Jain Parampara ka Itihas

Author(s): Nathmalmuni
Publisher: Adarsh Sahitya Sangh
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010279/1

Page #1
THE FREE INDOLOGICAL COLLECTION WWW.SANSKRITDOCUMENTS.ORG/TFIC FAIR USE DECLARATION This book is sourced from another online repository and provided to you at this site under the TFIC collection. It is provided under commonly held Fair Use guidelines for individual educational or research use. We believe that the book is in the public domain and public dissemination was the intent of the original repository. We applaud and support their work wholeheartedly and only provide this version of this book at this site to make it available to even more readers. We believe that cataloging plays a big part in finding valuable books and try to facilitate that, through our TFIC group efforts. In some cases, the original sources are no longer online or are very hard to access, or marked up in or provided in Indian languages, rather than the more widely used English language. TFIC tries to address these needs too. Our intent is to aid all these repositories and digitization projects and is in no way to undercut them. For more information about our mission and our fair use guidelines, please visit our website. Note that we provide this book and others because, to the best of our knowledge, they are in the public domain, in our jurisdiction. However, before downloading and using it, you must verify that it is legal for you, in your jurisdiction, to access and use this copy of the book. Please do not download this book in error. We may not be held responsible for any copyright or other legal violations. Placing this notice in the front of every book, serves to both alert you, and to relieve us of any responsibility. If you are the intellectual property owner of this or any other book in our collection, please email us, if you have any objections to how we present or provide this book here, or to our providing this book at all. We shall work with you immediately. -The TFIC Team.

Page #2

Page #3
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa muni nathamala

Page #4
prabandha sampAdaka chaganalAla zAstrI prakAzaka seTha mannAlAlajI surAnA memoriyala TrasTa 81, sadarna evenyU, kalakattA 26 jaina darzana granthamAlA : terahavAM puSpa mudraka rephila ArTa presa 31, var3atallA sTrITa kalakattA-7 prabandhaka Adarza sAhitya saMgha cUrU ( rAjasthAna ) prathama saMskaraNa 1000 : mUlya 3 rupaye 37 na0 paM0 dvitIya saMskaraNa 1100 mUlya 3 rupaye 37 na0 pai0 * --

Page #5
prajJApanA jena paramparA utanI hI prAcIna hai, jitanI AtmA kI paramparA aura AtmA kA darzana | usake itivRtta ke Akalana kA artha hai adhyAtma - utkarSa ke bahumukhI vikAsa kA Akalana / mahAn draSTA, janavandya AcArya zrI tulasI ke antevAsI muni zrI nathamalajI dvArA race 'jaina darzana ke maulika tattva' se gRhIta 'jaina paramparA kA itihAsa' nAmaka yaha pustaka jaina saMskRti, vicAra-darzana aura AcAra - paramparA ke prAg- aitihAsika eva aitihAsika kAla ke vividha pahaluo para paryApta prakAza DAlatI hai / prAgaitihAsikakAlIna kulakara-vyavasthA, dharma-tIrtha- pravartana, sAmAjika jIvana kA vikAsa, aitihAsikakAlIna vyavasthAe, saghIya paramparAe, jaina sAhitya kA sarvatomukhI vikAsa, jaina dharma kA samAja para prabhAva, sava- vyavasthA aura caryA prabhRti aneka viSayo kA muni zrI ne isame sUkSma anveSaNa pUrvaka vivecana kiyA hai / zrI terApantha dvizatAbdI samAroha ke abhinandana meM isa pustaka ke prakAzana kA dAyitva seTha mannAlAlajI surAnA memoriyala TrasTa, kalakattA ne svIkAra kiyA yaha atyanta harpa kA viSaya hai / terApatha kA prasAra, tatsamvandhI sAhitya kA prakAzana, aNuvrata Andolana kA jana-jana me sacAra TrasTa ke uddezyo me se mukhya hai / isa pustaka ke prakAzana dvArA apanI uddezyapUrti kA jo mahattvapUrNa kadama TrasTa ne uThAyA hai, vaha sarvathA abhinandanIya hai / jana-jana me sattatttra-prasAra, naitika jAgaraNa kI preraNA tathA jana sevA kA uddezya liye calane vAle isa TrasTa ke saMsthApana dvArA pramukha samAjasevI, sAhityAnurAgI zrI hanUtamalajI surAnA ne samAja ke sAdhana sampanna vyaktiyo ke samakSa eka anukaraNIya kadama rakhA hai / isake lie unheM sAdara dhanyavAda - hai /

Page #6
[kha] Adarza sAhitya saMgha, jo satsAhitya ke prakAzana evaM pracAra-prasAra kA dhyeya lie kArya karatA A rahA hai, isa mahattvapUrNa prakAzana kA prabandhAbhAra grahaNa kara atyadhika prasannatA anUbhava karatA hai / jaina paramparA kA itivRtta jAnane meM yaha pustaka vizeSa rUpa se sahAyaka siddha hogI, aisI AzA hai / saradArazahara ( rAjasthAna ) ASADha kRSNA 11, 2017 jayacandalAla daphtarI vyavasthApaka Adarza sAhitya saMgha dvitIya saMskaraNa jaina paramparA kA itivRta jAnane meM yaha pustaka vizeSa rUpa se sahAyaka siddha huI hai, yaha kahanA atizayokti pUrNa nahI hai / pustaka kA dvitIya saskaraNa isakA jvalanta pramANa hai / hame AzA hI nahI pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki sAhityAnurAgI samAja saMgha dvArA prakAzita pustako se lAbhAnvita ho samaya-samaya para isakA mArga-darzana karatA rahegA / cUrU ( rAjasthAna ) bhAdava zaklA 1 sa0 2026 vyavasthApaka Adarza sAhitya sagha

Page #7
viSayAnukramaNikA 01. jaina saMskRti kA prAga aitihAsika kAla 2 aitihAsika kAla 3. jaina sAhitya 4. jaina dharma kA samAja para prabhAva 5. saMgha vyavasthA aura caryA 1 16 56 106 135

Page #8

Page #9
eka jana saMskRti kA prAga aitihAsika kAla * sAmUhika parivartana 'kulakara-vyavasthA vivAha-paddhati , khAdya-samasyA kA samAdhAna 5 adhyayana aura vikAsa * rAjya-tantra aura daNDanIti * dharmatIrtha-pravartana sAmrAjya-lipsA aura yuddha kA prArambha kSamA vinaya anAsakta yoga thAmaNya kI ora Rpabhadeva ke pazcAt saurASTra kI AdhyAtmika cetanA

Page #10

Page #11
sAmUhika parivartana -- vizva ke kaI bhAgo me kAla ko apekSA se jo sAmUhika parivartana hotA hai, use 'krama-hAsavAda' yA 'krama-vikAsavAda' kahA jAtA hai| kAla ke parivartana se kabhI unnati aura-kabhI avanati huA karatI hai| usa kAla ke mukhyatayA do bhAga hote hai-avasarpiNI aura utsrpinnii| avasarpiNI me varNa, ganya, rasa, sparza, saMhanana, sasthAna, AyuSya, zarIra, mukha Adi padArthoM kI kramazaH avanati hotI hai / utsarpiNI meM ukta padArtho kI kramazaH unnati hotI hai| para vaha avanati aura unnati samUhApekSA se hai, vyakti kI apekSA se nhiiN| avasarpiNI kI carama sImA hI utsapiMgo kA prArambha hai aura utsarpiNI kA anta avasarpiNI kA janma hai / kramaza. yaha kAla-cakra calatA rahatA hai| pratyeka avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI ke chaha-chaha bhAga hote hai :(1) ekAnta-supamA (2) supamA (3) supama-duHpamA (4) dupama-supamA (5) dupamA (6) dupama-dupamA ye chaha avasarpigI ke vibhAga hai| utsarpiNI ke chaha vibhAga ima vyatikrama se hote hai : (1) dupama-duHpamA (2) dupamA (3) dupama-supamA (4) mupama-duHpamA (5) mupamA (6) ekAnta-mupamA

Page #12
2] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa Aja hama avasarpiNI ke pAMcaveM parva - du*pamA me jI rahe hai / hamAre yuga kA jIvana-krama ekAnta-suSamA se zurU hotA hai / usa samaya bhUmi snigdha thI / varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza atyanta manojJa the / miTTI kA miThAsa Aja kI cInI se ananta guNA adhika thA / karma-bhUmi thI kintu abhI karma-yuga kA pravartana nahI huA thA | padArtha ati snigdha the, isalie usa jamAne ke loga tIna dina se thor3I-sI vanaspati khAte aura tRpta ho jAte / khAdya padArtha aprAkRtika nahI the / vikAra bahuta kama the, isalie unakA jIvana-kAla bahuta lambA hotA thA / ve tIna palya taka jote the / akAla mRtyu kabhI nahI hotI thI / vAtAvaraNa kI atyanta anukUlatA thI / unakA zarIra tIna kosa U~cA hotA thA / ve svabhAva se zAnta aura santuSTa hote the / yaha cAra koDa sAgara kA ekAnna sukhamaya kAla - vibhAga bIta gayA / tIna koDAkoDa sAgara kA dUsarA sukhamaya bhAga zurU huA / isameM bhojana do dina se hone lagA / jIvana-kAla do palya kA ho gayA aura zarIra kI U~cAI do kosa ko raha gaI / inakI kamI kA kAraNa thA bhUmi aura padArthoM kI snigvatA kI kamI / kAla aura Age vaDhA / tIsare sukha-dukhamaya kAla vibhAga meM aura kamI A gaI / eka dina se bhojana hone lagA / jIvana kA kAla - mAna eka palya ho gayA aura zarIra kI U~cAI eka kosa kI ho gaI isa yuga kI kAlamaryAdA thI eka koDAkor3a sAgara / padArtho kI snigdhatA me bahuta kamI huIM / sahaja niyamana vyavasthA AI aura isI daurAna me kulakara-vyavasthA ko / isake antima caraNa me TUTane lage, taba kRtrima janma milA / yaha karma- yuga ke zaizava kAla kI kahAnI hai / samAja saMgaThana abhI huA nahI thA / yaugalika vyavasthA cala rahI thI, eka joDA hI saba kucha hotA thA / na kula thA, na varga aura na jAti / samAja aura rAjya kI bAta bahuta dUra thI / jana sakhyA kama thI / mAtA-pitA ko mauta se do yA tIna mAsa pahale eka yugala janma letA, vahI dampatti hotA / vivAha sasthA kA udaya nahI huA thA / jIvana kI AvazyakatAe~ bahuta sImita thI / na khetI hotI thI, na kapaDA banatA thA aura na makAna banate the, unake bhojana, vastra aura nivAsa ke sAdhana kalpavRkSa the, zRgAra aura Amoda-pramoda, vidyA, kalA aura vijJAna kA koI nAma

Page #13
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa nahI jAnatA thA / na koI vAhana thA aura na koI yAtrI / gAMva vase nahI the / na koI svAmI thA aura na koI sevaka / gAsaka aura zAsita bhI nahI the / na koI gopaka yA aura na koI zopita / pati-patnI yA janya-janaka ke sivA sambandha jaisI koI vastu hI nahI thii| dharma aura usake pracAraka bhI nahIM the, usa samaya ke loga sahaja dharma ke adhikArI aura gAMta-svabhAva vAle the| cugalI, nindA, Aropa jaise manobhAva janme hI nahI the / hInatA aura utkarSa kI bhAvanAe bhI utpanna nahI huI thii| lar3ane-jhagar3ane kI mAnasika nanthiyA~ bhI nahI banI thI / ve zastra aura zAstra dono se anajAna the| ___ abrahmacarya sImita thA, mArakATa aura hatyA nahI hotI thI / na saMgraha thA, na corI aura na asatya / ve sadA sahaja Ananda aura zAnti me lIna rahate the| kAla cakra kA pahalA bhAga ( ara) vItA / dUsarA aura tIsarA bhI lagabhaga bIta gyaa| __ sahaja samRddhi kA kramika hrAsa hone lagA / bhUmi kA rasa cInI se manantaguNa mIThA thA, vaha kama hone lagA / usake varNa, gandha aura sparza kI zreSThatA bhI kama huii| yugala manupyo ke garIra kA parimANa bhI ghaTatA gayA / tIna, do aura eka dina ke bAda bhojana karane kI paramparA bhI TUTane lagI / kalpa-vRkSo kI zakti bhI kSINa ho clii| yaha yogalika vyavasthA ke antima dino kI kahAnI hai| / kulakara-vyavasthA / asakhya vo ke vAda nae yuga kA mArambha huaa| yogalika vyavasthA dhIredhIre TUTane lgii| dUsarI koI vyavasthA abhI bhanma nahI paaii| sakrAnti-kAla cala rahA thA / eka ora AvazyakatA-pUrti ke sAdhana kama hue to dUsarI ora jana-sakhyA aura jIvana kI AvazyakatAe kucha vaDhI / isa sthiti me ApasI savarpa aura lUTa-khasoTa hone lagI / paristhiti kI vivazatA ne kSamA, zAnti,

Page #14
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa saumya Adi sahaja guNo meM parivartana lA diyA / aparAdhI manovRti kA bIja aMkurita hone lgaa| ___aparAdha aura avyavasthA ne unhe eka naI vyavasthA ke nirmANa kI preraNA dii| usake phalasvarUpa 'kula' vyavasthA kA vikAza huaa| loga 'kula' ke rUpa meM saMgaThita hokara rahane lage / una kulo kA mukhiyA hotA, vaha kulakara khlaataa| use daNDa dene kA adhikAra hotaa| vaha saba kulo kI vyavasthA karatA, unakI suvidhAo kA dhyAna rakhatA aura lUTa-khasoTa para niyantraNa rakhatA-yaha zAsana-tantra kA hI Adi rUpa thA / sAta yA caudaha kulakara Ae / unake zAsana-kAla me tIna nItiyo kA pravartana huA / sabase pahale "hAkAra" nIti kA prayoga huA / Age calakara vaha asaphala ho gaI taba "mAkAra" nIti kA prayoga calA / usake asaphala hone para "dhikkAra" nIti clii| usa yuga ke manuSya ati-mAtra Rju, maryAdA-priya aura svayaM zAsita the| kheda-pradarzana, niSedha aura tiraskAra-ye mRtyu-daNDa se adhika hote / __ manuSya prakRti se pUrA bhalA hI nahI hotA aura pUrA burA hI nahI hotA / usame bhalAI aura burAI dono ke bIja hote hai| paristhiti kA yoga pA ve akurita ho uThate hai| deza, kAla, puruSArtha, karma aura niyati kI saha-sthiti kA nAma hai paristhiti / vaha vyakti kI svabhAvagata vRttiyo kI uttejanA kA hetu banatI hai / usase prabhAvita vyakti burA yA bhalA bana jAtA hai| jIvana kI AvazyakatAe kama thI, usake nirvAha ke sAdhana sulabha the| usa samaya manuSya ko sagraha karane aura dUsaro dvArA adhikRta vastu ko haDapane kI bAta nahIM sUjhI / inake bIja usameM the, para unheM akurita hone kA avasara nahI milaa| ___ jyo hI jIvana kI thor3I AvazyakatAe baDhI, usake nirvAha ke sAdhana kucha durlabha hue ki logo me sagraha aura apaharaNa kI bhAvanA ubhara aaii| jaba taka loga svaya zAsita tha, taba taka bAhara kA zAsana nahI thaa| jyo-jyo svagatazAsana TUTatA gayA, tyo-tyo bAharI gAsana bar3hatA gayA-yaha kArya-kAraNavAda aura eka ke cale jAne para dUsare ke vikasita hone kI kahAnI hai /

Page #15
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa vivAha-paddhati __nAbhi antima kulakara the| unakI patnI kA nAma thaa-'mhdevaa'| unake putra kA janma huaa| unakA nAma rakhA gayA 'usabha' yA 'pabha' / inakA zaizava vadalate hue yuga kA pratIka thaa| yugala ke eka sAtha janma lene aura marane kI sahaja-vyavasthA bhI zithila ho gii| unhI dino eka yugala janmA, thoDe samaya vAda purupa cala vamA / strI akelI raha gii| idhara Rpabha yuvA ho gae / unane paramparA ke atirikta usa kanyA ko svaya vyAhA-yahI se vivAha-paddhati kA udaya huA / isake bAda loga apanI sahodarI ke sivA bhI dUsarI kanyAo se vivAha karane lge| ___ samaya ne karavaTa lI / AvazyakatA-pUti ke sAvana sulabha nahI rhe| yogaliko me krodha, abhimAna, mAyA aura lobha bar3hane lge| hAkAra, mAkAra aura dhikkAranItiyo kA ullaghana hone lagA / samayaM gAsaka kI mAMga huii| kulakara vyavasthA kara anta huA / Rpabha pahale rAjA bane / unhone ayodhyA ko rAjavAnI banAyA / gA~voM aura nagaro kA nirmANa huA / loga araNya-vAsI se haTa bhavana-vAsI vana gae / RSabha kI krAntikArI aura janmajAta pratibhA se loga nae yuga ke nirmANa ko ora cala pdd'e| Rpabhadeva ne una, bhoga, rAjanya aura kSatriya-ye cAra varga sthApita kie| ArakSaka varga 'una' khlaayaa| matrI Adi gAmana ko calAne vAle 'bhoga', rAjA ke samasthiti ke loga rAjanya' aura zepa 'kSatriya' kahalAe / khAdya-samasyA kA samAdhAna kulakara yuga me logoM kI bhojana-sAmagrI thI -kanda, mUla, patra, puSya aura phala' / vaDhatI huI jana-sakhyA ke lie kanda Adi paryApta nahI rahe aura vana-vAsI loga gRha-vAsI hone lge| taba anAja khAnA siikhaa| ve pakAnA nahI jAnate the aura na unake pAsa pakAne kA koI sAvana thaa| ve kaccA anAja khAte the| samaya badalA / kaccA anAja dupAcya ho gyaa| loga Rpabhadeva ke pAsa pahu~ce aura apanI samasyA kA unase samAdhAna maaNgaa| Rpabhadeva ne anAja ko hAyoM se ghisakara khAne kI salAha dii| logo ne vaisA hI kiyA / kucha

Page #16
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa samaya bAda vaha vidhi bhI asaphala hone lgii| RSabhadeva agni kI bAta jAnate the| kintu vaha kAla ekAnta snigdha thaa| vaise kAla meM ani utpanna ho nahIM sktii| ekAnta snigya aura ekAnta rUkSa-dono kAla agni kI utpatti ke yogya nahI hote / samaya ke caraNa Age baDhe / kAla snigdha-rUkSa banA taba vRkSo ko Takkara se agni utpanna huI, vaha phailI / bana jalane lge| logo ne usa apUrva vastu ko dekhA aura usakI sUcanA RSabhadeva ko dii| unane pAtra-nirmANa aura pAka-vidyA sikhAI / khAdya-samasyA kA samAdhAna ho gayA / adhyayana aura vikAsa rAjA RSabhadeva ne apane jyeSTha putra bharata ko 72 kalAe sikhAI / bAhubalI ko prANI kI lakSaNa-vidyA kA upadeza diyA / baDI putrI brAhmI ko 18 lipiyo aura sundarI ko gaNita kA adhyayana kraayaa| dhanurveda, artha-zAstra, cikitsA, krIr3A-vidhi Adi Adi kA pravartana kara logo ko suvyavasthita aura susaskRta banA diyaa| ami kI utpatti ne vikAsa kA srota khola diyaa| pAtra, aujAra, vastra, citra Adi-Adi zilpa kA janma huaa| anna-pAka ke lie pAtra-nirmANa Avazyaka huaa| kRSi, gRha-nirmANa Adi ke lie aujAra Avazyaka the, isalie lohakAra-zilpa kA Arambha huaa| vastra-vRkSo ko kamI ne vastra-zilpa aura gRhAkAra kalpa-vRkSo kI kamI ne gRha-zilpa ko janma diyaa| nakha, keza Adi kATane ke lie nApita-zilla (kSaura-karma ) kA pravartana huaa| ina pAMco zillo kA pravartana agni kI utpatti ke bAda huA / kRSikAra, vyApArI aura rakSaka-varga bhI agni kI uttatti ke bAda bane / kahA jA sakatA hai-agni ne kRSi ke upakaraNa, AyAta-niryAta ke sAdhana aura astra-zastro ko janma de mAnava ke bhAgya ko badala diyA / padArtha baDhe, taba parigraha me mamatA baDhI, sagraha hone lgaa| kauTumbika mamatva bhI baDhA / lokeSaNA aura dhaneSaNA ke bhAva jAga utthe| rAjyataMtra aura daNDanIti kulakara vyavasthA me tIna daNDa-nItiyA~ pracalita huii| pahale kulakara

Page #17
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [7 vimalavAhana ke samaya me 'hAkAra' nIti kA prayoga huA / usa samaya ke manuSya svaya anuzAsita aura lajjAzIla the| "hA ! tUne yaha kyA kiyA," aisA kahanA gurutara daNDa thaa| dUsare kulakara cakSuSmAna ke samaya bhI yahI nIti clii| tIsare aura cauthe-yazasvI aura abhicandra kulakara ke samaya me choTe aparAdha ke lie 'hAkAra' aura bar3e aparAdha ke lie 'mAkAra' ( mata karo ) nIti kA prayoga kiyA gyaa| ___ pAMcaveM, chaThe aura sAtaveM-prazreNi, marudeva aura nAbhi kulakara ke samaya me 'dhikkAra' nIti aura calI / choTe aparAdha ke lie dhikkAra' nIti kA prayoga kiyA gayA / abhI nAbhi kA netRtva cala hI rahA thaa| yugalo ko jo kalpavRkSo se prakRti-middha bhojana milatA thA, vaha aparyApta ho gyaa| jo yugala zAnta aura prasanna the, uname krodha kA udaya hone lgaa| Apasa me laDane-jhagaDane lge| 'dhikkAra' nIti kA ullaghana hone lgaa| jina yugalo ne krodha, laDAI jaisI sthitiyAM na kabhI dekhI aura na kabhI sunI- ve ina sthitiyo se dhabaDA gae / ve mile aura RpabhakumAra ke pAsa pahuce aura maryAdA ke ullaghana se utpanna sthiti kA nivedana kiyA / RSabha ne kahA--"isa sthiti para niyantraNa pAne ke lie rAjA kI AvazyakatA hai|" "rAjA kauna hotA hai ?"---yugalo ne puuchaa| RSabha ne rAjA kA kArya smjhaayaa| zakti ke kendrIkaraNa kI kalpanA unheM dI / yugalo ne kahA-'hama me Apa sarvAdhika samartha hai| Apa hI hamAre rAjA vneN|" RpabhakumAra vole-"Apa mere pitA nAbhi ke pAsa jAiye, unase rAjA kI yAcanA kIjiye / ve Apako rAjA deNge|" ve cale, nAbhi ko sArI sthiti se paricita kraayaa| nAbhi ne RSabha ko unakA rAjA ghopita kiyaa| ve prasanna ho lauTa ge| Rpabha kA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| unhone rAjya-sacAlana ke lie nagara

Page #18
8] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa basAyA / vaha bahuta vizAla thA aura usakA nirmANa devoM ne kiyA thaa| usakA nAma rakhA vinItA-- ayodhyaa| RSabha rAjA bne| zeSa janatA prajA bana gaI / ve prajA kA apanI santAna kI bhaoNti pAlana karane lge| asAdhu logo para zAsana aura sAdhu logo kI surakSA ke lie unhone apanA mantri-maNDala bnaayaa| corI, lUTa-khasoTa na ho, nAgarika jIvana vyavasthita rahe isake lie unhoMne ArakSaka-dala sthApita kiyaa| rAjya kI zakti ko koI cunautI na de sake, isalie unhone caturaMga senA aura senApatiyo kI vyavasthA kI / sAma, dAma, bheda aura daNDa-nIti kA pravartana kiyaa| parimANa-thoDe samaya ke lie najarabanda karanA-krodhapUrNa zabdo me aparAdhI ko 'yahI baiTha jAo' kA Adeza denaa| maNDala-bandha -najarabanda karanA-niyamita kSetra se bAhara jAne kA Adeza denaa| cAraka-kaida me ddaalnaa| chaviccheda-hAtha-paira Adi kATanA / ye cAra daNDa bharata ke samaya me cale / dUsarI mAnyatA ke anusAra iname se pahale do Rpabha ke samaya me cale aura antima do bharata ke samaya / ____ Avazyaka niyukti ( gAthA 217, 218 ) ke anusAra bandha-(beDI kA prayoga ) aura ghAta-(DaDe kA prayoga ) RSabha ke rAjya me pravRtta hue tathA mRtyu-daNDa bharata ke rAjya me claa| ___auSadha ko vyAdhi kA pratikAra mAnA jAtA hai-vaise daNDa aparAdha kA pratikAra mAnA jAne lgaa| ina nItiyo me rAjatantra jamane lagA aura adhikArI cAra bhAgo me ba~Ta ge| ArakSaka-varga ke sadasya 'ugna', mantripariSad ke sadasya 'bhoga', parAmarzadAtrI samiti ke sadasya yA prAntIya pratinidhi 'rAjanya' aura zeSa karmacArI 'kSatriya' kahalAe / RSabha ne apane jyeSTha putra bharata ko apanA uttarAdhikArI cunA / yaha krama rAjyatantra kA aga bana gayA / yaha yugo taka vikasita hotA rhaa|

Page #19
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [e dharma- tIrtha - pravartana karttavya buddhi se loka-vyavasthA kA pravartana kara RSabhadeva rAjya karane lage / bahuta lambe samaya taka ve rAjA rhe| jIvana ke antima bhAga meM rAjya tyAga kara ve muni vane / mokSa-dharma kA pravartana huA / yaugalika kAla meM kSamA, santoSa Adi sahaja dharma hI thA / hajAra varSa kI sAdhanA ke bAda bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko kaivalya-lAbha huA | sAdhu-sAdhvI zrAvaka-zrAvikA - ina cAra tIrtho kI sthApanA kI / muni-dharma ke pA~ca mahAvrata aura gRhastha dharma ke bAraha vrato kA upadeza diyA | sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA sagha banA, zrAvaka-zrAvikAe bhI banI / sAmrAjya - lipsA aura yuddha kA prArambha bhagavAn RSabhadeva karma-yuga ke pahale rAjA the / apane sau putro ko alagaalaga rAjyo kA bhAra saupa ve muni vana gae / sabase baDA putra bharata thA / vaha cakravartI samrAT bananA cAhatA thA / usane apane 66 bhAiyo ko apane adhIna karanA cAhA / sabake pAsa dUta bheje / 68 bhAI mile / Apasa me parAmarza kara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke pAsa pahu~ce / sArI sthiti bhagavAn ke sAmane rakhI / dvividhA kI bhASA me pUchA- bhagavan ! kyA kareM ? bar3e bhAI se lar3anA nahI cAhate aura apanI svatantratA ko khonA bhI nahI cAhate / bhAI bharata lalacA gayA hai / Apake diye hue rAjyo ko vaha vApisa lenA cAhatA hai / hama usase lar3eM to bhrAtR-yuddha kI galata paramparA par3a jAegI / vinA laDe rAjya saupa deM to sAmrAjya kA roga baDha jAegA / parama pitA ! isa dvividhA se ubArie | bhagavAn ne kahA- putro / tumane ThIka socA / laDanA bhI burA hai aura klIva vananA bhI burA hai| rAjya do paro vAlA pakSI hai / usakA majabUta para yuddha hai / usakI uDAna me pahale vega hotA hai anta meM thakAna | vega me se cinagAriyA~ uchalatI hai / uDAne vAle loga usase jala jAte hai / uDane vAlA calatA-calatA thaka jAtA hai / zeSa rahatI hai nirAzA aura anutApa / putro / tumhArI samajha sahI hai / yuddha burA hai - vijetA ke lie bhI aura parAjita ke lie bhI / parAjita apanI sattA ko ga~vA kara pachatAtA hai aura vijetA kucha nahI pA kara pachatAtA hai / pratizodha kI citA jalAne vAlA usame

Page #20
10] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa svayaM na jale-yaha. kabhI nahI hotaa| rAjya rUpI pakSI kA dUsarA para durbala hai| . vaha hai kAyaratA / maiM tumhe kAyara banane kI salAha bhI kaise de sakatA hU~ ? putro / maiM tumhe aisA rAjya denA cAhatA hU~, jisake sAtha lar3AI aura kAyaratA kI kar3iyA~ juDI huI nahI hai|| bhagavAn kI AzvAsana bharI vANI suna ve sAre ke sAre khuzI se jhUma utthe| AzA-bharI dRSTi se ekaTaka bhagavAn kI ora dekhane lge| bhagavAn kI bhAvanA ko ve nahI pakaDa sake / bhautika jagat kI sattA aura adhikAro se pare koI rAjya ho sakatA hai--yaha usako kalpanA me nahI smaayaa| unakI kisI vicitra bhU-khaNDa ko pAne kI lAlasA tIna ho uTho / bhagavAn isIlie to bhagavAn the ki unake pAsa kucha bhI nahI thaa| utsarga kI carama rekhA para pahuMcane vAle hI bhagavAn banate hai / sagraha ke carama vindu para pahu~ca koI bhagavAn vanA ho-aisA eka bhI udAharaNa nahIM hai / bhagavAn ne kahA - sayama kA kSetra nirvAdha rAjya hai| ise lo| na tumhe koI adhIna karane AyegA aura na vahA~ yuddha aura kAyaratA kA prasaMga hai / putro ne dekhA pitA unheM rAjya tyAgane kI salAha de rahe hai / pUrva kalpanA para paTAkSepa ho gayA / akalpita citra sAmane AyA / Akhira ve bhI bhagavAn ke veTe the| bhagavAn ke mArga-darzana kA sammAna kiyA / rAjya ko tyAga svarAjya kI ora cala par3e / isa rAjya kI apanI vizeSatAe hai| ise pAne vAlA saba kucha pA jAtA hai| rAjya kI mohakatA taba taka rahatI hai| jaba taka vyakti svarAjya kI sImA me nahI calA AtA / eka sayama ke binA vyakti sava kucha pAnA cAhatA hai / sayama ke Ane para kucha bhI pAe binA saba kucha pAne kI kAmanA naSTa ho jAtI hai| tyAga zaktizAlI astra hai isakA koii| pratidvandvI nahI hai| bharata kA AkrAmaka dila pasIja gayA / vaha daur3A-daur3A aayaa| apanI bhUla para pachatAvA huaa| bhAiyo se kSamA maaNgii| svatantratA pUrvaka apanA-apanA rAjya samhAlane ko khaa| kintu ve aba rAjya-lobhI samrAT bharata ke bhAI nahI rahe the / ve akiJcana, jagat ke bhAI bana cuke the| bharata kA bhrAtR-prema aba unheM nahI lalacA skaa| ve usakI lAlacI A~kho ko dekha cuke the| isalie usakI

Page #21
kSamA jaina paramparA kA itihAsa gIlI A~kho kA una para koI asara nahI huaa| bharata hAtha malate hue ghara lauTa gyaa| sAmrAjyavAda eka mAnasika pyAsa hai| vaha ubharane ke vAda sahasA nahIM bujhatI / bharata ne eka-eka kara sAre rAjyo ko apane adhIna kara liyaa| vAhubali ko usane nahI chuaa| aTThAnaveM bhAiyo ke rAjya-tyAga ko vaha aba bhI nahI bhUlA thA / antardvandva calatA rhaa| ekachatra rAjya kA sapanA pUrA nahI huaa| asayama kA jagata hI aisA hai, jahA~ sava kucha pAne para bhI vyakti ko akiJcanatA kI anubhUti hone lagatI hai| kSamA " . ___ dUta ke muha se bharata kA sandeza suna bAhubali kI bhRkuTi tana gii| davA huA ropa ubhara AyA / 'kAMpate oTho se kahA-dUta ! bharata aba bhI bhUkhA . hai ? apane aThAnave sage bhAiyo kA rAjya haDapa kara bhI tRpta nahI bnaa| hAya ! yaha kaisI hIna manodazA hai / sAmrAjyavAdI ke lie nipedha jaisA kucha hotA hI nahI / merA vAhu-bala kisase kama hai ? kyA maiM dUsare rAjyo ko nahI har3apa ' sakatA ? kintu yaha mAnavatA kA apamAna va zakti kA durupayoga aura vyavasthA kA bhaga hai| maiM aisA kArya nahI kara sktaa| vyavasthA ke pravartaka hamAre pitA hai| unake putro ko use tor3ane meM lajA kA anubhava honA cAhie / gakti kA prAdhAnya pazu-jagat kA cihna hai / mAnava-jagat me viveka kA prAdhAnya honA cAhie / zakti kA siddhAnta panapA to bacco aura bUDho kA kyA banegA ? yuvaka unheM caTa kara jaaege| rogI, durbala aura apaga ke lie yahA~ koI sthAna nahIM rhegaa| phira to yaha sArA vizva raudra bana jaaegaa| krUratA ke sAthI hai, jvAlA-sphuliMga, tApa aura sarvanAga / kyA merA bhAI abhI-abhI samUce jagat ko sarvanAga kI ora DhakelanA cAhatA hai ? mAkramaNa eka unmAda hai / AkrAntA usase vebhAna ho dUsaro para TUTa paDatA hai / bharata ne aisA hI kiyaa| maiM use cuppI sAdhe dekhatA rhaa| aba usa unmAda ke rogI kA zikAra maiM huuN| hiMsA se hiMsA kI Aga nahI vujhatI-yaha maiM jAnatA huuN| AkramaNa ko maiM abhizApa mAnatA huuN| kintu AkramaNakArI ko sahU~-yaha merI titikSA se pare hai| titikSA manuSya ke udAtta caritra

Page #22
12] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa kI vizeSatA hai| kintu usakI bhI eka sImA hai| maiMne use bhI nibhAyA hai| tor3anevAlA samajhatA hI nahI to Akhira jor3ane vAlA kaba taka jor3e ? ___ bharata kI vizAla senA 'balI' kI sImA para pahu~ca gii| idhara bAhubali apanI choTI-sI senA sajA AkramaNa ko viphala karane A gyaa| bhAI-bhAI ke bIca yuddha chir3a gyaa| svAbhimAna aura svadeza-rakSA kI bhAvanA se bharI, huI bAhubali kI choTI-sI senA ne samrATa kI vizAla senA ko bhAgane ke lie vivaza kara diyaa| samrATa ke senAnI ne phira pUrI taiyArI ke sAtha AkramaNa kiyA / dubArA bhI muha kI khAnI pdd'ii| lambe samaya taka AkramaNa aura bacAva kI lar3AiyAM hotI rhiiN| Akhira donoM bhAI sAmane A khar3e hue| tAdAtmya A~kho para chA gyaa| saMkoca ke ghere meM dono ne apane Apako chipAnA cAhA, kintu dono vivaza the| eka ke sAmane sAmrAjya ke sammAna kA prazna thA, dUsare ke sAmane svAbhimAna kaa| vinaya aura vAtsalya kI maryAdA ko jAnate hue bhI raNa-bhUmi meM utara aaye| dRSTi-yuddha, muSThi-yuddha Adi pAMca prakAra ke yuddha nirNIta hue| una saba me samrATa parAjita huaa| vijayI huA bAhubali / bharata ko choTe bhAI se parAjita honA bahuta cubhA / vaha Avega ko roka na skaa| maryAdA ko toDa bAhubali para cakra kA prayoga kara DAlA / isa apratyAzita ghaTanA se bAhubali kA khUna ubala gyaa| prema kA srota eka sAtha hI sUkha gayA / bacAva kI bhAvanA se vihIna hAtha uThA to sAre sanna raha gye| bhUmi aura AkAza bAhubali kI virudAvaliyo se gUja utthe| bharata apane avicArita prayoga se lajita ho sira jhukAe khaDA rhaa| sAre loga bharata kI bhUla ko bhulA dene kI prArthanA me laga gye| eka sAtha lAkhoM kaNTho se eka hI svara gUMjA-"mahAn pitA ke putra bhI mahAn hote hai / samrATa ne anucita kiyA para choTe bhAI ke hAtha se baDe bhAI kI hatyA aura adhika anucita kArya hogA ? mahAn hI kSamA kara sakatA hai| kSamA karane vAlA kabhI choTA nahIM hotaa| mahAn pitA ke mahAn putra ! hame kSamA kIjie, hamAre samrATa ko kSamA kiijie|" ina lAkho kaNTho kI vinamra svara-lahariyo ne bAhubali ke zaurya ko mArgAntarita kara diyaa| bAhubali ne apane Apako samhAlA / mahAn pitA kI smRti ne vega kA

Page #23
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [13 zamana kiyA / uThA huA hAtha viphala nahI lauTatA / usakA prahAra bharata para nahI huaa| vaha apane sira para lgaa| sira ke bAla ukhADa phaike aura apane pitA ke patha kI ora cala pdd'aa| vinaya vAhubali ke paira Age nahI vddhe| ve pitA ko zaraNa me cale gae para unake pAsa nahI gae / ahakAra ava bhI baca rahA thA / pUrva dIkSita choTe bhAiyo ko namaskAra karane kI bAta yAda Ate hI unake paira ruka ge| ve eka varSa taka dhyAna mudrA meM khar3e rahe / vijaya aura parAjaya kI rekhAe anaginata hotI hai / asatoSa para vijaya pAne vAle vAhuvali aha se parAjita ho ge| unakA tyAga aura kSamA unheM Atma-darzana kI ora le ge| unake aha ne unhe pIche Dhakela diyA / bahuta lambI dhyAna-mudrA ke uparAnta bhI ve Age nahI baDha sake / "ye paira stabdha kyo ho rahe haiM ? saritA kA pravAha ruka kyo rahA hai ? ina caTTAno ko pAra kie vinA sAdhya pUrA hogA ?" ye zabda bAhubali ke kAno ko bIdha hRdaya ko pAra kara ge| vAhubali ne A~kheM kholii| dekhA, brAhmI aura sundarI sAmane khar3I hai / vahino kI vinamra-mudrA ko dekha unakI A~kheM jhuka gaI / avasthA se choTe-baDe kI mAnyatA eka vyavahAra hai| vaha sArvabhauma satya nahI hai / ye mere paira gaNita ke choTe se prazna me ulajha ge| choTe bhAiyo ko maiM namaskAra kaise karUM-isa tuccha cintana me merA mahAn sAdhya vilIna ho gyaa| avasthA laukika mAnadaNDa hai / lokottara jagat me chuTapana aura baDappana ke mAnadaNDa badala jAte hai / ve bhAI mujhase choTe nahI hai / unakA cAritra vizAla hai / mere aha ne mujhe aura choTA banA diyA / aba mujhe avilamba bhagavAn ke pAsa calanA cAhie / paira uThe ki vandhana TUTa par3e / namratA ke utkarSa me samatA kA pravAha baha claa| ve kevalI vana gae / satya kA sAkSAt hI nahI huA, ve svaya satya bana ge| ziva ava unakA sAdhya nahI rahA, ve svaya ziva vana gae / Ananda ava unake lie prApya nahI rahA, ve svaya Ananda bana ge|

Page #24
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 14 ] anAsakta yoga bharata aba asahAya jaisA hI ho gyaa| bhAI jaisA zabda usake lie arthavAn nahI rahA / vaha samrATa banA rahA kintu usakA hRdaya aba sAmrAjyavAdI nahI rahA / padArtha milate rahe para Asakti nahI rahI / vaha udAsIna bhAva se rAjya sacAlana karane lagA / bhagavAn ayodhyA Ae / pravacana huA / eka prazna ke uttara me bhagavAn ne kahA - "bharata mokSagAmI hai / " eka sadasya bhagavAn para bigaDa gayA aura una para putra ke pakSapAta kA Aropa lagAyA / bharata ne use phAMsI kI sajA de dI / vaha ghabar3A gayA / bharata ke pairoM meM gira paDA aura aparAdha ke lie bharata ne kahA - taila bharA kaTorA lie sAre nagara meM dhUma Ao / bU~da nIce na DAlo to tuma chUTa sakate ho / dUsarA koI vikalpa nahI hai / abhiyukta ne vaisA hI kiyaa| bar3I sAvadhAnI se nagara meM ghUma AyA aura samrATa ke sAmane prastuta huA / kSamA mAMgI / taila kI eka samrATa ne pUchA- - nagara meM ghUma Aye ? jI hA~ / abhiyukta ne saphalatA ke bhAva se kahA / samrATa - nagara meM kucha dekhA tumane ? abhiyukta nahI, samrAT ! kucha bhI nahI dekhA / samrATa -kaI nATaka dekhe hoge ? abhiyukta - jI, nahI / mauta ke sivAya kucha bhI nahI dekhA ! samrATa - kucha gIta to sune hoge ? abhiyukta - samrATa kI sAkSI se kahatA hU~ / mauta kI gunagunAhaTa ke sivAya kucha bhI nahI sunA / samrATa -- mauta kA itanA Dara ? abhiyukta - -- samrATa ise kyA jAne ? yaha mRtyu daNDa pAne vAlA hI samajha sakatA hai / samrATa--kyA samrATa amara rahegA ? kabhI nahI / mauta ke mu~ha se koI nahI baca sakatA / tuma eka jIvana kI mauta se Dara gae / na tumane nATaka dekhe aura

