha) 10) paramavijaya kaunasA hai ? kyoM ? ( tIna-cAra vAkya) (gAthA 8 bhAvArtha) 11) 'veyaraNI', 'kUDasAmalI', 'kAmaduhA gheNU' aura 'naMdaNavaNa' ina zabdoM ke saMkSepa meM artha likhie / (gAthA 9 artha ) **********
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________________ (7) ahiMsA prastAvanA : hama saba jAnate hI hai ki ahiMsA aura dayA kevala jainadharma ke hI nahIM, jagat ke sabhI dharmoM ke mUlAdhAra tattva hai / phira ahiMsAdharma ke taurapara jainadharma kI pahacAna kyoM hone lagI ? isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA vicAra khAnapAna, AcAravyavahAra sabhI dRSTi se jitanA jainiyoM ne kiyA hai, utanA zAyada kisI dharma ne nahIM kiyA hai| prAcIna jainazAstroM meM ahiMsA ko 'prANAtipAtaviramaNa' kahA hai / aura anya mahAvrata bhI viramaNa ke rUpa meM prastutakiye haiM / bAda meM ve saba ahiMsA, satya, asteya Adi zabdoM meM prakaTa kiye gaye / jainiyoM kI ahiMsA sUkSma hone kA eka mahattvapUrNa kAraNa yaha hai ki pRthvIkAyika Adi pA~ca prakAra ke jIvoMko unhoMne 'ekeMdriya jIva' kahA hai / pRthvI, jala, vAyu Adi sajIva hone kA jikra zAyada kisI bhI anya vicAradharA meM nahIM huA hai / jIvavicAra ke sUkSmatA ke kAraNa hI ahiMsAvicAra meM bhI sUkSmatA dikhAyI detI hai / bhAvArtha spaSTIkaraNa : (1) savve jIvA --- dazavaikAlikasUtra kI isa gAthA meM bahuta hI sarala zabdoM meM ahiMsA kA svarUpa spaSTa kiyA hai / pUre loka meM anaMta jIvoM kA astitva pAyA jAtA hai / hara eka jIva kI yaha sahaja preraNA hotI hai ki vaha jInA cAhatA hai, maranA nahIM cAhatA / isa vastusthiti kI ora nirdeza karake prastuta gAthA meM batAyA hai ki merI jIne kI preraNA ke sAthasAtha anya jIvoM kI jIvita rahane kI preraNA kA Adara karanA cAhie / isa bhAvanA se hI nipa~tha muni sabhI prakAra kIhiMsA kA tyAga karate haiN| (2) samayA savvabhUesu --- jagata ke saba prANimAtroM ke prati samabhAva, zatra aura mitroM ke prati rAgadveSa na rakhanA evaM sabhI prakAra kI (sthUla aura sUkSma) hiMsA se nivRtta honA - ye tIna cIjeM dhArmika AcaraNa kA sAra hai / prastuta gAthA meM isa bAta para bala diyA hai ki kahane aura likhane meM kitanA hI AsAna ho, yaha karane meM yAne AcaraNa meM bahuta kaThina hai / agara hama nizcaya kare to alpakAla taka isakA pAlana kara bhI sakate haiM lekina inako vrata ke svarUpa jIvanaparyaMta nibhAnA atIva duSkara hai| (3) tase pANe na hiMsejjA --- prastuta gAthA meM vividhatA se bhare hue vizva kA, nirIkSaNa karane ke lie kahA hai / yaha karate samaya sabhI prakArake prANimAtroM kI hiMsA ke vicAra se dUra rahane kI apekSA vyakta kI hai| gAthA ke prathama caraNa meM trasa' yAne halana-calanavAle prANiyoM kI hiMsA na karane kA nirdeza kiyA hai / pUrNa ahiMsA kI dRSTi se dekhe to pRthvI, jala Adi sthAvaroM kI bhI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie / lekina hamAre jIvana kI dhAraNA ke lie, hameM icchA ho yA na ho inakI hiMsA anivAryatA se hotI hai / isalie vacana se athavA karma (kayA) se trasoM kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie / sthAvara ho yA trasa sabhI jIvoM ke prati mana se yAne bhAva se pUrNata: nivRta honA hI yahA~ apekSita hai| (4) ajayaM caramANo --- prastuta gAthA meM ajayaM caramANo' isa padAvali kA artha ThIka taraha se samajha lenA cAhie / 'jayaNA' zabda kA
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________________ artha 'yatanA' hai / 'yatanA' yAne dhyAnapUrvaka, ekAgratApUrvaka gamanAgamana Adi pravRttiyA~ karanA / ajayaM' zabda kA artha hai, asAvadhAnI se yA pramAdapUrvaka gamanAgamana Adi karanA / jainazAstra meM yatanA-ayatanA arthAt pramAdaapramAda ko bahuta hI mahattva diyA hai / apramAdapUrvaka kiye hue karmoM se karmabaMdha nahIM hote / pramAdayukta karmese pApakarma ke baMdha hote haiM aura usake bure pariNAma bhugatane hI paDate haiN| yadyapi yahA~ 'caramANo' zabda kA prayoga hai tathApi usameM khAnA-pinA-sonA-uThanA-baiThanA-bolanA Adi sabhI kriyAe~ samAviSTa hai| isa gAthA meM prayukta 'prANa' (pANa) zabda trasa' prANiyoM kA vAcaka hai / usI prakAra 'bhUta' (bhUya) zabda 'sthAvara' prANiyoM kA vAcaka hai| 'apramAda kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa karanA', isa gAthA kA prayojana hai / (5) AdANe Nikkheve --- 'aSTapravacanamAtA' viSaya ke aMtargata pA~ca samitiyoM kA vicAra hamane kiyA hai / samiti, apramAda aura ahiMsA kA bahuta hI nikaTavartI saMbaMdha hai / prastuta gAthA kI pahalI paMkti meM prAya: sabhI samitiyoM kA ullekha hai| apramatta yAne yatanAvAn aura dayAyukta hone se vyakti ahiMsaka hotA hai / (6) jIvavaho appavaho --- 'jIvavaho appavaho ---' isa padAvali meM yaha artha nihita hai ki agara maiM khuda ke svArtha ke lie anya jIva kA ghAta karU~gA to pariNAmasvarUpa yA aMtimata: pApabaMdha hone ke kAraNa ghAta to merA hI hogA |yaane hiMsaka kriyA hiMsA karanevAlo ko hI adhika ghAtaka hotI hai / yahI bhAvanA jIvadayA ke samaya bhI mana meM rakhanI cAhie / agara maiM kisI para dayA yA upakAra karU to, vaha dayA bhI pariNAmasvarUpa, aMtimataH, svayaM ke prati hI dayA hogI / kyoMki puNyaprApti rUpa phala to svayaM ko hI milmA hai / hiMsA kisa prakAra TAlanI cAhie ?' - yaha spaSTa karane ke lie viSaile kA~Te kA udAharaNa diyA hai / viSaile kA~Te kA cubhanA yA usase bacanA, kA~Te kI apekSA se mujhe hI ghAtaka yA phAyademaMda hai / kA~TA cubhanese mujhe hI bAdhA hogI / pUrA zarIra viSayukta hokara zAyada prANa bhI cale jAyeMge / kA~Te se bacane se maiM bAdhA TAla sakU~gA yAne bhaviSyakAlIna aparimita hAni dUra kara sakU~gA / agara maiM kisI kI hiMsA nahIM kara rahA hU~, to isakA matalaba yahanahIM kI maiM dUsaroM para koI upakAra kara rahA hU~ / ahiMsA kA pAlana mujhe apanA svAbhAvika dharma laganA cAhie / yahI bAta dayA aura dAna kI bhI hai| (7) deva-gurUNa NimittaM --- prastuta gAthA kI eka viziSTa pArzvabhUmi hai / gAthA kA artha lagAte samaya vaha hameM dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie / samakAlIna hiMdu samAja meM pazubalipradhAna yajJa evaM ADaMbarapradhAna utsavoM kI bharamAra thii| deva, guru Adi nimittoM se hiMsA karane meM koI pApa nahIM hai, usase karmabaMdha bhI nahIM hotA' - yaha vicAradhArA maujUda thii| isake bilakula viparIta, jinadevoM ne 'hiMsArahita honA' - yaha dharma kA prathama lakSaNa mAnA thA / prastuta gAthA meM kahA hai ki dharma eka sAtha 'hiMsAsahita' aura 'hiMsArahita' donoM prakAra kA kaise ho sakatA hai ? jainazAstrake anusAra jinavacana kabhI asatya nahIM hote / isalie hiMsAyakta dharmAcaraNa ko asala meM koI sthAna nahIM hai| (8) pANe ya nAivAejjA --- jo pA~ca samitiyoM se yukta hotA hai, use 'samita' kahate haiM / jo khuda ko samita kahalAtA hai, usakA yaha prathA