Page #25
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 15 na gIta sune| meM mauta kI lambI paramparA se paricita huuN| yaha sAmrAjya mujhe nahI lubhA sktaa| __ samrATa ko karuNApUrNa nA~so ne abhiyukta ko abhaya banA diyaa| mRtyudaDa usake lie kevala nikSA-prada thaa| samrATa kI amaratva-niSThA ne use mauta se sadA ke lie ubAra liyaa| zrAmaNya kI ora samrATa bharata nahAne ko the| snAna-ghara meM gae, agUThI solii| aMgulI ko gobhA ghaTa gii| phira une pahanA, gobhA bar3ha gii| para padArtha se zobhA bar3hatI hai, yaha naundarya nima hai-usa cintana me lage aura lage mahaja saundarya ko DhUMDhane / bhAvanA kA pravAha Age vaTA / parma-mala ko dho ddaalaa| kSagoM me hI muni vane, vItarAga vane aura kevalI bne| bhAvanA kI guddhi ne vyavahAra ko sImA toDa dii| na vepa badalA, na rAja-prAnAda se bAhara nikale phintu inakA mAnarika saMyama inase bAhara nikala gayA aura ve pitA ke patha para cale pdd'e| RSabhadeva ke pazcAt kAla kA cauthA 'dukha-mukhamaya' caraNa aayaa| vyAlIsa hajAra varSa kama eka koDAkoDa sAgara taka rhaa| isa avadhi me karma-kSetra kA pUrNa vikAsa huA aura dharma-sampradAya bhI bahuta phle-phuule| jaina dharma ke vIsa tIrthaGkara aura hue, yaha bArA darzana prAga aitihAsika yuga kA hai| itihAsa ananta-atIta kI caraga-dhUli ko bhI nahI chU sakA hai| vaha pA~ca hajAra varSa ko bhI kalpanA ko A~kha se dekha pAtA hai| saurASTra kI AdhyAtmika cetanA vauddha sAhitya kA janma-kAla mahAtmA buddha ke pahale kA nahI hai| jaina sAhitya kA vizAla bhAga bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrva kA nahI hai| para thoDA bhAga bhagavAn pAvaM kI paramparA kA bhI usI me mizrita hai, yaha bahuta sabhava hai / bhagavAn ariSTanemi kI paramparA kA sAhitya upalatra nahI hai|

Page #26
16] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa upalabdha - vedoM kA astitva 5 hajAra varSa prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai / sAhitya zrIkRSNa ke yuga kA uttaravartI hai / isa sAhityika upalabdhi dvArA kRSNa-yuga taka kA eka rekhA-citra khIcA jA sakatA hai / usase pUrva kI sthiti sudUra atIta meM calI jAtI hai / chAndogya upaniSad ke anusAra zrIkRSNa ke AdhyAtmika guru ghora AMga - rasa RSi the 12 / ra jaina Agamo ke anusAra zrIkRSNa ke AdhyAtmika guru bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi the 13 / ghora AMgirasa ne zrIkRSNa ko jo dhAraNA kA upadeza diyA hai, vaha vicAra jaina- paramparA se bhinna nahI hai / tU akSita-akSaya hai, acyutaavinAzI hai aura prANa- sazita---atisUkSmaprANa haiM / isa trayo ko suna kara zrIkRSNa anya vidyAo ke prati tRSNA-hIna ho gae 14 / vedo meM AtmA kI sthira mAnyatA kA pratipAdana nahI hai / jaina darzana AtmavAda kI bhitti para hI avasthita hai 5 / saMbhava hai ariSTanemi hI vaidika sAhitya meM AMgirasa ke rUpa me ullikhita hue ho athavA ve ariSTanemi ke hI vicAro se prabhAvita koI dUsare vyakti ho / kRSNa aura ariSTanemi kA pArivArika sambandha bhI thA / ariSTanemi samudravijaya aura kRSNa vasudeva ke putra the / samudravijaya aura vasudeva sage bhAI the / kRSNa ne ariSTanemi ke vivAha ke lie prayatna kiyA 6 1 ariSTanemi kI dIkSA ke samaya ve upasthita the / 7 / rAjimatI ko bhI dIkSA ke samaya me unhone bhAvuka zabdo me AzIrvAda diyA 18 / pravrajita huI 20 | kRSNa ke putra kRSNa ke priya anuja gajasukumAra ne ariSTanemi ke pAsa dIkSA lii| kRSNa kI patniyAM ariSTanemi ke pAsa I ariSTanemi ke aura aneka pArivArika loga ariSTanemi ke ziSya bane 2 1 aura kRSNa ke vArtAlApo, praznottarI aura vividha carcAo ke aneka ullekha milate hai 2 1 3 vedo meM kRSNa ke deva rUpa kI carcA nahI hai / chAndogya upaniSad me bhI kRSNa ke yathArtha rUpa kA varNana hai 23 / paurANika kAla me kRSNa kA rUpa - parivartana kRSNa ke yathArtha rUpa kA hotA hai / ve sarva- zaktimAn deva bana jAte hai /

Page #27
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [17 varNana jaina Agamo me milatA hai| ariSTanemi aura unakI vANI se ve prabhAvita the, ise asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| usa samaya saurASTra kI AvyAtmika cetanA phA Aloka samUce bhArata ko Alokita kara rahA thaa|

Page #28

Page #29
19-58 aitihAsika kAla tIrthakara pArzvanAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra janma aura parivAra nAma aura gotra yauvana aura vivAha mahAbhiniSkramaNa sAdhanA aura siddhi tIrtha-pravartana zramaNa-saMgha-vyavasthA nirvANa uttaravartI sagha-paraMparA tIna pradhAna paramparAe~ sampradAya-bheda (nihnava vivaraNa) baharatavAda . jIva prAdezikavAda - avyaktavAda - 2 sAmucchedikavAdadvI kriyavAda - trairAzikavAda / abaddhikavAda - zvetAmbara-digambara sacelatva aura acelatva kA Agraha aura samanvaya dRSTi caityavAsa aura savigna sthAnakavAsI terApatha

Page #30

Page #31
tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha teIsaveM tIryakara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aitihAsika purupa hai / unakA tIrtha pravartana bhagavAn mahAvIra se 250 varSa pahale huA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya taka unakI paramparA avicchinna thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI the / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samaya kI mAMga ko pahacAna paca mahAvata kA upadeza diyaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke ziSya bhagavAn mahAvIra va unake ziSyo se mile, carcAeM kI ora antataH pacayAma 'svIkAra kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrtha me sammilita ho ge| dharmAnanda kausambI ne bhagavAn pArzva ke bAre me kucha mAnyatAe prastuta kI hai : "jyAdAtara pAzcAtya paNDito kA mata hai ki jaino ke 23 veM tIrthakara pArva aitihAsika vyakti the| unake caritra meM bhI kAlpanika bAteM hai / para ve pahale tIrthaMkaro ke caritra me jo bAteM hai, unase bahuta kama hai| pArya kA zarIra 6 hAtha lambA thaa| unakI Ayu 100 varSa kI thii| solaha hajAra sAdhu-ziSya, aDatIsa hajAra sAdhvI-ziSyAeM, eka lAkha causaTha hajAra zrAvaka tathA tIna lAkha unatAlIsa hajAra zrAvikAe inake pAsa thii| ina sava bAto me jo mukhya aitihAsika bAta hai, vaha yaha hai ki cauvIsarve tIrthakara varSamAna ke janma ke eka sau aThahattara sAla pahale pArzva tIrthakara kA parinirvANa huaa| vardhamAna yA mahAvIra tIrthakara vuddha ke samakAlIna the, isa bAta ko sava loga jAnate hai / buddha kA janma varSamAna ke janma ke kama se kama 15 sAla bAda huA hogA / isakA artha yaha huA ki buddha kA janma tathA pArzva tIrthakara kA parinirvANa ina dono meM 163 sAla kA antara thA / marane ke pUrva lagabhaga 50 sAla to pArzva tIrthakara upadeza dete rahe hoge| isa prakAra vuddha-janma ke karIba do sau taitAlIsa varSa pUrva pArzva muni ne upadeza dene kA kAma zurU kiyaa| ninya zramaNo kA sagha bhI pahale-pahala unhIne sthApita kiyA hogaa|

Page #32
22 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa Upara dikhAyA jA cukA hai ki parIkSita kA rAjya-kAla buddha se tIna zatAdiyoM ke pUrva nahI jA sakatA / parIkSita ke bAda janamejaya gaddI para AyA aura usane kuru deza meM mahAyajJa kara vaidika dharma kA jhaNDA phaharAyA / isI samaya kAzI deza me pArzva eka naI saMskRti ko nIva DAla rahe the / pArzva kA janma vArANasI nagara me azvasena nAmaka rAjA kI vAmA nAmaka rAnI se huA / aisI kathA jaina grantho meM AI hai / usa samaya rAjA hI adhikArI, jamIdAra huA karatA thA / isalie aise rAjA ke yaha lar3akA honA koI asambhava bAta nahI hai / pArzva kI naI saMskRti kAzI rAjya meM acchI taraha TikI rahI hogI kyoki buddha ko bhI apane pahale ziSyo ko khojane ke lie vArANasI hI jAnA paDA thA / pArzva kA dharma bilkula sIdhA-sAdhA thA / hisA, asatya, steya tathA parigraha -- ina cAra bAto ke tyAga karane kA upadeza dete the / itane prAcIna kAla me ahiMsA ko itanA sambaddha rUpa dene kA yaha pahalA ho udAharaNa hai / sinAI parvata para mojesa ko Izvara ne jo daza AjJAe ( Ten Comm andments ) sunAI, uname hatyA mata karo, isakA bhI samAvesa thA / para una AjJAo ko sunakara mojesa aura unake anuyAyI pailesTAina me ghuse aura vahA~ khUna kI nadiyA~ bahAI / na jAne kitane logo ko katla kiyA aura na jAne kitanI yuvatI striyo ko pakar3a kara Apasa meM bAMTa liyA / ina bAto ko ahiMsA kahanA ho to phira hiMsA kise kahA jAya ? tAlarya yaha hai ki pArzva ke pahale pRthvI para saccI ahiMsA se bharA huA dharma yA tattva jJAna thA hI nahI / pArzva muni ne eka aura bhI bAta kI / unhone ahiMsA ko satya, asteya aura aparigraha -- ina tIno niyamoM ke sAtha jakar3a diyA / isa kAraNa pahale jo ahisA RSi-muniyoM ke AcaraNa taka hI thI aura janatA ke vyavahAra meM jisakA koI sthAna na thA, vaha aba ina niyamo ke sambandha se sAmAjika eva vyAvahArika ho gaI / pAra muni ne tIsarI bAta yaha kI ki apane navIna dharma ke pracAra ke lie unhone sagha banAe / bauddha sAhitya se isa bAta kA patA lagatA hai ki buddha ke

Page #33
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [23 samaya jo sagha vidyamAna the, una savo me jaina sAdhu aura sAniyo kA saMgha sabase vaDA thaa| pArzva ke pahale brAhmaNo ke bar3e-baDe samUha the, para ve sirpha yana-yAga kA pracAra karane ke lie hI the / yajJa-yAga kA tiraskAra kara umakA tyAga karake jagalo me tapasyA karane vAlo ke sagha bhI the| tapasyA kA eka aga samajha kara hI ve ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana karate the para samAja me usakA upadeza nahI dete the| ve logo se bahuta kama milate-julate the| baddha ke samaya jo zramaNa the, unakA varNana Age kiyA jaaygaa| yahA~ para itanA hI dikhAnA hai ki buddha ke pahale yana-yAga ko dharma mAnane vAle brAhmaNa the aura usake bAda yana-yAga se Uba kara jagalo me jAne vAle tapasvI the| vRddha ke samaya aise brAhmaNa aura tapasvI na the-aimI vAta nahIM hai / para ina do prakAra ke dopo ko dekhane vAle tIsare prakAra ke bhI sanyAsI the aura una logo me pArva muni ke zipyo ko pahalA sthAna denA caahie|' jaina paramparA ke anusAra cAturyAma dharma ke prathama pravartaka bhagavAn ajitanAtha aura antima pravartaka bhagavAn pArzvanAya hai| dUsare tIrthaMkara se lekara teIsaveM tIrthakara taka cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza claa| vevala bhagavAn Rpabhadeva aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ne paca mahAvata dharma kA upadeza diyaa| nignanya zramaNo ke sagha bhagavAn Rpabhadeva se hI rahe hai, kintu ve vartamAna itihAsa kI paridhi se pare hai| itihAsa kI dRSTi se kaumambIjI ko mapravaddhatA samvandhI dhAraNA saca bhI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra saMsAra juA hai / use * khIcane vAle do vaila hai-janma aura mauta / saMsAra kA dUsarA pAzrva hai-mukti / vahA~ janma aura mauta dono nahI / vaha amRta hai| vaha amaratva kI sAdhanA kA mAdhya hai| manuSya kimI sAdhya kI pUrti ke lie janma nahI letA / janma lenA sasAra kI anivAryatA hai| janma lene vAle me yogyatA hotI hai, saskAro kA saMcaya hotA hai| isalie vaha apanI yogyatA ke anukUla apanA mAvya cuna letA hai / jisake jaisA viveka, usake vaisA hI sAdhya

Page #34
24] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa aura vaisI hI sAdhanA-eka tathya hai| isakA apavAda koI nahIM hotaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra bhI isake apavAda nahI the| janma aura parivAra duSamA suSamA ( caturthaara ) pUrA hone meM 74 varSa 11 mahIne 7 // dina bAkI the / grISma Rtu thii| caitra kA mahInA thaa| zuklA trayodazI kI madhyarAtri kI belA thI / usa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| yaha I0 pUrva 566 kI bAta hai / bhagavAn kI mAtA trizalA kSatriyANI aura pitA siddhArtha the| ve bhagavAna pArzva kI paramparA ke zramaNopAsaka the / bhagavAn kI janma-bhUmi kSatriya kuNDanAma nagara thA / vaizAlI, vANijyagnAma, brAhmaNa-kuNDanagara, kSatriya-kuNDagrAma janmabhUmi ke bAre me tIna mAnyatAe hai" / 1-zvetAmbara mAnyatA "prAcIna mAnyatAnusAra lakhIsarAya sTezana se naiRtya dakSiNa meM 18 mIla, sikandarA se dakSiNa me 2 mIla, navAdA se pUrva meM 38 mIla auta jamuI se pazcima meM 14 mIla dUra nadI ke kinAre lachavAr3a gA~va hai, jo licchaviyoM kI bhUmi thii| yahA~ jaina pAThazAlA hai aura bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kA mandira bhI / lachavADa - se dakSiNa meM tIna mIla para nadI kinAre kuDeghATa hai| vahA~ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dIkSA-sthAna para do jaina mandira hai aura bhAyA talahaTI bhI hai| vahA~ se eka devar3A kI, do kiMduA kI, eka sakasa kiyA kI aura tIna cikanA kI-aisI kula sAta pahADI ghATiyA~ hai, jinhe pAra karane para 3 mIla dUra 'janma-sthAna' nAmaka bhUmi hai / vahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kA mandira hai / cikanA ke caDhAva se pUrva me 6 mIla jAne para lodhApAnI nAmaka sthAna AtA hai| vahA~ zItala jala kA jharanA hai, purAnA pakkA kuoM hai, purAne khaDahara hai aura TIlA bhI, jisame se purAnI gajiyA ITeM milatI hai / vAstava meM yahI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma sthAna' hai| jisakA dUsarA nAma 'kSatriyakuDa' hai| kisI bhI kAraNavasa kyo na ho para Aja vahA~ para koI mandira nahI hai balki jahA~ mandira hai, vahA~ 250 varSa pahale bhI vaha thA aura usake pUrva meM 3 kosa para kSakSiyakuDa-sthAna mAnA jAtA thA- yaha usa samaya kI tIrtha-bhUmiyo ke ullekha se barAbara jAna sakate hai|

Page #35
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [25 se varAvara jAna sakate hai| arthAt lodhApAnI kA sthAna hI asalI kSatriyakuDa kI bhUmi hai|" 2-digambara-mAnyatA kaI bAto me digambara-sagha, zvetAmbara-sagha se vilakula alaga mata rakhatA hai / vaise hI kaI eka tIrtha-bhUmiyo ke bAre meM bhI apanA alaga vicAra rakhatA hai| digambara sampradAya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma-sthAna kuMDapura me mAnatA hai para usakA artha 'kuMDalapura' hI karate hai| rAjagRhI va nAlandA ke pAsa AyA kuMDalapura hI unakI vAstavika janma-bhUmi hai / zvetAmbara sagha isa kuMDalapura ko 'baDagA~va' ke nAma se pahacAnatA hai, jisake dUsare nAma gubbaragA~va (guruvara nAma ) tathA kuMDalapura hai| savat 1664 me yahA~ para kula 16 jinAlaya the, kintu Aja kevala eka zvetAmvara jinAlaya, dharmagAlA aura usake vIca kA zrI gautama svAmI kA pAdukA-mandira hai| digambara mAnyatAnusAra nAlandA sTezana se pazcima me 2 mIla para AyA kuMDalapura hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna kSatriyakuNDa hai / 3-pAzcAtya vidvAno kI mAnyatA "pAzcAtya sagovaka vidvad-varga kSatriyakuNDa ke viSaya meM tIsarA hI mata rakhatA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki vaizAlI nagarI, jisakA vartamAna me vesAupaTTI nAma hai athavA usakA upanagara hI vAstavika kSatriyakuNDa hai| sarva prathama uparokta mAnyatA ko DA0 harmana jaikobI tathA DA0 e0 epha0 Ara0 hornale Adi ne karAra diyA tagA purAtattvavettA paDita zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja eva itihAsa-tattva-mahodadhi AcArya zrI vijayendra sUrijI ne eka svara se anumodana kiyaa| phalata yaha mata sazodhita rUpa me adhika vizvasanIya banatA jA rahA hai|" kollAga-sanniveza- usake pArzvavartI nagara aura gAMva the| trizalA dezAlI gaNarAjya ke pramukha ceTaka kI vahana thii| siddhArtha kSatriyakuNDa grAma ke adhipati the| bhagavAna ke bar3e bhAI kA nAma nandivardhana thaa| unakA vivAha ceTaka kI

Page #36
26 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa putrI jyeSThA ke sAtha huA thA / bhagavAn ke kAkA kA nAma supArzva aura baDI bahana kA nAma sudarzanA thA / nAma aura gotra bhagavAn jaba trizalA ke garbha meM Ae, tava se sampadAe~ bar3hI, isalie mAtA-pitA ne unakA nAma vardhamAna rkhaa| vardhamAna jJAta nAmaka kSatriyakula me utpanna hue, isalie kula ke AdhAra para unakA nAma jJAta-putra huA / sAdhanA ke dIrghakAla meM unhone aneka kaSTo kA vIra-vRtti se sAmanA kiyaa| apane lakSya se kabhI bhI vicalita nahI hue| isalie unakA nAma mahAvIra huA 10 / yahI nAma sabase adhika pracalita hai| siddhArtha kazyapa-gotrIya kSatriya the| 1 / pitA kA gotra hI putra kA gotrahotA hai / isalie mahAvIra kazyapa-gotrIya kahalAe / yauvana aura vivAha bAla-krIr3A ke bAda adhyayana kA rAmaya AtA hai| tIrthakara garbha-kAla se hI avadhi-jJAnI hote hai| mahAvIra bhI avadhi-jJAnI the12 | ve paDhane ke lie ge| adhyApaka jo paDhAnA cAhatA thA, vaha unhe jJAta thaa| Akhira adhyApaka ne kahA- Apa svaya siddha hai| Apako par3hane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| yauvana aayaa| mahAvIra kA vivAha huaa| ve sahaja virata the| vivAha karane kI unakI icchA nahI thii| para mAtA-pitA ke Agraha se unhone vivAha kiyaa| digambara-paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra avivAhita hI rhe| zvetAmbarasAhitya ke anusAra unakA vivAha kSatriya kanyA yazodA ke sAtha huA14 / unake priyadarzanA nAma kI eka kanyA huI15 / usakA vivAha sudarzanA ke putra ( apane bhAnaje ) jamAli ke sAtha kiyaa'6| unake eka zeSavatI ( dUsarA nAma yazasvatI) nAma kI dauhitrI-dhevatI huI | ve gRhasthI meM rahe para unakI vRttiyA~ anAsakta pii|

Page #37
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [27 mahAbhiniSkramaNa ve jaba 28 varpa ke hue tava unake mAtA-pitA kA svargavAsa ho gayA / unhone tatkAla zramaNa bananA cAhA para nandivardhana ke Agraha se vaisA ho na skaa| unane mahAvIra se ghara meM rahane kA Agraha kiyaa| ve use TAla na ske| do varSa taka phira ghara me rhe| yaha jIvana unakA ekAnta-viraktimaya viitaa| isa samaya unhone kaccA jala pInA choDa diyA, rAtri-bhojana nahI kiyA aura brahmacArI rahe19 / 36 varSa kI avasthA ne unakA abhiniSkramaNa huaa| ve amaratva kI sAvanA ke lie nikala ge| Aja se saba pApa-karma akaraNIya hai-isa pratijJA ke sAtha ve zramaga vane20 / nAnti unake jIvana kA sAvya thaa| krAnti thA usakA sahacara pariNAma / unhone vAraha varSa taka zAnta, mauna aura dIrgha tapasvI jIvana vitaayaa| sAdhanA aura siddhi jahA~ hita hai, ahita hai hI nahI-aisA dharma kisane kahA ? jahA~ yathArthavAda hai, arthavAda hai hI nahI-aisA dharma kisane kahA ? yaha pUchA-zramaNo ne, brAhmaNo ne, gRhastho ne aura anyAnya dArzaniko ne jambU se aura jambU ne pUchA sudharmA se / yaha prazna ahita se tape aura arthavAda se jbe hue logo kA thaa| jambU bole -gurudeva ! mero jijJAsAeM ubharatI A rahI hai| loga bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma ko gaharI zraddhA se suna rahe hai| unake jIvana ke bAre me vaDe kutUhala bhare prazna pUcha rahe hai| unane mujhame bhI kutUhala bhara diyA hai| maiM unake jIvana kA darzana cAhatA huuN| Apane unako nikaTatA se dekhA hai, sunA hai, nizcaya kiyA hai, isalie meM Apase unake jJAna, zraddhA aura zIla ke bAre me kucha sunanA cAhatA huuN| mudharmA bole-jambU / jisa dharma se dUsare logo ko aura mujhe mahAvIra ke jIvana-darzana kI preraNA milI hai, usakA mahAvIra ke paudgalika jIvana se lagAva nahI hai|

Page #38
28] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa AdhyAtmika jagat me jJAna, darzana, aura zIla kI sagati hI jIvana hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ananta jJAnI, ananta darzanI aura khedajJa the--yaha hai unake yazasvI jIvana kA drshn| jo dUsaro ke kheda ko nahI jAnatA, vaha apane kheda ko bhI nahI jaantaa| jo dUsaro kI AtmA me vizvAsa nahIM karatA, vaha apane Apame bhI vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AtmA ko AtmA se tolaa| ve Atma-tulA ke mUrta-darzana the| unane kheda sahA, kintu kisI ko kheda diyA nhii| isalie ve khedajJa the| unakI khedajJatA se dharma kA ajasra pravAha bahA / __ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana ghaTanA-bahula nahI, tapasyA-bahula hai| ve dIrgha tapasvI the| unakA jIvana-darzana dharma kA darzana hai| dharma unakI vANI kA pravAha nahI hai / vaha unakI sAdhanA se phUTA hai| unane dekhA-Upara, nIce aura bIca me saba jagaha jIva hai| ve cala bhI hai aura acala bhii| ve nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhii| AtmA kabhI anAtmA nahI hotI, isalie vaha nitya hai| paryAya kA vivartta calatA rahatA hai, isalie vaha anitya hai| janma aura mauta usIke do pahalU hai| dono dukha hai, du kha kA hetu viSamatA hai| viSamatA kA bIja hai-rAga aura dvess| bhagavAn ne samatA dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| usakA mUla hai-vItarAga-bhAva / / bhagavAn ne sabake lie eka dharma khaa| vaDo ke lie bhI aura choTo ke lie bhii| bhagavAn ne kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda aura vinayavAda Adi sabhI vAdo ko jAnA aura phira apanA mArga cunA21 / ve svaya-sambuddha the / bhagavAn nignantha banate hI apanI janma-bhUmi se cala pdd'e| hemanta Rtu thA / bhagavAn ke pAsa kevala eka deva-dUSya vastra thaa| bhagavAn ne nahIM socA ki sardI me maiM vaha vastra phnuuNgaa| ve kaSTa-sahiSNu the| teraha mahIno taka vaha vastra bhagavAn ke pAsa rhaa| phira use choDa bhagavAn pUrNa acela ho ge| ve pUrNa asanahI the| kATane vAle kIr3e bhagavAn ko cAra mahIne taka kATate rhe| lahU pIte aura mAMsa khAte rhe| bhagavAn aDola rhe| ve kSamA-zUra the|

Page #39
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 2 bhavagAn prahara- prahara taka kisI lakSya para A~khe TikA dhyAna karate / usa samaya gAMva ke bAla-bacce ubara se A nikalate aura bhagavAn ko dekhate hI hallA macAte, cillAte / phira bhI ve sthira rahate / ve dhyAna- lIna the / bhagavAn ko pratikUla kaNTo kI bhAMti anukUla kaNTa bhI sahane paDate bhagavAn java kabhI janAkIrNa vastI meM Thaharate, unake saundarya se lalacA aneka lalanAyeM unakA prema cAhatI / bhagavAn unheM sAvanA kI bAvA mAna unase paraheja karate / ve stra-pravegI ( Atma-lIna ) the / 1 tAvanA ke lie ekAntavAsa aura mona--ye Avazyaka hai / jo pahale apane ko na sAdhe, vaha dUsaro kA hita nahI sAdha sakatA / svaya apUrNa pUrNatA kA mArga nahIM dikhA sakatA / bhagavAn gRhastho se milanA-julanA chor3a dhyAna karate, pUchane para bhI nahI volate / loga gherA DAlate to ve dUsarI jagaha cale jAte / kaI AdamI bhagavAn kA abhivAdana karate / phira bhI ve unase nahI bolate / kaI AdamI bhagavAn ko mArate-pITate, kintu unheM bhI ve kucha nahI kahate / bhagavAn vaisI kaThoracaryA - jo sabake lie sulabha nahI he, me rama rahe the / bhagavAn asahya kaSTo ko sahate / kaThoratama kaNTo kI ve paravAha nahI karate / vyavahAra-dRSTi se unakA jIvana nIrama thA / ve nRtya aura gIto me jarA bhI nahI lalacAte | daNDa-yuddha, muSThi-yuddha Adi laDAiyA~ dekhane ko utsuka bhI nahI hote / sahaja Ananda aura Atmika cetanya jAgRta nahI hotA, taba taka bAharI upakaraNoM ke dvArA Amoda pAne kI ceSTA hotI hai / jinake caitanya kA pardA khula jAtA hai, sahaja sukha kA srota phUTa paDatA hai - ve nIrasa hote hI nahI / ve sadA samarana rahane hai / bAharI mAcano ke dvArA antara ke nIrasa bhAva ko sarasa banAne kA yatna karanevAle bhale hI usakA mUlya na Aka sake~ / bhagavAn strI-kathA, bhakta kathA, deza kathA aura rAja kathA meM bhAga nahI lete | unheM madhyastha bhAva se TAla dete / ye sAre kaSTa anukUla aura pratikUla, jo sAdhanA ke pUrNa virAma hai, bhagavAn ko lakSya cyuta nahI kara sake /

Page #40
30) jaina paramparA kA itihAsa bhagavAn ne vijAtIya tattvo (pudgala-Asakti ) ko na zaraNa dI aura na unakI zaraNa lI / ve nirapekSa bhAva se jIte rahe / nirapekSatA kA AdhAra vairAgya-bhAvanA hai / rakta-dviSTa AtmA ke sAtha apekSAe~ juDI rahatI hai| apekSA kA artha hai --durbalatA / vyakti kA sabala aura durbala hone kA mApadaNDa apekSAoM kI nyUnAdhikatA hai| bhagavAn zramaNa banane se do varSa pahale hI apekSAo ko ThukarAne lge| sajIva pAnI pInA choDa diyA, apanA akelApana dekhane laga gae, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kI jvAlA ko zAnta kara ddaalaa| samyaga-darzana kA rUpa nikhara utthaa| paudgalika AsthAe hila gaI / bhagavAn ne miTTI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura cara jIvo kA astitva jAnA / unhe sajIva mAna unakI hisA se vilaga ho gae | acara jIva dUsare janma me cara aura cara jIva dUsare janma me acara ho sakate hai / rAga-dveSa se badhe hue saba jIva saba prakAra kI yoniyo me janma lete rahate hai| yaha saMsAra raga-bhUmi hai| isame janma-mauta kA abhinaya hotA rahatA hai / bhagavAn ne isa vicitratA kA cintana kiyA aura ve vairAgya kI dRDha bhUmikA para pahu~ca gae / bhagavAna ne sasAra ke upAdAna ko DhUDha nikaalaa| usake anusAra upAdhi parigraha se badhe hue jIva hI karma-baddha hote hai| karma hI sasAra-bhramaga kA hetu hai / ve karmo ke svarUpa ko jAna unase alaga ho ge| bhagavAn ne svaya ahisA ko jIvana meM utaaraa| dUsaro ko usakA mArga-darzana diyA / vAsanA ko sarva karma-pravAha kA mUla nAna bhagavAn ne strI-saga choDA / ahiMsA aura brahmacarya-ye dono sAdhanA ke AdhArabhUta tattva hai / ahisA avaira sAdhanA hai / brahmacarya jIvana ko pavitratA hai| avaira bhAva ke binA Atma sAmya kI anubhUti aura pavitratA ke binA vikAsa kA mArga-darzana nahIM ho sakatA / isalie bhagavAn ne una para baDI sUkSma dRSTi se manana kiyaa| bhagavAn ne dekhA-bandha karma se hotA hai| unane pApa ko hI nahIM, usake mUla ko hI ukhADa pheNkaa|

Page #41
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [31 bhagavAn apane lie banAyA huA bhojana nahI lete| ve zuddha bhikSA ke dvArA apanA jIvana calAte / mAhAra kA viveka karanA ahiMsA aura brahmacarya - ina dono kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / jIva-hisA kA hetubhUta AhAra jaise sadoSa hotA hai, vaise hI brahmacarya meM bAdhA DAlane vAlA AhAra bhI sadopa hai| AhAra kI mImAsA me ahiMsA-vizuddhi ke bAda brahmacarya kI vizuddhi kI ora dhyAna denA sahaja prApta hotA hai / bhagavAn AhAra-pAnI kI mAtrA ke jAnakAra the| rasa-gRddhi se ve kinArA karate rahe / ve jInanavAra me nahI jAte aura durbhikSa bhojana bhI nahI lete / unane sarasa bhojana kA sakalpa taka nahIM kiyaa| ve sadA anAsakta aura yAtrA-nirvAha ke lie bhojana karate rahe / bhagavAn ne anAzakti ke lie zarIra ko paricaryA ko bhI tyAga rakhA thaa| ve khAja nahI khanate / A~kha ko bhI sApha nahI karate / bhagavAn saga-tyAga kI dRSTi se gRhasya ke pAtra me khAnA nahI khAte aura na unake vastra hI pahanate / bhagavAn kA iNTi-sayama anuttara thA / ve calate samaya idhara-udhara nahI dekhate, pIche nahI dekhate, tulAne para bhI nahIM bolate, sirpha mArga ko dekhate hue calate / bhagavAn prakRti-vijetA the / ve sardI me nage vadana ghUmate / sardI se Dare binA hAtho ko phailA kara calate / bhagavAn aprativandha vihArI the, parivrAjaka the / bIcavIca me zilpa-gAlA, sUnA ghara, jhopaDI, prapA, dukAna, lohakArazAlA, vizrAma gRha, ArAma-gRha, zmazAna, vRkSa-mUla Adi sthAno me Thaharate / isa prakAra bhagavAn vAraha varSa aura sADhe chaha mAsa taka kaThora caryA kA pAlana karate hue AtmasamAdhi meM lIna rahe / bhagavAn sAvanA-kAla meM samAhita ho ge| ve apane-Apa me samA gae / bhagavAn dina-rAta yatamAna rahate / unakA anta karaNa satata kriyAgIla yA AtmAnvepI ho gyaa| bhagavAna apramatta vana gae / ve bhaya aura dopakAraka pravRttiyo se haTa satata jAgarUka bana ge| dhyAna karane ke lie samAvi ( Atma-lInatA yA citta-svAsthya ), yatanA aura jAgarUkatA--ye sahaja-apekSita hai| bhagavAn ne Atmika vAtAvaraNa ko dhyAna ke anukUla banA liyaa| vAharI vAtAvaraNa para vijaya pAnA vyakti ke

Page #42
32] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa sAmarthya kI bAta hai, use badalanA usake sAmarthya se pare bhI ho sakatA hai / Atmika vAtAvaraNa badalA jA sakatA hai| bhagavAn ne isa sAmarthya kA pUrA upayoga kiyaa| bhagavAna ne nIda para bhI vijaya paalii| ve dina-rAta kA adhika bhAga khar3e raha kara dhyAna me vitAte / vizrAma ke lie thoDe samaya leTate, taba bhI nIda nahI lete / jaba kabhI nIda satAne lagatI to bhagavAn phira khaDe hokara dhyAna me laga jAte / kabhI-kabhI to sardI kI rAto me ghaDiyo taka bAhara raha kara nIda TAlane ke lie dhyAna-manna ho jaate| bhagavAn ne pUre sAdhanA-kAla me sirpha eka muhUrta taka nIda lii| zeSa sArA samaya dhyAna aura Atma-jAgaraNa me biitaa| bhagavAn titikSA kI parIkSA-bhUmi the| caDa-kozika saoNpa ne unhe kATa khaayaa| aura bhI saoNpa, nevale Adi sarIsRpa jAti ke jantu unhe satAte / pakSiyo ne unhe nocaa| bhagavAn ko mauna aura zUnya gRha-vAsa ke kAraNa aneka vaSTa jhelane paDe / grAma-rakSaka, rAjapuruSa aura duSkarmA vyaktiyo kA kopa-bhAjana bananA paDA / unane kucha prasagoM para bhagavAn ko satAyA, yAtanA dene kA prayatna kiyaa| bhagavAn abahuvAdI the / ve prAya mauna rahate the| AvazyakatA hone para bhI vizeSa nahIM bolate / ekAntasthAna meM unhe khar3A dekha loga pUchate--tuma kauna ho ? tava bhagavAn kabhI-kabhI bolte| bhagavAn ke mauna se ciDha kara ve unheM satAte / bhagavAn kSamA-dharma ko sva-dharma mAnate hue saba kucha saha lete / ve apanI samAdhi ( mAnasika santulana yA svAsthya ) ko bhI nahI khote / kabhI-kabhI bhagavAn praznakartA ko saMkSipta sA uttara bhI dete / maiM bhikSu hU~, yaha kaha kara phira apane dhyAna meM lIna ho jaate| devo ne bhI bhagavAn ko achUtA nahI choddaa| unane bhI bhagavAn ko ghora upasarga diye / bhagavAn ne gandha, zabda aura sparza sambandhI aneka kaSTa sahe / sAmAnya bAta yaha hai ki kaSTa kisI ke lie bhI iSTa nahI hotA / sthiti yaha hai ki jIvana me kaSTa Ate hai| phira ve priya lage yA na lgeN| kucha vyakti kaSTo ko vizuddhi ke lie varadAna mAna unheM hUMsa-ha~sa jhela lete hai| kucha vyakti

Page #43
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [33 avIra ho jAte hai| adhIra ko kaSTa sahana karanA paDatA hai, dhIra kaSTa ko sahate hai| sAdhanA kA mArga isase aura Age hai / vahA~ kaSTa nimatrita kiye jAte hai| sAdhanAzIla unheM apane bhavana kA dRDha stambha mAnate hai / kaSTa Ane para sAdhanA kA bhavana gira na paDe, isa dRSTi se vaha pahale hI use kaNTo ke khabho para khaDA karatA hai / jo jAna-bUjha kara kaNTo ko nyautA de, use unake Ane para arati aura na Ane para rati nahI ho sktii| arati aura rati-ye dono sAdhanA kI bAdhAe~ hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ina donoM ko pacA lete the| ve madhyastha the| madhyastha vahI hotA hai, jo arati aura rati kI ora na jhuke / bhagavAn tRNa-sparza ko sahate / tinako ke Asana para nage badana baiThate aura leTate aura nage paira calate taba ve cubhate / bhagavAn unakI cubhana se ghabarA kara vastra-dhArI nahI vne| ___ bhagavAn ne gIta-sparza shaa| zigira me java ThaNDI havAe phukAreM mAratI loga unake sparzamAtra se kA~pa uThate, dUsare sAdhu pavana-zUnya (nirvAta ) sthAna kI khoja me laga jAte aura kapar3A pahanane kI bAta socane lagA jAte, kucha tApasa dhUnI tapa sardI se bacate, kucha loga ThiThurate hue kiMvADa ko banda kara vizrAma karate, vaisI kaDI aura asahya sardI me bhI bhagavAn zarIra-nirapekSa hokara khule varAmado aura kabhI-kabhI khule dvAra vAle sthAno meM baiTha use sahate / bhagavAn ne AtApanAeM lI / sUrya ke sammukha hokara tApa sahA / vastra na pahanane ke kAraNa macchara va kSudra jantu kATate / ve use samabhAva se saha lete| bhagavAn ne sAdhanA kI kasauTI cAhI / ve vaise janapado meM gae, jahA~ ke loga jaina sAdhuoM se paricita nahI the 22 / vahA~ bhagavAn ne sthAna aura Asana samvandhI kaSTo ko hasate-hasate sahA / vahA~ ke loga rUkSa-bhojI the, isalie uname krodha kI mAtrA adhika thii| usakA phala bhagavAn ko bhI sahanA pdd'aa| bhagavAn vahA~ ke liye pUrNatayA aparicita the, isalie kutte bhI unheM eka ora se dUsarI ora suvidhApUrvaka nahI jAne dete / bahuta sAre kutte bhagavAn ko ghera lete / taba kucha eka vyakti aise the, jo unako httaate| bahuta se loga aise the

Page #44
34] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa jo kutto ko bhagavAn ko kATane ke lie prerita karate / vahA~ jo dUsare zramaNa the, ve lAThI rakhate, phira bhI kutto ke upadrava se mukta nahI the / bhagavAn ke pAsa apane bacAva kA koI sAdhana nahI thA, phira bhI ve zAntabhAva se vahA~ dhUmate rhe| bhagavAn kA saMyama anuttara thA / ve svastha dazA meM bhI avamaudarya karate ( kama khAte ), roga hone para bhI ve cikitsA nahIM karate, aupadha nahI lete| ve virecana, vamana, taila-mardana, snAna, datauna Adi nahI karate / unakA patha indriya ke kAMTo se abAdha thaa| kama khAnA aura auSadha na lenA svAsthya ke lie hitakara hai / bhagavAn ne vaha svAsthya ke lie nahI kiyA / ve vahI karate jo AtmA ke pakSa meM hotA / unakI sArI kaThoracaryA aatm-lkssii-thii| anna-jala ke binA do dina, pakSa, mAsa, chaha mAsa bitAe / utkTaka, godohikA Adi Asana kie, dhyAna kiyA, kapAya ko jItA, Asakti ko jItA, yaha saba nirapekSa bhAva se kiyA / bhagavAn ne moha ko jItA, isalie ve 'jina' kahalAe / bhagavAn kI apramatta sAdhanA saphala huii| grISma Rtu kA vaizAkha mahInA thA / zukla dazamI kA dina thA / chAyA pUrva kI ora Dhala cukI thii| pichale pahara kA samaya, vijaya muhUrta aura uttarA-phAlgunI kA yoga thA / usa velA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra jabhiyagnAma nagara ke bAhara RjubAlikA nadI ke uttara kinAre zyAma gAthApati kI kRSi-bhUmi me vyAvRta nAmaka caitya ke nikaTa, zAla-vRkSa ke nIce 'godohikA' Asana meM baiThe hue IzAnakoNa kI ora muha kara sUrya kA AtApa le rahe the| __do dina kA nirjala upavAsa thA / bhagavAn zukla dhyAna meM lIna the / dhyAna __ kA utkarSa vaDhA / khapaka zreNI lI / bhagavAn utkrAnta bana ge| utkrAnti ke kucha hI kSaNo me ve Atma-vikAsa kI ATha, nau ora dazavI bhUmikA ko pAra kara gye| bArahavI bhUmikA meM pahuMcate hI unake moha kA bandhana pUrNA zataH TUTa gyaa| ve vItarAga bana gae / terahavI bhUmikA kA praveza-dvAra khUlA / vahA~ jJAnAvaraNa, darzanA varaNa aura antarAya ke sambandha bhI pUrNataH TUTa pdd'e| bhagavAn aba ananta jJAnI, ananta-darzanI aura ananta-vIrya bana ge|

Page #45
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 35 " ava ve sarva loka ke, sarva jIvo ke sarvabhAva jAnane-dekhane lage / unakA sAdhanA-kAla samApta ho cukA / ava ve siddhi-kAla kI maryAdA me pahuMca gae 23| terahaveM varSa ke sAtaveM mahIne me kevalI bana gae / tIrtha - pravarttana bhagavAn ne pahalA pravacana deva paripad me kiyA / deva ati vilAsI hote hai / ve vrata aura sayama svIkAra nahI karate / bhagavAn kA pahalA pravacana niSphala huA / to -- bhagavAn jabhiyagrAma nagara se vihAra kara madhyama pAvApurI padhAre / vahA~ somila nAmaka brAhmaNa ne eka virAT yajJa Ayojana kara rakhA thA / usa anuSThAna kI pUrti ke lie vahA~ indrabhUti pramukha gyAraha vedavid brAhmaNa Aye hue the25 / bhagavAn ko jAnakArI pA uname pANDitya kA bhAva jAgA / indrabhUti uThe / bhagavAn ko parAjita karane lie ve apanI ziSya-sampadA ke sAtha bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa meM Aye / unheM kaI jIva ke bAre me sandeha thA / bhagavAn ne unake gUDha prazna ko svaya sAmane lA rakhA / indrabhUti sahama gae / unheM sarvathA pracchanna apane vicAra ke prakAzana para acaraja huA / unakI antara AtmA bhagavAn ke caraNo me jhuka gaI | bhagavAn ne unakA sandeha-nivartana kiyA / ve uThe, namaskAra kiyA aura zraddhApUrvaka bhagavAn ke ziSya bane / bhagavAn ne unheM chaha jIva- nikAya, pAMca mahAvrata aura paccIsa bhAvanAo kA upadeza diyA 26 / indrabhUti gautama gotrI the / jaina sAhitya me inakA suvizruta nAma gautama hai / bhagavAn ke sAtha inake samvAda aura praznottara isI nAma se upalabdha hote hai / ve bhagavAn ke pahale gaNadhara aura jyeSTha ziSya bane / bhagavAn ne unheM zraddhA kA sambala tarka kA vala dono die / jijJAsA kI jAgRti ke lie bhagavAn ne kahA "jo sazaya ko jAnatA hai, vaha sasAra ko jAnatA hai, jo sazaya ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha sasAra ko nahI jAnatA 7 " 2 isI preraNA ke phalasvarUpa unhe jaba-jaba sarAya huA, kutUhala huA, zraddhA huI bhagavAn ke pAsa pahu~ce aura unakA samAdhAna liyA / 8

Page #46
36] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa tarka ke sAtha zraddhA ko saMtulita karate hue bhagavAn ne kahA- gautama / kaI vyakti prayANa kI velA me zraddhAzIla hote hai aura anta taka zraddhAzIla hI bane rahate hai| kaI prayANa kI velA meM zraddhAzIla hote hai kintu pIche azraddhAzIla bana jAte hai| kaI prayANa kI belA meM sandehazIla hote hai kintu pIche zraddhAzIla bana jAte hai| jisakI zraddhA asamyaka hotI hai, usame acche yA bure sabhI tattva asamyak pariNata hote hai| . jisakI zraddhA samyak hotI hai, usameM samyak yA asamyak sabhI tattva samyak pariNata hote hai29 / isalie gautama | tU zraddhAzIla bana / jo zraddhAzIla hai, vahI medhAvI hai| ___ indrabhUti kI ghaTanA suna dUsare paDito kA krama badha gyaa| eka-eka kara ve saba Aye aura bhagavAn ke ziSya bana gye| una saba ke eka-eka sandeha thA / bhagavAn unake pracchanna sandeha ko prakAza meM lAte gae aura ve usakA samAdhAna pA apane ko samarpita karate ge| isa prakAra pahale pravacana me hI bhagavAn kI ziSya sampadA samRddha ho gii| ____ bhagavAn ne indrabhUti Adi gyAraha vidvAn ziSyo ko gaNadhara pada para niyukta kiyA aura aba bhagavAn kA tIrtha vistAra pAne lgaa| striyo ne pravajyA lii| sAdhvI sagha kA netRtva candanabAlA. ko saupA / Age calakara 14 hajAra sAdhu aura 36 hajAra sAdhviyoM huI / striyo ko sAdhvI hone kA adhikAra denA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA viziSTa manobala thaa| isa samaya dUsare dharma ke AcArya aisA karane meM hicakate the / AcArya vinobA bhAve ne isa prasaga kA bar3e mArmika Dhaga se sparza kiyA hai unake zabdo meM-"mahAvIra ke sampradAya meM-strI-puruSo kA kisI prakAra koI bheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai| puruSo ko jitane adhikAra die gae hai, ve saba adhikAra bahano ko die gae the| maiM ina mAmUlI adhikAro kI bAta nahI karatA hU~, jo ina dino calatA hai aura jinakI carcA Ajakala bahuta calatI

Page #47
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 37 adhikAra prApta karane kI AvazyakatA bhI mahasUsa nahI huI hai / usa samaya aise hogI / parantu maiM to AdhyAtmika adhikAro kI bAta kara rahA hU~ / purupo ko jitane AdhyAtmika adhikAra milate hai, utane hI striyo ko bhI adhikAra ho sakate hai / ina AdhyAtmika adhikAro me mahAvIra ne koI bheda-buddhi nahI rakho, jisake pariNAma svarUpa unake ziSyo me jitane zramaNa the, unase jyAdA zramaNiyA~ thI / vaha prayA Aja taka jaina dharma me calI AI hai / Aja bhI jaina sanyAsinI hotI he / jaina dharma me yaha niyama hai ki sanyAsI akele nahI ghUma sakate hai / do se kama nahIM, aisA sanyAsI aura sanyAsiniyo ke lie niyama hai / tadanusAra do-do vahane hindustAna meM ghUmatI huI dekhate hai / vihAra, mAravADa, gujarAta, kolhApura, karnATaka aura tamilanADa kI tarapha isa taraha ghUmatI huI dekhane ko milatI hai, yaha eka bahuta baDI vizeSatA mAnanI cAhie / mahAvIra ke pIche 40 hI sAla ke bAda gautama buddha hue, jinhone striyo ko sanyAsa denA ucita nahI mAnA / striyo ko sanyAsa dene me dharma- maryAdA nahI rahegI, aisA andAjA unako thA / lekina eka dina unakA ziSya Ananda eka bahana ko le AyA aura buddha bhagavAn ke sAmane use upasthita kiyA aura vuddha bhagavAn se kahA ki "yaha vahana Apake upadeza ke lie sarvathA pAtra hai, aisA maiMne dekha liyA hai | ApakA upadeza arthAt sanyAsa kA upadeza ise milanA cAhie / " to vRddha bhagavAn ne use dIkSA dI / aura bole ki - " he Ananda, tere Agraha aura prema ke lie yaha kAma meM kara rahA hU~ / lekina isase apane sampradAya ke lie eka vaDA khatarA maiMne uThA liyA hai / " aisA vAkya buddha bhagavAn ne kahA aura vaisA pariNAma vAda me AyA bhI / vauddho ke itihAsa me buddha ko jisa khatare kA andezA thA, vaha pAyA jAtA hai / yadyapi boddha dharma kA itihAsa parAkramagolI hai / usame dopa hote hue bhI vaha deza ke lie abhimAna rakhane ke lAyaka hai / lekina jo Dara buddha ko thA vaha mahAvIra ko nahI thA, yaha dekhakara Azcarya hotA hai / mahAvIra niDara dIkha par3ate he / isakA mere mana para bahuta asara hai / isIlie mujhe mahAvIra kI tarapha vizeSa AkarSaNa hai / buddha kI mahimA bhI bahuta hai / sArI duniyA

Page #48
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa me unakI karuNA kI bhAvanA phaila rahI hai, isIlie unake vyaktitva meM kisI prakAra ko nyUnatA hogI, aisA maiM nahI mAnatA huuN| mahApuruSo kI bhinna-bhinna vRttiyA~ hotI hai, lekina kahanA par3egA ki gautama buddha ko vyAvahArika bhUmikA chU sakI aura mahAvIra ko vyAvahArika bhUmikA chU nahI skii| unhone strI-puruSo me tattvataH bheda nahI rakhA / ve itane dRDhapratijJa rahe ki mere mana meM unake lie eka vizeSa hI Adara hai / isI me unakI mahAvIratA hai| rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa ke sampradAya meM strI sirpha eka hI thI aura vaha thI zrI zAradA devI, jo rAmakRSNa paramahasa kI palI thI aura nAmamAtra kI hI patnI thI / vaise to vaha unakI mAtA hI ho gaI thI aura sampradAya ke sabhI bhAiyo ke lie vaha mAtR-sthAna meM hI thI / parantu unake sivA aura kisI strI ko dIkSA nahI dI gii| ____ mahAvIra svAmI ke bAda 2500 sAla hue, lekina himmata nahI ho sakatI thI ki bahano ko dIkSA de / maiMne sunA ki cAra sAla pahale rAmakRSNa paramahasa maTha me striyo ko dIkSA dI jAya - aisA taya kiyA gyaa| strI aura puruSa kA Azrama alaga rakhA jAya, yaha alaga bAta hai lekina aba taka striyo ko dIkSA hI nahI milatI thI, vaha aba mila rahI hai / isa para se aMdAja lagatA hai ki mahAgIra ne 2500 sAla pahale use karane meM kitanA bar3A parAkrama kiyA / ___gRhasya upAsaka aura umAsikAe~, zrAvaka aura zrAvikAe~ kahalAe / Ananda Adi 10 pramukha zrAvaka bane / ye bAraha natI the| inakI jIvana-caryA kA varNana karane vAlA eka aga ( upAsaka dazA ) hai / jayantI Adi zrAvikAe~ thI, jinake praur3ha tattva-jJAna ko sUcanA bhagavatI se milatI hai 3deg / dharma-ArAdhanA ke lie bhagavAna kA tIrtha sacamuca tIrtha bana gayA / bhagavAn ne tIrtha catuSTaya ( sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA ) ko sthApanA kI, isalie ve tIrthaMkara khlaae| zramaNa-saMgha-vyavasthA bhagavAna ne zramaNa-sagha kI bahuta hI sudRr3ha vyavasthA kii| anuzAsana kI

Page #49
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [36 dRSTi se bhagavAn kA saMgha sarvopari thaa| pAMca mahAvrata aura vrata-ye mUla guNa the| inake atirikta uttara guNo kI vyavasthA kii| vinaya, anuzAsana aura Atma-vijaya para adhika bala diyaa| vyavasthA kI dRSTi se zramaNa-saMgha ko 11 yA 6 bhAgo me vibhakta kiyA / pahale sAta gaNadhara sAta gaNo ke aura AThaveM, nave, dagave, tathA gyArahaveM kramaza AThaveM aura naveM gaNa ke pramukha the| ___ gaNo kI sAraNA-vAraNA aura zikSA dIkSA ke lie pada nizcita kie| (1) AcArya (2) upAnyAya (3) sthavira (4) pravartaka (5) gaNI (6) gaNadhara (7) gnnaavcchedk| sUtra ke ayaM kI vAcanA denA aura gaNa kA sarvopari sacAlana kA kArya AcArya ke jimme thaa| sUtra kI vAcanA denA, zikSA kI vRddhi karanA upAdhyAya ke jimme thaa| zramaNo ko sayama me sthira karanA, zrAmaNya se Digate hue zramaNo ko punaH sthira karanA, unakI kaThinAiyo kA nivAraNa karanA sthavira ke jimme thaa| AcArya dvArA nirdiSTa dharma-pravRttiyo tathA sevA-kArya me zramaNo ko niyukta karanA pravartaka kA kArya thA / zramaNo ke choTe-choTe samUho kA netRtva karanA gagI kA kArya thaa| zramaNo kI dinacaryA kA dhyAna rakhanA-gaNaghara kA kArya aa| dharma-zAsana bhI prabhAvanA karanA, gaNa ke lie vihAra va upakaraNo kI khoja tathA vyavasthA karane ke lie kucha sAghuo ke mAtha sagha ke Age-Age calanA, gaNa kI sArI vyavasthA kI cintA karatrA gaNAvacchedaka kA kArya thA 34 | inakI yogyatA ke lie vizepa mAnadaNDa sthira kie| inakA nirvAcana nahI hotA thaa| ye AcArya dvArA niyukta kie jAte the| kintu sthaviro kI sahamati hotI thI 35 // nirvANa bhagavAn tIsa varSa kI avasthA me zramaNa vane / sADhe vAraha varSa taka tapasvI jIvana vitaayaa| tIsa varSa taka dharmopadeza kiyaa| bhagavAn ne kAzI, kozala, pacAla, kaliga, kamboja, kuru-jAMgala, vAhalIka, gAMdhAra, siMdhu sauvIra Adi dezo me vihAra kiyaa|

Page #50
40] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa bhagavAn ke caudaha hajAra sAdhu aura 36 hajAra sAdhviyA~ bnii| nandI ke anusAra bhagavAn ke caudaha hajAra sAdhu prakIrNakAra the 36, isase jAna paDatA hai, sarva sAdhuo kI sakhyA aura adhika ho| 1 lAkha 56 hajAra zrAvaka 37 aura 3 lAkha 18 hajAra zrAvikAeM thI 38 / yaha vratI dhAvaka zrAvikAo kI sakhyA pratIta hotI hai| jaina dharma kA anugamana karane vAlo kI sakhyA isase adhika thI, aisA sambhava hai| bhagavAn ke upadeza kA samAja para vyApaka prabhAva huaa| unakA krAnti-svara samAja ke jAgaraNa kA nimitta bnaa| usakA vivaraNa isI khaNDa ke antima adhyAya me mila skegaa| vi0 pU0 470 ( I0 pU0 527 ) pAvApura me kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA ko bhagavAn kA nirvANa huaa| uttaravartI saMgha-paramparA bhagavAna ke nirvANa ke pazcAt sudharmA svAmI aura jambU svAmI-ye do.. AcArya vevalI hue| prabhava, zayyambhava, yazobhadra, sambhUtivajaya, bhadrabAhu aura sthUlabhadra-ye chaha AcArya 'zruta-kevalI' hue 39 (1) mahAgiri (2) suhastI () guNasundara (4) kAlakAcArya (5) skandilAcArya (6) revatimitra (7) magu (8) dharma (9) candragupta (10) Aryavana-ye dasa pUrvadhara hue| tIna pradhAna paramparAe~ - (1) gaNadhara-vaza / (2) vAcaka-vaMza-vidyAdhara-vaza (3) yuga-pradhAna AcArya suhastI taka ke AcArya gaNanAyaka aura vAcanAcArya vono hote the| ve gaNa kI sAra-samhAla aura gaNa kI zaikSaNika vyavasthA-ina dono ke uttaradAyitvo ko nibhAte the| AcArya suhastI ke bAda ye kArya vibhakta ho ge| cAritra kI rakSA karane vAle 'gaNAcArya' aura zrutajJAna kI rakSA karane vAle 'vAcanAcArya' khlaae| gaNAcAryo kI paramparA ( gaNadharavaza ) apane 2 gaNa ke gurU-ziSya krama se calatI hai| vAcanAcAryo aura yuga-pradhAno kI paramparA eka hI gaNa se sambandhita nahI hai| jisa kisI bhI gaNa yA zAkhA meM

Page #51
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [41 eka ke bAda dUsare samartha vAcanAcArya va yuga-pradhAna AcArya hue hai, unakA krama joDA gayA hai| AcArya suhastI ke bAda bhI kucha AcArya gaNAcArya aura vAcanAcArya dono hue hai / jo AcArya vizepa lakSaNa-sampanna aura apane yuga me sarvopari prabhAvazAlI hue, unhe yuga-pradhAna mAnA gayA / ve gaNAcArya aura vAcanAcArya dono me se hue hai| himavaMta kI sthavirAvali ke anusAra vAcaka-vaza yA vidyAdhara-vaza kI paramparA isa prakAra hai40 / (1) AcArya suhastI (2) Arya bahula aura valisaha (3) AcArya ( umA ) svAti (4) AcArya zyAmAcArya (5) AcArya sAMDilya yA skandila (vi0 sa0 376 se 414 taka yuga-pradhAna) (6) AcArya samudra (7) AcArya magusUri (8) AcArya nandilasUri (E) AcArya nAgahastIsUri (10) AcArya revatimitra (11) AcArya siMhasUri (12) AcArya skandila ( vi0 sa0 826 vAcanAcArya ) (13) AcArya himavanta kSamAzramaNa (14) AcArya nAgArjunasUri (15) AcArya bhUtadinna (16) AcArya lohityamUri (17) AcArya duSyagaNI ( nandI sUtra me itane hI nAma hai ) (18) AcArya devavAcaka ( devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ) (16) AcArya kAlikAcArya ( caturtha) (20) AcArya satyamitra (antima pUrvavid )

Page #52
148 42 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa dussama-kAla-samaNa-saMghatthava aura vicAra-zreNI ke anusAra 'yuga-pradhAna paTTAvalI' aura samaya : (1) AcAryoM ke nAma samaya ( vIra nirvANa se) 1-gaNadhara sudharmA svAmI 1 se 20 6-AcArya jambU svAmI 20 se 64 3 - AcArya prabhava svAmI 64 se 75 4- AcArya zayyabhavasUri 75 se 18 5---AcArya yazobhadrasUri 6-AcArya saMbhUtivijaya 148 se 156 7-AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI 156 se 170 8-AcArya sthUlabhadra 170 se 215 -AcArya mahAgiri 215 se 245 10- AcArya suhastisUri 245 se 261 11-AcArya guNamundarasUri 261 se 335 12-AcArya zyAmAcArya 335 se 376 13-AcArya skandila 376 se 414 14---AcArya revatimitra 414 se 450 15-~-AcArya dharmasUri 450 se 465 16-AcArya bhadraguptasUri 465 se 533 17-AcArya zrI guptasUri 533 se 548 18-AcArya vajrasvAmI 548 se 58416-AcArya AryarakSita 584 se 567 20-AcArya durbalikApuSyamitra 597 se 617 21-AcArya vajrasena sUri 617 se 620 22-AcArya nAgahastI 620 se 686 23- AcArya revatimitra 686 se 748 24-AcArya siMhamUri 748 se 126 25-AcArya nAgArjunasUri 826 se 104

Page #53
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 26-AcArya bhUtadinna sUri 904 se 683 27-AcArya kAlika sUri ( caturtha ) 983 se 164 28-AcArya satyamitra 664 se 1000 26-AcArya hArilla 1000 se 1055 30-AcArya jinabhadragagi-kSamAzramaNa 1055 se 1115 31--AcArya ( umA ) svAti sUri 1115 se 1160 32-AcArya puSyamitra 1160 se 1250 33-AcArya sabhUti 1250 se 1300 34~-AcArya mAThara sabhUti 1300 se 1360 35---AcArya dharma-Rpi 1360 se 1400 36-AcArya jyeSThAMgagaNI 1400 se 1471 37-AcArya phalgumitra 1471 se 1520 38-AcArya dharmaghopa 1520 se 1598 (2) vAlabhI-yugapradhAna-paTTAvalI 1-Arya sudharmA svAmI 2-AcArya jambU svAmI 44 varSa 3-AcArya prabhava svAmo 4=AcArya zavyabhava 23 varSa 5-nAcArya yazobhadra 50 varpa 6-AcArya sambhUtivijaya 7-AcArya bhadrabAhu 14 varSa -AcArya sthUlabhadra 46 varSa 6-AcArya mahAgiri 30 varpa 10-AcArya suhastI 45 varpa 11-AcArya guNasundara 44 varSa 12-AcArya kAlakAcArya 41 varSa 13-AcArya skandilAcArya 14-AcArya revatimitra 20 varSa 11 varSa 8 varSa 38 varSa 36 varSa

Page #54
va 44 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 15--AcArya maMgu 20 varSa 16-AcArya dharma 24 varSa 17-AcArya bhadragupta 41 varSa 18-AcArya Aryavajra 36 varpa 19-AcArya rakSita 20-AcArya puSyamitra 21-AcArya vajrasena 22-AcArya nAgahastI 23-AcArya revatimitra 24-AcArya siMhasUri 78 varSa 25---AcArya nAgArjuna 78 varpa 26-AcArya bhUtadinna 76 varSa 27-AcArya kAlakAcArya 11 varSa kula 681 varSa (3) mAthurI-yugapradhAna-paTTAvalI 1-Arya sudharmA svAmI 14---AcArya sAMDitya 2--AcArya jambU svAmI 15-AcArya samudra 3-AcArya prabhava svAmI 16-AcArya maMgu 4-AcArya zayyabhava 17-AcArya Aryadharma 5-AcArya yazobhadra 18=AcArya bhadragupta 6-prAcArya sambhUta vijaya 16-AcArya vajra 7-AcArya bhadravAhu 20-AcArya rakSita 8-AcArya sthUlabhadra 21-AcArya Anandila E-AcArya mahAgiri 22-AcArya nAgahastI 10-AcArya suhastI 23--AcArya revatimitra 11-AcArya balisaha 24---AcArya brahma-dIpaka siMha 12-AcArya svAti 25-AcArya skandilAcArya 13-AcArya zyAmAcArya 26--AcArya himavata

Page #55
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [45 27-AcArya nAgArjuna 30--AcArya lauhitya 28-AcArya govinda 31-AcArya dUSyagaNi 26-AcArya bhUtadinna 32-AcArya devaddhigaNi sampradAya bheda (nihnava vivaraNa) vicAra kA itihAsa jitanA purAnA hai, lagabhaga utanA hI purAnA vicArabheda kA itihAsa he / vicAra vyakti-vyakti kI hI upaja hotA hai, kintu sagha me ruDa hone ke bAda saghIya kahalAtA hai| tIrthakara vANI jaina-sagha ke lie sarvopari pramANa hai / vaha pratyakSa darzana hai, isalie usame tarka kI karkazatA nahI hai| vaha tarka se bAdhita bhI nahI hai / vaha sUtra-rUpa hai| usakI vyAkhyA me tarka kA lacIlApana AyA hai| bhASyakAra aura TIkAkAra pratyakSadarzI nahI the| unhone sUtra ke Agaya ko paramparA se smjhaa| kahI samajha meM nahIM AyA, hRdayagama nahI huA to apanI yukti aura jor3a dii| lambe samaya me aneka sampradAya bana ge| zvetAmbara aura digambara jaise zAsana bheda hue| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya me kucha zramaNa vastra pahanate, bhI kucha nahI pahanate / bhagavAn svaya vastra nahI pahanate the| vastra pahanane se mukti hotI hI nahI yA vastra nahI pahanane se hI mukti hotI hai, ye dono bAte gauNa hai---mukhya bAta hai---rAga dvepa se mukti / jaina paramparA kA bheda mUla tattvo kI apekSA jArI vAto yA goNa prazno para adhika TikA huA hai| ___ gogAlaka jaina-paramparA se sarvathA alaga ho gayA, isalie use nihnava nahIM mAnA gyaa| thoDe se mata-bheda ko lekara jo jaina zAsana se alaga hue, unheM nihnava mAnA gayA / bahuratavAda (1) jamAlI pahalA nihnava thA / vaha kSatriya-putra aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dAmAda thA / mA~-bApa ke agAdha pyAra aura atula aizvarga ko ThukarA vaha nirganya vanA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne svaya use pravrajita kiyA / pA~ca sau vyakti usake sAtha the| muni jamAlI ava Age baDhane lgaa| jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA me apane-Apa ko lagA diyaa| sAmAyika Adi gyAraha aga

Page #56
46] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa paDhe / vicitra tapa-karma - upavAsa, belA, telA yAvat' arddha mAsa aura mAsa kI tapasyA se AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue vihAra karane lgaa| eka dina kI bAta hai, jJAnI aura tapasvI jamAlI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa aayaa| vandanA kI, namaskAra kiyA aura bolA-bhagavan / maiM ApakI abhyanujJA pA kara pA~ca sau nignantho ke sAtha janapada vihAra karanA cAhatA huuN| bhagavAn ne jamAlI kI bAta sunalI / use Adara nahI diyA / mauna rahe / jamAlo ne dubArA aura tibArA apanI icchA ko dohraayaa| bhagavAn pahale kI bhaoNti mauna raheM / jamAlI uThA / bhagavAn ko vandanA kI, namaskAra kiyaa| bahuzAlA nAmaka caitya se niklaa| apane sAthI pA~ca sau nignanyo ko le bhagavAna se alaga vihAra karane lgaa| zrAvastI ke koSThaka caitya me jamAlI ThaharA huA thaa| sayama aura tapa kI sAdhanA cala rahI thii| nigna nya-zAsana kI kaThoracaryA aura vairAgyavRddhi ke kAraNa vaha arasa-virasa, anta-prAnta, rUkhA-sUkhA, kAlAtikrAnta, pramANAtikrAnta AhAra letaa| usase jamAlI kA zarIra rogAtaka se ghirA gyaa| ujjvala - vipula vedanA hone lgii| karkaza-kaTu du.kha udaya me aayaa| pittajvara se zarIra jalane lgaa| ghoratama vedanA se pIr3ita jamAlI ne apane sAdhuo se kahA-devAnupriya / bichaunA kro| sAdhuo ne vinayAvanata ho use svIkAra kiyaa| bichaunA karane lge| vedanA kA vega baDha rahA thaa| eka-eka pala bhArI ho rahA thaa| jamAlI ne adhIra svara se pUchA-merA bichaunA bichA diyA yA bichA rahe ho? zramaNo ne uttara diyA-devAnupriya / ApakA bichaunA kiyA nahI, kiyA jA rahA hai| dUsarI bAra phira pUchA-devAnupriya / bichaunA kiyA yA kara rahe ho ? zramaNa nignantha hole-devAnupriya ! ApakA bichaunA kiyA nahI, kiyA jA rahA hai| isa uttara ne vedanA se adhIra bane jamAlI ko caukA diyaa| zArIrika vedanA kI Takkara se saiddhAntika dhAraNA hila utthii| vicAro ne mor3a liyA / jimAlI socane lagA--bhagavAn calamAna ko calita, udIryamANa ko udarita yAvat ni|ryamANa ko nirjIrNa kahate hai, vaha mithyA hai| yaha sAmane dikha rahA hai / mairA bichaunA bichAyA jA rahA hai, kintu bichA nahI hai / isalie kriyamANa akRta, sastIrNamANa asaMstRta hai

Page #57
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [47 kiyA jA rahA hai kintu kiyA nahI gayA hai, vichAyA jA rahA hai kintu bichA nahIM hai--kA siddhAnta sahI hai / isake viparIta bhagavAn kA kriyamANa kRta aura saMstIryamANa sastRta-karanA zurU huA, vaha kara liyA gayA, bichAnA zurU kiyA, vaha vichA liyA gayA-yaha siddhAnta galata hai / calamAna ko calita, yAvat nirjIryamANa ko nirjIrNa mAnanA mithyA hai / calamAna ko acalita yAvat nirjIyamANa ko anirjIrNa mAnanA sahI hai| bahuratavAda-kArya kI pUrNatA hone para use pUrNa kahanA hI yathArya hai / isa saiddhAntika uthala-puthala ne jamAlI kI zarIra vedanA ko nirvIrya banA diyA / usane apane sAdhuo ko bulAyA aura apanA sArA mAnasika Andolana kaha sunAyA / zramaNo ne Azcarya ke sAtha sunaa| jamAlI bhagavAn ke siddhAnta ko mithyA aura apane paristhiti-janya aparipakva vicAra ko satya batA rahA hai / mAthe-mAthe kA vicAra alaga-alaga hotA hai| kucheka zramako ko jamAlI kA vicAra rucA, mana ko bhAyA, usa para zraddhA jmii| ve jamAlI kI zaraNa meM rahe / kucha eka jinhe jamAlI kA vicAra nahI jacA, usa para zraddhA yA pratIti nahI huI, ve bhagavAn kI zaraNa me cale gae / thor3A samaya vItA / jamAlI svastha huA / zrAvastI se calA / eka gAMva se dUsare gAMva vihAra karane lagA / bhagavAn una dino cammA ke pUrNabhadra-caitya me virAja rahe the / jamAlI vahA~ aayaa| bhagavAn ke pAsa baiThakara bolA-devAnupriya ! Apake bahuta sAre ziSya asarvajJa-dazA meM gurukula se alaga hote hai (chadamasthApakramaNa karate hai ) / vaise maiM nahI huA huuN| maiM sarvajJa ( arhat, nina, kevalI ) hokara Apa se alaga huA huuN| jamAlI ko yaha bAta sunakara bhagavAn ke jyeSTha antevAsI gautama svAmI bole-jamAlI / sajJa kA jJAna-darzana zaila-stambha aura stUpa se ruddha nahIM hotaa| jamAlI ! yadi tuma sarvajJa hokara bhagavAn se alaga hue ho to loka zAzvata hai yA azAzvata ? jIva zAzvata hai yA azAzvata ? ina do prazno kA uttara do / gautama ke prazna suna vaha zakita ho gyaa| unakA yathArtha uttara nahI de skaa| mauna ho gyaa| bhagavAn bole-'jamAlI / mere aneka chadmastha ziSya bhI merI bhAMti prazno kA uttara dene meM samartha hai| kintu tumhArI bhAMti apane Apako sarvajJa kahane me samarya nahI hai|

Page #58
48] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa jamAlI ! yaha loka zAzvata bhI hai aura azAzvata bhI / loka kabhI nahIM thA, nahI hai, nahI hogA-aisA nahI hai / kintu yaha thA, hai aura rahegA / isalie yaha zAzvata hai| avasarpiNI ke bAda utsarpiNI hotI hai| utsarpiNI ke bAda phira avasarpiNI-isa kAla-cakra kI dRSTi se loka azAzvata hai| isI prakAra jIva , bhI zAzvata aura azAzvata dono hai / kAlika sattA kI dRSTi se vaha zAzvata hai| vaha kabhI nairayika bana jAtA hai, kabhI tiryaJca, kabhI manuSya aura kabhI deva / isa rUpAntara kI dRSTi se vaha azAzvata hai / " jamAlI ne bhagavAn kI bAteM sunI para ve acchI nahI lgii| una para zraddhA nahI huI / vaha uThA, bhagavAn se alaga calA gayA / mithyA-prarUpaNA karane lagA-jhUThI bAteM kahane lagA / mithyA-abhiniveza (ekAnta Agraha ) se vaha AgrahI bana gayA / dUsaro ko bhI AgnahI banAne kA jI bhara jAla racA / bahuto ko jhagaDAkhora bnaayaa| isa prakAra kI carcA calatI rhii| lambe samaya taka zramaNa veza me sAdhanA kI / anta kAla meM eka pakSa kI salekhanA kI / tIsa dina kA anasana kiyA / kintu mithyA-prarUpaNA yA jhUThe Agraha ko AlocanA nahI kI, prAyazcitta nahI kiyA / isalie Ayu pUrA hone para vaha lAntakakalpa (chaThe deva loka) ke nIce kilviSika ( nimna zreNI kA ) deva banA / gautama ne jAnA-jamAlI mara gayA hai / ve utthe| bhagavAna ke pAsa Aye, vandanA-namaskAra kara bole- bhagavAn / ApakA antevAsI kuziSya jamAlI mara phara kahA~ gayA hai ? kahA~ utpanna huA hai ? bhagavAn bole-gautama / vaha kilviSika deva banA hai| gautama-bhagavAn / kina karmoM ke kAraNa kilviSika deva-yoni milatI hai ? bhagavAn-gautama ! jo vyakti AcArya, upAdhyAya, kula, gaNa aura sagha ke pratyanIka (vidvaSI ) hote hai, AcArya aura upAdhyAya kA apayaza bakhAnate hai, avarNa bolate hai aura akIrti gAte hai, mithyA pracAra karate hai, ekAnta AgrahI hote hai, logo meM pAMDitya ke mithyAbhimAna kA bhAva bharate hai, ve sAdhupana kI virAdhanA kara kilvipika deva banate hai| (gautama-bhagavAn ! jamAlI aNagAra arasa-virama, anta-prAnta, rUkhA

Page #59
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 4e vaha arasa-jIvI yAvat tuccha jIvI thA / upazAnta sukhA AhAra karatA thA / jIvI, prazAnta-jIvI aura vivikta-jIvI thA 1 ) bhagavAn - hA~ gautama | vaha aisA thA / 1 gautama - to phira bhagavan / vaha kilvipika deva kyoM banA ? bhagavAn - gautama / jamAlI aNagAra AcArya aura upAdhyAya kA pratyanIka thA / unakA yaza vakhAnatA, avarNa bolatA aura akIrti gAtA thA / ekAntaAggraha kA pracAra karatA aura logo ko mithyAbhimAnI banAtA thA / isalie vaha sAdhupana kA ArAdhaka nahIM banA / jIvana kI antima ghar3iyo me bhI usane mithyA svAna kA Alocana aura prAyazcita nahI kiyA / yahI hetu he gautama ! vaha tapasvI aura vairAgI hote hue bhI kilvipika deva banA / salekhanA aura anAna bhI use ArAdhaka nahIM banA sake / gautama - bhagavAn / jamAlI devaloka se lauTa kara kahA~ utpanna hogA ? bhagavAn gautama / jamAlI deva, aneka bAra tiyaMca, manuSya aura deva -gati mai janma legA / sasAra-bhramaNa karegA / dIrghakAla ke bAda sAdhupana le, karma khapA siddha-buddha-mukta hogA | jIva prAdezikavAda (2) dUsare nihnava kA nAma tipyagupta hai / inake AcArya vastu caturdazapUrvI I the / ve tipyagupta ko Atma-pravAda- pUrva paDhA rahe the / usame bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama kA samvAda AyA / gautama ne pUchA - bhagavAn / vayA jIva ke eka pradeza ko jIva kahA jA sakatA hai ? bhagavAn -- nahI / 1 gautama - bhagavAn | kyA do, tIna yAvat sakhyAta pradeza se kama jIva ke pradezo ko jIva kahA jA sakatA hai ? bhagavAn - nahIM / asasyAta pradezamaya caitanya padArtha ko hI jIva kahA jA sakatA hai / / yaha suna tiSyagupta ne kahA - antima pradeza ke binA zeSa pradeza jIva nahI hai | isalie antima pradeza hI jIva hai / guru ke samajhAne para bhI apanA Agraha nahI choDA / tava unheM sagha se pRthaka kara diyaa| ye jIva- pradeza sambandhI Agraha ke kAraNa jIva- prAdezika kahalAe /

Page #60
50] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa avyaktavAda (3) zvetavikA nagarI ke paulASAr3ha caitya me AcArya ASADha vihAra kara rahe the| unake ziSyo me yoga-sAdhanA kA abhyAsa cala rahA thaa| AcArya kA Akasmika svargavAsa ho gyaa| unane socA-ziSyo kA abhyAsa adhUrA raha jaaegaa| phira apane zarIra meM praviSTa ho ge| ziSyoM ko isakI koI jAnakArI nahI thii| yoga-sAdhanA kA krama pUrA huaa| AcArya deva rUpa meM pragaTa ho bole-zramaNo ! maiMne asaMyata hote hue bhI saMyatAtmAo se vandanA karAI, isalie mujhe kSamA krnaa| sArI ghaTanA sunA deva apane sthAna para cale gae / zramaNo ko sandeha ho gayA ki kauna jAne kauna sAdhu hai aura kauna deva ? nizcayapUrvaka kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha avyakta mata khlaayaa| ASAr3ha ke kAraNa yaha vicAra claa| isalie isake AcArya ASADha haiaisA kucha AcArya kahate hai, para vAstava meM usake pravartaka ASAda ke ziSya hI hone caahie| sAMmucchedikavAda (4) azvamitra apane AcArya kauNDila ke pAsa pUrva-jJAna paDha rahe the| pahale samaya ke nAraka vicchinna ho jAyeMge, dUsare samaya ke bhI vicchinna ho jAyeMge, isa prakAra sabhI jIva vicchinna ho jAyeMge- yaha paryAyavAda kA prakaraNa cala rahA thaa| unane ekAnta-samuccheda kA Agraha kiyA ! ve saMgha se pRthaka kara diye ge| unakA mata "sAmucchedivAda" khlaayaa| dvai kriyavAda (5) gaga muni AcArya dhanagupta ke ziSya the| ve zarad Rtu me apane AcArya ko vandanA karane jA rahe the| mArga meM ullukA nadI thii| use pAra karate samaya sira ko sUrya kI garamI aura pairoM ko nadI kI ThaMDaka kA anubhava ho rahA thaa| muni ne socA-Agama meM kahA hai-eka samaya me do kriyAo kI anubhUti nahIM hotii| kintu mujhe eka sAtha do kriyAoM kI anubhUti ho rahI hai| guru ke pAsa pahu~ce aura apanA anubhava sunaayaa| guru ne kahA-vAstava me eka samaya meM eka hI kriyA kI anubhUti hotI hai| mana kA krama bahuta sUkSma hai|

Page #61
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 51 isalie hame usakI pRthakatA kA patA nahI calatA / gurU kI bAta unhe nahI jacI / ve sagha se alaga hokara "dU kriyavAda" kA pracAra karane lage / rAzikavAda (6) chaThe nihnava rohagupta ( SaDulUka ) hue| ve antarajikA ke bhUtagRha caitya me Thahare hue apane nAcArya zrI gupta ko vandanA karane jA rahe the / vahA~ poTTazAla parivrAjaka apanI vidyAo ke pradarzana se logo ko acambhe meM DAla rahA thA aura dUsare sabhI dhArmiko ko vAda ke lie cunautI de rahA thA / AcArya ne rohagupta ko usakI cunautI svIkAra karane kA Adeza diyA aura mayUrI, nakulI, viDAlI, vyAghrI, siMhI Adi aneka vidyAe bhI sikhAI / rohagupta ne usakI cunautI ko svIkAra kiyA / rAja sabhA me carcA kA prArambha huA / poTTazAla ne jIva aura ajIva - ina do rAziyo ne jIva, ajIva aura nirjIva - ina tIna rAziyo kI kara diyA / kI sthApanA kI / rohagupta sthApanA kara use parAjita poTTazAla kI vRzcikI, sarpI, mUSikI Adi vidyAe bhI viphala karadI | sArA ghaTanAcakra nivedita use parAjita kara rohagupta apane guru ke pAsa Aye, kiyA | guru ne kahA - rAzi do haiM / tUne tIna rAzi kI sthApanA kI, yaha acchA nahIM kiyA | vApasa sabhA meM jA, isakA prativAda kara / Agrahavaza guru kI bAta strIkAra nahI sake / guha unhe 'kutrikApaNa' me le gaye / vahA~ jIva mAMgA, vaha mila gayA, ajIva mAMgA, vaha bhI mila gayA, tIsarI rAzi nahI milI / guru rAjasabhA meM gae aura rohagupta ke parAjaya kI ghoSaNA kI / isa para bhI unakA Agraha kama nahI huA / isalie unheM sagha se alaga kara diyA gayA / abaddhikavAda (7) sAtaveM nihnatra goSThAmAhila the / AryarakSita ke uttarAdhikArI durbalikA puSyamitra hue| eka dina ve vindhya nAmaka muni ko karma-pravAda kA bandhAdhikAra paDhA rahe the / usame karma ke do rUpo kA varNana AyA / koI karma golI dIvAra para miTTI kI bhA~ti AtmA ke sAtha cipaka jAtA hai- eka rUpa ho jAtA hai /