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________________ kartavya hai ki vaha kisI prANI ke prANoM kA atipAta (vadha) na kareM / sabhI pApa pravRttiyoM se dUra rahanevAle dhArmika pravRttivAle vyakti ke lie gAthA kI dUsarI paMkti meM eka udAharaNa prayukta kiyA hai / kitanA bhI pAnI Upara se gire, U~ce sthAna se jisa prakAra pAnI bahakara nikala hI jAtA hai, usI prakAra samita hone ke kAraNa usa vyakti meM karmaaura karmabaMdha nahIM Thaharate / usase alaga ho jAte haiM / (9) savvo hi jahAyAse --- __ jainadharma meM ahiMsA tattva samagra jaina AcArazAstra kI AdhArazilA hai / jaina dRSTi se AcAra do prakAra kA hai - sAdhuAcAra aura zrAvakAcAra / donoM alaga-alaga kahane ke badale yahA~ tIna prAtinidhika zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / 'vrata' zabda se hama mahAvrata yA aNuvrata le sakate haiM / 'guNa' zabda sAdhu ke guNa athavA zrAvaka ke guNavrata - inadonoM arthoM se le sakate haiM / 'zIla' zabda to sAmAnyata: saMyama ke AcAra kA vAcaka hai / prastuta gAthA meM kahA hai ki vrata, guNa aura zIlarUpa AcAra, ahiMsA kI saMkalpanA para hI dRDha rUpa se pratiSThita __ ahiMsA kA mahattva samajhAne ke lie AkAza aura bhUmi kA udAharaNa diyA hai / jainazAstra ke anusAra AkAza hI Urdhva, adho aura madhyaloka ko avakAza detA hai / yaha avakAza hI trailokya kA AdhAra hai / bhUmi kI bata thoDI alaga hai / bhUmi, sabhI dvIpa aura samudroM ko pratyakSata: AdhAra detI hai / bhUmi aura AkAza ke dRSTAMta dene ke pIche ahiMsAvrata kI vizAlatA aura samagratA bhI AcAryazrI ke mana meM avazya hai| (10) tasapANe viyANettA --- prastuta gAthA meM brAhmaNa kA lakSaNa batAyA hai / 'brAhmaNa' zabda kI nayI paribhASA prastuta karane se jAhIra hai ki janmAdhAra jAtivyavasthA jainazAstra ko sammata nahIM hai / guNa aura vartana ke AdhAra se hI brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina cAra zabdoM kI paribhASA kI hai| brAhmaNa kA lakSaNa dete hue yahA~ ahiMsA ko prAdhAnya diyA hai / kahA hai ki - 'jo trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM ko samyak prakAra se jAnakara unakI mana,vacana aura kAyA se hiMsA nahIM karatA hai, use hama brAhmaNa kahate haiN|' 'brAhmaNa' zabda ke lie prAkRta zabda 'mAhaNa' hai / mAhaNa zabda kI utpatti isa prakAra dI jAtI hai - mA+haNa yAne 'kisI ko mata mAro' - aisA jo kahatA hai vahI brAhmaNa hai / svAdhyAya-7 1) 'savve jIvA vi icchaMti jIviuMna marijjiuM / ' spaSTa kIjie / (tIna-cAra vAkya) (gAthA 1 bhAvArtha) 2) trasa aura sthAvaroM ke prati kisa prakAra ahiMsA kA AcaraNa karanA apekSita hai ? (tIna-cAra vAkya) (gAthA 3 bhAvArtha) 3) ayatanApUrvaka vartana kyoM nahIM karanA cAhie ? (do-tIna vAkya) (gAthA 4 bhAvArtha) 4) apramatta aura dayAzIla vyakti ahiMsaka hai|' - spaSTa kIjie / (tIna-cAra vAkya) (gAthA 5 artha, bhAvArtha) 5) 'viSakaMTaka ke samAna hiMsA TAlanI cAhie' - spaSTa kIjie / (pA~ca-chaha vAkya) (gAthA 6 bhAvArtha) 6) hiMsArahita aura hiMsAsahita dharma ke bAre meM, deva-gurUNa Nimitta' isa gAthA meM kyA kahA hai ? (do-tIna vAkya) (gAthA 7 bhAvArtha)
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________________ 7) ahiMsA kA mahattva samajhAne ke lie AkAza aura bhUmi kA udAharaNa kyoM diyA hai ? (pA~ca-chaha vAkya) (gAthA 9 bhAvArtha) 8) sacce artha meM brAhmaNa kauna hai ? (do vAkya) (gAthA 10 artha)
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________________ (jainaoNlaoNjI-praveza (paMcamI) pustakAtIla - pAna 30 te 64 yethe gheNe) (8) zrAvaka kA AcAra prazna 1 : jaina dharma meM kaunase do AcAroM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai ? (eka vAkya) prazna 2 : 'zrAvaka' kise kahate haiM ? (eka vAkya) prazna 3 : 'upAsaka' kise kahate haiM ? (eka vAkya) prazna 4 : jaina AcAra kise kahA hai ? (eka vAkya) prazna 5 : jaina dharma ke do saMpradAyoM ke nAma likhie / (eka vAkya) prazna 6 : zrAvakAcAra kA dUsarA nAma kyA hai ? (eka vAkya) prazna 7 : zvetAMbaroM ke pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvratoM ke nAma likhie / prazna 8 : 'aNuvrata' kise kahate haiM ? (eka vAkya) prazna 9 : ahiMsA aNuvrata kA artha likhie / (eka vAkya) prazna 10 : sthUla hiMsA ke cAra prakAroM ke nAma likhie / prazna 11 : 'sirpha jhUTha bolanA hI asatya nahIM hai' - spaSTa kIjie / (eka vAkya) prazna 12 : 'satya' evaM 'priya-apriya' ke bAre meM zAstra meM kaunasA nirdeza diyA hai ? (eka vAkya) prazna 13 : corI kI saMkSipta vyAkhyA likho / (eka vAkya) prazna 14 : parigraha aura parimANa donoM zabdoM ke artha likhie / (do vAkya) prazna 15 : apanI saba pravRttiyoM ko viziSTa kSetra kI maryAdA DAlane se hamArA kaunasA phAyadA hotA hai ? (eka vAkya) prazna 16 : 'bhoga' kise kahate haiM ? 'upabhoga' kise kahate haiM ? pratyeka ke do-tIna udAharaNa likhie / (cAra vAkya) prazna 17 : amaryAda bhogopabhogoM kA kaunasA burA sAmAjika natIjA hogA ? (eka vAkya) prazna 18 : 'anarthadaNDa' kA artha saMkSepa meM likhie / (eka vAkya) prazna 19 : anarthadaNDavirati kaunase cAra prakAroM se hotI hai ? sirpha nAma likhie / prazna 20 : grahaNa kiye hue vratoM kA bArabAra abhyAsa karane ko kaunasA vrata kahate haiM ? (eka vAkya) prazna 21 : 'sAmAyika' kise kahate haiM ? (eka vAkya) prazna 22 : poSadhavrata kA pAlana kisa prakAra karane kI prathA hai ? (pA~ca-chaha vAkya) prazna 23 : digaMbara zrAvakAcAra hamezA kisake AdhArapara batAyA jAtA hai ? (eka vAkya) prazna 24 : gyAraha pratimAoM ke nAma krama se likhie / prazna 25 : darzana-zrAvaka ko kaunasI ATha cIjeM prayatnapUrvaka TAlanI cAhie ? (eka vAkya) prazna 26 : sAta vyasanoM ke nAma likhie / prazna 27 : digaMbarIya vrata-pratimA ke aMtargata zvetAMbarIya zrAvakAcAra ke kaunase vrata samAviSTa hote haiM ? (eka vAkya) prazna 28 : sacitta-tyAga-pratimA kA dhAraka khAnapAnaviSayaka kaunasA AcAra apanAtA hai ? (do vAkya) prazna 29 : rAtribhojana-tyAga' Arogya kI dRSTi se bhI kisa prakAra mahattvapUrNa hai ? (do-tIna vAkya) prazna 30 : zrAvaka kI gyArahavIM pratimA ko zramaNabhUta pratimA' kyoM kahate haiM ? (do vAkya) prazna 31 : hara jaina zrAvaka agara vratoM ke mArgadarzana meM calegA to kaunase sAmAjika lAbha hoMge ? (eka vAkya) prazna 32 : jaina zAstra ke anusAra dhArmika mRtyu svIkArane ke vrata ko kyA kahate haiM ? (eka vAkya) **********