Page #62
52] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa aura koI karma sUkhI dIvAra para miTTI kI bhA~ti AtmA kA sparza kara nIce gira jAtA hai-alaga ho jAtA hai| ___goSThAmAhila ne yaha sunaa| ve AcArya se kahane lage-AtmA aura karma yadi eka rUpa ho jAe to phira ve kabhI bhI alaga-alaga nahI ho sakate / isalie yaha mAnanA hI sagata hai ki karma AtmA kA sparza karate hai, usase ekIbhUta nahI hote / vAstava meM vandha hotA hI nahI / AcArya ne dono dazAo kA marma batAyA para unane apanA Agraha nahI chor3A / Akhira unheM sagha se pRthaka kara diyaa| ____ jamAlI, rohagupta aura goSThAmAhila ke sivAya zepa nihnava A prAyazcitta le phira se jaina-paramparA meM sammilita ho ge| jo sammilita nahIM hue unakI bhI ava koI paramparA pracalita nahIM hai| __ yaMtra dekhie : - jamAlI kAlamAna kaivalya ke 14 varSa pazcAt kaivalya ke 16 varpa pazcAt nirvANa ke 114 varpa pazcAt AcArya mata-sthApana utpatti-sthAna | vahuratavAda zrAvastI tiSyagupta | jIvaprAdezika- , RSabhapura vAda | ( rAjagRha) ApADha- avyaktavAda zvetavikA zipya azvamitra | sAmucchedika- | mithilA vAda gagakriyavAda ullukAtIra rohagupta rAzikavAda antarajikA ( paDulUka) goSThAmAhila | avaddhikavAda | dazapura nirvANa ke 220 varSa paJcAt (nirvANa ke 228 varSa pazcAt nirvANa ke 544 varpa pazcAt nirvANa ke 606 varSa pazcAt sthAnAMga meM sAta nihnavo kA hI ullekha hai / jinabhadra gaNI AThaveM nihnava voTika kA ullekha aura karate hai, jo vastra tyAga kara sagha se pRthaka hue the 40 /

Page #63
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [53 zvetAmbara-digambara digambara- sampradAya kI sthApanA kaba huI ? yaha ava bhI anusandhAna sApekSa hai / paramparA se isakI sthApanA vikrama ko sAtavI zatAbdI me mAnI jAtI hai / zvetAmbara nAma kava paDA-yaha bhI anveSaNa kA viSaya hai / zvetAmbara aura digamvara dono sApekSa zabda hai / iname se eka kA nAma-karaNa hone ke bAda hI dUsare ke nAma-karaNa kI AvazyakatA huI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sagha me sacela aura acela dono prakAra ke zramaNo kA samavAya thA / AcArAMga 18 me sacela aura acela dono prakAra ke zramaNo ke moha-vijaya kA varNana hai| sacela muni ke liye vastrapaNA kA varNana AcArAMga 2 / 5 me hai / acela muni kA varNana AcArAMga za6 me hai / uttarAdhyayana 2 / 13 me acela aura sacela dono avasyAo kA ullekha hai / Agama-kAla me acela muni jinakalpita43 aura sacela muni sthavirakalpika kahalAte the44 / __ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mahAn vyaktitva ke kAraNa AcAra kI dvividhatA kA jo samanvita rUpa huA, vaha jambU svAmI taka usI rUpa me calA / unake pazcAt AcArya paramparA kA bheda milatA hai / zvetAmbara paTTAvalI ke anusAra jambU ke pazcAt zayyambhava, yazobhadra, sambhUta vijaya aura bhadravAhu hue aura digambara-mAnyatA ke anusAra nandI, nandImitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadravAhu hue / ___ jambU ke pazcAt kucha samaya taka dono paramparAeM AcAryoM kA bheda svIkAra karatI hai aura bhadravAhu ke samaya phira dono eka bana jAtI hai / isa bheda aura abheda se saiddhAntika matabheda kA niSkarpa nahI nikAlA jA sakatA / usa samaya sagha eka thA, phira gaNa aura zAkhAeM aneka thI / AcArya aura caturdazapUrvI bhI aneka the| kintu prabhava svAmI ke samaya se hI kucha matabheda ke akura phUTane lage ho, aisA pratIta hotA hai| gayyambhava ne dagavai0 meM - 'vastra rakhanA parigraha nahI hai'-isa para jo bala diyA hai aura jJAtaputra mahAvIra ne sayama aura lajjA ke nimitta vastra rakhane ko parigraha nahI kahA hai-isa vAkya dvArA bhagavAn ke abhimata ko sAkSya kiyA

Page #64
54] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa hai45| usase Antarika mata-bheda kI sUcanA milatI hai / kucha zatAbdiyo ke pazcAt zayyambhava kA 'mucchA pariggaho vutto' vAkya parigraha kI paribhASA bana gyaa| umAstrAti kA 'mUrchA-parigraha-sUtra' isI kA upajIvI hai46 / jambU svAmI ke pazcAt 'dasa vastuoM' kA lopa mAnA gayA hai| uname eka jinakalpika avasthA bhI hai47 / yaha bhI paramparA-bheda kI puSTi karatA hai| bhadrabAhu ke samaya ( vI0 ni0 160 ke lagabhaga ) pATaliputra me jo vAcanA huI, una dono paramparAo kA mata-bheda tIna ho gyaa| isase pUrva zruta viSayaka ekatA thii| kintu lambe duSkAla meM aneka zrutadhara muni divaMgata ho ge| bhadrabAhu kI anupasthiti meM gyAraha ago kA sakalana kiyA gyaa| vaha saba ko pUrNa mAnya nahI huA / dono kA mata-bheda spaSTa ho gyaa| mAthurI vAcanA meM zruta kA jo rUpa sthira huA, usakA acelava-samarthako ne pUrNa bahiSkAra kara diyA / isa prakAra AcAra aura zruta viSayaka mata-bheda tIna-hote-hote vIra-nirvANa ko sAtavI zatAbdI me eka mUla do bhAgo meM vibhakta ho gyaa| zvetAmbara se digambara-zAkhA nikalI, yaha bhI nahI kahA jA sakatA aura digambara se zvetAmbara zAkhA kA udbhava huA, yaha bhI nahI kahA jA sakatA / eka dUsarA sampradAya apane ko mUla aura dUsare ko apanI zAkhA batAtA hai| para saca to yaha hai ki sAdhanA ko do zAkhAe, samanvaya aura sahiSNutA ke virAT prakANDa kA Azraya lie hue thI, ve usakA nirvAha nahIM kara sakI, kAla-paripAka se pRthaka ho gaI / athavA yo kahA jA sakatA hai ki eka dina sAdhanA ke do bIjo ne samanvaya ke mahAtaru ko akurita kiyA aura eka dina vahI mahAtaru do bhAgo meM vibhakta ho gayA / kiMvadantI ke anusAra vIra nirvANa 606 varSa ke pazcAt digambara-sampradAya kA janma huA, yaha zvetAmbara mAnate hai aura digambara-mAnyatA ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa 606 meM zvetAmbara sampradAya kA prArambha huaa| sacelatva aura acelatva kA Agraha aura samanvaya dRSTi jaba taka jaina-zAsana para prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva kA anuzAsana rahA, taba taka sacelatva aura acelatva kA vivAda ugna nahIM bnaa| kunda-kunda ( jisakA samaya vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI hai ) ke samaya yaha vivAda tIvra ho uThA thA48 /

Page #65
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [55 vIca-bIca mai isake samanvaya ke prayala bhI hote rahe hai| yApanIya sagha (jisakI sthApanA vI0 ni0 ko sAtavI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga huI ) zvetAmbara aura digambara dono paramparAo kA samanvita rUpa thaa| isa saMgha ke muni acelala Adi ko dRSTi se digambara-paramparA kA anusaraNa karate the aura mAnyatA kI dRSTi se zvetAmbara the| ve strI-mukti ko mAnate the aura zvetAmbara-sammata Agama-sAhitya kA adhyayana karate the| samanvaya kI dRSTi aura bhI samaya-samaya para prasphuTita hotI rahI hai| kahA gayA hai : koI muni do vastra rakhatA hai, koI tIna, koI eka aura koI acela rahatA hai| ve paraspara eka dUsare kI avajJA na kreN| kyoki yaha saba jinAjJA-sammata hai / yaha AcAra-bheda zArIrika zakti aura dhRti ke utkarpa aura apakarSa ke AdhAra para hotA hai| isalie sacela muni acela muniyo kI avajJA na kareM aura acela muni sacela muniyoM ko apane se hIna na maaneN| jo muni mahAvrata-dharma kA pAlana karate he aura udyata-vihArI hai, ve saba jinAjJA meM hai40 / caityavAsa aura saMvigna syAnAMga sUtra me bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nau gaNo kA ullekha milatA hai5. / inake nAma kramaza isa prakAra hai - 1-godAsa-gaNa 2-uttara-balissai-gaNa 3-uddeha-gaNa 4- cAraNa-gaNa 5-uDupATina-gaNa 6-veza-pATika-gaNa 7-kAmaddhi-gaNa 8-mAnava-gaNa 6-koTika-gaNa godAsa bhadravAhu svAmI ke prathama ziSya the| unake nAma se godAsa-gaNa kA pravartana huaa| uttara balissai Arya mahAgiri ke ziSya the| dUsare gaNa kA . pravartana inake dvArA huaa| ___ Arya suhastI ke ziSya sthavira rohaNa se uddeha-gaNa, sthavira zrI gupta se cAraNa-gaNa, bhadrayaza se uDupATita-gaNa, sthavira kAmaddhi se vezapATika-gaNa aura usakA antara kula kAmaddhigaNa, sthavira RSigupta se mAnava-gaNa aura sthavira susthita-supratibuddha se koTika gaNa pravartita hue51 / Arya suhastI ke samaya zithilAcAra kI eka sphuTa rekhA nirmita huI thii|

Page #66
56] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa ve svayaM samrAT samprati ke AcArya bana kucha suvidhA ke upabhoktA bane the| para Arya mahAgiri ke saketa se zIghra hI samhala gae the| mAnA jAtA hai ki unake samhala jAne para bhI eka zithila paramparA cala pdd'ii| vI0 ni0 kI navI zatAbdI (850 ) meM caityavAsa kI sthApanA huI / kucha zithilAcArI muni una-vihAra chor3a kara madiro ke paripArzva meM rahane lge| vI0 ni0 kI dazavI zatAbdI taka inakA prabhutva nahI bddhaa| devaddhigaNI ke divaMgata hote hI inakA sampradAya zaktizAlI ho gyaa| vidyA-bala aura rAjya-bala dono ke dvArA unhoMne una-vihArI zramaNo para paryApta prahAra kiyaa| haribhadrasUri ne 'sambodha-prakaraNa' me inake AcAra-vicAra kA sajIva varNana kiyA hai / abhayadeva sUri devarddhigaNI ke pazcAt jaina-zAsana kI vAstavika paramparA kA lopa mAnate hai52 / caityavAsa se pUrva gaNa, kula aura zAkhAo kA prAcurya hote hue bhI unameM pArasparika vigraha yA apane gaNa kA ahakAra nahI thaa| ve prAya avirodhI the| aneka gaNa honA vyavasthA-sammata thaa| gaNo ke nAma vibhinna kAraNoM se parivartita hote rahate the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke uttarAdhikArI sudharmA ke nAma se gaNa ko saudharma gaNa kahA gyaa| sAmanta bhadrasUri ne vana-vAsa svIkAra kiyA, isalie use vana-vAsI gaNa kahA gyaa| caityavAsI zAkhA ke udbhava ke sAtha eka pakSa savima, vidhi-mArga yA suvihita mArga kahalAyA aura dUsarA pakSa caityvaasii| sthAnaka vAsI ina sampradAya kA udbhava mUrti-pUjA ke asvIkAra pakSa meM huaa| vi0 ko solahavI zatAbdI me lokAzAha ne mUrti-pUjA kA virodha kiyA aura AcAra ko kaThoratA kA pakSa prabala kiyaa| inhI lokAzAha ke anuyAyiyo meM se sthAnakavAsI sampradAya kA prAdurbhAva huaa| yaha thor3e hI samaya meM zaktizAlI bana gayA / terApaMtha / sthAnaka vAsI sampradAya ke AcArya zrI rughanAthajI ke ziSya 'saMta bhIkhaNajI'

Page #67
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [57 (AcArya bhikSu ) ne vi0 sa0 1817 me terApaya kA prarvatana kiyA / AcArya bhikSu ne AcAra-zuddhi aura sagaThana para bala diyaa| eka sUtratA ke lie unhone aneka maryAdAo kA nirmANa kiyA / giSya-prayA ko samApta kara diyA / thoDe hI samaya meM eka AcArya, eka AcAra aura eka vicAra ke lie terApatha prasiddha ho gayA / AcArya bhikSu Agama ke anugIlana dvArA kucha naye tattvoM ko prakAza me lAe / sAmAjika bhUmikA meM usa samaya ve kucha apUrva se lge| AdhyAtmika-dRSTi se ve bahuta hI mUlyavAna hai, kucha tathya to vartamAna samAja ke bhI paya-dargaka vana gae haiN| unhone kahA(1) dharma ko jAti, samAja aura rAjyagata nIti se mukta rasA jAya / (2) mAdhana-guddhi kA utanA hI mahattva hai, jitanA ki nAdhya kaa| (3) hinaka sAdhano se ahiMsA kA vikAsa nahI kiyA jA sktaa| (4) hRdaya-parivartana hue vinA kimo ko ahiMsaka nahI banAyA jA makatA / (5) Avazyaka hinA ko ahiMmA nahI mAnanA cAhie / ( 6 ) dharma aura adharma kriyA-kAla meM hI hote hai, usake pahale-pIche nahI hote| (7) vaDo kI surakSA ke lie choTe jIvo kA vadha karanA ahimA nahI hai / unhone dAna aura dayA ke dhArmika vizvAso kI AlocanA kI aura unakI aitihAsika AdhyAtmikatA ko asvIkAra kiyaa| mitha-dharma ko amAnya karate hue unhone Agama kI bhApA meM kahA "maMkSepa me kriyA ke do sthAna hai| 1-dharma, 2-~adharma53 / dharma aura adharma kA mizra nahI hotaa|" gautama svAmI ne pUchA - "bhagavan ! anya tIrthika aisA kahate hai, prajJApanA aura prarUpaNA karate hai-eka jIva eka samaya me do kriyAe~ karatA hai / ve do kiyAeM hai- samyaka aura mithyA / jisa samaya samyaka kriyA karatA hai, usa samaya mithyA kriyA bhI karatA hai aura jisa samaya mithyA kriyA karatA hai, usa samaya mamyaka kriyA bhI karatA hai| samyaka kriyA karane ke dvArA mithata kriyA karatA hai

Page #68
58 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa aura mithyA kriyA karane ke dvArA samyak kriyA karatA hai - isa prakAra eka jIva eka samaya me do kriyAe~ karatA hai / yaha kaise hai bhagavan ? " bhagavAn gautama | eka jIva eka samaya me do kriyAe karatA hai yaha jo kahA jAtA hai, vaha saca nahI hai - maiM isa prakAra kahatA hU~, prajJApanA aura prarUpaNA karatA hU~ / eka jIva eka samaya meM eka hI kriyA karatA hai - samyak yA mithyA / jisa samaya samyaka kriyA karatA hai, usa samaya mithyA kriyA nahI karatA aura jisa samaya mithyA kriyA karatA hai, usa samaya samyak kriyA nahI karatA / samyak kriyA karane ke dvArA mithyA kinA nahI karatA aura mithyA kriyA karane ke dvArA samyak kriyA nahIM karatA hai / isa prakAra eka jIva eka samaya me eka hI kriyA karatA hai - samyak yA mithyA" " / " anya tIrthika loga "eka sAtha dharma aura adharma dono kriyAe~ hotI hai aisA mAnate the / unakA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa sUtra me prativAda kiyA aura batAyA - " samyak aura asamyak - zubha avyavanAya vAlI aura azubha adhyavasAtha vAlI ye dono kriyAe eka sAtha nahI ho sakatI / AtmA kriyA karane me sarvAtmanA pravRtta hotI he / isalie kriyA kA adhyavasAya eka sAtha dvirUpa nahIM ho sakatA / jisa samaya nirjarA hotI hai, usa samaya Asava bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai / puNya vava hotA hai, usa samaya pApa bhI bacatA hai / kintu ve dono pravRttiyAM svatantra hai, isalie vaha mizra nahI kahalAtA / jisase karma lagatA hai, usIse karma nahIM TUTatA tathA jisase puNya kA vadha hotA hai, usIse pApa kA baMdha nahI hotA / eka hI pravRtti se dharma aura adharma dono ho, puNya-pApa dono vadhe, usakA nAma mizra hai / dharma mizranahI hotA / " ye vicAra Adi kAla meM bahuta hI aparicita se lage kintu ava inakI gaharAI se logo kA nikaTa paricaya huA hai / terApatha ke ATha AcArya ho cuke hai / vartamAna netA AcArya zrI tulasI hai / aNuvrata Andolana jo ahiMsA, maMtrI, dharma-samanvaya aura dharma ke sampradAyAtIta rUpa kA jvalata pratIka hai, AcArya zrI ke vicAra manthana kA navanIta hai / Andolana - pravartaka ke vyaktitva para jaina dharma kA samanvayavAda aura asAmpra dAyika dhArmikatA kI amiTa chApa hai /

Page #69
tIna 56-108 jaina-sAhitya Agama Agamo kA racanAkrama caudahapUrva Agamo kI bhApA Agamo kA prAmANya aura aprAmANya Agama-vibhAga zabda-bheda nAma vibhakti AkhyAta vibhakti ghAtu-rUpa dhAtu-pratyaya taddhita Agama-vAcanAe~ Agama-viccheda kA krama Agama kA maulika rUpa anuyoga lekhana aura pratikriyA lekha-sAmagrI Agama likhane kA itihAsa pratikriyA kalpya-akalpya-mImAMsA aGga-upAGga tathA cheda aura mUla Agamo kA vartamAna rUpa aura sakhyA Agama kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya bhASya aura bhASyakAra TIkAe~ aura TIkAkAra

Page #70
paravartI-prAkRta-sAhitya saMskRta-sAhitya prAdezika-sAhitya gujarAtI-sAhitya rAjasthAnI-sAhitya hindI-sAhitya

Page #71
Agama ___ jaina-sAhitya Agama aura Agametara-ina do bhAgo me vaTA huA hai / sAhitya kA prAcInatama bhAga Agama kahalAtA hai| sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI bhagavAna ne apane Apako dekhA (Atma-sAkSAt kiyA ) aura samUce loka ko dekhA / bhagavAn ne tIrtha-catuSTaya ( sAghu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA) kI sthApanA kI / isalie ve tIrthakara kahalAe / bhagavAn ne sat kA nirUpaNa kiyA tathA vanca, bandha-hetu, mokSa aura mokSa-hetu kA svarUpa batAyA | bhagavAn kI vANI Agama bana gii| unake pradhAna ziSya gautama Adi gyAraha gaNavaro ne use sUtra-rUpa meM gU thA / Agama ke do vibhAga ho ge| sUtrAgama aura arthAgama / bhagavAn ke prakIrNa upadeza ko arthAgama aura usake AdhAra para kI gaI sUtra-racanA ko sUtrAgama kahA gayA / ve AcAryoM ke lie nidhi bana gae / isa lie unakA nAma gaNipiTaka huA / usa gumphana ke maulika bAraha bhAga hue / isalie usakA dUsarA nAma huA dvaadshaaNgii| bAraha aga ye hai-(1) AcAra (2) sUtrakRta (3) sthAna (4) samavAya (5) bhagavatI (6) jJAtR-dharmakathA (7) upAsaka dazA (8) anta kRddazA, (9) anuttaropapAtika-dazA (10) prazna-vyAkaraNa (11) vipAka (12) dRSTivAda / syaviro ne isakA pallavana kiyaa| Agama-sUtro kI sakhyA hajAro taka pahuMca gii| bhagavAn ke 14 hajAra ziSya prakaraNakAra (granthakAra) the / usa samaya likhane kI paramparA nahI thI / sArA vADamaya smRti para AdhArita thaa| Agamo kA racanA-krama dRSTivAda ke pAMca vibhAga hai : (1) parikarma (2) sUtra (3) pUrvAnuyoga (4) pUrvagata (5) cUlikA / caturtha vibhAga-pUrvagata me codaha pUrvo kA samAveza hotA hai| inakA parimANa bahuta hI vizAla hai / ye zruta yA zabda-jJAna ke samasta viSayo ke akSaya-kopa hote hai / inakI racanA ke bAre me do vicAra dhArAe~ hai-eka ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrva se jJAnarAzi kA yaha bhAga calA A rahA thaa|

Page #72
62] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa isalie uttaravartI sAhitya-racanA ke samaya ise pUrva kahA gayA / dUsarI vicAraNA ke anusAra dvAdazAMgI ke pUrva ye caudaha zAstra race gae, isalie inheM pUrva kahA gayA / pUrvo meM sArA zruta samA jAtA hai / kintu sAdhAraNa buddhi vAle use paDha nahIM skte| unake lie dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kI gii| Agama-sAhitya meM adhyayana-paramparA ke tIna krama milate hai / kucha zramaNa caturdaza pUrvI hote the, kucha dvAdazAMgI ke vidvAn aura kucha sAmAyika Adi gyAraha ago ko paDhate the| caturdaza pUrvI zramaNo kA adhika mahattva rahA hai / unhe zruta-kevalI kahA gayA hai| nAma viSaya pada-parimANa eka karoDa 1-utpAda 2-agnAyaNIya dravya aura paryAyo kI utpatti dravya, padArtha aura jIvo kA parimANa sakarma aura akarma jIvo ke vIrya kA varNana chiyAnave lAkha 3-vIrya-pravAda sattara lAkha sATha lAkha 4--astinAsti pravAda 5- jJAna-pravAda 6-~satya-pravAda 7-Atma-pravAda 4-karma-pravAda padArtha kI sattA aura asattAkA nirUpaNa jJAna kA svarUpa aura prakAra satya kA nirUpaNa AtmA aura jIva kA nirUpaNa karma kA svarUpa aura prakAra eka kama eka karoDa eka karor3a chaha chabbIsa karoDa eka karor3a assI lAkha caurAsI lAkha eka karoDa dasa 6-pratyAkhyAna-pravAda vrata-AcAra, vidhi-nipeva 10-vidyAnupravAda siddhiyoM aura unake sAdhano kA nirUpaNa 11-avandhya ( kalyANa ) zubhAzubha phala kI avazya bhAvitA kA nirUpaNa lAkha chabbIsa karoDa

Page #73
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [63 12-prANAyupravAda indriya, zvAsocchavAsa, AyuSya eka karor3a aura prANa kA nirUpaNa chapana lAkha 13- kriyAvizAla zubhAzubha kriyAo kA nirUpaNa nau karoDa 14-lokavindusAra __ loka vindumAra ladhi kA svarUpa ___ aura vistAra sADhe vAraha karor3a utpAda pUrva me dasa vastu aura cAra cUlikAvastu hai| agnAyaNIya pUrva meM caudaha vastu aura vAraha cUlikAvastu hai / vIryapravAda pUrva meM ATha vastu aura ATha cUlikAvastu hai / asti-nAsti-pravAda pUrva meM aThAraha vastu aura dasa cUlikAvastu hai / jJAna-pravAda pUrva me vAraha vastu hai / satya pravAda pUrva me do vastu hai / AtmapravAda pUrva me solaha vastu hai / karma-pravAda pUrva me tIsa vastu hai / pratyAkhyAna pUrva meM bIsa / vidyAnupravAda pUrva me pandraha / avanvya pUrva me bAraha / prANAyu pUrva me teraha / kriyAvizAla pUrva me tIna / loka vindusAra pUrva me paccIsa / cauthe se Age ke pUrvo me cUlikAvastu nahI hai / ___inakI bhASA saskRta mAnI jAtI hai| inakA viSaya gahana aura bhApA sahaja suvodha nahI thii| isalie alpamati logo ke lie dvAdazAMgI racI gii| kahA bhI hai - 'vAlastrImandamUrkhANAM, nRNAM cAritrakADikSaNAm / anugrahArtha tattvaje , siddhAtapaH prAkRte kRtaH // AcArAMga kA sthAna pahalA hai| vaha yojanA kI dRpTi se hai| racanA kI dRSTi se pUrva kA sthAna pahalA hai / AgamoM kI bhASA jaina Agamo kI bhASA ardha-mAgadhI hai| Agama-sAhitya ke anusAra tIrthakara ardha-mAgadhI meM upadeza dete hai / ise usa samaya kI divya bhApA aura isakA prayoga karane vAle ko bhApArya kahA hai / yaha prAkRta kA hI eka rUpa hai / yaha magadha ke eka bhAga me bolI jAtI hai, isalie ardha-mAgadhI kahalAtI hai / isame mAgadhI aura dUsarI bhASAo-aThAraha dezI bhASAo ke lakSaNa mizrita hai| isalie yaha artha-mAgadhI kahalAtI hai|' / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya magadha, mithilA, kauzala Adi aneka pradeza, varga aura jAti ke the|

Page #74
64] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa isalie jaina-sAhitya kI prAcIna prAkRta meM dezya zabdo kI bahulatA hai| mAgadhI aura dezya zabdo kA mizraNa ardha-mAgadhI kahalAtA hai| yaha jinadAsa mahattara kI vyAkhyA hai, jo sambhavata saba se adhika prAcIna hai| ise Arya bhI kahA jAtA hai|2 / AcArya hemacandra ne ise Apa kahA-unakA mUla Agama kA RSi-bhASita zabda hai'| AgamoM kA prAmANya aura aprAmANya kevalI, avadhi-jJAnI, mana paryava-jJAnI, caturdaza pUrvadhara aura dazapUrvadhara kI racanA ko Agama kahA jAtA hai / Agama me pramukha sthAna dvAdazAMgI yA gaNi-piTaka kA hai| vaha svata pramANa hai| zeSa Agama parata. pramANa haidvAdazAMgI ke aviruddha hai, ve pramANa hai, zepa apramANa / Agama-vibhAga Agama-sAhitya praNetA kI dRSTi se do bhAgo me vibhakta hotA hai| (1) aga-praviSTa (2) anaga-praviSTa / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadharo ne jo sAhitya racA, vaha aga-praviSTa kahalAtA hai| sthaviro ne jo sAhitya racA, vaha anaga-praniSTa kahalAtA hai| bAraha agoM ke atirikta sArA Agama-sAhitya anaga-praviSTa hai / gaNadharo ke prazna para bhagavAn ne tridI-utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kA upadeza diyaa| usake AdhAra para jo Agama-sAhitya racA gayA, vaha aMga-praviSTa aura bhagavAn ke mukta vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para sthaviro ne jo racA, vaha anaga-praviSTa hai| dvAdazAMgI kA svarUpa sabhI tIrthakaro ke samakSa niyata hotA hai| anagapraviSTa niyata nahI hotA 4 | abhI jo ekAdaza aga upazabdha hai ve sudharmA gaNadhara kI vAcanA ke hai| isalie sudharmA dvArA racita mAne jAte hai / / anaMga-praviSTa Agama-sAhitya kI dRSTi se do bhAgo meM baTatA hai| kucheka Agama sthaviro ke dvArA racita hai aura kucheka niyaMDha / jo Agama dvAdazAMgI yA pUrvo se uddhRta kiye gae, ve niyUMDha kahalAte hai / dazavakAlika, AcArAMga kA dUsarA zruta-skandha, nizItha, vyavahAra, vRhatkalpa, dazAzruta-skandha-ye niyUMDha Agama hai| dazavakAlika kA nirdUhana apane putra manaka kI ArAdhanA ke lie

Page #75
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 65 Arya zayyambhava ne kiyA 15 | zepa Agamo ke niryUhaka zruta- kevalI bhadrabAhu hai / prajJApanA ke karttA zyAmArya, anuyoga dvAra ke Arya-rakSita aura nandI ke devagaNa kSamAzramaNa mAne jAte hai / bhASA ko dRSTi se Agamo ko do yugo me vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / I0 pU0 400 se I0 100 taka kA pahalA yuga hai / isame racita aMgo kI bhASA arva mAgadhI hai / dUsarA yuga I0 100 se I0 500 taka kA hai / isame racita yA niryUDha AgamoM ko bhApA jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta hai 11 arddhamAgadhI aura jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta me jo antara hai, usakA sakSipta rUpa yaha hai :-- zabda -bheda 1 - ardha mAgadhI me aise pracura zabda hai, jinakA prayoga mahArASTrI meM prAya upalabdha nahI hotA, yathA-- ajjhatthiya, ajbhovaNNa, aNuvIti, AdhavaNA, Adhavettaga, ANApANU, AvIkamma, kaNhui, kemahAlaya, durUDha, paMcatthimilla, paukuvva, puratyimilla, porevacca, mahatimahA liyA, vakka, viusa ityAdi / 2-- aise zabdo kI sakhyA bhI bahuta baDI hai, jinake rUpa ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke hote hai / unake kucha udAharaNa nIce die jAte hai ardhamAgadhI abhiyAgama AuTaNa AharaNa uppi kiyA kIsa, kesa kevaccira gehi ciyatta chacca mahArASTrI abhAama AucaNa uAharaNa uvariM, avariM kiriyA kerisa kiaccira giddhi caia chakka jAyA NigaNa, NigiNa ( nama) nigiNiNa (nAgaNya ) tacca (tRtIya) tacca (tathya ) gacchA duvAla saga docya nitiya nieya paDuppanna jattA nagga NaggattaNa taia taccha ciicchA vArasaga duia Nicca Niaa pancuppaNNa

Page #76
pacchAkamma vAA sahA 66] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa pacchekamma vaggU pAya ( pAla) patta vAhaNA ( upAnaha) uvANA puTho (pRthaka ) puhaM, piha sahejja purekamma purAkamma sIANa, susANa masANa puci punvaM sumiNa simiNa mAya ( mAla) atta, metta suhama, suhuma saha mAhaNa bamhaNa sohi suddhi milakkhu, meccha miliccha ora dubAlasa, bArasa, terasa, auNbIsai, battIma, paNattIsa, igayAla, teyAlIsa, paNayAla, aThayAla, egaTThi, vAvaTThi, tevaTThi, chAtravi, aDhasaTThi, augattari, bAvattari, paNNattari, sattahattari, teyAsI, chalasIi, bANaui prabhRti saMkhyA-zabdo ke rUpa ardhamAgadhI me milate hai, mahArASTrI me vaise nhii| nAma-vibhakti 1-ardhamAgadhI me pulliMga akArAnta zabda ke prathamA ke eka vacana me prAya sarvatra 'e' aura kvacit'o' hotA hai, kintu mahArASTrI me 'o' hI hotA hai / 2-saptamI kA eka vacana 'vi' hotA hai jaba mahArASTrI me 'mmi' / 3-caturthI ke eka vacana meM 'Ae' yA 'Ate' hotA hai, jaise devAe, savaNayAe, gamaNAe, aTThAe, ahitAte, asubhAte, akhabhAte (ThA0 patra 358 ) ityAdi, mahArASTrI me yaha nahIM hai| 4- aneka zabdo ke tRtIyA ke eka vacana me sA' hotA hai, yayA-magasA, vayamA, kAyasA, jogasA, valasA, cakkhumA, mahArASTrI me inake sthAna me kramaza maNega, vaeNa, kAeNa, jogeNa valeNa, ckkhunnaa| 5- 'kamma' aura 'dhamma' zabda ke tRtIyA ke eka vacana meM pAlI kI taraha 'kammuNA' aura 'dhammuNA' hotA hai, jabaki mahArASTrI me 'kamme ga' aura 'dhammeNa' / 6-ardhamAgadhI me 'tat' zabda ke pacamI ke bahuvacana me 'tebbho' rUpa bhI dekhA jAtA hai|

Page #77
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [67 7-'yuSmata' zabda kA SaSThI kA ekavacana saMskRta kI taraha 'tava' aura 'asmat' kA SaSThI kA bahuvacana 'asmAka' ardhamAgadhI meM pAyA jAtA hai, jo mahArASTrI me nahI hai| AkhyAta-vibhakti 1-ardhamAgadhI me bhUtakAla ke bahuvacana me 'isu' pratyaya hai, jaise - pucchisu, gacchiyu, AmAsima ityAdi / mahArASTrI meM yaha prayoga lupta ho gayA hai| dhAtu-rUpa 1-ardhamAgavI me Aikkhai, kucai, bhuvi, hokkhatI, vUyA, abbavI, hotyA, hutyA, paTTAretyA, AdhaM, durUhai, vigiMcae, tivAyae, akAsI, tiuTTaI, tiuTTijjA, paDisaghayAti, sArayatI, dhecchii, samucchihiMti, Ahasu prabhRti prabhUta prayogo me dhAtu kI prakRti, pratyaya athavA-ye dono jisa prakAra meM pAye jAte hai, mahArASTrI me ve bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke dekhe jAte hai| dhAtu-pratyaya 1-arvamAgadhI me 'vA' pratyaya ke rUpa aneka taraha ke hote hai:(ka) TaTu jaise-kaTTa, sadahaTu, avahaTTa ityAdi / (kha) ittA, ettA, ittANa aura ettANa: yathA-caittA, viDaTTitA, pAsittA, karettA, pAsittANa, karettANa ityAdi / (ga) ittu yayA-duruhittu, jANittu, vadhittu, prabhRti / (gha) ccAH jaise kiccA, NaJcA, socvA, bhoccA, cecyA Adi / (Da) iyAH yayA--parijANiyA, durUhiyA aadi| (ca) inake atirikta viDakkamma, nisamma, samicca, sakhAe aNuvIti, laddha, laddha Na, dissA Adi prayogo me 'tvA' ke rUpa bhinna-bhinna taraha ke pAye jAte hai| 2'tum' pratyaya ke sthAna me ittae yA ittate prAyaH dekhane me AtA hai| jaise--karittae, gacchitae, sabhujittae, uvAsamittate ( vipA0 13), viharittae Adi / 3-RkArAnta dhAtu ke 'ta' pratyaya ke sthAna me 'Da' hotA hai, jaise-kaDa, maDa, abhihaDa, vAvaDa, savuDa, viyuDa, vitthaDa prabhRti /

Page #78
TOURT 681 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa taddhita 1-'tara' pratyaya kA tarAya rUA hotA hai, yathA aNi?tarAe, appatarAe, bahutarAe, kaMtatarAe ityAdi / 2-Auso, AusaMto, gomI, busima, bhagavato, puratthima, pacatthima, oyaMsI, dosiNo, porevacca Adi prayogo meM 'matupa' aura anya taddhita' pratyayo ke jaise rUpa jaina ardhamAgadho me dekhe jAte hai, mahArASTrI meM ve bhinna taraha ke hote hai| mahArASTrI se jaina ardhamAgadhI meM inake atirikta aura bhI aneka sUkSma bheda hai, jinakA ullekha vistAra-bhaya se yahA~ nahI kiyA gayA hai| Agama vAcanAeM vIra-nirvANa kI dUsarI zatAbdI me (160 varSa pazcAt ) pATalIputra meM 12 varSa kA durbhikSa huA 18 usa samaya zramaNa-saMgha chinna-bhinna sA ho gyaa| bahuta sAre bahuzruta muni anazana kara svarga-vAsI ho ge| Agama-jJAna kI zRGkhalA TUTa so gii| durbhikSa miTA taba sagha milA / zramaNo ne gyAraha aMga sakalita kie| bArahaveM aga ke jJAtA bhadrabAhu svAmI ke sivAya koI nahI rahA / ve nepAla mai mahAprANa-dhyAna kI sAdhanA kara rahe the| saMgha kI prArthanA para unhone bArahaveM aga kI vAcanA denA svIkAra kara liyaa| pandraha sau sAdhu ge| uname pA~ca sau vidyArthI the ora hajAra sAdhu unakI paricaryA meM niyukta the| pratyeka vidyArthI-sAdhu ke do-do sAdhu paricAraka the| adhyayana prArambha huA / lagabhaga vidyArthI-sAdhu thaka gae / ekamAtra sthUlabhadra baca rhe| unheM dasa pUrva kI vAcanA dI gaI / bahino ko camatkAra dikhAne ke lie unhone siMha kA rUpa banA liyaa| bhadrabAhu ne ise jAna liyA / vAcanA banda krdii| phira bahuta Agraha karane para cAra pUrva diye para unakA artha nahI btaayaa| sthUlabhadra pATha kI dRSTi se antima zruta-kevalI the| ayaM kI dRSTi se antima zruta-kevalI bhadrabAhu hI the / sthUlabhadra ke bAda daza pUrva kA jJAna hI zeSa rahA / vajrasvAmI antima daza-pUrvadhara hue| vajrasvAmI ke uttarAdhikArI Arya-rakSita hue| ve nau pUrva pUrNa aura dazaveM pUrva ke 24 yavika jAnate the| Arya-rakSita ke ziSya durbalikA puSyamitra ne nau pUrvo kA adhyayana kiyA kintu anabhyAsa ke kAraNa ve nave pUrva ko bhUla ge| vismRti kA yaha krama Age baDhatA gyaa|

Page #79
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa c : - L. 66 Agama-sakalana kA dUsarA prayala vIra-nirvANa 827 aura 840 ke bIca huA / AcArya skandila ke netRtva me Agama likhe ge| yaha kArya mathurA me huA / isalie ise mAyurI-vAcanA kahA jAtA hai| isI samaya vallabhI meM AcArya nAgArjuna ke netRtva me Agama sakalita hue / use vallabhI-vAcanA yA nAgArjuna vAcanA kahA jAtA hai| vIra-nirvANa ko 10 vI zatAbdI-mAthurI-vAcanA ke anuyAyiyo ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa ke 680 varSa pazcAt tayA vallabhI-vAcanA ke anuyAyiyo ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa ke 613 varSa pazcAt devarddhigaNI ne vallabhI me phira se Agamo kA vyavasthita lekhana kiyaa| isake pazcAt phira koI sarvamAnya vAcanA nahI huI / vIra kI dasavI zatAbdI ke pazcAt pUrvajJAna kI paramparA vicchinna ho gaI / Agama-viccheda kA krama bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa vIra-nirvANa ke 170 varpa pazcAt huA / ArthIdRSTi se antima cAra pUrvo kA viccheda isI samaya huaa| digambara paramparA ke anusAra yaha vIra-nirvANa ke 162 varSa pazcAt huaa| gAndI dRSTi se antima cAra pUrva sthUlabhadra kI mRtyu ke samaya vIra-nirvANa ke 216 varpa pazcAt vicchinna hue / inake bAda dazapUrvo kI paramparA Aryavrata taka clii| unakA- svargavAsa vIra-nirvANa ke 571 ( vikrama saMvat 101 ) varSa pazcAt huA / usI samaya dagavAM pUrva vicchinna huaa| navAM pUrva durvalikA puSyamitra kI mRtyu ke sAya-vIra nirvANa 604 varSa ( vi0 savat 134 ) me lupta huaa| pUrvajJAna kA viccheda vIra-nirvANa (vi0 savat 530) ke hajAra varSa pazcAt huaa| digamvara mAnyatA ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa ke 62 varSa taka kevala jJAna rahA / antima kevalI jambUsvAmI hue| unake pazcAt 100 varSa taka codaha pUrvo kA jAna rahA / antima caturdaza pUrvI bhadravAhu hue| unake pazcAt 153 varSa taka dazapUrva rahe / dharmasena antima dazapUrvI the| unake pazcAt gyAraha ago kI - -

Page #80
70] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa paramparA 220 varSa taka clii| unake antima adhyetA dhruvasena hue / unake pazcAt eka aga AcArAMga kA adhyayana 118 varSa taka claa| isake antima adhikArI lohArya hue / vIra-nirvANa 683 (vi0 savat 213 ) ke pazcAt Agama-sAhitya sarvathA lupta ho gayA / kevala jJAna ke lopa kI mAnyatA meM dono sampradAya eka mata hai ' cAra pUrvo kA lopa bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt huA, isame aikya hai / kevala kAladRSTi se ATha varSa kA antara hai / zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra unakA lopa vIra-nirvANa ke 170 varSa pazcAt huA aura digambara-mAnyatA ke anusAra 162 varSa pazcAt / yahA~ taka dono paramparAe~ Asa-pAsa calanI hai / isake pazcAt uname dUrI baDhatI calI jAtI hai / dazaveM pUrva ke lopa kI mAnyatA me dono me kAla kA baDA antara hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra dazapUrvI vIra-nirvANa se 548 varSa taka hue aura digambara paramparA ke anusAra 245 varSa tk| zvetAmbara eka pUrva ko paramparA ko devarddhigaNi taka le jAte aura Agamo ke kucha maulika bhAga ko aba taka surakSita mAnate hai / digambara vIra-nirvANa 683 varpa pazcAta Agamo kA pUrNa lopa svIkAra karate hai| Agama kA maulika rUpa digambara-paramparA ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa ke 683 ke pazcAta--Agamo kA maulika svarUna lupta ho gyaa| zvetAmbara mAnyatA hai ki Agama sAhitya kA maulika svarUpa bar3e pariNAma meM lupta ho gayA kintu pUrNa nahI, aba bhI vaha zeSa hai / ago aura upAMgoM kI jo tIna bAra sakalanA huI, usame maulika rUpa avazya hI badalA hai / uttaravartI ghaTanAo aura vicAragAo kA samAveza bhI huA / sthAnAMga meM sAta nihnavo aura nava gaNo kA ullekha saSTa pramAga hai / prazna-vyAkaraNa kA jo viSaya-varNana hai, vaha vartamAna rUpa meM upalabdha nahI hai / isa sthiti ke uparAnta bhI ago kA adhikAMza bhAga maulika hai / bhASA aura racanA-zailI kI dRSTi se vaha prAcIna hai / AcArAMga kA prathama zruta racanA-zailI kI dRSTi se zepa sava ago se bhinna hai| Aja ke bhASAzAstrI use DhAI hajAra varSa prAcIna vatalAte hai / sUtra kRtAMga, sthAnAMga