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________________ vibhakti prathamA (Nominative) dvitIyA (Accusative) tRtIyA (Instrumental) paMcamI (Ablative) SaSThI (Genitive) saptamI (Locative) saMbodhana (Vocative) (jainaoNlaoNjI-paricaya (1) pAna - 26 te 32 yethe gheNe) (9) vyAkaraNa pATha AkArAnta strI. 'mAlA' zabda ekavacana mAlA (eka mAlA) mAlaM (mAlA ko) mAlAe (mAlA ne) mAlAe, mAlAo (mAlA se) mAlAe (mAlA kA) mAlAe (mAlA meM) mAlA, mAle (he mAlA !) anekavacana mAlA, mAlAo (aneka mAlAe~) mAlA, mAlAo (mAlAoM ko) mAlAhi, mAlAhiM (mAlAoM ne) mAlAhiMto (mAlAoM se) mAlANa, mAlANaM (mAlAoM kA) mAlAsu, mAlAsuM (mAlAoM meM) mAlA, mAlAo (he mAlAoM !) isI taraha sAlA, bAlA, pUjA, devayA, gaMgA, kannA i. AkArAMta strIliMgI zabda likhie / (1) prathamA vibhakti : (Nominative) kartAkAraka 1) gaMgA savvanaIsu seTThA / gaMgA saba nadiyoM meM zreSTha hai / 2) kannAo pADhasAlaM gacchaMti / kanyAe~ pAThazAlA jAtI haiM / (2) dvitIyA vibhakti : (Accusative) karmakAraka 1) mAlAyAro mAlaM guMphai / mAlI (mAlAkAra) mAlA gUMthatA hai / 2) vivihajaNA vivihAo devayAo vaMdaMti / vividha loga vividha devatAoM ko vaMdana karate haiM / (3) tRtIyA vibhakti : (Instrumental) karaNakAraka 1) sA mAlAe sivaM pUei / vaha mAlA se ziva kI pUjA karatI hai /
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________________ 2) amhe mAlAhiM gharaM vihUsemo / hama mAlAoM se ghara vibhUSita karate haiM / (4) paMcamI vibhakti: (Ablative ) apAdAnakAraka 1) sAhAe pupphAiM nivaDaMti / zAkhA se phUla girate haiM / 2) devayAhiMto jaNA varA lahaMti / devatAoM se loga vara prApta karate haiM / (5) SaSThI vibhakti : (Genitive) saMbaMdhakAraka 1) pasaMsAe ko Na suhAvei ? prazaMsA kise suhAvanI nahIM lagatI ? 2) mahilANaM maNaM ko jANai ? mahilAoM kA mana kauna jAnatA hai ? (6) saptamI vibhakti : (Locative) adhikaraNakAraka 1) tassa cittaM pUyAe ramai / usakA mana pUjA meM ramatA hai / 2) khagANaM nIDA DAlAsu sohaMti / pakSiyoM ke ghoMsale DAlAoM para zobhate haiM / (7) saMbodhana vibhakti : ( Vocative) nimaMtraNa, saMbodhana 1) nIle ! iha Agaccha / nIlA ! idhara Ao / 2) devayAo ! amhe khamaha / devatAo ! hameM kSamA karo / (jainaoNlaoNjI - paricaya (1) pustakAtIla pAna - 32 te 36 yethe gheNe) bhUtakAla (Past Tense) jo kriyA ghaTI huI hai, usake lie hama bhUtakAlika kriyApadoM kA upayoga karate haiM / ke pratyaya bhUtakAla puruSa prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa ekavacana itthA itthA itthA anekavacana iMsu iMsu
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________________ anekavacana bhUtakAla dhAtu (kriyApada) : gaccha (jAnA) ekavacana gacchitthA gacchitthA gacchitthA puruSa prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa gacchiMsu gacchiMsu gacchiMsu puruSa prathama puruSa sarvanAmasahita bhUtakAla ke kriyApada kriyApada : bhakkha (khAnA) ekavacana ahaM bhakkhitthA / (maiMne khAyA / ) tuma bhakkhitthA / (tUne/tumane khAyA / ) sA bhakkhitthA / (usane khAyA / ) dvitIya puruSa anekavacana amhe bhakkhisu / (hamane khAyA / ) tumhe bhakkhisu / (tumane/sabane khAyA / ) te bhakkhiMsu / (unhoMne khAyA / ) tRtIya puruSa 'itthA' aura 'iMsu' ye bhUtakAlavAcaka pratyaya jAdA tara ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM hI pAye jAte haiM / sAmAnya prAkRta meM bhUtakAlika kriyApadoM ke sthAna para bhUtakAlika vizeSaNa prayukta karate haiM / kucha prAkRta kriyApada (dhAtu), unake artha tathA vAkya / 1) pAsa - dekhanA ahaM morassa cittaM pAsitthA / maiMne mora kA citra dekhA / 2) piva - pInA amhe duddhapiviMsu / hamane dUdha piyA / 3) uvavisa - baiThanA / tumaM kattha uvavisitthA ? tU kahA~ baiThI thI ? 4) sikkha - sIkhanA / tumhe kiM sikkhisu ? tumane kyA sIkhA ?
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________________ 5) paDa - giranA / so rukkhAo paDitthA / vaha jhADa se giraa| 6) gaccha - jAnA / te vaNaM gacchiMsu / ve vana meM gaye / bhaviSyakAla (Future-Tense) jo ghaTanAe~ AgAmI kAla meM honevAlI haiM, usake lie hama bhaviSyakAlika kriyApadoM kA upayoga karate haiM / bhaviSyakAla ke pratyaya do prakAra ke hote haiM - eka 'issa' pratyaya se aura 'iha' pratyaya se hote haiM / puruSa prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa (1) bhaviSyakAla ke pratyaya ekavacana issAmi, issaM issasi issai anekavacana issAmo issaha issaMti puruSa prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa bhaviSyakAla dhAtu (kriyApada) : gaccha (jAnA) ekavacana gacchissAmi, gacchissaM gacchissasi gacchissai anekavacana gacchissAmo gacchissaha gacchissaMti puruSa prathama puruSa sarvanAmasahita bhaviSyakAla ke kriyArUpa kriyApada : bhakkha (khAnA) ekavacana ahaM bhakkhissAmi / ahaM bhakkhissaM / (maiM khAUMgA / ) tuma bhakkhissasi / (tU khAyegA / tuma khAoge / ) so bhakkhissai / (vaha khAegA / ) dvitIya puruSa anekavacana amhe bhkkhissaamo| (hama khAyeMge / ) tumhe bhakkhissaha / (tuma saba khAoge / ) te bhakkhissaMti / (ve khAe~ge / ) tRtIya puruSa
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________________ ___ puruSa prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa (2) bhaviSyakAla ke pratyaya ekavacana ihimi, ihAmi ihisi ihii anekavacana ihimo, ihAmo ihiha ihiMti puruSa bhaviSyakAla dhAtu (kriyApada) : gaccha (jAnA) ekavacana gacchihimi, gacchihAmi gacchihisi gacchihii prathama puruSa dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa anekavacana gacchihimo, gacchihAmo gacchihiha gacchihiti puruSa prathama puruSa sarvanAmasahita bhaviSyakAla ke kriyArUpa kriyApada : bhakkha (khAnA) ekavacana anekavacana ahaM bhakkhihimi / ahaM bhakkhihAmi / amhe bhakkhihimo / amhe bhakkhihAmo (maiM khAUMgA / ) (hama khAyeMge / ) tuma bhakkhihisi / tumhe bhakkhihiha / (tU khAyegI / tuma khAoge / ) (tuma saba khAoge / ) sA bhakkhihii / te bhakkhihiMti / (vaha khAegI / ) (ve khAe~gI / ) dvitIya puruSa tRtIya puruSa kucha prAkRta kriyApada (dhAtu), unake artha tathA vAkya / 1) vaya - bolanA / ahaM niccaM saccaM vaissAmi/vaihimi / maiM hamezA saca bolUMgA / 2) kara - karanA / amhe jujhaM karissAmo/karihimo / hama yuddha kreNge| 3) laha - prApta honA / tumaM viulaM dhaNaM lahissasi/lahihisi / tujhe vipula dhana prApta hogaa|
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________________ 4) bhakkha - khAnA / tumhe suheNa bhakkhissaha/bhakkhihiha / tuma sukhapUrvaka khAnA khAoge / 5) suNa - sunanA / so mama Na suNissai/suNihii / vaha merA nahIM sunegaa| 6) gA - gAnA / te mahuraM gIyaM gAissaMti/gAihiMti / ve madhura gIta gAyeMge / 7)haNa - mAranA / baMbhaNo jIvA na haNissai / brAhmaNa jIvoM ko nahIM mAregA / 8) ho - honA / savvejaNA suhiNo hoissaMti/hoihiMti / saba