Page #81
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [71 aura bhagavatI bhI prAcIna he / isame koI sandeha nahI, Agama kA mUla Aja bhI surakSita hai| anuyoga anuyoga kA artha hai-sUtra aura artha kA ucita sambandha, ve cAra haiM (1) caraNakaraNAnuyoga (2) dharmakathAnuyoga (3) gaNitAnuyoga (4) dravyAnuyoga / Arya-vaja taka anuyoga ke vibhAga nahI the / pratyeka sUtra me cAro anuyogo kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA thA / Arya-rakSita ne isa paddhati meM parivartana kiyA / isake nimitta unake ziSya durbalikA puSyamitra vane / Arya-rakSita ke cAra pramukha ziSya the durvalikA-pupya, phalgurakSita, vinthya aura goSThAmAhila / vinvya iname meghAvI thaa| usane Arya-rakSita se prArthanA kI -"prabho / mujhe mahapATha meM adhyayananAmagnI bahuta bilamba se milatI hai / isalie gIna mile, aisI vyavasthA kiijie|" Arya-rakSita ne use AlApaka dene kA bhAra durvalikA puNya ko saupaa| kucha dina taka ve use vAcanA dete rahe / phira eka dina durvalikA puSya ne Arya-rakSita se nivedana kiyA-gurudeva ! ise vAcanA dUMgA to merA navAM pUrva vismRta ho jAegA / ava jo Aryavara kA Adeza ho vahI karUM / Arya-rakSita ne socAdubalikA pupya kI yaha gati hai / aba prajJA-hAni ho rahI hai| pratyeka sUtra meM cAro anuyogo ko dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA rakhane vAle ava adhika samaya taka nahI raha nakeMge / cintana ke pazcAt unhone Agamo ko-cAra anuyogo ke rUpa me vibhakta kara diyaa| AgamoM kA pahalA saMskaraNa bhadravAhu ke samaya me huA thA aura dUsarA maMskaraNa Arya-rakSita ne ( vIra-nirvANa 584-567 me ) kiyA / isa saskaraNa me vyAkhyA kI dulhatA miTa gii| cAro anuyogo me AgamoM kA vibhAga isa prakAra kiyA - (1) caraNa-karaNa-anuyoga -kAlika sUtra (2) dharmakathAnuyoga - uttarAdhyayana Adi Rpi-bhApita (3) gaNitAnuyoga ( kAlAnuyoga ) -sUrya prajJati Adi (4) dravyAnuyoga - dRpTivAda21

Page #82
72] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa digambara-paramparA me ye cAra anuyoga kucha rUpAntara se milate hai / unake nAma kramazaH ye hai: (1) prathamAnuyoga (2) karaNAnuyoga (3) caraNAduyoga (4) drvyaanuyog22| zvetAmbara-mAnyatA ke anusAra cAra anuyogo kA viSaya kramaza: isa prakAra hai (1) AcAra (2) carita, dRSTAnta, kathA Adi (3) gaNita, kAla (4) dravya, tattva digambara-mAnyatA ke anusAra cAra anuyogo kA viSaya kramazaH isa prakAra hai: (1) mahApuruSoM ke jIvana-caritra (2) lokaloka vibhakti, kAla, gaNita (3) AcAra (4) dravya, tattva / digambara Agamo ko lupta mAnate hai, isIlie ve prathamAnuyoga meM mahApurANa aura purANa, karaNAnuyoga meM triloka-prajJapti, trilokasAra, caraNAnuyoga meM mUlAcAra aura dravyAnuyoga me pravacanasAra, gommaTasAra mAdi ko samAviSTa karate hai| lekhana aura pratikriyA jaina-sAhitya ke anusAra lipi kA prArambha prAga-aitihAsika hai / prajJApanA meM 18 lipiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai 2 / bhagavAn RSabhanAtha ne apanI putrI brAhmI ko 18 lipiyAM sikhAI-aisA ullekha vizeSAzyaka bhASyavRtti, triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra Adi meM milatA hai 24 / jaina sUtra varNita 72 kalAo meM lekha-kalA kA pahalA sthAna hai25 / bhagavAn RSabhanAtha ne 72 kalAo kA upadeza kiyA tathA asi, masi aura kRSi-nye tIna prakAra ke vyApAra calAe26 / inameM Aye hue lekha-phalA aura maSi zabda likhane kI paramparA ko karma-yuga ke Arambha taka le jAte hai / nandI sUtra meM tIna prakAra kA akSara-zruta batalAyA hai| isameM pahalA

Page #83
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [73 saMjJAkSara hai / isakA artha hotA hai-akSara kI AkRti-sasthAna lipi / lekha-sAmagrI prAga-aitihAsika kAla meM likhane kI sAmagnI kaisI thI, yaha nizcaya pUrvaka nahI kahA jA sakatA27 / rAjapraznIya sUtra me pustaka ratna kA varNana karate hue kambikA (kAmI ), morA, gAMTha, lipyAsana ( maSipAtra ) chadana, (Dhakkana) sAMkalI, mapi aura lekhanI-ina lekha sAmagnI ke upakaraNo kI carcA kI gaI hai / prajJApanA meM 'potyArA' zabda AtA hai28 / jisakA artha hotA hai-lipikArapustaka-vijJAna-Arya-ise zilpArya meM ginA gayA hai tathA isI sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki ardha-mAgadhI bhASA aura brAhmI lipi kA prayoga karane vAle bhApArya hote hai / bhagavatI sUtra ke Arambha me brAhmI lipi ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai, usakI pRSThabhUmi me bhI likhane kA itihAsa hai / bhAva-lipi ke pUrva vaise hI dravyalipi rahatI hai, jaise bhAva-zruta ke pUrva dravya-zruta hotA hai / dravya-zruta dhUyamANa zabda aura pAThyamAna zabda dono prakAra kA hotA hai / isase siddha hai ki dravya-lipi dravya-zruta se atirikta nahI, usI kA eka aza hai| sthAnAMga me pA~ca prakAra kI pustakeM vatalAI hai30 -(1) gaNDI (2) kacchavI (3) muSTi (4) sapuTa phalaka (5) sRpATikA / haribhadra sUri ne bhI dazavakAlika TIkA me prAcIna AcAryo kI mAnyatA kA ullekha karate hue inhI pustako kA ullekha kiyA hai| nizItha cUrNI meM bhI inakA ullekha hai / anuyoga dvAra kA potyakamma (pustaka. karma) zabda bhI lipi kI prAcInatA kA eka prabala pramANa hai / TIkAkAra ne pustaka kA artha tADa-patra athavA sapuTaka-patra sacaya kiyA hai aura karma kA artha usame vartikA Adi se likhanA / isI sUtra me Aye hue potyakAra (pustakakAra ) zabda kA artha TIkAkAra ne 'pustaka ke dvArA jIvikA calAne vAlA' kiyA hai / jIvAbhigama (3 prati 4 adhi0 ) ke potyAra (pustakakAra ) zabda kA bhI yahI artha hotA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pAThazAlA meM par3hane likhane kI ghaTanA bhI tAtkAlika lekhana-prathA kA eka pramANa hai / vIra-nirmANa kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM AkrAntA samrATa sikandara ke senApati niAsa ne likhA hai 33.-'bhAratavAsI loga kAgaja banAte the34 / ' IsavI ke dUsare zataka me tAr3a patra aura cauthe me bhoja-patra likhane

Page #84
74 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa ke vyavahAra meM lAe jAte the 35 / vartamAna meM upalabdha likhita granthoM meM I0 sa0 pAMcavIM me likhe hue patra milate haiM 36 / tathyoM ke AdhAra para hama jAna sakate haiM ki bhArata meM likhane kI prathA prAcInatama hai / kintu samaya-samaya para isake lie kina-kina sAdhanoM kA upayoga hotA thA, isakA do hajAra varSa purAnA rUpa jAnanA ati kaThina hai / moTe taura para hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki bhAratIya vAGmaya kA bhAgya lambe samaya taka kaNThastha - paramparA meM hI surakSita rahA hai / jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM paramparAo ke ziSya uttarAdhikAra ke rUpa meM apane-apane AcAryoM dvArA vidhAna kA akSaya koSa pAte the / Agama likhane kA itihAsa jaina dRSTi ke anusAra zruta-Agama kI vizAla jJAna rAzi 14 pUrva meM saMcita hai / ve kabhI likhe nahI ge| kintu amuka-amuka pariNAma syAhI se unake likhe jA sakane kI kalpanA avazya huI hai - dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla ke bAda mathurA meM -- Arya - skandila kI adhyakSatA meM sAdhu- saMgha ekatrita huA / AgamoM ko saMkalita kara likhA gayA aura Arya skandila ne sAdhuo ko anuyoga kI vAcanA dii| isa lie unakI vAcanA mAthurI vAcanA kahalAI / inakA samaya vIra nirmANa 827 se 840 taka mAnA jAtA hai / mathurA vAcanA ke ThIka samaya para vallabhI meM nAgArjuna sUri ne zramaNa saMgha ko ekatra kara AgamoM ko saMkalita kiyA / nAgAjuna aura anya zramaNoM ko jo Agama aura prakaraNa yAda the, ve likhe gae / sakalita AgamoM kI vAcanA dI gaI, yaha 'nAgArjunIya' vAcanA kahalAtI hai / kAraNa ki isameM nAgArjuna kI pramukhatA thI / vIra nirmANa 650 varSa meM devadvigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne phira Agamo ko pustakArUDa kiyA aura sagha ke samakSa usakA vAcanA kiyA | yaha kArya balabhI meM sampanna huA / pUrvokta dono vAcatAoM ke samakSa likhe gae AgamoM ke atirikta anya prakaraNa-grantha bhI likhe ge| dono vAcanAo ke siddhAnta kA samanvaya kiyA gayA aura jo mahatvapUrNa bheda the unhe 'pIThAntara' Adi vAkyAvalI ke sAtha Agama, TIkA, cUrNi me sagRhIta kiyA gayA 38 / 3

Page #85
jaina paramparA kA itihAse / 75 pratikriyA Agamo ke lipi-baddha hone ke uparAnta bhI eka vicAradhArA aisI rahI ki sAdhu pustaka likha nahI sakate aura apane sAtha rakha bhI nahI sakate / pustaka likhane aura rakhane meM doSa batAte hue likhA hai| 1-akSara likhane me kunthu Adi trasa jIvo kI hisA hotI hai, isalie pustaka likhanA sayama virAdhanA kA hetu hai3' / 2-pustako ko nAmAntara le jAte hue kadhe chila jAte hai, vraNa ho jAte hai| 3-unake chedo kI ThIka taraha 'paDilehanA' nahI ho sktii| 4-mArga meM bhAra bar3ha jAtA hai / 5-ve kunyu Adi jIvo ke Azraya hone ke kAraNa adhikaraNa hai ayavA cora Adi se curAye jAne para adhikaraNa ho jAte hai / 6-tIrthakaro ne pustaka nAmaka upadhi rakhane kI AjJA nahI dI hai / 7-unake pAsa me hote hue sUtra-guNana meM pramAda hotA hai-Adi-Adi / sAdhu jitanI bAra pustako ko bAMdhate hai, kholate hai aura akSara likhate hai unheM utane hI caturlaghuko kA daNDa AtA hai aura bhAjJA Adi doSa lagate hai40 / AcArya bhikSu ke samaya bhI aisI vicAradhArA thI / unhone isakA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| kalpya-akallya-mImAMsA Agama sUtro me sAdhu ko na to likhane kI spaSTa zabdo me AjJA hI hai aura na niSeva bhI kiyA hai| lipi kI aneka sthAno me carcA hone para sAdhu likhate the, isakI koI carcA nahI miltii| sAdhu ke lie svAdhyAya aura dhyAna kA vidhAna kiyA hai| usake sAtha likhane kA vidhAna nahIM miltaa| dhyAna koSThopagata, svAvyAya aura saddhyAna rakta Adi pado kI bhAMti-'lekha rakta' Adi zabda nahI milate42 / sAdhu kI upaghi-sakhyA me bhI lekhana sAmagnI ke kisI upakaraNa kA ullekha nahI milatA / ye saba purAkAla me 'jaina sAdhu nahI likhate the'isake poSaka hai / aisA eka mantavya hai| phira bhI unako likhane kA kalpa nahI thA -aisA unake AdhAra para nahIM kahA jA sakatA / inameM eka bAta avazya dhyAna dene yogya hai / vaha hai upavi ko sakhyA / kaI AcAryoM kA 14 upadhi se adhika upadhi na rakhane kA Agraha thaa| AcArya bhikSu ne isake pratikAra meM yaha batAyA

Page #86
76.] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 3 vaha hamAre AcAryo kI ki sAdhu inake atirikta upakaraNa rakha sakatA hai / prazna vyAkaraNa meM sAdhu ke lie lagAtAra 16 upadhi ginAye hai44 / anya sUtroM kI sAkSI se upadhi kA sakalana kiyA jAya to unakI sakhyA 30 taka pahu~ca jAtI hai / sAdhvI ke lie 4 upadhi aura sthavIra ke lie 11 upadhi aura adhika batalAe gae hai 45 / aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki upakaraNoM kI isa sakhyA se atirikta upakaraNa jo rakhe jAte hai, ve kaise ? isake uttara me kahanA hogA ki sthApanA hai | sUtra se viruddha na samajha kara unhone vaisI AjJA dI hai / jaisA ki AcArya bhikSu ne 6 kahA hai 4 | kevala likhane ke lie sambhavata 20-25 yA usase bhI adhika upakaraNoM kI jarUrata hotI hai| sUtro meM inake rakhane kI sApha zabdoM meM AjJA to dUra carcA taka nahI hai / isI AdhAra para kaiyo ne pustaka - panno tathA lekha - sAmagrI rakhane kA virodha kiyA / isa para AcArya bhikSu ne kahA ki sUtro me zuddha sAdhuo ke lie likhanA calA batAyA gayA hai47 | isalie panneM tathA lekha sAmagrI rakhane meM koI doSa nahI hai / kyoMki jo likheMge, unheM patra aura lekhanI bhI rakhane hoge / syAhI bhI aura sthAyI - pAtra bhI 48 / AcArya bhikSu ne sAdhu ko likhanA kalpatA hai aura jaba likhane kA kalpa hai taba usake lie sAmagrI bhI rakhanI hogI, aisA sthira vicAra prastuta ho nahI kiyA apitu pramANoM se samarthita - bhI kiyA hai / isake samarthana meM cAra zAstrIya pramANa die hai 49 / inameM nizItha kI prazasti gAthA ko chor3a kara zeSa tIno pramANa likhane kI prAcInatA ke sAdhaka hai - isame koI sandeha nahI / bahuvidha avagraha vAlI mati-sampadA se sAdhuo ke likhane kI paddhati kI spaSTa jAnakArI milatI hai / nizItha ko prazasti gAthA kA likhita ( lihiya ) zabda mahatara vizAkha gaNi kI lipi kA sUcaka mAnA jAya to yaha bhI likhane kA eka puSTa pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai / kintu yadi isa likhita dada ko anya artha meM liyA jAya to hameM mAnanA hogA ki mUla pATha me likhane kI bAta nahI milatI / isalie hame ise AcAryo ke dvArA kI huI sayauktika sthApanA hI mAnanA hogA / pUrvavartI AcAryoM ne zAstro kA viccheda na ho, isa dRSTi se Age cala kara pustaka rakhane kA vidhAna kiyA, yaha bhI unakI jIta - vyavahAra- paramparA hai50 /

Page #87
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [77 aMga-upAMga tathA cheda aura mUla - digamvara-sAhitya me Agamo ke do hI vibhAga milate hai--aMga-praviSTa aura aga-bAhya / zvetAmvara-paramparA me bhI mUla-vibhAga yahI rhaa| sthAnAMga, nandI Adi me yahI milatA hai| Agama-viccheda kAla me pUrvo aura ago ke ni!haNa aura zeSAMpa rahe, unhe pRthak sajJAeM milii| nizItha, vyavahAra, vRhatkalpa aura dazAzruta-skandha ko cheda-sUtra kahA gayA / Agama-puruSa kI kalpanA huI, taba aMga-praviSTa ko usake aMga sthAnIya aura vAraha sUtro kA upAMga-sthAnIya mAnA gyaa| puruSa ke jaise do paira, do jaMghAeM, do Uru, do gAtrArgha, do vAhu, grIvA aura zira-ye bAraha aga hote hai, vaise hI AcAra Adi zruta-purupa ke bAraha aga hai| isalie ye aga-praviSTa kahalAte hai51 / kAna, nAka, A~kha, jaghA, hAya aura paira-ye upAMga hai| zruta-purupa ke bhI aupapAtika Adi bAraha upAMga hai / vAraha agoM aura unake upAMgo kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai :-- upAMga aupapAtika sUtra rAjapraznIya jIvAbhigama prajJApanA bhagavatI sUrya-prajJapti mAtRvarma kathA jambUdvIpa prajJapti upAsakadazA candraprajJapti antakRd-dazA kalpikA anuttarIpapAtika dazA kalpAvatasikA prazna-vyAkaraNa puSpikA puSpa-cUlikA dRSTivAda vRSNi-dazA" aga AcAra sthAna samavAya vipAka

Page #88
7] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa upAMga kA prayoga umAsvAti ne apane tattvArdha-bhASya meM kiyA hai53 / aMga svataH aura upAMga parataH pramANa hai, isalie arthAbhivyakti kI dRSTi se yaha prayoga samucita hai| cheda kA prayoga unake bhASyoM meM milatA hai| mUla kA prayoga sabhavataH sabase adhika arvAcIna hai| dazavaikAlika, nandI, uttarAdhyayana aura anuyogadvAraye cAra mUla mAne jAte hai| kaI AcArya mahAnizItha aura jItakalpa ko milA cheda-sUtra chaha mAnate hai| kaI jItakalpa ke sthAna meM paMcakalpa ko chedasUtra mAnate hai| mUla-sUtro ko sakhyA meM bhI eka mata nahI hai| kaI AcArya Avazyaka aura ogha-niyukti ko bhI mUla-sUtra mAna inakI saMkhyA chaha batalAte hai| kaI odhaniyukti ke sthAna meM piNDa-niyukti ko mUla-sUtra mAnate hai / kaI AcArya nandI aura anuyogaddhAra ko mUla-sUtra nahI maante| unake anusAra ye cUlikA-sUtra hai| isa prakAra aga-bAhya zruta kI samaya-samaya para vibhinna rUpoM me yojanA huI hai / AgamoM kA vartamAna rUpa aura saMkhyA dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke pazcAt devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM zramaNasaMgha milA / bahuta sAre bahu-zruta muni kAla kara cuke the| sAdhuo ko sakhyA bhI kama ho gaI thii| zruta kI avasthA cintanIya thii| durbhikSa janita kaThinAiyoM se prAsuka bhikSAjIvI sAdhubho kI sthiti bar3I vicAraNIya thii| zruta kI vismRti ho gii| devarddhigaNi ne avaziSTa sagha ko valabhI me ekatrita kiyaa| unhe jo zruta kaNThastha thA, vaha unase sunaa| AgamoM ke AlApaka chinna-bhinna nyUnAdhika mile| unhoMne apanI mati se unakA saMkalana kiyA, saMpAdana kiyA aura pustakAda kiyaa| Agamo kA vartamAna saMskaraNa devaddhigaNi kA hai| aMgo ke kartA gaNadhara haiN| aga bAhya-zruta ke kartA sthavira hai / una sabakA sakalana aura sampAdana karane vAle devaddhigaNi hai / isalie ve AgamoM ke vartamAna-rUpa ke kartA bhI mAne jAte haiM 54 //

Page #89
[76 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa naMdo sUtra meM AgamoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai : Agama aga praviSTa aga bAhira (anaMga praviSTa) Avazyaka Avazyaka-vyatirikta AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vivAhaprApti, jJAtRdharmakayA, upAsakadazA, antakRdRzA, anuttaropapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAka, dRSTivAda / sAmAyaka, caturvizatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga, pratyAkhyAna - kAlika utkAlika uttarAdhyayana, dazAzruta-skandha, kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha, mahAnizItha, RpibhApita, jambU dvIpa prajJapti, dIpa sAgara prajJapti, candra pranapti, kSullikA vimAna pravibhakti, mahallikA vimAna. pravibhakti, agacUlikA, vagacUlikA, vivAhacUlikA, aruNovapAta, varuNovapAta, garulovapAta, gharaNovapAta, vesamaNovapAta, velagharovapAta, deviMdovapAta, utyAnazruta, samutthAna zruta, nAgapariyApanikA, nirayAvalikA, kalpikA, kalpavatasikA, puSpikA, puSpacUlikA, vRSNidazA, AzIviSabhAvanA, dRSTiviSabhAvanA cAraNa-bhAvanA, mahAsvapna-bhAvanA, tejoninisarga / dazavakAlika, kalpikAkalpika, cullakalpa zruta, mahAkalpa zruta,

Page #90
80 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, mahAprajJApanA, pramAdApramAda, nandI, anuyogadvAra, devendrastava, tandulavaicArika, candrAvedhyaka, sUryaprajJapti, pauruSI maMDala, maMDala praveza, vidyA-caraNa-vinizcarya, gaNi-vidyA, dhyAna-vibhakti, maraNavibhakti, Atma-vizodhi, vItarAga-zruta, salekhanA-zruta, vihAra-kalpa, caraNavidhi, Atura-pratyAkhyAna, mahA-pratyAkhyAna / ( na0 46 ) inameM se kucha Agama upalabdha nahI hai| jo upalabdha hai, unameM mUrti-pUjaka sampradAya kucha niyuktiyo ko milA 45 yA 84 AgamoM ko pramANa mAnatA hai / 45 AgamoM kI sUcI (1) AcArAMga (21) puSpikA (2) sUtrakRtAMga (22) puSpa-cUlikA (3) sthAnAMga (23) vRSNi-dazA (4) samavAyAMga (24) Avazyaka (5) vyAkhyA prajJapti (25) dazavakAlika (6) jJAtR dharma kathA (26) uttarAdhyayana (7) upAsakadazA (27) piNDa-niyukti (8) antakRddazA athavA ogha-niyukti (6) anuttaraupapAtika (28) nandI (10) prazna-vyAkaraNa (29) anuyogadvAra (11) vipAka (30) nizItha (12) aupapAtika (31) mahA-nizotha (13) rAjapraznIya (32) vRhatkalpa (14) jIvAjIvAmigama (33) vyavahAra (15) prajJApanA (34) dazAzruta-skadha (16) sUrya-prajJapti (35) pacakalpa ( vicchila ) (17) candra-prajJapti (36) Atura-pratyAkhyAna (18) jambUdvIpa-prajJapti (37) bhaktaparijJA (19) kalpikA (38) tandula-vaicArika 20) kalpAvatasikA (39) candra-vedhyaka

Page #91
(40) devendrastava ( 41 ) gaNi- vidyA (42) mahA - pratyAkhyAna 84 AgamoM kI sUcI jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 1 se 45 - pUrvokta 46 - kalpa-sUtra ( paryUSaNakalpa, jina-carita, sthavirAvali, samAcArI ) dono jIta - kalpa 47- - yatijIta - kalpa (somaprabha sUri ) 48 - zraddhAjIta - kalpa ( dharmaghoSasUri ) 46 - pAkSika-sUtra { 50 -- kSamApanA - sUtra 51 - vaMditu 52 -- RSi-bhASita 53 ---ajIva - kalpa 54 - gacchAcAra 55- maraNa- samAdhi 56 - siddha- prAbhRta 57 - tIrthodgAra (43) catuHzaraNa (44) vIrastava ' (45) saMstAraka 58--ArAdhanA-patAkA 56 - dvIpasAgara prajJapti 60 - jyotipa karaNDaka 61 - aMga - vidyA 62 - - tithi prakIrNaka 63 - piNDa - vizuddhi 64 - sArAvali 65 - paryantArAdhanA 66 - jIva vibhakti 67 - kavaca - prakaraNa 68 --- yoni-prAbhRta Avazyaka sUtra ke aga haiM / 66 - agacUliyA 70 - vaggacUliyA 71 - vRddha catu zaraNa 72 -- jambU- payannA 71 - Avazyaka-niryukti 74 - dazavekAlika - niryukti 75 --- uttarAdhyayana-niryukti 76---AcArAMga - niryukti 77 - sUtrakRtAMga - niryukti - sUrya-prajJapti 78 76 -- bRhatkalpa -niryukti - vyavahAra -05 81 -- dazAzrutaskagha - niryukti 82 -- RpibhASita- niryukti 83 --- sasakta niryukti 84 ( anupalabdha ) vizeSa Avazyaka bhASya 81

Page #92
'jaina paramparA kA itihAsa sthAnakavAsI aura terApantha ke anusAra mAnya Agama 32 hai| ve ye hai: / Agama 1-dazava kAlika 1-nizItha 2-vyavahAra 3-vRhatkalpa 4-dazAzruta 2-uttarA dhyayana 3-anuyoga skandha aMga upAMga 1-mAcArAMga 1-aupapAtika 2-sUtrakRtAMga 2-rAjaprabhIya 3-sthAnAMga 3-jIvAbhigama 4-samavAyAMga 4-prajJApanA 5-bhagavatI 5-jambUdvIpa6-jJAtRdharmakathA prApti 7-upAsakadazA 6-candra-prajJapti -antakRddazA 7-sUrya-prajJapti 8-anuttaropa- 8-nirayAvalikA pAtika -kalpavataMsikA 10-prabha-vyAkaraNa 10-puSpikA 11-vipAka 11-puSpicUlikA 12-vRSNidazA 4-nandI 1-Avazyaka AgamakA vyAkhyAtmaka Agama ke vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya kA prArambha niyukti se hotA hai aura vaha 'stabaka" va joDo-taka calatA hai / dvitIya bhadrabAhu ne 11 niyuktiyAM likhI :1-Avazyaka-niyukti 7-vRhatkalpa-niyukti 2-dazavakAlika-niyukti -vyavahAra-niyukti 3-uttarAdhyayana-niyukti 6-piNDa-niyukti 4-AcArAMga-niyukti 10-ogha-niyukti 5--sUtrakRtAMga-niyukti 11-RSibhASita-niryukti 6- dazAzrutaskaMdha-nirmukti

Page #93
[ 83 inakA samaya vikrama kI pA~cavI, chaThI zatAbdI hai / vRhatkalpa kI niyukti bhASya- mizrita avasthA me milatI hai, vyavahAra -niryukti bhI bhASya me milI - bhASya aura bhASyakAra - jaina 1 - dazarvakAlika - bhASya -vyavahAra-bhASya 3 - bRhatkalpa - bhASya 1 - Avazyaka 1 - dazavaikAlika niryukti aura bhASya padyAtmaka hai, ve prAkRta bhASA me likhe gae hai / cUrNiyA~ aura cUrNikAra 3 nandI 4- anuyogadvAra 5- uttarAdhyayana 6 - AcArAMga 7 sUtrakRtAMga - nizItha cUrNiyA~ gadyAtmaka hai | inakI bhASA prAkRta yA saMskRta mizrita prAkRta hai / nimna Agama granyo para cUrNiyAM milatI haiM : 10 - dazAzruta- skagha 11 - bRhat kalpa 12 - jIvAbhigama 5 paramparA kA itihAsa -} 4- - nizItha bhASya 5 - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya -- jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ( sAtavI zatAbdI ) 6- pacakalpa-bhASya- - dharmasena gaNI , ( chaThI zatAbdI ) 13 - bhagavatI 14 - mahA-nizItha 15 - jItakalpa 16 -- pacakalpa 17 - ogha niryukti -yavahAra prathama ATha cUrNiyo ke kartA jinadAsa mahattara hai / inakA jIvanakAla vikrama ko mAnavI zatAbdI hai / jItakalpa-cUrgI ke karttA siddhasena sUri haiM / unakA jIvanakAla vikrama kI 12 vI zatAbdI hai / vRhatkalpa cUrNI pralamba sUri kI kRti hai / zepa cUrNikAroM ke viSaya me abhI jAnakArI nahI mila rahI hai / davaikAlika kI eka cUrNi aura hai / usake karttA hai-- gastya siMha muni | u nakA samaya abhI bhalIbhAMti nirNIta nahI huA 1 -

Page #94
84] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa TIkAeM aura TIkAkAra - AgamoM, ke ..pahale saMskRta-TIkAkAra haribhadra sUri hai| unhoMne Avazyaka, dazavakAlika, nandI, anuyogadvAra, jambUdvIpa-prajJapti aura jIvAbhigama para TIkAeM likhii| vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI me,umAsvAti ne jaina-paramparA meM jo saMskRtavAGmaya, kA dvAra kholA, vaha aba vistRta hone lgaa| zIlAMka sUri ne AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMka para TIkAeM likhii| zeSa nava aMgo ke TIkAkAra hai-abhayadeva sUri / anuyogadvAra para maladhArI hemacandra kI TIkA hai| nandI, prajJApanA, vyavahAra, candra-prajJapti, jIvAbhigama, Avazyaka, vRhatkalpa, rAjapraznIya Adi ke TIkAkAra malayagiri haiN| Agama-sAhitya kI samRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha nyAya-zAstra ke sAhitya kA bhI, vikAsa huA / vaidika aura bauddha nyAya-zAstriyo ne apane-apane tattvoM ko tarka kI kasauTI para kasa kara janatA ke sammukha, rakhane kA yala kiyA / taba jaina nyAya . zAstrI bhI isa ora mudd'e| vikrama.. kI pAMcavI zatAbdI meM nyAya kA jo nayA srota calA, vaha bArahavI zatAbdI meM bahuta vyApaka ho calA ! aThArahavI zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM nyAya-zAstriyoM kI gati kucha zithila ho gii| Agama ke vyAkhyAkAroM kI paramparA Age bhI calI / vikrama kI 16 vI sadI me zrImad bhikSu svAmI aura jayAcArya Agama ke yazasvI vyAkhyAtA hue / zrImad bhikSu svAmI ne Agama ke saikar3oM durUha sthalo para prakIrNa vyAkhyAeM likhI haiM / jayAcArya ne AcArAMga prathama zruta-skandha, jJAtA, prajJApanA, uttarAdhyayana ( 27 adhyayana) aura bhagavatI sUtra para padyAtmaka vyAkhyA likhI / AcArAMga (dvitIya zruta-skadha ) kA vArtika aura Agama-sparzI aneka prakaraNa race / isa prakAra jaina-sAhitya Agama, Agama-vyAkhyA aura nyAya-zAstra se bahuta hI samRddha hai / inake AdhAra para hI hama jaina darzana ke hRdaya ko chUne kA yatna kreNge| paravartI-prAkRta sAhitya Agama-lopa ke pazcAt digambara-paramparA meM jo sAhitya racA gayA, usame sarvopari mahattva SaTa-khaNDAgasa aura kaSAya-prAmRta kA hai /

Page #95
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [65 pUrvo aura ago ke bace-khuce aMzo ke lupta hone kA prasaMga AyA / taba AcArya dharasena (vikrama dUsarI zatAbdI ) ne bhUtavali aura puSyadanta nAma do sAdhuo ko zrutAbhyAsa karAyA / ina donoM ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kI / lagabhaga isI samaya me AcArya guNadhara hue / unhone kapAya-prAbhRta racA / ye pUrvo ke gezAMpa hai| isalie inheM pUrvo se uddhRta mAnA jAtA hai / ina para prAcIna kaI TIkAe likhI gaI hai, ve upalabdha nahIM hai| jo TIkA vartamAna me upalabdha hai, vaha AcArya vIrasena kI hai / inhone vikrama saMvat 873 me SaTakhaNDAgama kI 72 hajAra zloka-pramANa ghavalA TIkA likhii| kaSAya-pAhuDa para 20 hajAra zloka-pramANa TIkA likhI / vaha pUrNa na ho sakI, bIca me hI unakA svargavAsa ho gayA / use unhI ke ziSya jinasenAcArya ne pUrNa kiyA / usakI pUrti vikrama samvat 864 me huI / usakA zeSa bhAga 40 hajAra zloka-pramANa aura likhA gyaa| dono ko milA isakA pramANa 60 hajAra zloka hotA hai| isakA nAma jaya-dhavalA hai| yaha prAkRta aura saskRta ke sakrAnti kAla kI racanA hai / isIlie isame donoM bhASAo kA mizraNa hai / paTa-khaNDa kA antima bhAga mahA-badha hai / isake racayitA AcArya bhUtavali hai / yaha 41 hajAra zloka-pramANa hai / ina tInoM grantho me karma kA bahuta hI sUkSma vivecana hai| vikrama kI dUsarI zatI me AcArya kundakunda hue| inhone adhyAtmavAda kA eka nayA srota pravAhita kiyA / inakA jhukAva nizcayanaya kI ora adhika thA / pravacanasAra, samayasAra aura paMcAstikAya-ye inakI pramukha racanAe hai| iname AtmAnubhUti kI vANI Aja bhI unake antara-darzana kI sAkSI hai / vikrama dazavI zatAbdI meM AcArya nemicanda cakravartI hue / unhone gommaTa- - sAra aura labdhisAra-kSapaNAsAra-ina do grantho kI racanA kii| ye bahuta hI-- mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte hai / ye prAkRta-zaurasenI bhASA kI racanAe~ hai| zvetAmvara-AcAryo ne madhyayuga meM jaina-mahArASTrI me likhA / vikrama kI tIsarI zatI me zivazarma sUri ne kammapapaDI, umAsvAti ne jambUdvIpa samAsa ,

Page #96
56 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa likhA / vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM saghadAsa kSamAzramaNa ne vAsudeva hindI nAmaka eka kathA anya likhA, isakA dUsarA khaNDa dharmasenagaNI ne likhA55 / isame vasudeva ke paryaTana ke sAtha-sAtha aneka loka-kathAo, caritro, vividha vastro, utsavo aura vinoda-sAdhano kA varNana kiyA hai / jarmana vidvAn AlsaphorDa ne ise vRhatkathA ke samakSa mAnA hai56 / vikrama kI sAtavI zatAbdI me jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa hue| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya inakI prasiddha kRti hai / yaha jainAgamo kI carcAo kA eka mahAn koSa hai / jItakalpa, vizeSaNavatI , vRhat-saMgrahaNI aura vRhat-kSetra-samAsa bhI inake mahatvapUrNa grantha hai| - haribhadra sUri vikrama kI AThavI zatI ke vidvAn AcArya hai / "samarAicca kahA" inakA prasiddha kathA-grantha hai| saskRta-yuga meM bhI prAkRta-bhASA meM racanA kA krama calatA rahA hai| madhya kAla meM nimitta, gaNita, jyotiSa, sAmudrika zAstra, Ayurveda, mantravidyA, svapna-vidyA, zilpa-zAstra, vyAkaraNa, chanda, koSa Adi aneka viSayaka grantha likhe gae hai57 / saMskRta sAhitya viziSTa vyaktiyo ke anubhava, unakI saMgrahAtmaka nidhi, sAhitya aura usakI AdhAra bhASA-ye tIno cIjeM duniyAM ke sAmane tattva rakhA karatI hai / sUraja, havA aura AkAza kI taraha ye tIno cIjeM sabake lie samAna hai / yaha eka aisI bhUmikA hai, jahA~ para sAmpradAyika, sAmAjika aura jAtIya yA isI prakAra ke dUsare-dUsare saba bheda miTa jAte hai / ___ saMskRta-sAhitya ke samRddhi ke lie kisane prayAsa kiyA yA kisane na kiyAyaha vicAra koI mahatva nahI rakhatA / vADamaya-saritA sadA abheda ko bhUmi me bahatI hai| phira bhI jaina, bauddha aura vaidika kI tripatha-gAminI vicAra dhArAeM hai ve tripathagA (gagA) kI taraha lambe arse taka vahI hai| prAcIna vaidikAcAryoM ne apane sArabhUta anubhavoM ko vaidika saMskRta meM rkhaa| jaino ne ardhamAgadhI bhASA aura bauddho ne pAlI bhASA ke mAdhyama se apane vicAra prastuta kie / isake bAda me ina tInoM dharmoM ke uttaravartI AcAryoM ne jo sAhitya

Page #97
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 87 banAyA, vaha laukika ( vartamAna meM pracalita ) saMskRta ko pallavita karane vAlA hI hai / laukika saMskRta meM likhane ke sambandha me kisane pahala kI aura kauna pIche se likhane lagA, yaha prazna ho sakatA hai kintu granya kisane kama race aura kisane adhika race - yaha kahanA jarA kaThina hai / sakkaya pAya ceva, pasatya isi bhAsiya 50 saMskRta aura prAkRta --- ye dono zreSTha bhASAeM hai aura RSiyoM kI bhASAe hai / isa taraha Agama-praNetAo ne saMskRta aura prAkRta kI samakakSatA svIkAra karake saskRta kA adhyayana karane ke lie jaino kA mArga prazasta vanA diyA | saMskRta bhASA tArkiko ke tIkhe tarka- bANo ke lie tUNIra bana cukI / isalie isa bhASA kA adhyayana na karane vAlo ke lie apane vicAro kI surakSA khatare meM thI / ata sabhI dArzanika saMskRta bhASA ko apanAne ke lie tejI se pahala karane lage / jainAcArya bhI isa daur3a me pIche nahI rahe / ve samaya kI gati ko pahacAna ne vAle the, isalie unakI pratibhA isa ora camakI aura svayaM isa ora mur3e / unhone pahale hI kadama me prAkRta bhASA kI taraha saMskRta bhASA para bhI adhikAra jamA liyA / jisa taraha se vaidika loga vedo ko aura bauddha tripiTaka ko svata pramANa mAnate hai, usI prakAra jaino ke lie gaNipiTaka ( dvAdazAMgI ) svata pramANa hai / gaNipiTaka ke aga meM jo caudaha pUrva the, ve saskRta bhASA me hI race gae -- paramparA se aisI anubhUtI cala rahI hai / kintu una pUrvo ke vicchinna ho jAne ke kAraNa unakI saMskRta kA kyA rUpa thA, yaha batAne ke lie koI sAmagrI upalabdha nahI hai / jaina sAhitya abhI jo upalabdha ho rahA hai, vaha vikrama samvat se pahale kA nahI hai / itihAsakAra yaha mAnate hai ki vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI me umAsvAti ne tattvArtha sUtra ( mokSa - zAstra ) kI racanA kii| jaina paramparA me saMskRta kalpavRkSa kA yaha pahalA phUla thA / umAsvAti ne samyag darzana, samyag - jJAna aura samyag - caritra jinheM jaina darzana mokSa mArga ke rUpa meM mAnatA hai, ko sUtroM me suvyavasthita kiyA | jainetara vidvAnoM ke lie jana-darzana kA paricaya pAne ke

Page #98
88] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa lie yaha grantha Aja bhI pramukha sAdhana hai / umAsvAti ne aura bhI aneka grantho kI racanA kI, jiname 'prazamarati' eka atyanta mahatvapUrNa grantha hai / usameM prazama aura prazama se paidA hone vAle Ananda kA sundara nirUpaNa aura prAsaGgika bahuta se tathyo kA samAveza hai, jaise kAla, kSetra, mAtrA, sAMtmya, dravya-guru-lAghavaM svabalam jJAtvA yo'bhyavahArya bhuGkate ki bheSajastasya // umAsvAti kI pratibhA tattvo kA saMgraha karane meM baDI kuzala thI / tattvArthasUtra meM vaha bahuta camakI hai / AcArya hemacandra ne bhI kahA hai --'upomAsvAti saMgRhItAra 56...' itihAsakAra mAnate hai ki siddhasena divAkara cauthI aura pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke bIca meM hue, ve mahAn tArkika, kavi aura sAhityakAra the| unhoMne battIsa battIsiyoM ( dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA ) kI racanA kI / ve racanA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / uname bhAvo kI gahanatA aura tArkika pratibhA kA camatkAra hai / inake viSaya meM kalikAla sarvajJa AcArya hemacandra ke ye vicAra hai kva siddhasenastutayo mahArthI ? azikSitAlApakalA kva caipA ? tathApi yUthAdhipateH pathasthaH, skhaladgati stasya zizurna zocyaH / 60 'anusiddhasena kavayaH, siddhasena coTI ke kavi the 61 / unhone anekAnta dRSTi kI vyavasthA ko aura aneka dRSTiyo kA sundara Dhaga se samanvaya kiyA / Agamo meM jo anekAnta ke bIja bikhare hue paDe the, unako pallavita karane me siddhasena aura samantabhadra-ye donoM AcArya smaraNIya hai| bhAratIya nyAya-zAstra para ina donoM AcAryoM kA varada hAtha rahA, yaha to ati spaSTa hai| siddhasena ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI stuti karate hue sAtha me virodhI dRSTikoNoM kA bhI samanvaya kiyA--- kvacinniyatipakSapAtaguru gamyate te ' vacaH svabhAvaniyatA prajA. samayatatravRttAH kvacit ?

Page #99
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [89 svaya kRtabhuja. kvacita parakRtopabhogAH puna narvA vizada-vAda ! doSa-malino'syaho vismaya.6 / paramAtmA meM apane ko vilIna karate hue siddhasena kahate hai na zabdo, na rUpa raso nApi * gandho, na vA sparzalezo na varNo na liGgam / na pUrvAparatvaM na yasyAsti sajJA, sa eka parAtmA gatime jitendr-63|| jaina-nyAya kI paribhASAo kA pahalA rUpa nyAyAvatAra meM hI milatA hai / AcArya samantabhadra ke vipaya meM do mata hai-~kucha eka itihAsakAra inakA astitva sAtabI zatAbdI meM mAnate hai aura kucha eka cauthI zatAbdI me 64 // unakI racanAe devAgama-strota, yuktyanuzAsana, svayabhU-strota Adi hai / Adhunika yuga kA jo sava se adhika priya zabda 'sarvodaya' hai, usakA prayoga AcArya samantabhadra ne vaDe cAmatkArika Dhaga se kiyA hai sarvAntavat tad guNamukhyakalpa, sarvAntazUnyaJca mitho'napekSam / sarvApadAmantakara niranta, sarvodaya tIrthamida tavaiva 6 // vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI me jaina paramparA meM jo saskRta-sAhitya kizorAvasthA me thA, vaha pAMcavIM se aThArahavI zatAbdI taka taruNAvasthA meM rhaa| aThArahavI zatAbdI me upAdhyAya yazovijayajI hue, jo eka viziSTa zrutadhara vidvAn the / jinhone saskRta-sAhitya ko khUba samRddha banAyA / unake kucha eka tathya bhaviSya kI bAta ko spaSTa karane vAle yA krAnta-darzana ke pramANa hai| AtmapravRttAvati jAgarUka , parapravRttI badhirAndhamUkaH / sadA cidAnandapadopabhogI, lokottaraM sAmyamupaiti yogI 66 // mahAtmA gAMdhIjI ko jo bheTa svarUpa tIna vandara mile the, unameM jo Aropita kalpanAe hai, ve isa zloka ke 'vadhirAndhamUka' zabda meM spaSTa saMketita hai|

Page #100
10] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne kevala darzana-kSetra meM hI samanvaya nahI kiyA balki yoga ke viSaya meM bhI bahuta baDA samanvaya prastuta kiyaa| pAtaJjala yogasUtra kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa, yogadIpikA, yogaviMzikA kI TIkA Adi aneka grantha usake pramANa hai| inhone navya-nyAya kI zailI me adhikAra pUrvaka jaina-nyAya ke grantha taiyAra kie / banArasa meM vidvAno se samparka sthApita karake jaina-nyAya kI pratiSThA bahuta baDhAI / ye 'laghuharibhadra' ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hue| haribhadra sUri kA samaya vikrama kI AThavI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / inhone 1444 prakaraNoM kI racanA kI aisA suprasiddha hai 67 / iname se jo prakaraNa prApta hai, ve inake prakhara pANDitya ko batAne vAle hai| anekAnta-jayapatAkA Adi Akara (bar3e ) grantha dArzanika jagat ke gaurava ko parAkASThA taka pahuMcA dete hai / yazovijaya ne yoga ke jisa mArga ko vizuddha banAyA usake Adi bIja haribhadra sUri hI the| yoga-dRSTi-samuccaya, yoga-vindu, yoga-viMzikA Adi samanvayAtmaka grantha yoga ke rAste me naye kadama the / diDanAga-racita nyAya-praveza kI TIkA likha kara inhone jaino ko bauddha-nyAya kA adhyayana karane ke lie prerita kiyaa| samanvaya kI dRSTi se inhoMne naI dizA dikhaaii| lokatattva-nirNaya kI kucha eka sUktiyA~ dRSTi meM tAjagI bhara detI hai jaise pakSapAto na me vIre, na dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimad vacana yasya, tasya kArya. parigrahaH // dArzanika-mUrdhanya akalaMka, udyotana sUri jinasena, siddhaSi Adi-Adi aneka dUsare-dUsare bar3e pratibhAzAlI sAhityakAra hue| samasta sAhityakAro ke nAma batAnA aura unake grantho kI gaNanA karanA jarA kaThina hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki jainAcAryoM ne pracalita samasta viSayoM meM apanI lekhanI uThAI / aneka grantha aise vRhatkAya banAe, jinakA zloka-parimANa 50 hajAra se bhI adhika hai / siddharSi kI banAI huI 'upamiti-bhava-prapaJca kathA' kathA-sAhitya kA eka udAharaNIya grantha hai / kuvalayamAlA, tilaka maJjarI, yazastilaka-campU Adi aneka gadyAtmaka grantha bhASA kI dRSTi se baDe mahattvapUrNa hai| caritrAtmaka kAvya bhI bahuta bar3I

Page #101
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [61 satyA me likhe gae / jo saskRta nahI jAnate hai, unakA bhI saskRta ke prati jo AkarSaga hai usakA ekamAtra yahI kAraNa hai ki usame mahApuruSo ke jIvana-caritra sakalita kiye gae hai| ___nIti-zAstra aura artha-zAstra ke jo grantha likhe gae, unakI bhApA ne bhI logo ko apanI ora adhika AkRSTa kiyaa| saskRta-sAhitya kI rasabharI sUktiyAM aura apanI svatantra vizeSatAe rakhane vAle siddhAnta jana-jana kI javAna para Aja bhI apanA sthAna banAye hue hai| AcArya hemacandra ne arhantIti nAmaka jo eka sakSita granya banAyA hai, usame kucha eka aise tattva hai jo yuddha ke nage ne apane viveka ko kho baiThe hai, unake bhI viveka ko jagAne vAle hai / udAharaNa ke taura para eka zloka paDhie sandigyo vijayo yuddha, 'sandigyaH purupakSayaH / satsvanyevilupAyepu, bhUpo yuddha vivarjayet 8 // vyAkaraNa bhApA kA AdhAra hotA hai / gujarAta aura vagAla me pANinivyAkaraNa kA pracalana bahuta thoDA thA / vahA~ para kAlApaka aura kAtantra vyAkaraNa ko mukhatA thii| kintu ye dono vyAkaraNa sarvAGgapUrNa aura sAMgopAMga nahI the| AcArya hemacandra ne sAMgopAMga 'siddha hema zabdAnuzAsana' nAmaka vyAkaraNa kI racanA ko / unakA gaurava bar3e zraddhA bhare gando me gAyA gayA hai- * kiM stumaH zabdapAyoghehemacandrayatematim / ekenApi hi yenehaka, kRta zabdAnuzAsanam // vyAkaraNa ke pA~ca aga hai ! sUtra, gaNapATha sahita vRtti, dhAtupATha, uNAdi aura liGgAnuzAsana / ina saba ago kI svaya akele hemacandra ne racanA karake sarvathA svatantra vyAkaraNa banAyA / jaino ke dUsare bhI cAra vyAkaraNa haiM-vidyAnanda, muNTi, jainendra aura gAkaTAyana / aThArahavI zatAbdI ke vAda saMskRta kA pravAha sarvathA ruka gayA ho, yaha bAta nahIM / vIsavI sadI mai terApaMtha sampradAya ke muni zrI cauthamalajI ne 'bhikSu gandAnuzAsana' nAmaka mahAvyAkaraNa kI racanA kii| AcArya lAvaNya sUri ne

Page #102
621 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa dhAtu-ratnAkara ke sakalana meM bahuta bar3A prayatna kiyaa| isa sadI meM dUsare bhI bahuta se prayatna saskRta-sAhitya kI racanA ke lie hue / jaino ne kevala sAhitya-praNayana ke dvArA hI saskRta ke gaurava ko nahI baDhAyA kintu sAhitya ko sundara akSaro meM lipibaddha karake pustaka bhaNDAro meM usakI surakSA karate hue saskRta kI dhArA ko avicchinna rUpa se cAlU rakhA / bahuta se bauddha aura vedika-zAstro kI pratilipiyA~ Aja bhI jaina-bhaNDAro meM surakSita hai| ___ jainAcAryo ne bahuta se jainetara-grantho kI TIkAebanA kara apane anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa kA sundara paricaya diyA / bhAnucandra aura siddhacandra kI banAI huI jo kAdambarI kI TIkA hai, use paDito ne mukhya rUpa se mAnya kiyA hai / jainAcAryo ne raghuvaza, kumArasambhava, naiSadha Adi aneka kAvyo kI TIkAe banAI hai / sArasvata, kAtantra Adi vyAkaraNa, nyAya-zAstra tathA aura bhI dUsare viSayo ko lekara isa taraha apanI lekhanI calAI ki sAhitya sabhI kI samAna sampatti haiyaha kahAvata caritArtha ho gii| ___ kalikAla sarvajJa AcArya hemacandra kA samaya saskRta ke hrAsa kI ora jhukane vAlA samaya thA / AcArya hemacandra prAkRta aura apabhraza ke samarthaka the| phira bhI unhone saskRta-sAhitya ko khUba samRddha banAyA / phalataH usake ruke hue pravAha ko antima zvAsa ginane kA maukA na mila skaa| AcArya hemacandra ne pUrvAcAryoM kI AlocanAeM kI aura unakI vizeSatAo kA Adara bhI kiyA / 'sUkSmadarzinA dharma-kIrtinA' Adi ko jenetara AcAryoM ke viSaya me inake udgAra nikale hai, ve inakI udAra-vRtti ke paricAyaka hai| samasta jana vidvAno ke prauDhatama toM, naye-naye unmepavAle vicAro, cirakAla ke manyana se taiyAra kI huI navanIta jaisI sukumAra racanAo, himAlaya jaise ujjavala anubhavo aura sadAcAra kA nirUpaNa saskRta bhASA meM huA hai| madhyayuga janAcAryo ne alaukika saskRta-bhASA ko janasAdhAraNa ko bhASA karane kA jo prayatna kiyA hai, sambhavata usakA mUlyAMkana ThIka nahI ho paayaa| Agamo kI vRttiyo aura TIkAoM meM saMskRta-bhASA ko vyApaka banAne ke lie madhyayuga ke ina AcAryoM ne prAntIya zabdo kA bahuta sagraha kiyA / uttaravartI

Page #103
63 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa saskRta-lekhaka bhI usI paddhati kA anusaraNa karate to Aja saskRta ko mRta-bhASA kI upAdhi na milatI / yaha sambhava nahIM ki koI bhI bhASA jana-samparka se dUra raha kara cirajIvI vana sake / kore sAhityika rUpa me rahane vAlI bhApA jyAdA Tika nahI sktii| ___ aneka vyaktiyo ne saskRta ko upekSA kI najara se dekhA kintu samaya-samaya para unheM bhI isako apekSA rakhanI par3I hai| isakA spaSTa kAraNa yaha hai ki saskRta meM logo ke zraddhA-spada dhArmika vicAro kA sagraha aura bahuta se stutyAtmaka granya hai| AcArya hemacandra ne paramArhata rAjA kumArapAla ke prAta smaraNa ke lie vItarAgastava banAyA / usakA pATha karate hue bhAvuka vyakti bhakti-saritA meM gote khAne laga jAte hai| tava preSyo'smi dAso'smi, sevaka'smyasmi kiGkara / omiti pratipadyasva, nAtha nAta para brave0 // isa zloka me bhAcArya hemacandra vItarAga ke caraNo me Atma-samarpaNa karake bhAra-mukta honA cAhate hai / aura kahI para yaha kaha baiThate hai ki kalyANasiddha ya sAdhIyAn, kalireva kapopala / vinAgni gandha-mahimA kAkatuNDasya naidhate.1 // vItarAga me bhakti-vibhora bana kara AcArya hemacandra kalikAla ke kaNTo ko bhI bhUla jAte hai| kAvya ke kSetra me bhI jainAcArya pIche nahIM rahe / tripaSTizalAkA purupacaritra, zAntinAtha caritra, padmAnanda mahAkAvya aura bharata-bAhubali Adi kAvya kAvyajagat me zIrpasthAnIya hai / unakI TIkAeM na hone ke kAraNa Aja bhI unakA pracAra paryApta nahI hai / vahuta mAre kAvya Aja bhI aprakAzita hai, isalie loga unakI vizeSatAo se aparicita hai| aSTalakSArthI kAvya me 'rAjAno dadate saukhyam' ina ATha akSaro ke ATha lAkha artha kiye gaye hai| isase AcArya ne do tathya hamAre sAmane rakhe hai-eka to yaha ki varNo me ananta paryApta hai| dUsarA tathya yaha ki saskRta me eka aisA lacIlApana hai ki jisase vaha aneka vivartI (parivartano) ko saha sakatA hai / sapta-sandhAna kAvya me buddhi kI vilakSaNatA hai| vaha mAnasa ko Azcarya-vibhora kiye detI hai| pratyeka zloka meM sAta vyaktiyo

Page #104
64) jaina paramparA kA itihAsa kA jIvana-caritra paDhA jAtA hai| unhone zabda-lAlitya ke sAtha bhAva-lAlitya kA bhI pUrA dhyAna rakhA hai| duSTa svabhAva vAle vyaktiyo ke bIca darAra DAlane kI vizAla zakti hotI hai| usakI vizAlatA ke sAmane kavi ko bar3e bar3e samudra aura pahAr3a bhI choTe se dIkhane lagate hai| bhavatAt taTinIzvarontarA viSamo'stu kssitibhRcyontraa|| saridastu jalAdhikAntarA pizuno mAstu kilAntarAvayo 72 // apane bar3e bhAI samrATa bharata ko mArane ke lie parAkrama-mUrti bAhubali kI muSTi jyohi uThatI hai, tyohI devavANI se vaha zAnta ho jAtI hai| kavi isa sthiti ko aise sundara Dhaga se rakhatA hai ki pAThaka zamarasa-vibhora bana jAte hai / ayibAhubale kalahAyavala, bhavato bhavadAyaticAru kimu prajighAMsurasitvamapi svaguru, yadi tadguruzAsanakRtaka iha // 66 // nRpa / sahara-saMhara kopamima tava yena pathA caritazvapitA sara tAM saraNi hi pituH padavI, na jahatyanadyAstanayAH kvacana // 71 // dhariNI hariNInayanA nayate, bazatAM yadi bhUpa / bhavantamalam vidhuro vidhirepa tadA bhavitA, gurumAnanarUpa ihA kSayata // 72 // tava muSTimimAM sahate bhuvi ko, harihetimivAdhikaghAtavatIm / bharatA carita carita manasA, smara mA smara kelimiva zramaNa // 73 // ayi sAdhaya sAdhaya sAdhupada bhaja zAntarasaM taramA sarasam / RSabhadhvaja vaMzanabhastaraNe / taraNAya mana. kila dhAvatu te // 74 //

Page #105
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa iti yAvadimA gaganAGgaNato, marutAM vicaranti gira zirasaH / apanetumimAMzcikurA nakarod, valamAtmakareNa sa tAvadayam // 75 // aprakAzita mahAkAvya kI garimA se loga avagata ho isa dRSTi se usake kucha zloka yahA~ prastuta kiye gae hai / mujhe AzakA hai ki viSaya adhika lambA na ho jAya / phira bhI kAvyarasa kA AsvAda choDanA jarA kaThina hotA hai| khaira, kAvya-parAga kA thoDA-sA AsvAda aura cakha leM / [ ey ahaha api / 4 11 culligRhepU vadhUkara prathitabhasma mahAvasanA gurutarAmapi jAnati yAminI, hutabhujopi himai smaduttA iva kavi yahA~ para rAtri jAgaraNa kA varNana karatA huA sardI kI vibhIpikA paidA karatA hai / kavi vizva kI aura acetana padArtho kA nikaTatA se anubhava karatA hai| uname vaha kisI kI bhI upekSA nahI karatA / marusthala ke mukhya vAhana U~Ta to bhUle bhI kaise jA sakte hai | unake bAre me vaha bar3e majedAra DhaMga se kahatA hai pAThako ke dilo me bhI goda me ramane vAle cetana bhare yathA rohati bhUri rAvA, nirasyamAne ravaNAstathAsan / sadaiva sarvAGga vahirmukhAnAM hitAhitajJAnaparAMgamukhatvam75 / / yahA~ hamane atIta ke sAhitya para eka sarasarI najara DAlI hai yA yo kahie ki 'sthAlI pulAka' ke nyAyAnusAra hamane kucha eka sthalo kI parIkSA kI hai / sirpha sundara atIta kI raTa lagAne se bhaviSya ujjvala vanA nahI karatA / isalie tAjI dRSTivAloM ko vartamAna dekhanA cAhie / jisa yuga maiM yaha AvAja bulanda ho rahI hai ki saMskRta mRta bhASA hai, usa yuga meM bhI jaina use sajIva banA rahe hai | Aja bhI naye kAvya, TIkAe prakaraNa aura dUsare grantha banAe jA rahe hai | aNuvrata Andolana ke pravartaka AcArya zrI tulasI isa viSaya me bahuta vaDA prayatna kara rahe hai| AcArya zrI ke aneka ziSya Azukavi hai / bahuta-sI mAdhviyAM vaDI tatparatA se saskRta ke adhyayana meM salagna hai / sabhI

Page #106
e6 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa kSetroM meM yadi isa taraha kA vyApaka pracAra ho to AzA kI jAtI hai ki mRta kahI jAne vAlI saMskRta bhASA amRta bana jAya / zAnta rasa ke AsvAda ke sAtha aba maiM isa viSaya ko pUrA kara rahA hU~ / goti-kAvya kI madhura-lahariyA~ sunane se sirpha kAno ko hI tRpta nahI karatI balki dekhane se A~kho me bhI anUThA ullAsa bhara detI hai / zatrujanAH sukhina same, matsaramapahAya, santu gantu manasotyamI, zivasaukhyagRhAya / sakRdapi yadi samatAlavaM hRdayena lihanti vidita sAratata iha rati, svata eva vahanti 76 // prAdezika sAhitya digambara AcAryo kA pramukha vihAra kSetra dakSiNa rahA / dakSiNa kI bhASAo meM unhone vipula sAhitya racA / kannaDa bhASA meM jaina kavi ponna kA zAntipurANa, papa kA AdipurANa aura pampabhArata Aja bhI bejor3a mAnA jAtA hai / ratna kA gadA-yuddha bhI bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / IsA kI dasavI zatI se 16 vI zatI taka jaina maharSiyoM ne kAvya, vyAkaraNa, zabda koSa, jyotiSa, vaidyaka Adi vividha viSayo para apane grantha likhe aura karNATaka- saMskRti ko paryApta samRddha banAyA / dakSiNa bhArata kI pAMca drAviDabhASAoM meM se kannar3a eka pramukha bhASA hai / usame jaina sAhitya aura sAhityakAra Aja bhI amara hai77 / tAmila bhI dakSiNa kI prasiddha bhASA hai / isakA jainasAhitya bhI bahuta samRddha hai / isake pA~ca mahAkAvyo me se tIna mahAkAvya cintAmaNi, silappaDikAram aura valetApati - jaina kaviyo dvArA racita hai / nanno tAmila kA vizruta vyAkaraNa hai / kurala aura nAladiyAra jaise mahAn grantha bhI jaina maharSiyo kI kRti hai / gujarAtI sAhitya uttara bhArata zvetAmbara AcAryoM kA bhASAo me digambara-sAhitya pracura hai / vaha kama hai / AcArya hemacandra ke samaya se vihAra kSetra rhaa| uttara bhArata kI para zvetAmbara - sAhitya kI apekSA gujarAta jaina sAhitya aura saMskRti se prabhAvita rahA hai / AnandaghanajI, yazovijayajI Adi aneka yogiyo va

Page #107
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 97 maharpiyo ne isa bhASA me likhaa| vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie 'jaina gurjara kavio' dekhie / rAjasthAnI sAhitya rAjasthAnI me jana-sAhitya vizAla he| isa sahasrAbdI me rAjasthAna jainamuniyo kA pramukha vihAra-sthala rahA hai| yati, savina, sthAnakavAsI aura terApanya sabhI ne rAjasthAnI me likhA hai| rAsa aura caritro kI saMkhyA pracura hai| pUjya jayamalajI kA pradezI rAjA kA carita bahuta hI rocaka hai| kavi samaya sundarajI kI racanAo kA saMgraha agaracandajI nAhaTA ne abhI prakAgita kiyA hai| phuTakala DhAlo kA saMkalana kiyA jAe to itihAsa ko kaI naI jhAMkiyAM mila sakatI hai| rAjasthAnI bhApAo kA mota prAkRta aura apabhra za hai| kAla-parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha dUsarI bhApAo kA bhI sammizraNa huA hai| rAjasthAnI sAhitya tIna zailiyo me likhA gayA hai-(1) jaina zailI (2) cAraNI zailI (3) lokika shailii| jaina zailI ke lekhaka jaina-sAdhu aura yati athavA unase sambandha rakhane vAle loga hai| isa zailI meM prAcInatA kI jhalaka milatI hai| aneka prAcIna zabda aura muhAvare isame Age taka cale Aye hai| jaino kA sambandha gujarAta ke sAtha vizepa rahA hai| ata: jaina zailI me gujarAtI kA prabhAva bhI dRSTigocara hotA he / cAraNI galI ke lekhaka pradhAnatayA cAraNa aura gauNa rUpa me anyAnya loga hai (jaino, brAhmaNo, rAjapUto, bhATo Adi ne bhI isa zailI meM racanA kI hai| isame bhI prAcInatA kI puTa milatI he para vaha jaina zailI se bhinna prakAra ko hai, yadyapi jainoM ko apanaza racanAo me bhI, vizepa kara yuddha-varNana mai, usakA mUla dekhA jA sakatA hai| 'DiMgala vastuta: apabhraMza zailo kA hI vikasita rUpa hai 71 terApanya ke AcArya bhikSu ne rAjasthAnI-sAhitya meM eka nayA srota vahAyA / adhyAtma, anuzAsana, brahmacarya, dhArmika-samIkSA, rUpaka, loka-kathA aura apanI anubhUtiyo se use vyApakatA kI ora le cle| unhone gadya bhI vahuta likhA / unakI sArI racanAo kA pramANa 38 hajAra zloka ke lagabhaga hai| mAravADI ke TheTha gando me likhanA aura manovaijJAnika vizlepaNa karanA

Page #108
8.] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa unakI apanI vizeSatA hai| unakI vANI kA srota krAnti aura zAnti dono dhArAo meM bahA hai| brahmacArI ko mita-bhojI honA caahie| amita-bhojI kI zArIrika aura mAnasika durdazA kA unhone sajIva citra khIcA hai : ati AhAra thI dukha huve, gale rUpa bala gAta / paramAda nidrA Alasa huvai, bale aneka roga hoya jAta // ati AhAra thI viSaya badha, dhaNoija phATai peTa / dhAna amAU UratAM, hAMDI phATa neTa 79 // phATai peTa atyanta re, bandha hudai nADiyAM / bale zvAsa leve, abakho thako e|| balai hove ajIraNa roga re| mukha bAsai buro, peTa jhAle Apharo e // te uThe ukAlA peTa re, cAla klmlii| bale chUTai mukha thUkanI e|| DIla phira cakDola re, pita ghUme ghaNA / cAle mujala bale mulakaNI e|| Avai mIThI ghaNI DakAra re| bale Avai gucalakA, jada AhAra bhAga ulaTo paDai e // hAMDI phATai neTa re, adhiko ariyAM / to peTa na phATai kiNa bidhai e // brahmacArI ima jANa re, adhiko nahI jImie / uNodarI meM e guNa ghaNA e80|| nava padArtha, vinIta-avinIta, vratAnnata, anukampA, zIla rI navabAr3a Adi, unako pramukha racanAeM hai| terApaMtha ke caturtha AcArya zrImajayAcArya mahAkavi the| unhoMne apane jIvana meM lagabhaga sAr3he tIna lAkha zloka pramANa gadya-padya likhe| unakI lekhanI meM pratibhA kA camatkAra thaa| ve sAhitya aura adhyAtma ke kSetra meM aniruddha gati se cle| unakI saphalatA kA svataH pramANa unakI amara kRtiyA~ hai| unakA tattva-jJAna praur3ha thaa| zraddhA, tarka aura vyulati kI

Page #109
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [66 triveNI me Aja bhI unakA hRdaya bola rahA hai / jina-vANI para unakI aTUTa zraddhA thI / vicAra-bheda kI duniyAM ke lie ve tArkika the| sAhitya, saMgIta, kalA, saskRti-ye unake vyutpatti-kSetra the / unakA sarvatonmukhI vyaktitva unake yugapurupa hone kI sAkSI bhara rahA hai / kuzala TIkAkAra jayAcArya ne jaina-AgamoM para aneka TIkAe likhI / unakI bhASA mAravAr3I hai-gujarAtI kA kucha mizraNa hai / ve padya-baddha hai / saMgIta ko svara laharI se thirakatI gItikAo meM jaina tattva-mImAMsA capalatA se taira rahI hai| uname aneka samasyAoM kA samAdhAna aura vizada AlocanA-AtmalocanAeM hai| sabase bar3I TIkA bhagavatI sUtra kI hai, usakA granthamAna karIva 80 hajAra zloka hai / sahI artha meM ve the kuzala TIkAkAra / vAtikakAra aura stavakakAra AcArAMga-dvitIya zrutaskagha ke jaTila vipayo para unhone vArtikA likhA / usameM vividha ulajhana bhare pATho ko vizada carcA ke sAtha sulajhAyA hai / aura visavAda-sthAnIya sthalo ko bar3e puSTa pramANoM se saMvAdita kiyA hai| yo to usa samUce zAstra kA TabbA bhI unhone likhA / eka tulanAtmaka dRSTi abhaya deva82, zolokAcArya:3, zAMtyAcArya4, haribhadra85, maladhArI hemacandra86, aura malayagiri87,-jaina-AgamoM ke prasiddha saMskRta-TokAkAra hue haiN| inakI TIkAo me Agamika TIkAmao kI apekSA dArzanika carcAo kA vAhulya hai| inake pahale Agamo kI TokAe prAkRta meM likhI gaI / ve niyukti08, bhASya aura cUrNi. ke nAma se prasiddha hai / iname Agamika carcAo ke atirikta jaina darzana kI tarka sagata vyAkhyAe bhI milatI hai| jaina tattvo kI tArkika vyAkhyA karane meM vizeSyAvazyaka bhASyakAra jinabhadra ne anUThA kauzala dikhAyA hai / niyukti aura bhASya pada-baddha hai aura cUrNiyAM gadyamaya / cUNiryo me mukhyatayA bhASya kA vipaya sakSetra me likhA gayA hai / jaina AcArya loka bhASA ke popaka rahe hai / isalie jaina-sAhitya bhASA

Page #110
100] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / uttara bhArata aura dakSiNa bhArata kI vividha bhASAe Aja bhI jaina-dharma kI vyApakatA kI gAthA gA rahI hai| pAyacandasUri aura dharma siha 1 nuni ne gujarAtI meM TabbA likhe 2 / vistRta TIkAo meM rasa pAna jinake lie sugama nahI thA, unake lie ye bar3e upayogI bane / dUsare, jyojyo saMskRta kA prasAra kama ho rahA thA, tyo-tyo loga viSaya se dUra hote jA rahe the| inakI racanA usa kamI kI pUrti karane meM saphala siddha huI / hajAro jaina muni inhI ke sahAre siddhAnta ke niSNAta vane / jayAcArya 20 vI sadI ke mahAn TIkAkAra hai / unakI TIkAeM saiddhAntika carcAoM se bharI pUrI hai| zAstrIya viSaya kA Alor3ana-pratyAlaur3ana me ve itane gahare utare jitanA ki eka saphala TIkAkAra ko utaranA cAhie / dArzanika vyAkhyAe lambI nahI calI hai / saiddhAntika vidhi-niSedha aura visavAdo para unakI lekhanI tava taka nahI kI, jaba taka jijJAsA kA dhAgA nahI TUTA / eka bAta ko siddha karane ke lie aneka pramANa prastuta karane me unheM apUrva kauzala milA hai / siddhAnta samAlocanA kI dRSTi se unakI TIkAe vejor3a hai-~-yaha kahA jA sakatA hai aura eka samIkSaka kI dRSTi se kahA jA sakatA hai / prabandhakAra Apane karIva 16 prabandha likhe / uname kaI choTe hai aura kaI baDe / bhASA sahaja aura sarasa hai / sabhI raso ke varNana ke bAda zAnta-rasa kI dhArA bahAnA unakI apanI vizeSatA hai / jagaha-jagaha para jaina-saskRti aura tattva-jJAna ko sphuTa chAyA hai| inake adhyayana se pAThaka ko jIvana kA lakSya samajhane meM bar3I saphalatA milatI hai / kavi kI bhAvukatA aura saMgIta kI madhura svara-laharI se jagamagAte ye prabandha jIvana kI sarasatA ora lakSya prApti ke parama upAya hai| adhyAtmopadeSTA unakI lekhanI kI noka adhyAtma ke kSetra me bar3I tIkhI rahI hai / ArAdhanA mohajIta, phuTakara DhAleM - ye aisI racanAeM hai, jinameM acetana ko cetanAvAn banAne kI kSamatA hai|

Page #111
[101 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa vividha racanAeM-carcA kA nayA srota bhrama vidhvaMsana, jinAjJA mukhamaDana, kumati vihaDana, sadeha vipopadhi Adi cArcika anya, zraddhA kI caupAI, phuTakara DhAleM Adi saskRti ke udbodhaka nantha, unako kuzAgnIyatA ke sajaga praharI hai| Agama samanvaya ke sraSTA / AcArya bhikSu kI vividha racanAo kA jaina-Agamo se samanvaya kiyA, yaha Apako maulika sUjha hai / Apane ina kRttiyoM kA nAma rakhA 'siddhAnta sAra' / AcArya bhikSu kI vicAra-dhArA jaina sUtro se pramANita hai, yaha svataH nitara AyA hai / isake pahale Agama se darzana karane kI praNAlI kA udgama huA pratIta nahI hotaa| jayAcArya isake sraSTA hai| stutikAra __ jayAcArya kA hRdaya jitanA tAttvika thA, utanA hI zraddhAlu / unhone tIrthakara, AcArya aura sAdhuo kI stuti karane me kucha uThA nahI rkhaa| ve guNa ke sAtha guNI kA Adara karanA jAnate the| unakI prasiddha racanA 'cauvIsI' bhakti-rasa ko sajala saritA hai| siddhasena, samantabhadra, hemacandra aura Anandaghana jaise tapasvI lekhako kI dArganika stutiyoM ke sAtha jayAcArya ne eka naI kaDI jodd'ii| unakI stuti-racanA me Atma-jAgaraNa kA udvodha hai| sAdhaka ke lie darzana aura AtmodvIva-ye dono Avazyaka hai / Atmodvodha ke vinA darzana me Agraha kA bhAva baDha jAtA hai / isalie dArzanika kI khyAti pAne se pahale adhyAtma kI gikSA pAnA jarUrI hai| jIvanI-lekhaka bhArata ke prAcya sAhitya meM jIvaniyA~ likhane kI prathA rahI hai| usameM atiraMjana adhika milatA hai| apanI kathA apane hAtho likhanA ThIka nahI samajhA jAtA thaa| isalie jina kinhI kI likhI gaI, ve prAyaH dUsaro ke dvArA likhI gii| dUsare vyakti vizeSa zraddhA yA anya kizI svArtha se prerita ho likhate, isalie inakI kRti me yathArthavAda kI apekSA artha-vAda adhika rahatA / jayAcArya isake apavAda rahe hai / unhone bIsiyo choTI-moTI jIvaniyA~ likhii| savame yathArtha-dRSTi kA pUrA-pUrA dhAna rkhaa| vastu sthiti ko spaSTa

Page #112
102] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa karane ke sivAya ve Age nahI baDhe / jIvanI ke lekhako meM jayAcArya kA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| bhikSujaza rasAyana, hema navaraso Adi ApakI likhI huI prakhyAta jIvaniyA~ hai| itihAsakAra terApatha ke itihAsa ko surakSita rakhane kA zreya jayAcArya ko hI hai / unhone AcArya bhikSu ko vizeSa ghaTanAoM kA saMkalana kara eka mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyaa| sAdhu-sAdhviyo kI 'khyAta' kA sagraha krvaayaa| isa dizA meM aura bhI aneka kArya kie| maryAdA puruSottama jayAcArya kI zAsana-zailI eka kuzala rAjanItijJa kI sI thii| ve anuzAsana aura saMgaThana ke mahAn nirdezaka the| unhone saMgha ko suvyavasthita rakhane ke lie choTe-bar3e aneka maryAdA-granya likhe / AcArya bhikSu racita maryAdAoM kI padya-baddha racanAe kI / AcArya bhikSukRta "likhano kI jor3a' eka apUrva racanA hai| gadya-lekhaka prAcIna loka-sAhitya meM gadya bahuta kama likhA gyaa| pratyeka racanA padyo meM hI kI jaatii| jayAcArya bahuta bar3e gadya-lekhaka hue hai| unhone 'AcArya bhikSuke dRSTAnta' itanI sundaratA se likhe hai, jo apanI priyatA ke lie prasiddha hai| mahAn-zikSaka jIvana-nirmANa ke lie zikSA nitAnta Avazyaka tattva hai / zikSA kA artha tattva kI jAnakArI nhii| usakA artha hai jIvana ke vizleSaNa se prApta honevAlI jIvana-nirmANa kI vidyaa| jayAcArya ne eka manovaijJAnika kI bhA~ti apane saMgha ke sadasyo kI mAnasika vRttiyo kA adhyayana kiyaa| gahare manana aura cintana ke bAda usa para likhaa| yadyapi isa viSaya para koI svatantra grantha nahI likhA, kaI phuTakara DhAleM likhI, kintu unameM mAnava kI manovRttiyo kA jisa sajIvatA ke sAtha vizleSaNa huA hai vaha apane Dhaga kA nirAlA hai| jIvana ko banAne ke lie, manakI vRttiyo ko sudhArane ke lie, jo sujhAye hai, ve acUka hai|

Page #113
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [103 AcArya zrI tulasI kI rAjasthAnI me aneka racanAe hai| uname kAlU yazovilAsa pramukha kRti hai / usame apane gurudeva kAlagaNI ke jIvana kA sAMgopAMga varNana hai| usakA eka prasaMga yaha hai : mevADa ke loga zrIkAlugaNI ko apane deza padhArane kI prArthanA karane Aye hai| unake hRdaya me baDI taDapha hai| unakI antara-bhAvanA kA mevAr3a kI medinI me Aropa kara Apane baDA sundara citraNa kiyA hai : 'patita-udhAra padhArie, sage savala lahi thATa / bhedapATa nI medinI, jove khaDi-khar3i bATa // saghana ziloccayanai miSe, UcA kari-kari hAtha / caMcala dala zikharI miSe, de jhAlA jaganAtha // nayaNAM viraha tumAraDe, jharai nijharaNA jAsa / bhramarArAva bhrame karI, laha lAMvA niHzvAsa // kokila kUjita vyAja thI, tirAja uDAvai kAga / araghaTa khaTa khaTakA karI, dila khaTaka dikhAvai jAga // maiM acalA acalA rahI, kima pahucai mama sandeza / ima jhura jhura manu jhUraNA, sakocyo tanu suvishess"93|| isame kevala kavi-hRdaya kA sArasya hI udvelita nahI huA hai, kintu ise paDhate-paDhate mevADa ke hare-bhare jagala, gaganacumbI parvatamAlA, nirbhara, bhavare, koyala, ghar3iyAla aura stokabhUbhAga kA sAkSAt ho jAtA hai| mevAr3a kI UMcI bhUmi me khar3I rahane kA, girizRGkhalA me hAtha UMcA karane kA, vRkSo ke pavana-cAlita dalo me AhvAna karane kA, madhukara ke guJjArava me dIrghoSNa nizvAsa kA, kokila-kUjana me kAka uDAne kA AropaNa karanA ApakI kavi-pratibhA kI maulika sUjha hai| rahaTa kI ghaDiyo meM dila kI TIsa ke sAtha-sAtha rAtrijAgaraNa kI kalpanA se vedanA me mArmikatA A jAtI hai| usakA carama rUpa antarjagat me na raha sakane ke kAraNa vahirjagat meM A sAkAra bana jAtA hai| use kavi-kalpanA sunAne kI apekSA dikhAne meM adhika sajIva huI hai| antarvyathA se pIDita mevADa kI medinI kA kRza zarIra vahA~ kI bhaugolika sthiti kA sajIva citra hai|

Page #114
104] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa maghavA gaNI ke svarga-vAsa ke samaya kAlugaNI ke manobhAvo kA Akalana karate hue Apane guru-ziSya ke madhura sambandha eva viraha-vedanA ko jo sajIva varNana kiyA hai, vaha kavi kI lekhanI kA adbhuta camatkAra hai : "nehaDalA rI kyArI mhArI, mUkI nirAdhAra / isaDI kAM kodhI mhArA, hivar3e rA hAra // citaDo lAgyo re, manar3o lAgyo re / khiNa khiNa samarU', guru thAMro upagAra re|| kima bisarAye mhArA, jIvana - AdhAra / vimala vicAra cArU, abbala AcAra re|| kamala jyU~ amala, hRdaya avikAra / Aja sudi kadi nahI, lopI tuja kAra re // bahyo bali bali tuma, mITa vicAra / to re kyAM padhAkhyA, moye mUko iha vAra re // sva svAmI ru ziSya-guru, sambandha visAra 94 / piNa sAMcI jana-zruti, jagat majha ra re|| eka pakkhI prIta nahI, paDai kadi pAra / piU piU karata, parpayo pukAra re|| piNa nahI mudira nai, phikara ligAra 15 // jaina-kathA-sAhitya meM eka prasaga AtA hai| gajasukumAra, jo zrIkRSNa ke choTe bhAI the, bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke pAsa dIkSita bana usI rAta ko dhyAna karane ke lie zmazAna cale jAte haiN| vahA~ unakA zvasura somila AtA hai| unheM sAdhu-mudrA me dekha usake krodha kA pAra nahI rhtaa| vaha jalate aMgAre lA muni ke zira para rakha detA hai| muni kA zira khicaDI kI bhaoNti kalakalA uThatA hai| usa dazA meM ve adhyAtma kI ucca bhUmikA meM pahu~ca 'cetana-tanabhinnatA' tathA 'sama zatrau ca mitre ca' kI jisa bhAvanA me ArUr3ha hote hai, usakA sAkAra rUpa ApakI eka kRti meM milatA hai| use dekhate-dekhate draSTA svayaM Atma-vibhora bana jAtA hai| adhyAtma kI UttAla UrmiyA~ use tanmaya kie detI hai :

Page #115
[105 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa "jaba ghare zIza para khIre, dhyAve yoM dhRti dhara dhIre / hai kauna variSTha bhuvana me jo mujhako Akara pIre // maiM apano rUpa pichArne, ho udaya jJAnamaya bhAnU / vAstava me vastu parAI, kyoM apanI karake mAnU // maiMne jo sakaTa pAye, saba mAtra inhI ke kAraNa / ava to saba jajIre, dhyAve yo dhRti dhara dhIre // kavake ye bandhana mere, avalo nahI gaye bikhere / jaba se maiMne apanAye, taba se DAle dRDha Dere // sambandha kahA mere se, kahA bhaiMsa gAya ke laage| hai nija guNa asalI hIre, ghyAve yo dhRti ghara dhiire|| meM cetana cinmaya cArU, ye jar3atA ke adhikArU / maiM akSaya aja avinAzI, ye galana-milana vizarArU // kyo prema inhI se ThAyo,

Page #116
106 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa durgati kI dalanA aba bhI ho rahU~ pAyo / pratIre, ghyAve yo dhRti ghara dhIre // yaha milyo sakhA hitakArI, uttae~ agha kI bhArI / nahiM dvepa-bhAva dila lAU~, kaivalya palaka me pAU~ // jAU~, pahu~cAU~ / prAcIre, prakSaya ho bhava ghyAve yo dhRta ghara ghIre // saccidAnanda bana lokAna sthAna nahiM marU nakabahI janmU, kahiM parUna jaga jhaMjhaTa meM / phira jarU~ na Aga-lapaTa me, ra paDa Una pralaya jhapaTa meM // duniyAM ke dAruNa dukha meM, dhadhakata zokAnala dhuka nahiM dhukU sahAya meM / sabhI re, ghyAve yo dhRti ghara ghIre // - me, nahiM vahU~ salila sroto nahi rahU~ bhanna poto meM, nahiM jahU~ rUpa nahi lahU~ kapTa nahiM chidU ghAra maiM mhAro, mato meM // talavArAM,