loga sukhI hoNge| 9) vaMda - vaMdana karanA / nehA jiNapaDimaM vaMdissai/vaMdihii / snehA jinapratimA ko vaMdana karegI / 10) de - denA / muNivaro amhe sAvayavayAI deissai/deihii / munivara hameM zrAvakavrata deNge| 11) uDDa - uDanA / pakkhI paMjarAo uDDissai/uDDihii / pakSI piMjare se uDegA / (1) vyAkaraNapATha abhyAsaviSayaka suucnaaeN| * parIkSA meM vyAkaraNapATha para AdhArita prazna lagabhaga 10 guNoM ke hoMge / * nAmavibhakti para AdhArita prazna akArAnta pulliMgI aura AkArAnta strIliMgI zabdoM para AdhArita hoMge / * kriyApada para AdhArita prazna vartamAnakAla, bhUtakAla evaM bhaviSyakAla para AdhArita hoMge /
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________________ * isa vyAkaraNapATha ke aMtargata Ae hue prAkRta vAkyoM kA hiMdI anuvAda pUchA jAyegA / hiMdI vAkyoM kA prAkta nahIM pUchA jaayegaa| (2) namUne ke taura para kucha vastuniSTha prazna diye haiM / isake AdhAra se vidyArthI parIkSA kI taiyArI kareM / 1) nimnalikhita kriyApadoM ke samUha se vartamAnakAla, bhUtakAla aura bhaviSyakAla ke kriyApada alagaalaga kiijie| bhaNai, bhakkhiMsu, pucchaMti, khivasi, pAsitthA, pivissAmi, pUissAmi, uvavisAmo, sikkhAmi, paDiMsu, jIvihiha, lahemo, guMphihimi, suNissAmo, gAyaMti, haNissai, homi, vaMditthA, bhuMjaha, suvissaha, Agacchihii, pucchiMsanamasi, ramissasi, lahitthA, lihissaMti / (2) (a) adhorekhita kriyApadoM ke vartamAna kAla ke ucita kriyArUpa likhie / 1) so rattiM na (bhuNj)| 2) amhe bhArahe (vs)| (ba) adhorekhita kriyApadoM ke bhUtakAla ke ucita kriyArUpa likhie / 1) sIyA ramaNIyaM vaNaM (pAsa) / 2) te duddhaM (piv)| (ka) adhorekhita kriyApadoM ke bhaviSyakAla ke ucita kriyArUpa likhie / 1) araviMdo puNNeNa sagaM (laha) / 2) tumhe suheNa (jiiv)| (3) ucita paryAya cunie / 1) tumhe saMjhAe kIlaha/kIlasi / 2) amhe ujjANe ramAmi/ramAmo / 3) so morassa cittaM pAsitthA/pAsiMsu / 4) te potthayaM paDhai/paDhaMti / 5) rAmo vaNaM gacchitthA/gacchiMsu / 6) nIlA viulaM dhaNaM lahissasi/lahissai / 7) kAgo paMjarAo uDDihii/uDDihiMti / 8) kannAo mahuraM gIyaM gAyaMti/gAyai / 9) ahaM saccaM bhaNAmi/bhaNAmo / 10) chattA AyariyaM pucchaMti/pucchai / (4) adhorekhita zabdoM kI vibhakti likhie / 1) jiNehiM dhammo khio| 2) kamalA saMjhAe kIlissai /
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________________ 3) caMdo AgAse sohitthA / 4) sA bAlA suheNa suvai / 5) ahaM pADhasAlaMgacchissAmi / 6) pUyAe viNhU pasanno / 7) mahAvIrassa jaNaNI tisalA / 8) tuma hattheNa lihasi / 9) ko mAlAsu pupphAiM guMphai ? 10) sAhAhiMto phalAiM paDaMti / (5) adhorekhita vibhaktiyoM ke ucita paryAya cunie / 1) kannA/kannAe pADhasAlaM gacchaMti / 2) te devayAsuM/devayAo vaMdaMti / 3) pasaMsAe/pasaMse ko Na suhAvei ? 4) nivo/nivA gAmaM rakkhai / 5) dANesu/dANeNaM abhayadANaM seTuM / **********
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________________ jainaoNlaoNjI paricaya (1) madhIla pATha 18 iMgrajI zabdAMcA iMDeksa dyA.