Page #117
/ 107 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa nahiM bhirdU bhalla bhalakArA, cahe Aye zatru sabhIre, dhyAve yo dhRti dhara dhiire|" isame Atma-svarUpa, mokSa, sasAra-bhramaNa aura jar3a-tattva kI sahaja-sarala vyAkhyA milatI hai / vaha TheTha dila ke antaratala me paiTha jAtI hai| dArzanika kI nIrasa bhASA ko kavi kisa prakAra rasa-paripUrNa banA detA hai, usakA yaha eka anupama udAharaNa hai / hindI-sAhitya hindI kA Adi srota apabhra za hai / vikrama kI dasavI zatAbdI se jaina vidvAn isa ora jhuke / terahavI zatI me AcArya hemacandra ne apane prasiddha vyAkaraNa siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana meM isakA bhI vyAkaraNa likhaa| usame udAharaNasthalo me aneka utkRSTa koTi ke dohe uddhRta kie hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara dono paramparAgo ke manISI isI bhASA meM purANa, mahApurANa, stotra Adi likhate hI cale gae / mahAkavi svayambhU ne padmacarita likhaa| rAhulajI ke anusAra tulasI rAmAyaNa usame bahuta prabhAvita rahA hai| rAhulajI ne svayambha ko vizva kA mahA kavi mAnA hai / caturmukhadeva, kavi raidhu, mahAkavi puSpadanta ke purANa apabhraMza me hai| yogIndra kA yogAsara aura paramAtma prakAza satasAhitya ke pratIka grantha haiN| hindI ke nae-nae rUpo meM jaina-sAhitya apanA yoga detA rhaa| pichalI cAra-pA~ca zatAbdiyo me vaha yoga ullAsa-vardhaka nahI rhaa| isa zatAbdI me phira jaina-samAja isa ora jAgarUka hai- aisA pratIta ho rahA hai|

Page #118

Page #119
cAra 106-134 jaina dharma para samAja kA prabhAva dharma aura samAja bihAra kA krAnti ghoSa tattvacarcA kA pravAha bimbasAra-zreNika ceTaka rAjarSi salekhanA vistAra aura sakSepa jaina saMskRti aura kalA kalA citrakalA lipikalA yApatyakalA

Page #120

Page #121
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 111 ] dharma aura samAja dharma asAmAjika-vaiyaktika tattva hai| kintu dharma kI ArAdhanA karane vAlo kA samudAya banatA hai, isalie vyavahAra me dharma bhI sAmAjika bana jAtA hai| sabhI tIrthakaro kI bhApA meM dharma kA maulika rUpa eka rahA hai| dharma kA sAdhya mukti hai, usakA sAvana dvirUpa nahI ho sktaa| usame mAtrA-bheda ho sakatA hai, kintu svarUA bheda nahI ho sktaa| mukti kA artha hai-- bAhya kA pUrNa tyAga-sUkSma garIra kA bhI tyAga / isIlie mumukSu-varga ne vAhya ke asvIkAra pakSa ko puSTa kiyA / yahI tatva bhinna bhinna yugo me nirgranya-pravacana, jina-vANI aura jana-dharma kI sajA pAtA rahA hai| bhAratIya mAnasa para tyAga aura tapasyA kA prativimba hai, usakA mUla jana-dharma hI hai / ___ ahiMsA aura satya kI sAdhanA ko samAja-vyApI banAne kA zreya bhagavAn / pArzva ko hai / bhagavAn pArzva ahiMsaka paramparA ke unnayana dvArA bahuta lokapriya ho gae the| isakI jAnakArI hame "purisAdANIya"-purupAdAnIya vizeSaNa ke dvArA milatI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn pArzva ke lie isa vizeSaNa kA sammAnapUrvaka prayoga karate the / yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai-Agama kI bhASA me sabhI tIrthakaro ne aisA hI prayatna kiyaa| pro0 tAna-yunazAna ke anusAra ahiMsA kA pracAra vaijJAnika tathA spaSTa rUpa se jaina tIrthakaro dvArA aura vizeSakara 24 tIrthaMkaro dvArA kiyA gayA hai, jiname antima mahAvIra-vardhamAna the| vihAra kA krAnti-ghoSa __ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne usI zAzvata satya kA upadeza diyA, jisakA unase pUrvavartI tIrthakara de cuke the / kintu mahAvIra ke samaya kI paristhitiyo ne unakI vANI ko ojapUrNa banAne kA avasara diyaa| hiMsA kA prayojana pakSa sadA hotA hai-kabhI manda kabhI tIna / usa samaya hiMsA saiddhAntika pakSa meM bhI svIkRta thii| bhagavAn ne isa hiMsA ke AcaraNa ko doharI mUrkhatA kahA / unhoMne kahA-prAtaH snAnAdi se mokSa nahI hotA 3 | jo subaha aura zAma

Page #122
112] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa - jala kA sparza karate hue-jala snAna se mukti batalAte hai, ve ajJAnI hai| huta se jo mukti batalAte hai, ve bhI ajJAnI hai / snAna, havana Adi se mukti batalAnA aparIkSita bacana hai / pAnI aura agni meM jIva hai / saba jIva sukha cAhate hai isalie jIvoM ko dukha denA mokSa kA mArga nahI hai-yaha parIkSita bacana hai / jAti kI koI vizeSatA nahI hai 7 / jAti aura kula trANa nahI banate 8 / jAti-mada kA ghora virodha kiyA / brAhmaNo ko apane gaNoM kA pramukha banA unhone jAti samanvaya kA Adarza upasthita kiyaa| unhone loka-bhASA me upadeza dekara bhASA ke unmAda para tIna prahAra kiyA ' / AcAra dharma ko pramukhatA de, unhone vidyA-mada kI burAI kI ora spaSTa saMketa kiyA / lakSya kA viparyaya samajhAte hue bhagavAn ne kahA-"jisa taraha kAlakUTa viSa pIne vAle ko mAratA hai, jisa taraha ulTA grahaNa kiyA huA zastra zastradhArI ko hI ghAtaka hotA hai aura jisa taraha vidhi se vaza nahI kiyA huA baitAla mantradhArI kA hI vinAza karatA hai, usI taraha viSaya kI pUrti ke lie grahaNa kiyA huA dharma AtmA ke patana kA hI kAraNa hotA hai / vaiSamya ke viruddha Atma-tulA kA marma samajhAte hue bhagavAn ne kahA"pratyeka darzana ko pahale jAnakara maiM prazna karatA hU~," he vAdiyo / tumhe sukha apriya hai yA duHkha apriya ? yadi tuma svIkAra karate ho ki du kha apriya hai to tumhArI taraha hI sarva prANiyo ko, sarva bhUto ko, sarva jIvo ko aura sarva satvoM ko du kha mahA bhayakara, aniSTa aura azAntikara hai 12 / yaha saba samajha kara kisI jIva kI hiMsA nahI karanI caahie| isa prakAra bhagavAna ko vANI me ahisA kI samagnatA ke sAtha-sAtha vaiSamya,... jAtivAda, bhASAvAda aura hiMsaka manobhAva ke viruddha krAnti kA uccatama ghoSa thA / usane samAja kI antar-cetanA ko nava jAgaraNa kA saMdeza diyaa| tattva carcA kA pravAha ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI tapaH pUta vANI ne zramaNoM ko AkRSTa kiyaa| bhagavAna pArzva kI paramparA ke zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tIrtha me sammilita ho

Page #123
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 113 gae / anya tIrthika sanyAsI bhI bhagavAn kI pariSad me Ane lage / ambaDa, skandaka, pudgala 15 aura ziva 16 Adi parivrAjaka bhagavAn ke pAsa Ae, prazna kie aura samAcAna pA bhagavAn ke ziSya bana gae / kAlodAyI Adi anya yUthiko ke prasaga bhagavAn ke tattva- jJAna kI vyApaka carcA para prakAza DAlate hai ' 17 | bhagavAn kA tattva-jJAna vahuta sUkSma thA / vaha yuga bhI dharma-jijJAsuo se bharA huA thA / somila brAhmaNa, 18 ke zramaNopAsaka, 9 jayantI zrAvikA, 20 " roha, piMgala mAkandI, zramaNo ke prazna tattva-jJAna kI bahatI dhArA ke svaccha pratIka hai / bimbasAra zreNika bhagavAn jIvita dharma the / unakA sayama anuttara thA / vaha unake ziSyo ko bhI sayamamUrti banAe hue thaa| mahAnirgranya anAtha ke anuttara sayama ko dekhakara magadha samrAT vimbasAra - zreNika bhagavAn kA upAsaka vana gayA / vaha jIvana ke pUrva kAla meM buddha kA upAsaka thaa| usako paTArAnI celaNA mahAvIra kI upAsikA thI / usane samrAT ko jaina banAne ke aneka prayatna kiye / samrAT ne use bauddha banAne ke prayatna kiye / para koI bhI kisI ora nahI jhukA / samrAT ne mahAnirgranya anAtha ko dhyAna-lIna dekhA / unake nikaTa gae / vArtAlApa huA / anta meM jaina vana gae 3 1 I hai ceTaka KH isake pazcAt zreNika kA jaina pravacana ke sAtha ghaniSTa samparka rahA / samrAT putra aura mahAmantrI abhayakumAra jaina the / jaina paramparA meM Aja bhI abhayakumAra kI buddhi kA varadAna mAMgA jAtA hai| jaina sAhitya me abhayakumAra sambandhI aneka ghaTanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai 24 / 7 1 14 yA naga P zreNika kI 23 rAniyAM bhagavAn ke pAsa pravrajita huI 25 / usake aneka putra bhagavAn ke ziSya vane 26 / samrAT zreNika ke aneka prasaMga Agamo me ullikhita vaizAlI 18 dezo ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke Adi kA gaNarAjya thA / usake pramukha mahArAjA ceTaka the / mAmA the / jaina zrAvakoM meM unakA pramukha sthAna thA /

Page #124
114 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 1 ve bAraha vratI zrAvaka the / unake sAta kanyAe~ thI / ve jaina ke sivAya kisI dUsare ke sAtha apanI kanyAoM kA vivAha nahI karate the / zreNika ne celaNA ko kUTanItika DhaMga se vyAhA thA / ceTaka ke sabhI jAmAtA prArambha se hI jaina the / zreNika pIche jaina bana gayA / ceTaka kI putriyoM ceTaka ke jAmAtAoM ke nAma ke nAma prabhAvatI padmAvatI mRgAvatI zivA jyeThA sujyeSThA celaNA udAyana dadhivAhana zatAnIka unakI rAjadhAnI ke nAma sidhu sauvIra campA kauzambI avantI caNDa pradyota C bhagavAn ke bhAI nandivardhana ( sAdhvI bana gaI ) bimbasAra (zreNika ) kuNDagrAma magadha ceTaka kA bhISaNa sagrAma huA thA / saMgrAma pAlana karate the / anAkramaNakArI para prahAra nahI karate the / inake sAtha apane dauhitra koNika ke bhUmi meM bhI ve apane vrato kA karane the / eka dina meM eka bAra se adhika zastra prayoga nahI gaNarAjya me jaina-dharma kA samucita prasAra huA / gaNarAjya ke aThAraha sadasya nRpa nau mallavI aura nau licchavI bhagavAn ke nirvANa ke samaya vahI pauSadha kiye hue the / rAjarSi meM da bhagavAn ke pAsa ATha rAjA dIkSita hue- isakA ullekha sthAnAMga sUtra milatA hai / unake nAma isa prakAra hai: - (1) vIrAMgaka ( 2 ) vIrayazA ( 3 ) sajaya (4) eNeyaka ( 5 ) seya ( 6 ) ziva ( 7 ) udAyana ) zaMkha-kAzIvardhana | iname vIrAMgaka, vIrayazA aura sajaya - ye prasiddha hai / TIkAkAra abhaya - deva sUri ne isake atirikta koI vivaraNa prastuta nahI kiyA hai / eNeyaka zvetavikA nareza pradezI kA sambandhI koI rAjA thA / seya amalakatyA nagarI kA adhipati thaa| ziva hastinApura kA rAjA thA / usane socA - me vaibhava se sampanna hU~, yaha mere pUrvakRta zubha karmoM kA phala hai / mujhe vartamAna meM

Page #125
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 115 bhI zubha karma karane caahie| yaha soca rAjya putra ko saupA / svaya dizAprokSita tApasa bana gyaa| do-do upavAsa kI tapasyA karatA aura pAraNA me per3a se gire hue pattoM ko khA letA, isa prakAra kI caryA karate hue use vibhaga avavi-jJAna utpanna hunaa| usase usane sAta dvIpa aura sAta samudro ko dekhaa| yaha vizva sAta dvIpa aura sAta samudra pramANa hai, isakA janatA meM pracAra kiyaa| bhagavAn ke pradhAna ziSya gautama bhikSA ke lie jA rahe the| logo me ziva rAjapi ke siddhAnta kI carcA sunii| ve bhikSA lekara lautte| bhagavAn se pUchA-bhagavan ! dvIpa-samudra kitane hai ? bhagavAn ne kahA- asatya hai| gautama ne use pracArita kiyaa| yaha vAta ziva rAjarpi taka phuNcii| vaha sadigdha humA aura usakA vibhaga avadhi lupta ho gyaa| vaha bhagavAn ke samIpa AyA, vArtAlApa kara bhagavAn kA ziSya bana gayA' 8 / / udAyana sindhu, sauvIra Adi solaha janapado kA adhipati thaa| dasa mukaTavaddha rAjA isake AdhIna the| bhagavAn mahAvIra lambI yAtrA kara vahA~ padhAre / rAjA ne bhagavAn ke pAsa muni-dIkSA lii| vArANasI ke rAnA zakha ke bAre meM koI vivaraNa nahI miltaa| antakRd dazA ke anusAra bhagavAna ne rAjA alaka ko vArANasI meM pravrajyA dI thii| sabhava hai yaha unhI kA dUsarA nAma hai / usa yuga me zAsaka-sammata dharma ko adhika mahattva milatA thaa| isalie rAjAo kA dharma ke prati AkRSTa honA ullekhanIya mAnA jaataa| jaina-dharma ne samAja ko kevala apanA anugAmI banAne kA yatna nahIM kiyA, vaha use vratI banAne ke pakSa para bhI bala detA rahA / zAzvata satyoM kI ArAdhanA ke sAthasAtha samAja ke vartamAna dopoM se bacane ke lie bhI jaina-zrAvaka prayatnazIla rahate the| cAritrika uccatA ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo AcAra-sahitA dI, vaha samAja meM mAnasika svAsthya kA vAtAvaraNa banAe rakhane meM sakSama hai / vAraha vrato ke aticAra isa dRSTi se mAnanIya hai29 / sthala prANAtipAta-viramaNa-vrata ke pA~ca pradhAna aticAra hai, jinheM zramaNopAsaka ko jAnanA cAhie aura jinakA AcaraNa nahI karanA caahie| ve isa prakAra haiM :-(1) bandhana-bandhana se bAMdhanA ( 2) vadha-pITanA (3) chavi

Page #126
116] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa ccheda- camar3I yA avayavoM kA chedana karanA ( 4 ) atibhAra-adhika bhAra lAdanA ( 5 ) bhaktapAnaviccheda-bhojana-pAnI kA viccheda karanA-(Azrita prANI ko bhojana-pAnI na denA) dvitIya sthUla mRSAvAda-viramaNa vrata ke pA~ca pradhAna aticAra hai, jinhe zramaNopAsaka ko jAnanA cAhie aura jinakA AcaraNa nahI karanA cAhie / ve isa prakAra hai :-(1) sahasA'bhyAkhyAna-sahasA ( binA AdhAra ) mithyA Aropa karanA (2) rahasyA'bhyAkhyAna-gupta mantraNA karate dekha kara Aropa lagAnA athavA rahasya prakaTa karanA (3) svadAra-mantrabheda-apanI patnI kA marma prakaTa karanA (4) mRSopadeza-asatya kA upadeza dekara usakI ora prerita karanA aura (5) kUTa lekhakaraNa-jhUThe khata-patra bnaanaa| tIsare sthUla adattAdAna-viramaNa vrata ke pA~ca pradhAna aticAra hai| zramaNopAsaka ko unhe jAnanA cAhie aura unakA AcaraNa nahI karanA cAhie / ve isa prakAra hai:-(1) stenAhRta-curAI huI vastu kharIdanA (2) taskaraprayoga-cora kI sahAyatA karanA yA coro ko rakha kara corI karAnA (3) rAjya ke AyAta-niryAta aura jakAta kara Adi ke niyamo ke viruddha vyavahAra karanA athavA paraspara-virodhI rAjyo ke niyama kA ullaMghana karanA (4) kUTa-tola kUTamAna-khoTe tola-mApa rakhanA aura (5) tat pratirUpakavyavahAra-sadRza vastuo kA vyavahAra-uttama vastu me halkI kA mizraNa karanA yA eka vastu dikhA kara dUsarI denaa| caturtha sthUla maithuna-viramaNa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra zramaNopAsaka ko jAnane cAhie aura unakA AcaraNa nahI karanA cAhie / ve isa prakAra hai : (1) itaraparigRhItAgamana-thor3e samaya ke lie dUsare dvArA gRhIta avivAhita strI ke sAtha AlApa-salAparUpa gamana karanA (2) aparigRhItAgamana-kisI ke dvArA agRhIta vezyA Adi se AlApa-salAparUpa gamana karanA (3) anaga-krIr3A ---kAmottejaka AliMganAdi krIDA karanA, aprAkRtika kriidd'aa| (4) para vivAhakaraNa-para-satati kA vivAha karanA-aura (5) kAmabhogatIvAbhilASA-kAma-bhoga kI tIna AkAMkSA rkhnaa| sthUla parigraha-parimANa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra zramaNopAsaka ko jAnane cAhie aura unakA AcaraNa nahI karanA cAhie / ve isa prakAra hai :

Page #127
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [117 (1) kSetravAstu-pramANAtikrama-kSetravAstu parimANa kA atikramaNa karanA (2) hiraNya-suvarNa-pramANAtikrama - cA~dI aura sone ke parimANa kA atikramaNa karanA / (3) dhanadhAnya-pramANAtikrama-dhana, rupaye, paise, ratnAdi aura dhAnya ke parimANa kA atikramaNa - ullaghana karanA (4) dvipada-catuSpada-pramANAtikramadvipada-totA, mainA, dAsa-dAsI aura catuSpada gAya, bhaiMsa Adi pazuo ke parimANa kA atikramaga-ullaghana karanA aura (5) kupyapramANAtikrama-~ghara ke vartana Adi upakaraNo ke parimANa kA atikramaNa-ullaghana karanA / ___chaThe digavata ke pA~ca aticAra hai, jo zramaNopAsaka ko jAnane cAhie aura jinakA AcaraNa nahI karanA cAhie / ve isa prakAra hai :-(1) Urdhva-dikpramANAtikrama-Urdhva dizA ke pramANa kA atikramaNa (2) adhodikpramANAtikrama-adhodizA ke pramANa kA atikramaNa (3) tiryaga-dikapramANAtikrama-anya sarvadinA-vidizAo ke pramANa kA atikramaNa (4) kSetravRddhi-eka dizA meM kSetra ghaTA kara dUsarI me baDhAnA aura (5) smRtyantarAdhAnaparimANa ke sambandha me smRti na rakha Age jAnA / sAtavA~ upabhoga paribhoga vrata do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai-bhojana se aura karma se| usame se bhojana sambandhI pA~ca aticAra zramaNopAsaka ko jAnane cAhie aura unakA AcaraNa nahI karanA caahie| ve isa prakAra hai :(1) sacittAhAra -pratyAkhyAna ke uparAnta - sacitta-sajIva vanaspati Adi kA AhAra karanA (2) sacitta prativaddhAhAra-sacitta vastu ke sAtha lagI acitta vastu kA bhojana karanA - jaise guThalI sahita sUkhe vera yA khajUra khAnA / (3) apasvopadhi-bhakSaNa - agni se na pakI auSadhi-vanaspati-zAkabhAjI kA bhakSaNa karanA (4) duSpakvaupavibhakSaNa-arddha pakI auSadhi- vanaspati kA bhakSaNa karanA aura (5) tucchopadhi- asAra vanaspati-zAkabhAjI kA bhakSaNa krnaa| karma-AzrayI zramaNopAsaka ko pandraha karmAdAna jAnane cAhie aura unakA AcaraNa nahI karanA caahie| ve isa prakAra hai --(1) agAra karmajisame agAra-agni kA vizepa prayoga hotA ho, aisA udyoga yA vyApAra (2) vana karma-jagala, vRkSa vanaspati vecane kA vyApAra, vRkSAdi kATane kA

Page #128
118] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa dhadhA (3) zAkaTa-karma - gAr3I Adi vAhana banAne becane yA calAne kA kAma karanA (4) bhATaka karma--gAr3A vagairaha vAhana bhAr3e para calAne kA kAma (5) sphoTa-karma-jisame bhUmi khodane, parvata Adi skoTa karane kA kAma ho (6) danta-vANijya hAthI-dAMta Adi prANiyo ke avayavo kA vyApAra (7) lAkSAvANijya - lAkha vagairaha kA vyApAra (8) rasa-vANijya -madirA vagairaha kA vyApAra (8) kezavANijya-keza kA vyApAra (10) viSa-vANijyajaharIlI vastueM aura zastrAdi kA vyApAra (11) yantrapIlana-karma-tila, Ukha vagairaha pIlane kA kAma (12) nirlA chana karma-baila Adi ko napusaka karane kA kAma (13) dAvAgni vApana---vana Adi ko agni lagA sApha karane kA dhandhA (14) saradahatAlAba-zoSaNa-sarovara, daha, tAlAba Adi ke zopaNa kA kAma aura (15) asatIjanapoSaNa-AjIvikA ke lie vezyAdi kA poSaNa athavA pakSiyo kA khela-tamAzA, mAMsa, aNDe Adi ke vyApAra ke lie poSaNa / AThaveM anartha viramaNa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra hai, jinhe zramaNopAsaka ko jAnanA cAhie aura jinakA AcaraNa nahI karanA cAhie / ve isa prakAra hai :(1) kandarpa-kAmottejaka bAteM karanA (2) kautkucya-bhauhe, netra, muha, hAtha, paira Adi ko vikRta kara parihAsa utpanna karanA (3) maukharya-vAcAlatA, asabaddha AlApa (4) sayuktAdhikaraNa-hiMsA ke sAdhana zastrAdi-taiyAra rakhanA aura (5) upabhoga paribhogA tiriktatA-upabhoga paribhoga vastuo kI adhiktaa| ___ navave sAmAyika nata ke pA~ca aticAra hai, jo zramaNopAsaka ko jAnane cAhie aura jinakA AcaraNa nahI karanA caahie| ve isa prakAra hai :(1) manoduSpraNidhAna - mana kI burI pravRtti (2) vAgduSpraNidhAna-vANI kI duSpravRtti tathA (3) kAyaduSpraNidhAna-kAyA kI duSpravRtti kI ho (4) smRtiakaraNa--sAmAyika kI smRti na rakhanA aura (5) anavasthitakaraNa-sAmAyika vyavasthita-niyata rUpa se na ka nA / dasarve dezAvakAzika vrata ke paoNca aticAra zramaNopAsaka ko jAnane cAhie aura unakA AcaraNa nahI karanA caahie| ve isa prakAra hai :-(1) Anayana

Page #129
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 116 prayoga - maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara se sandezAdi dvArA koI vastu magAnA ( 2 ) preSyaNa- prayoga -- maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara bhRtyAdi dvArA kucha bhejanA ( 2 ) zabdAnupAta - khA~sI vagairaha zabdo dvArA maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara kisI ko manogata bhAva vyakta karanA ( 4 ) rUpAnupAta - rUpa dikhA kara athavA i gito dvArA maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara kisI ko manogata bhAva pragaTa karanA ( 5 ) bahi pudgala prakSepa - kakara Adi pheMka kara izArA karanA / gyArahaveM pauSadhopavAsa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra zramaNopAsaka ko jAnane cAhie aura unakA AcaraNa nahIM karanA caahie| ve isa prakAra hai :(1) apratilekhita - duSpratilekhita zayyA sastAraka - vasati aura kambala Adi kA pratilekhana - nirIkSaNa na karanA athavA acchI taraha na karanA ( 2 ) apramArjina - duSpramArjita zayyA sastAraka - basati aura kambala Adi vastuo kA pramArjana na karanA athavA acchI taraha pramArjana na karanA ( 3 ) apratile khitaduSpratilekhita-uccAraprasravaNabhUmi- - uccAra - TaTTI kI jagaha aura prasravaNa - pezAba karane kI jagaha kA pratilekhana - nirIkSaNa na karanA athavA acchI taraha nirIkSaNa na karanA ( 4 ) apramArjita - duSpramArjita uccAraprasravaNabhUmi - TaTTI kI bhUmi aura pegAva karane kI bhUmi kA pramArjana na karanA athavA acchI taraha se pramArjana na karanA ( 5 ) pauSadhopavAsa- samyakapAlana - pauSadhopavAsa vrata kA vidhivat pAlana nahI karanA / bArahaveM yathAsavibhAga vrata ke pA~ca aticAra zramaNopAsaka ko jAnane cAhie aura unakA AcaraNa nahI karanA caahie| ve isa prakAra hai (1) sacitta - nikSepa - sAdhu ko dene yogya AhArAdi para sacita vanaspati vagairaha rakhanA ( 2 ) sacitta- pidhAna - AhAra Adi sacitta vastu se DhakanA (3) kAlAtikrama- - sAdhuo ko dene ke samaya ko TAlanA ( 4 ) paravyapadeza - 'yaha vastu dUsare kI hai' -- aisA kahanA aura ( 5 ) matsaritA - mAtsaryapUrvaka dAna denA / saMlekhanA ke pA~ca apazcimamAraNAMtika - sakhanA joSaNArAdhanA aticAra zramaNopAsaka ko jAnane cAhie aura unakA AcaraNa nahI karanA cAhie / ve isa prakAra hai - (1) ihalokazasA - 'maiM rAjA hoU' - aisI ihalaukika

Page #130
120] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa kAmanA ( 2 ) paralokAzaMsA-prayoga-'maiM deva hoU'-aisI paraloka kI icchA karanA ( 3) jIvitAzaMsA-prayoga-'maiM jIvata rahU~'-aisI icchA karanA (4) maraNAzaMsA-prayoga-'maiM zIghra marU'-aisI icchA karanA aura (5) kAmabhogAzaMsA-prayoga-kAmabhoga kI kAmanA karanA / ___ inameM se kucheka aticAro ke varNana se kevala AdhyAtmikatA kI puSTi hotI hai| kintu isame adhikAMza aise hai jo AdhyAtmikatA kI puSTi ke sAthasAtha jIvana ke vyAvahArika pakSa ko bhI samunnata banAe rakhate hai / digannata ke aticAro meM AkramaNa, sAmrAjya-lipsA aura bhoga-vistAra kA bhAva diyA hai| Urdhva dizA aura adho dizA meM jAne ke sAdhano para aMkuza lagAyA gayA hai| ina brato aura aticAra-niSedho kA Aja ke cAritrika mUlyo ko sthira rakhane meM mahattvapUrNa yoga hai| DA0 alTekara ne isakA aMkana ina zabdo meM kiyA hai - "hamAre deza me Ane vAle yUnAnI, cInI eva musalamAna yAtriyoM ne bar3I bar3I prazasAtmaka bAteM kahI hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki sadAcAra aura tapasyA sambandhI bhagavAn mahAvIra Adi mahAtmAo ke siddhAnta hamAre pUrvajoM ke caritra me mUrtimanta hue the| hama meM yaha durbalatA jo Aja dikhAI paDa rahI hai, vaha videzI dAsatA ke kAraNa hI utpanna huI hai| isalie samAja se bhraSTAcAra ko dUra karane ke lie Aja aNuvrata ke pracAra ko atyanta AvazyakatA hai 31 / " bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM jaina-dharma bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgo me phailA / samrATa azoka ke putra samprati ne jaina-dharma kA sandeza bhArata se bAhara bhI phuNcaayaa| usa samaya jaina-muniyoM kA vihAra-kSetra bhI vistRta huaa| zrI vizvambharanAtha pANDe ne ahisaka-paramparA kI carcA karate hue likhA hai"I0 san kI pahalI zatAbdI me aura usake bAda ke hajAra varSoM taka jaina-dharma madhya pUrva ke dezo meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM yahUdI dharma, IsAI dharma aura islAma dharma ko prabhAvita karatA rahA hai|" prasiddha jarmana itihAsa-lekhaka bAna kremara ke anusAra madhyapUrva me pracalita 'samAniyA' sampradAya 'zramaNa' zabda kA apabhraza hai| itihAsa-lekhaka jI0 epha0 mUra likhatA hai ki "hajarata IsA ke janma kI zatAbdI se pUrva IrAka, zyAma aura philastIna se jaina-muni aura bauddha bhikSu

Page #131
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [121 saikar3o ko sakhyA me phaile hue the| 'siyA hata nAma e nA sira' kA lekhaka likhatA hai ki islAma dharma ke kalandarI tabake para jaina-dharma kA kAphI prabhAva paDA thA / kala-dara cAra niyamo kA pAlana karate the-sAdhutA, zuddhatA, satyatA aura daridratA / ve ahiMsA para akhaNDa vizvAsa rakhate the32 / mahAtmA Isu krAisTa jaina siddhAnto ke samparka me Aye aura unakA prabhAva le gae the| rAmasvAmI ayyara ne isa prasaMga kI carcA karate hue likhA hai"yahUdiyo ke itihAsa lekhaka 'jojaksa' ke lekha se pratIta hotA hai ki pUrvakAla meM gujarAta pradeza drAviDo ke tAve me thA aura gujarAta kA pAlItANA nagara tAmilanADa pradeza ke adhIna thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki dakSiNa se dUra jAkara bhI yahUdiyo ne pAlItANA ke nAma se hI "palisTAina" nAma kA nagara vasAyA aura gujarAta kA pAlItANA hI pailisTAina ho gayA / gujarAta kA pAlItANA jaino kA prAcIna aura prasiddha tIrtha sthAna hai| pratIta hotA hai ki IsU strISTa ne isI pAlItANA me Akara vAIvila likhita 40 dina ke jana upavAsa dvArA jaina zikSA lAbha kI thii|" jaina dharma kA prasAra ahiMsA, zAnti, maitrI aura saMyama kA prasAra thA / isalie usa yuga ko bhAratIya itihAsa kA svarNa-yuga kahA jAtA hai / purAtattva-vidvAn pI0 sI0 rAya caudharI ke anusAra-"yaha dharma dhIre-dhIre phailA, jisa prakAra IsAI dharma kA pracAra yUropa me dhIre-dhIre huaa| zreNika, kuNika, candragupta, samprati, khAravela tathA anya rAjAo ne jaina-dharma ko apnaayaa| ve zatAbda bhArata ke hindU zAsana ke vaibhavapUrNa yuga the / jina yugo me jaina-dharma sA mahAn dharma pracArita huaa34|" kabhI-kabhI eka vicAra prasphuTita hotA hai-jaina dharma ke ahiMsA-siddhAnta ne bhArata ko kAyara banA diyA, para yaha satya se dUra hai| ahiMsaka kabhI kAyara nahI hotaa| yaha kAyaratA aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa paratantratA hisA ke utkarSa se, ApasI vaimanasya se AI aura taba AI jaba jaina-dharma ke prabhAva se bhAratIya mAnasa dUra ho rahA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne samAja ke jo naitika mUlya sthira kie, uname ye bAteM sAmAjika aura rAjanItika dRpTa se bhI adhika mahatvapUrNa thii| pahilI sakalpa

Page #132
122] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa hisA kA tyAga-anAkramaNa aura dUsarI-parigraha kA sImAkaraNa / yaha lokatantra yA samAjavAda kA pradhAna sUtra hai / vArANasI saskRta vizva-vidyAlaya ke upakulapati AdityanAtha jhA ne isa tathya ko ina zabdoM me abhivyakta kiyA hai''bhAratIya jIvana me prajJA aura cAritrya kA samanvaya jaina aura boddhoM kI vizeSa dena hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra satya-mArga-paramparA kA andhAnusaraNa nahIM hai, pratyuta tarka aura upapattiyo se sammata tathA bauddhika rUpa se santulita dRSTikoNa hI satya mArga hai / isa dRSTikoNa ko prApti tabhI sambhava hai jaba mithyA vizvAsa pUrNata dUra ho jAya / isa bauddhika AdhAra zilA para hI ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha ke bala se samyak cAritrya ko pratiSThita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina dharbha kA AcAra-zAstra bhI janatantravAdI bhAvanAoM se anuprANita hai| janmata: sabhI vyakti samAna hai aura pratyeka vyakti apanI sAmarthya aura ruci ke anusAra gRhastha yA muni ho sakatA hai| aparigraha sambandhI jaina dhAraNA bhI vizeSata ullekhanIya hai / Aja isa bAta para adhikAdhika bala dene kI AvazyakatA hai, jaisA ki prAcIna kAla ke jaina vicArakoM ne kiyA thaa| parimita parigraha' unakA Adarza vAkya thA / jaina vicArako ke anusAra parimitta-parigraha kA siddhAnta pratyeka gRhastha ke lie anivArya rUpa se AcaraNIya thaa| sambhavata bhAratIya AkAza meM samAjavAdI samAja ke vicAro kA yaha prathama udghoSa thaa35|" pratyeka AtmA me ananta zakti ke vikAsa kI kSamatA, Atmika samAnatA, kSamA, maMtrI, vicAro kA anAgraha Adi ke bIja jaina-dharma ne boe the| mahAtmA gAMdhI kA nimitta pA, ve kevala bhArata ke hI nahI, vizva kI rAjanIti ke kSetra meM pallavita ho rahe haiN| vistAra aura saMkSepa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janma-bhUmi, tapobhUmi aura vihArabhUmi bihAra thaa| isalie mahAvIra kAlIna jaina-dharma pahale bihAra me pallavita huaa| kAla krama se vaha baMgAla, uDIsA, uttarabhArata, dakSiNa bhArata, gujarAta, mahArASTra, madhyaprAnta aura rAjaputAne meM phailaa| vikrama kI sahasrAbdI ke pazcAt zaiva,

Page #133
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [123 liMgAyata, vaiSNava Adi vaidika sampradAyo ke prabala virodha ke kAraNa jaina-dharma kA prabhAva sImita ho gyaa| anuyAyiyo kI alpa saMkhyA hone para bhI jainadharma kA saiddhAntika prabhAva bhAratIya cetanA para vyApta rhaa| bIca-bIca me prabhAvazAlI jainAcArya use ubuddha karate rhe| vikrama kI vArahavI zatAbdI me gujarAta kA vAtAvaraNa jaina-dharma se prabhAvita thaa| gUrjara-nareza jayasiMha aura kumArapAla ne jaina-dharma ko bahuta hI prazraya diyA aura kumArapAla kA jIvana jaina-AcAra kA pratIka bana gayA thaa| samrATa akabara bhI hIravijayasUri se prabhAvita the| amerikI dArzanika vilaDyUrenTa ne likhA hai -"akavara ne jainoM ke kahane para zikAra chor3a diyA thA aura kucha niyata tithiyo para pazu-hatyAeM roka dI thii| jaina-dharma ke prabhAva se hI akavara ne apane dvArA pracArita dIna-ilAhI nAmaka sampradAya me mAMsa-bhakSaNa ke niSedha kA niyama rakhA thA / jaina matrI, daNDanAyaka aura adhikAriyo ke jIvana-vRtta bahuta hI vistRta haiN| ve vidharmI rAjAo ke lie mI vizvAsa-pAtra rahe hai| unakI prAmANikatA aura kartavyaniSThA kI vyApaka pratiSThA thii| jainatva kA akana padArtho se nahI, kintu cAritrika mUlyo se hI ho sakatA hai| jaina saMskRti aura kalA mAnA jAtA hai-Arya bhArata kI uttara-pazcima sImA para I0 san se lagabhaga 3000 varSa pUrva aaye| Aryo se pahale basane vAle pUsa, bhadra, urvaza, suhabrU, anu, kunAza, zavara, namuci, nAtya Adi mukhya the| jaina-dharmo me vrato kI paramparA bahuta hI prAcIna hai| usake savAhaka zramaNa vratI the| unakA anuga mI samAja vrAtya thA-yaha mAnane meM koI kaThinAI nahI hai| prAgvaidika aura vaidika kAla me tapo-dharma kA prAvalya thaa| tapo-dharma kA pariSkRta vikAsa hI jaina-dharma hai-kucha vidvAn aisA mAnate hai 37 / tapasyA jana-sAdhanA-paddhati kA pramukha aga hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra dIrgha-tapasvI kahalAte the| :jana-zramaNo ko bhI tapasvI kahA gayA hai| "tave sUrA aNagArA" tapa meM zUra aNagAra hote hai-yaha jaina-paramparA kA prasiddha vAkya hai| bhagavAna mahAdhIra ke samaya meM jaina-dharma ko nignantha-pravacana kahA jAtA,

Page #134
1.24 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa thA / bauddha sAhitya meM bhagavAn kA ullekha 'niggaTha nAtaputta' ke nAma se huA hai / vartamAna me vahI nirgrantha-pravacana jaina-dharma ke nAma se prasiddha hai / vrAtya kA mUla vrata hai / vrata zabda AtmA ke sAnnidhya aura bAhya jagat ke dUratva kA sUcaka hai / tapa ke udbhava kA mUla jIvana kA samarpaNa hai / jaina - paramparA tapa ko ahiMsA, samanvaya, maitrI aura kSamA ke rUpa meM mAnya karatI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ajJAnapUrNa tapa kA utanA hI virodha kiyA hai, jitanA ki jJAnapUrNa tapa kA samarthana | ahiMsA pAlana meM bAdhA na Aye, utanA tapa saba sAdhako ke lie Avazyaka hai / vizeSa tapa unhI ke lie hai -- jinameM Atmabala yA daihika virAga tIvratama ho / isa prakAra jaina saMskRti AdhyAtmikatA, tyAga, sahiSNutA, ahiMsA, samanvaya, maitrI, kSamA, aparigraha aura Atma-vijaya kI dhArAo kA pratinidhitva karatI huI vibhinna yugo meM vibhinna nAmo dvArA abhivyakta huI hai / eka zabda meM jaina - saskRti kI AtmA utsarga hai / bAhya sthitiyoM meM jaya parAjaya kI anavarata zrRGkhalA calatI hai / vahA~ parAjaya kA anta nahI hotA / usakA paryavasAna Atma-vijaya meM hotA hai / yaha nirdvandva sthiti hai / jaina- vicAra dhArA ko bahumUlya dena sayama hai / sukha kA viyoga mata karo, duHkha kA sayoga mata karo -- sabake prati saMyama karo 38 / sukha do aura du.kha miTAo kI bhAvanA me Atma-vijaya kA bhAva nahI hotA | duHkha miTAne kI vRtti aura goSaNa, utpIr3ana tathA apaharaNa, sAthasAtha calate hai / idhara zoSaNa aura ubara dukha miTAne kI vRtti - yaha ucca saMskRti nahI / sukha kA viyoga aura duHkha kA sayoga mata karo - yaha bhAvanA Atma-vijaya kI pratIka hai / sukha kA viyoga kie binA zopaNa nahI hotA, adhikAro kA haraNa aura dvandva nahI hotA / sukha mata lUTo aura dukha mata do - isa udAtta bhAvanA meM Atma-vijaya kA svara jo hai, vaha hai hI / usake atirikta jagat kI naisargika svatantratA kA bhI mahAn nirdeza hai /

Page #135
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 125 prANImAtra apane adhikAro me ramaNazIla aura svatantra hai, yahI unakI sahaja sukha kI sthiti hai| sAmAjika sukha-suvidhA ke lie isakI upekSA kI jAtI hai, kintu usa upekSA ko zAzvata-satya samajhanA bhUla se pare nahIM hogaa| daza prakAra kA saMyama39, daza prakAra kA savara40 aura daza prakAra kA viramaNa hai vaha sava svAtmonmukhI vRtti hai, yA vaha nivRtti hai yA hai nivRttisavalita prvRtti| daza AzasA ke prayoga saMsAronmukhI vRtti hai49 / jaina-saskRti meM pramukha vastu hai 'dRSTisampannatA'-samyak darzana / sasAronmukhI vRtta apanI rekhA para aura AtmonmukhI vRtti apanI rekhA para avasthita rahatI hai, koI duvidhA nahI hotii| avyavasthA taba hotI hai, jaba donoM kA mUlyAMkana eka hI dRSTi se kiyA jaay| sasAronmukhI bRtti me manuSya apane lie manuSyetara jIvo ke jIvana kA adhikAra svIkAra nahIM krte| unake jIvana kA koI mUlya nahI aaNkte| dukha miTAne aura sukhI banAne kI vRtti vyavahArika hai, kintu kSudra-bhAvanA, svArtha aura sakucita vRttiyo ko prazraya denevAlI hai| Arambha aura parigraha-yai vyakti ko dharma se dUra kiye rahate hai42 / bar3A vyakti apane hita ke lie choTe vyakti kI, vaDA rASTra apane hita ke lie choTe rASTra kI nirmama upekSA karate nahI skucaataa| bar3e se bhI koI vaDA hotA hai aura choTe se bhI koI chottaa| vaDe dvArA apanI upekSA dekha choTA tilamilAtA hai, kintu choTe ke prati kaThora banate vaha nahI socatA / yahA~ gatirodha hotA hai| jaina vicAradhArA yahA~ batAtI hai-duHkhanivartana aura sukha-dAna kI pravRtti ko samAja ko vivazAtmaka apekSA samajho, use dhruva-satya mAna mata clo| sukha mata lUTo, du kha mata do--ise vikasita kro| isakA vikAsa hogA to duHkha miTAo, sukhI banAo kI bhAvanA apane Apa pUrI hogii| duHkhI na banAne kI bhAvanA baDhegI to duHkha apane Apa miTa jAegA / sukha na lUTane kI bhAvanA dRDha hogI to sukhI banAne kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hogI ? sakSepa meM tattva yaha hai-du.kha-sukha ko hI jIvana kA hrAsa aura vikAsa

Page #136
126 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa mata samajho / saMyama jIvana kA vikAsa hai ora asayama hrAsa / asaMyamI thor3oM ko vyAvahArika lAbha pahucA sakatA hai / kintu vaha chalanA, krUratA aura zoSaNa ko nahI tyAga sktaa| sayamI thor3o kA vyavahArika nizchala, dayAlu aura zoSaNa mukta isake lie ucca vRttiyA~ cAhie, jaise hita na sAdha sake, phira bhI vaha sabake prati rahatA hai / manuSya jIvana ucca saMskArI bane, (1) Arjava yA RjubhAva, jisase vizvAsa baDhe / (2) mArdava yA dayAlutA, jisase maitrI bar3he / (3) lAghava yA namratA, jisase sahRdayatA baDhe / (4) kSamA yA sahiSNunA, jisase dhairya baDe / (5) zauca yA pavitratA, jisase ekatA baDhe / (6) satya yA prAmANikatA, jisase nirbhayatA baDhe / (7) mAdhyastha yA Agraha- hInatA, jisase satya svIkAra kI zakti baDhe / kintu ina sabako sayama kI apekSA hai / " eka hI sAdhe saba sadhai " saMyama kI sAdhanA ho to saba saba jAte hai, nahI to nahI / jaina vicAradhArA isa tathya ko pUrNatA kA madhya vindu mAna kara calatI hai | ahiMsA jo 'jaina- vicAraNA' kI sarvopari dena mAnI jAtI hai / imI kI upaja hai 4 3, 3 pravartaka - dharma puNya yA svarga ko hI antima sAdhya mAnakara ruka jAtA thA / usameM jo mokSa puruSArtha kI bhAvanA kA udaya huA, vaha nivartaka dharma yA zramaNa saskRti kA hI prabhAva hai / ahiMsA aura mukti - zramaNa - saMskRti kI ye do aisI Aloka rekhAe hai, jinase jIvana ke vAstavika mUlyoM ko dekhane kA avasara milatA hai / jaba jIvana kA dharma - ahiMsA yA kaSTa - sahiSNutA aura sAdhya - mukti yA svAtantrya bana jAtA hai, taba vyakti, samAja aura rASTra kI unnati roke nahI rukatI / Aja kI pragati kI kalpanA ke sAtha ye do dhArAeM aura juDa jAyeM to sAmya AyegA, bhogaparaka nahI kintu tyAgaparaka vRtti baDhegI. - dAnamaya nahI kintu agrahaNamaya, niyatraNa baDhegA - dUsaro kA nahI kintu apanA / - 1 ahiMsA kA vikAsa saMyama ke AdhAra para huA hai / jarmana vidvAn alabarTa

Page #137
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 127 svIjara ne isa tathya kA vaDI gambhIratA se pratipAdana kiyA hai| unake matAnusAra "yadi ahiMsA ke upadeza kA AdhAra sacamuca hI karuNA hotI to yaha samajhanA kaThina ho jAtA ki usameM mArane, kaTa na dene kI hI sImAeM kaise bagha sakI aura dUsaro ko sahAyatA pradAna karane kI preraNA se vaha kaise vilaga raha sakI hai ? yaha dalIla ki sanyAsa kI bhAvanA mArga meM bAdhaka banatI hai, satya kA mithyA AbhAsa mAtra hogaa| thor3I se thoDI karuNA bhI isa sakucita sImA ke prati vidroha kara detii| parantu aisA kabhI nahI huaa| mataH ahiMsA kA upadeza karuNA kI bhAvanA se utpanna na hokara sasAra se pavitra rahane kI bhAvanA para mAvRta he| yaha mUlata: kArya ke AcaraNa se nahI adhikatara pUrNa banane ke AcaraNa se sambandhita hai| yadi prAcIna kAla kA dhArmika bhAratIya jIvita prANiyo ke sAtha ke samparka me akArya ke siddhAnta kA dRr3hatA pUrvaka anusaraNa karatA thA to vaha apane lAbha ke lie, na ki dUsare jIvoM ke prati karuNA ke bhAva se| usake lie hiMsA eka aisA kArya thA, jo vayaM thaa| yaha saca hai ki ahiMsA ke upadeza meM sabhI jIvo ke samAna svabhAva ko mAna liyA gayA hai parantu isakA AvirbhAva karuNA se nahI huA hai / bhAratIya sanyAma me akarma kA sAdhAraNa siddhAnta hI isakA kAraNa hai| ahiMsA svatantra na hokara karuNA kI bhAvanA kI anuyAyI honI caahie| isa prakAra use vAstavikatA se vyAvahArika vivecana ke kSetra me padArpaNa karanA caahie| naitikatA ke prati zundra bhakti usake antargata vartamAna musIvato kA sAmanA karane kI tatparatA se prakaTa hotI hai| para punarvAra kahanA paDatA hai ki bhAratIya vicAradhArA hisA na karanA aura kisI ko kSati na pahuMcAnA, aisA hI kahatI rahI hai tabhI vaha zatAbdI gujara jAne para bhI usa ucca naitika vicAra kI acchI taraha rakSA kara sakI, jo isake sAtha sammilita hai| jaina-dharma meM sarva prathama bhAratIya saMnyAsa ne AcAragata vizeSatA prApta kii| jaina-dharma mUla se hI nahI mArane aura kaSTa na dene ke upadeza ko mahattva detA hai jaba ki upanipado meM ise mAno prasagavaza kaha diyA gayA hai| sAdhAraNata yaha

Page #138
128] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa kaise saMgata ho sakatA hai ki yajJoM meM jinakA niyamita kArya thA pazu-hatyA karanA, una brAhmaNoM meM hatyA na karane kA vicAra uThA hogA? brAhmaNoM ne ahiMsA kA upadeza jaino se grahaNa kiyA hogA, isa vicAra kI ora saMketa karane ke paryApta kAraNa hai| hatyA na karane aura kaSTa na pahu~cAne ke upadeza kI sthApanA mAnava ke AdhyAtmika itihAsa me mahAnatama avasaro meM se eka hai| jagat aura jIvana ke prati anAsakti aura kArya-tyAga ke siddhAnta se prArambha hokara pracIna bhAratIya vicAradhArA ima mahAn khoja taka pahu~ca jAtI hai, jahA~ AcAra kI koI sImA nhiiN| yaha saba usa kAla me huA jaba dUsare acalo meM AcAra kI utanI adhika unnati nahI ho sakI thii| merA jahA~ taka jJAna hai jaina-dharma me hI isakI prathama spaSTa abhivyakti huii|4|| ___sAmAnya dhAraNA yaha hai ki jaina-saskRti nirAzAvAda yA palAyanavAda kI pratIka hai| kintu yaha cintana pUrNa nahIM hai / jaina-saMskRti kA mUla tattvavAda hai| kalpanAvAda meM korI AzA hotI hai| tattvavAda me AzA aura nirAzA kA yathArtha akana hotA hai| Rgveda ke gItoM meM vartamAna bhAvanA AzAvAdI hai| usakA kAraNa tattva-cintana kI alpatA hai / jahA~ cintana ko gaharAI hai vahA~ viSAda kI chAyA pAI jAtI hai| uSA ko sambodhita kara kahA gayA hai ki vaha manuSya-jIvana ko kSINa karatI hai45 / ullAsa aura viSAda vizva ke yathArtha rUpa hai / samAja yA vartamAna ke jIvana kI bhUmikA meM kevala lallAsa kI kalpanA hotI hai| kintu jaba ananta atIta aura bhaviSya ke garbha me manuSya kA cintana gatizIla hotA hai, samAja ke kRtrima bandhana se unmukta ho jaba manuSya 'vyakti' svarUpa kI ora dRSTi DAlatA hai, korI kalpanA se prasUta AzA ke antarikSa se utara vaha padArtha kI bhUmi para calA jAtA hai, samAja aura vartamAna kI vedI para khar3e loga kahate hai - yaha nirAzA hai, palAyana hai / tattva-darzana kI bhumikA meM se nihArane vAle loga kahate haiM ki yaha vAstavika Ananda kI ora prayANa hai| pUrva aupaniSadika vicAradhArA ke samarthako ko brahmadviSa (veda se ghRNA karane vAle ) devaninda (devatAo kI nindA karane vAle ) kahA gayA / bhagavAna pArzva usI paramparA ke aitihAsika vyakti hai| inakA samaya hameM usa

Page #139
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 126 kAla me le jAtA hai jaba brAhmaNa-grantho kA nirmANa ho rahA thaa| jise palAyanavAda kahA gayA / usase upanipad-sAhitya mukta nahI rahA / parigraha ke lie sAmAjika prANI kAmanAe~ karate hai| jana upAsako kA kAmanA sUtra hai (1) kava meM alpa mUlya eva bahu mUlya parigraha kA pratyAkhyAna kruuNgaa| (2) kava meM muNDa ho gRhasthapana chor3a sAdhuvrata svIkAra kruuNgaa| (3) kava maiM apazcima-mAraNAntika-salekhanA yAnI antima anazana me zarIra ko jhosakara-juTAkara bhUmi para girI huI vRkSa ko DAlI kI taraha aDola raha kara mRtyu kI abhilASA na karatA huA vicruuNgaa| __ jainAcArya dhArmika vicAra me bahuta hI udAra rahe hai| unhone apane anuyAyiyo ko kevala dhArmika netRtva diyaa| unheM parivartanazIla sAmAjika vyavamyA me kabhI nahI vaaNdhaa| samAja-vyavasthA ko samAja-zAstriyo ke lie surakSita choDa diyaa| dhArmika vicAro ke ekatva kI dRSTi se jana-samAja hai kintu sAmAjika bandhano kI dRSTi se jaina-samAja kA koI astitva nahI hai| jaino kI saMkhyA karoDo se lAkho me ho gaI, usakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai aura isa siddhAntavAditA ke kAraNa vaha dharma ke vizuddha rUpa kI rakSA bhI kara sakA hai| jaina-saskRti kA rUpa sadA vyApaka rahA hai| usakA dvAra sabake lie khulA rahA hai| bhagavAn ne ahiMsA-dharma kA nirUpaNa una sabake lie kiyA-jo Atma-upAsanA ke lie tatpara the yA nahI the, jo upAsanA-mArga sunanA cAhate the yA nahIM cAhate the, jo zastrIkaraNa se dUra the yA nahI the, jo parignaha kI upAdhi se bance hue the yA nahI the, jo paudgalika sayoga meM phaMse hue the yA nahI the-aura sabako dhArmika jIvana bitAne ke lie preraNA dI aura unhone kahA - (1) dharma kI ArAdhanA meM strI-puruSa kA bheda nahI ho sakatA / phalavasvarUpazramaNa, amaNI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA-ye cAra tIrtha sthApita hue49 / (2) dharma kI ArAdhanA me jAti-paoNti kA bheda nahI ho sakatA / phalasvarUpa sabhI jAtiyo ke loga unake saMgha meM pravajita hue.. |

Page #140
130] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa (3) dharma kI ArAdhanA me kSetra kA bheda nahI ho sktaa| vaha gA~va meM bhI kI jA sakatI hai aura araNya meM bhI kI jA sakatI hai51 / (4) dharma kI ArAdhanA meM veSa kA bheda nahI ho sktaa| usakA adhikAra zramaNa ko bhI hai, gRhastha ko bhI hai52 / (5) bhagavAn ne apane zramaNo se kahA-dharma kA upadeza jaise puNya ko do, vaise hI tuccha ko do / jaise tuccha ko do, vaise hI puNya ko do53 / isa vyApaka dRSTikoNa kA mUla asAmpradAyikatA aura jAtIyatA kA abhAva hai| vyavahAra-dRSTi meM jaino ke sampradAya hai| para unhone dharma ko sampradAya ke sAtha nahI bAMdhA / ve jaina-sampradAya ko nahI, jainatva ko mahattva dete hai / jainatva kA artha hai- samyak-darzana, samyak-jJAna aura samyak cAritra kI ArAdhanA / inakI ArAdhanA karane vAlA anya sampradAya ke veSa me bhI mukta ho jAtA hai, gRhastha ke veSa me bhI mukta ho jAtA hai / zAstrIya zabdo me unhe kramaza anya-liMga siddha aura gRha-liMga-siddha kahA jAtA hai54 / isa vyApaka aura udAra cetanA kI pariNani ne hI jaina AcAryoM ko yaha kahane ke lie prerita kiyA - pakSapAto na me bIre, na dveSa. kapilAdiSu / yuktimad vacana yasya, tasya kArya parigraha // (haribhadra sUri ) bhava-bIjAMkura-jananA, rAgAdyA kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNu vA, haro jino vA namastasmai // (AcArya hemacandra) svAgamaM rAgamAtreNa, dvaSamAtrAt parAgamam / na zrayAmastyajAmo vA, kintu madhyasthayA ddazA // (upAdhyAya yazovijaya ) sahaja hI prazna hotA hai-jaina-saskRti kA svarUpa itanA vyApaka aura udAra thA, taba vaha loka-sagraha karane me adhika saphala kyo nahI huI ? isake samAdhAna meM kahA jA sakatA hai-jaina darzana kI sUkSma siddhAntavAditA, tapomArga kI kaThoratA, ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA aura sAmAjika bandhana

Page #141
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [131 kA abhAva-ye sAre tattva loka samAhAtmaka pakSa ko azakta karate rahe hai / jainasAdhu-sagha kA pracAra ke prati udAsIna manobhAva bhI usake vistRta na hone kA pramukha kAraNa vanA hai| kalA kalA vizuddha samAjika tattva hai / usakA dharma yA darzana se koI sambandha nahI hai / para dharma jaba gAsana banatA hai, usakA anugamana karane vAlA samAja banatA hai, tava kalA bhI usake sahAre pallavita hotI hai| jana-paramparA meM kalA zabda bahuta hI vyApaka artha me vyavahRta huA hai / bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne apane rAjasva kAla me puruSo ke lie vahattara aura striyo ke lie causaTha kalAo kA nirUpaNa kiyA55 / TIkAkAro ne kalA kA artha vastu-parijJAna kiyA hai| isame lekha, gaNita, citra, nRtya, gAyana, yuddha, kAvya, veSa-bhUSA, sthApatya, pAka, manoraMjana Adi aneka parijJAno kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| dharma bhI eka kalA hai / yaha jIvana ko sabase bar3I kalA hai| jIvana ke sArasya kI anubhUti karane vAle tapasviyo ne kahA hai-jo vyakti saba kalAo meM pravara dharma-kalA ko nahI jAnatA, vaha vahattara kalAo meM kuzala hote hue bhI akuzala hai56 / jaina-dharma kA Atma-pakSa dharma-kalA ke unnayana me hI salagna rahA / vahiraga-pakSa sAmAjika hotA hai / samAja-vistAra ke sAtha-sAtha lalita kalA kA bhI vistAra huaa| citra-phalA jaina-citrakalA kA zrIgaNeza tattva-prakAzana se hotA hai| guru apane ziSyo ko vizva-vyavasyA ke tattva sthApanA ke dvArA samajhAte hai| sthApanA tadAkAra aura atadAkAra dono prakAra kI hotI hai / tadAkAra sthApanA ke do prayojana hai- tattva prakAzana aura smRti / tattva-prakAzana-hetuka sthApanA ke AdhAra para citrakalA aura smRti hetuka sthApanA ke AdhAra mUrtikalA kA vikAsa huA / tADapatra aura patro para anya likhe gae aura uname citra kie ge| vikrama ko dUsarI sahasrAbdI me hajAro aisI pratiyAM likhI gaI , jo kalAtmaka citrAkRtiyo ke kAraNa astutya sI hai|

Page #142
132] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa tADapatrIya yA patrIya pratiyo ke paTTho, cAturmAsika prArthanAo, kalyANa, mandira, bhaktAmara Adi stotro ke citro ko dekhe binA madhyakAlIna citra-kalA kA itihAsa adhUrA hI rahatA hai| ___ yogI mArA giriguhA ( rAmagaDha kI pahAr3I, saragujA ) aura sitannavAsala (padukoTa rAjya ) ke bhitti-citra atyanta prAcIna va sundara hai| citra kalA kI vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie jaina citrakalpadruma dekhanA cAhie lipi-kalA akSara-vinyAsa bhI eka sUkumAra kalA hai| jaina sAdhuo ne ise bahuta hI vikasita kiyA / saundarya aura sUkSmatA dono dRSTiyo se ise unnati ke zikhara taka le ge| pandraha sau varSa pahale likhane kA kArya prArambha huA aura vaha aba taka vikAsa pAtA rahA hai| lekhana kalA meM yatiyo kA kauzala vizeSa rUpa me prasphuTita huA hai| terApatha ke sAdhuo ne bhI isa kalA meM camatkAra pradarzita kiyA hai| sUkSma lipi maiM ye agnaNI hai| kaI muniyo ne 11 ica lambe va 5 ica caur3e panne me lagabhaga 80 hajAra akSara likhe hai| aise patra Aja taka apUrva mAne jAte rahe hai| mUrti-kalA aura sthApatya-kalA __kAlakrama se jaina-paramparA meM pratimA-pUjana kA kArya prArambha huA / siddhAnta kI dRSTi se isameM do dhArAeM hai / kucha jaina sampradAya mUrti-pUjA karate hai aura kucha nahI karate / kintu kalA kI dRSTi se yaha mahatvapUrNa viSaya hai| vartamAna meM sabase pracIna jaina-mUrti paTanA ke lohanIpura sthAna se prApta huI hai / yaha mUrti maurya-kAla kI mAnI jAtI hai aura paTanA myUjiyama meM rakhI huI hai| isakI camakadAra pAlisa abhI taka bhI jyo kI tyo banI hai / lAhaura, mathurA, lakhanaU, prayAga Adi ke myUjiyamo meM bhI aneka jaina-mUrtiyAM maujUda hai / iname se kucha gupta kAlIna hai / zrI vAsudeva upAdhyAya ne likhA hai ki mathurA meM 24 veM tIrthakara vardhamAna mahAvIra kI eka mUrti milI hai jo kumAragupta ke

Page #143
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 133 samaya meM taiyAra kI gaI thI / vAstava me mathurA meM jaina mUrti kalA kI dRSTi se bhI bahuta kAma huA hai / zrI rAyakRSNadAsa ne likhA hai ki mathurA kI zugakAlIna kalA mukhyata jaina-sampradAya kI hai57 / khaNDagiri aura udayagiri me I0 pU0 188-30 taka kI zuga-kAlIna mUrti - gila ke adbhuta cAturya ke darzana hote hai / vahA~ para isa kAla kI kaTI huI sau ke lagabhaga jaina guphAe hai, jiname mUrti - zilpa bhI hai| dakSiNa bhArata ke alagAmale nAmaka sthAna me khudAI se jo jaina-mUrtiyA upalabdha huI hai, unakA samaya I0 pU0 300-200 ke lagabhaga batAyA jAtA hai / una mUrtiyo kI saumyAkRti drAviDakalA meM anupama mAnI jAtI hai | zravaNa velagolA kI prasiddha jaina- mUrti to sasAra kI adbhuta vastuoM meM se hai / vaha apane anupama saundarya aura adbhuta zAnti se pratyeka vyakti ko apanI ora AkRSTa kara letI hai / yaha vizva ko jaina mUrti kalA kI anupama dena hai / maurya aura zuMga kAla ke pazcAt bhAratIya mUrti - kalA kI mukhya tIna dhArAe~ hai : (1) gAMvAra - kalA - jo uttara-pazcima me panapI / (2) mathurA- kalA - jo mathurA ke samIpavartI kSetro meM vikasita huI / (3) amarAvatI kI kalA - jo kRSNA nadI ke taTa para pallavita huI / jaina mUrti kalA kA vikAsa mathurA kalA se huA / jaina sthApatya kalA ke sarvAdhika prAcIna avazeSa udayagiri, khaNDa giri eva jUnAgaDha kI guphAo me milate hai | uttaravartI sthApatya kI dRSTi se cittoDa kA kIrti stambha, AvU ke mandira eva rANakapura ke jaina mandiro ke stambha bhAratIya zailI ke rakSaka rahe hai /

Page #144

Page #145
pA~ca saMgha vyavasthA aura caryA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna dharma-sampradAya saMgha vyavasthA aura saMskRti kA unnayana samAcAro AcArya ke chaha karttavya dinacaryA zrAvaka sagha zrAvaka ke chaha guNa ziSTAcAra jainaparva 135 - 148 !

Page #146

Page #147
bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna dharma-sampradAya bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yuga dhArmika matavAdI aura karmakANDo se sakula thaa| vauddha sAhitya ke anusAra usa samaya tiresaTha zramaNa-sampradAya vidyamAna the| jaina-sAhitya meM tIna sau tiresaTha dharma-matavAdo kA ullekha milatA hai| yaha bhedopabheda kI vistRta carcA hai / sakSepa me sAre sampradAya cAra varNo me samAte the| bhagavAn ne unheM cAra samavasaraNa kahA hai| ve hai - (1) kriyAvAda (2) akriyAvAda (3) vinayavAda ( 4 ) ajnyaanvaad| bauddha sAhitya bhI sakSipta iSTi se chaha zramaNa-sampradAyo kA ullekha karatA hai / unake matavAda ye hai : (1) akriyAvAda (2) niyativAda ( 3 ) ucchedavAda (4) anyonyavAda (5) cAturyAma savaravAda (6) vikSepavAda / aura inake AcArya kramaza ye hai : (1) pUraNa kazyapa ( 2 ) makkhaligozAla ( 3 ) ajita keza kavali (4) pakughakAtyAyana (5) nirganya jJAta putra (6) sajayavelaTThiputra / akriyAvAda aura ucchedavAda-ye dono lagabhaga samAna hai| inheM anAtmavAdI yA nAstika kahA jA sakatA hai| dagAzruta skandha (chaThI dazA ) meM akriyAvAda kA varNana isa prakAra hai - nAstikavAdI, nAstika prajJa nAstika dRSTi, no samyagvAdI, no nityavAdI-ucchedavAdI, no paralokavAdI-ye akriyAvAdI haiN| inake anusAra ihaloka nahI hai, paraloka nahI hai, mAtA nahIM hai, pitA nahI hai, arihanta nahI hai, cakravartI nahIM hai, baladeva nahI hai, vAsudeva nahI hai, naraka nahI hai, nairayika nahI hai, sukRta aura duSkRta ke phala meM antara nahIM hai, sucIrNa karma kA acchA phala nahIM hotA, duzcIrNa karma kA burA phala nahIM hotA, kalyANa aura pApa aphala hai, punarjanma nahI hai, moza nahI hai / sUtra kRtAMga ne akriyAvAda ke kaI matavAdo kA varNana hai| vahA~ anAtmavAda,

Page #148
138 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa AtmA ke akartRtvAda, mAyAvAda, bandhyavAda yA niyatavAda - - ina sabako 6 akriyAvAda kahA hai niyativAda kI carcA bhagavatI ( 15 ) aura upAsaka dazA milatI hai / / 7 ) meM anyonyavAda saba padArtho ko bandhya aura niyata mAnatA hai, isalie use akriyAvAda kahate haiM / inakA varNana ina zabdo me hai -sUrya na udita hotA hai aura na asta hotA hai, 7 candramA na baDhatA hai na ghaTatA hai, jala pravAhita nahI hotA hai, vAyu nahI bahatI hai--yaha samUcA loka bandhya aura niyata hai / vikSepavAda kA samAveza ajJAnavAda me hotA hai / sUtra kRtAMga ke anusAra - "ajJAnavAdI tarka karane meM kuzala hone para bhI asabaddhabhASI hai / kyoki ve svayaM sandeha se pare nahI ho sake hai / yaha sajayavelaTThaputra ke abhimata kI ora saketa hai / 10 11 bhagavAn mahAvIra kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda kI samIkSA karate hue dIrghakAla taka sayama me upasthita rahe ' ' / bhagavAn ne kriyAvAda kA mArga cunA / unakA AcAra AtmA, karma, punarjanma aura mukti ke siddhAnta para sthira huA / unakI saMskRti ko hama isI kasauTI para parakha sakate hai / kucheka vidvAno kI cintanadhArA yaha hai ki yajJa Adi karmakANDoM ke virodha me jaina dharma kA udbhava huA / yaha zramapUrNa hai / ahiMsA aura saMyama jaina - saskRti kA pradhAna sUtra hai / usakI paramparA bhagavAn mahAvIra se bahuta hI purAnI hai / bhagavAn ne apane samaya kI burAIyo va avivekapUrNa dhArmika kriyAkANDo para hiMsA pradhAna yajJa, jAtivAda, bhASAvAda, dAsa prathA Adi para tIvra prahAra kiyA kintu yaha unakI ahiMsA kA samagra rUpa nahI hai / yaha kevala usakI sAmayika vyAkhyA hai / unhone ahiMsA kI jo zAzvata vyAkhyA dI usakA AdhAra saMyama kI pUrNatA hai / usakA sambandha unhone usI se jor3A hai jo pArzvanAtha Adi sabhI tIrthakaro se pracArita kI gaI 12 / bhAratIya saMskRti vaidika aura prAgvaidika dono dhArAo kA mizrata rUpa hai | zramaNa saMskRti prAg vaidika hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra usake unnAyaka the /

Page #149
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [136 unhone prAcIna paramparAo ko Age bddh'aayaa| apane sama sAmayika vicAro ko parIkSA kI aura unake Aloka meM apane abhimata janatA ko smjhaae| unake vicAroM kA AlocanA pUrvaka vivecana sUtra kRtAMga meM milatA hai| vahA~ paca mahAbhUtavAda' 3, ekAtmavAda 14, tajjIvataccharIravAda'5, akArakavAda'6, paSThAtmavAda17, niyativAda18, sRSTivAda 9, kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, yadRcchAvAda, prakRtivAda Adi aneka vicAro kI carcA aura una para bhagavAn kA dRSTikoNa milatA hai| saMgha-vyavasthA aura saMskRti kA unnayana ___ saMskRti kI sAvanA akele meM ho sakatI hai para usakA vikAsa akele me nahI hotA, usakA prayojana hI nahI hotA, vaha samudAya meM hotA hai / samudAya mAnyatA ke vala para banate hai| asamAnatAo ke uparAnta bhI koI eka samAnatA AtI hai aura loga eka bhAvanA me jur3a jAte hai| __ jaina manIpiyo kA cintana sAdhanA ke pakSa me jitanA vaiyaktika hai, utanA hI sAdhanA-sasthAna ke pakSa me sAmudAyika hai| jaina tIrthakaro ne dharma ko eka ora vaiyaktika kahA, dUsarI ora tIrtha kA pravartana kiyA-zramaNa-zramaNI aura zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke sagha kI sthApanA kii| jaina sAhitya meM caryA yA sAmAcArI ke lie 'vinaya' zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| uttarAvyayana ke pahale aura dazavakAlika ke nave adhyayana me vinaya kA sUkSma dRSTi se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vinaya eka tapasyA hai| mana, vANI aura zarIra ko sayata karanA vinaya hai, vaha saskRti hai| isakA vAhya rUpa lokopacAra vinaya hai| ise sabhyatA kA unnayana kahA jA sakatA hai| isake sAta rUpa hai - 1- abhyAsavartitA-apane vaDo ke samIpa rahane kA manobhAva / 2-parachandAnuvartitA-apane vaDo kI icchAnusAra pravRtti karanA / 3-kArya-hetu-guru ke dvArA diye hue jJAna Adi kArya ke lie unakA sammAna karanA / 4-kRtapratikartRtA-kRtajJa honA, upakAra ke prati kucha karane kA manobhAva rkhnaa|

Page #150
140 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 5-Artta-gaveSaNatA-Arta vyaktiyoM kI gaveSaNA krnaa| 6-deza-kAlajJatA-deza aura kAla ko samajha kara kArya krnaa| 7-sarvArtha-pratilomatA-saba arthoM meM prayojanoM ke anukUla pravRtti karanA / sAmAcArI zramaNa-sagha ke lie dasa prakAra kI sAmAcArI kA vidhAna hai21 / 1-AvazyakI-upAzraya se bAhara jAte samaya AvazyakI-Avazyaka kArya ke lie jAtA huuN-khe| 2-naSedhikI-kArya se nivRtta hokara Ae taba naiSedhikI-maiM nivRtta ho cukA huuN-khe| 3-ApRcchA-apanA kArya karane kI anumati lenaa| 4-pratipRcchA-dUsaro kA kArya karane kI anumati lenaa| 5-chandanA-bhikSA me lAe AhAra ke lie sArmika sAdhuo ko AmaMtrita krnaa| 6-icchAkAra-kArya karane kI icchA jatAnA, jaise-Apa cAhe to maiM ApakA kArya karUM? 7-mithyAkAra - bhUla ho jAne para svayaM usakI AlocanA karanA / 8-tathAkAra-AcArya ke vacano ko svIkAra karanA / &-abhyutthAna-AcArya Adi gurujano ke Ane para khar3A honA, sammAna krnaa| 10-upasampadA-jJAna Adi kI prApti ke lie guru ke samIpa vinIta bhAva se rahanA athavA dUsare sAdhugaNo meM jAnA / jaise ziSya kA AcArya ke prati kartavya hotA hai, vaise hI AcArya kA bhI ziSya ke prati kartavya hotA hai| AcArya ziSya ko cAra prakAra kI vinayapratipatti sikhA kara uRga hotA hai :-- 1-AcAra-vinaya 2-zruta-vinaya 3-vikSepaNA-vinaya aura 4-doSanirdhAta-vinaya22 /

Page #151
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [141 AcAra-vinaya ke cAra prakAra hai :(1) sayama sAmAcArI-sayama ke AcaraNa kI vidhi / (2) tapa sAmAcArI-tapazcaraNa kI vidhi / ( 3 ) gaNa sAmAcArI - gaNa kI vyavasthA kI vidhi / (4) ekAkI vihAra sAmAcArI-ekala vihAra kI vidhi / zruta-vinaya ke cAra prakAra hai - (1) sUtra pddhaanaa| (2) artha paDhAnA / ( 3 ) hitakara viSaya paDhAnA / (4) ni zepa par3hAnA-vistAra pUrvaka paDhAnA / vikSepaNA-vinaya ke cAra prakAra hai :(1) jisane dharma nahI dekhA, use dharma-mArga dikhA kara samyaktvI banAnA / (2) jisane dharma dekhA hai, use sAdharmika vanAnA / (3 ) dharma se gire hue ko dharma me sthira karanA / (4) dharma-sthita vyakti ke hita- sukha aura mokSa ke lie tatpara rhnaa| dopa-nirghAta-vinaya ke cAra prakAra hai :(1) kupita ke krodha ko upazAnta karanA / (2) duSTa ke dopa ko dUra karanA / ( 3 ) AkAMkSA kA chedana karanA / (4) AtmA ko zreSTha mArga meM lagAnA / AcArya ke chaha kartavya saMgha kI vyavasthA ke lie AcArya ko nimnalikhita chaha vAto kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie :1- sUtrArtha sthirIkaraNa - sUtra ke vivAdagrasta arya kA nizcaya karanA athavA sUtra aura artha me caturvidha-sagha ko sthira krnaa| 2-vinaya-sabake sAtha namratA se vyavahAra karanA / 3- guru-pUjA-apane bar3e arthAt sthavira sAdhuo kI bhakti karanA /

Page #152
142 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 4 -- zaikSa bahumAna - zikSA grahaNa karane vAle aura nava dIkSita sAdhuoM kA satkAra karanA / 5- dAnapati zraddhA vRddhi--dAna dene me dAtA kI zraddhA baDhAnA | 6 - buddhibalavaddhana -- apane ziSyo kI buddhi tathA AdhyAtmika zakti ko baDhAnA 1 ziSya ke lie cAra prakAra kI vinaya pratipatti Avazyaka hotI hai : 1- upakaraNa- utpAdanatA 2 - sahAyatA 3 - varNa-sajvalanatA 4-bhArapratyava rohaNatA / upakaraNa- utpAdana ke cAra prakAra hai : ( 1 ) anutpanna upakaraNo kA utpAdana | ( 2 ) purAne upakaraNoM kA sarakSaNa aura saMgha gopana karanA / ( 3 ) upakaraNa kama ho jAe to unakA punaruddhAra karanA / ( 4 ) yathAvidhi savibhAga karanA / sahAyatA ke cAra prakAra hai : (1) anukUla bacana bolanA / ( 2 ) kAyA dvArA anukUla sevA karanA / 3 ) jaise sukha mile vaise sevA karanA / ( 4 ) akuTila vyavahAra karanA / varNa - sajvalanatA ke cAra prakAra hai *- ( 1 ) yathArtha guNo kA varNana karanA / ( 2 ) avarNavAdI ko niruttara karanA / ( 3 ) yathArtha guNa varNana karane vAlo ko baDhAvA denA / ( 4 ) apane se vRddho kI sevA karanA / bhArapratyavarohaNatA ke cAra prakAra hai ( 1 ) nirAdhAra yA parityakta sAdhuo ko Azraya denA / ( 2 ) nava dIkSita sAdhu ko AcAra - gocara ko vidhi sikhAnA | ( 3 ) sAdharmika ke rugNa ho jAne para usakI yathAzakti sevA karanA | ( 4 ) sAdharmiko me paraspara kalaha utpanna hone para kisI kA pakSa lie /

Page #153
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [143 vinA madhyastha bhAva se usake upazamana, kSamAyAcanA Adi kA prayatna karanA, ye mere sAdharmika kisa prakAra kalaha-mukta hokara samAdhi sampanna ho, aisA cintana karate rahanA24) dinacaryA apara rAtri meM uTha kara AtmAlocana va dharma jAgarikA karanA-yaha caryA kA pahalA aga hai"| svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi ke pazcAt Avazyaka karma karanA26 / Avazyaka-avazya karaNIya karma chaha hai : 1-sAmAyika-samabhAva kA abhyAsa, usakI pratijJA kA punarAvartana / 2-caturvizastava -caubIsa tIthaMkaro kI stuti / 3-vandanA-nAcArya ko dagAvata-vandanA / 4-pratikramaNa-kRta dopo kI AlocanA / 5-kAryotsarga-kAyA kA sthirIkaraNa-sthira-cintana / 6-pratyAkhyAna-tyAga karanA / isa Avazyaka kArya se nivRtta hokara sUyardoya hote-hote muni bhANDaupakaraNo kA pratilekhana kare, unheM dekhe| usake pazcAt hAtha joDa kara guru se pUche-maiM kyA karUM? Apa mujhe AnA deM-maiM kisI kI sevA meM lageM yA svAdhyAya me? yaha pUchane para AcArya sevA meM lagAe to amlAna-bhAva se sevA kare aura yadi svAdhyAya meM lagAe to svAdhyAya kare27 / dinacaryA ke pramukha aga hai-svAdhyAya aura dhyAna / kahA hai : svAdhyAyAd dhyAnamavyAstAM, dhyAnAt svAvyAya mAmanet / ghyAna - svAdhyAya - sapattyA, paramAtmA prakAzate // svAdhyAya ke pazcAt dhyAna kare aura dhyAna ke pazcAt svAdhyAya / isa prakAra dhyAna aura svAdhyAya ke krama se paramAtmA prakAzita ho jAtA hai / Agamika kAla-vibhAga isa prakAra rahA hai-dina ke pahale pahara me svAdhyAya kareM, dUsare meM dhyAna, tIsare me bhikSA-caryA aura cauthe me phira svAdhyAya rAta ke pahale pahara me svAdhyAya kare, dUsare me dhyAna, tIsare me nIda le aura cauthe me phira svAdhyAya kre| pUrva rAta meM bhI Avazyaka karma kare30 / pahale pahara me pratilekhana 31 kare

Page #154
144] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa vaise cauthe pahara bhI kare32, yaha muni kI jAgarukatApUrNa jIvana-caryA hai / zrAvaka-saMgha dharma kI ArAdhanA me jaise sAdhu-sAdhvioN saMgha ke aMga hai, vaise zrAvakazrAvikAeM bhI hai| ye cAro milakara hI caturvidha-saMgha ko pUrNa banAte haiN| bhagavAn ne zrAvaka-zrAvikAo ko sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke mAtA-pitA tulya kahA hai| zrAvaka kI dhArmika caryA yaha hai :1-sAmAyika ke agoM kA anupAlana / 2-donoM pakSoM meM pauSadhopavAsa34 / Avazyaka karma jaise sAdhu-saMgha ke lie hai, vaise hI zrAvaka-sagha ke lie bhI haiN| zrAvaka ke chaha guNa deza virati cAritra kA pAlana karane vAlA zraddhA-sampanna-vyakti zrAvaka kahalAtA hai / isake chaha guNa hai : 1-vrato kA samyak prakAra se anuSThAna / vratoM kA anuSThAna cAra prakAra se hotA hai(ka) vinaya aura bahumAna pUrvaka vrato ko sunnaa| (kha) vrato ke bheda aura aticAro ko sAMgopAMga jAnanA / (ga) guru ke samIpa kucha kAla ke lie athavA sadA ke lie vratoM ko svIkAra krnaa| (gha) grahaNa kiye hue vratoM ko samyag prakAra paalnaa| 2-zIla ( AcAra )- isake chaha prakAra hai : (ka) jahA~ bahuta se zIlavAn bahuzruta sAdharmika loga ekatra ho, usa sthAna ko Ayatana kahate hai, vahA~ AnA-jAnA rkhnaa| (kha) binA kArya dUsare ke ghara na jaanaa| (ga) camakIlA-bhar3akIlA veSa na rakhate hue sAde vastra phnnaa| (gha) vikAra utpanna karane vAle vacana na kahanA / (Da) bAla-krIr3A arthAt juA Adi kuvyasano kA tyAga krnaa|

Page #155
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 145 (ca) mayura nIti se arthAt zAntimaya mIThe vacano se kArya calAnA, kaThora vacana na bolnaa| (3)-guNavattA-isake pA~ca prakAra hai : - (1) vAcanA, pRcchanA, parivartanA, anuprekSA aura dharma-kathA rUpa pA~ca prakAra kA svAdhyAya krnaa| (2) tapa, niyama, vandanAdi anuSThAno me tatpara rahanA / (3) vinayavAn honaa| (4) durAgraha nahIM krnaa| (5) jinavANI meM ruci rkhnaa| 4- Rju vyavahAra karanA-niSkapaTa hokara sarala bhAva se vyavahAra karanA / 5-guru-suthuupaa| 6-pravacana arthAt gAmyo ke jJAna me pravINatA 30 | ziSTAcAra ziSTAcAra ke prati jaina AcArya bar3I sUkSmatA se dhyAna dete hai| ve AzAtanA ko sarvathA parihArya mAnate hai| kisI ke prati anucita vyavahAra karanA hiMmA hai| AgAtanA hiMsA hai| abhimAna bhI hiMsA hai| namratA kA arya hai kapAya-vijaya / abhyutyAna, abhivAdana, priyanimantraNa, abhimukhagamana, Asana-pradAna, pahuMcAne ke lie jAnA, prAjalIkaraNa Adi-Adi ziSTAcAra ke aga hai| inakA vizada varNana uttarAdhyayana ke pahale aura dazavakAlika ke naveM avyayana me hai| ___zrAvaka vyavahAra-dRSTi se dUsare zrAvako ko bhI vandanA karate the36 / dharmadRSTi se unake lie vandanIya muni hote hai / vandanA kI vidhi yaha hai : tikkhutto AyAhiNa payAhiNa ( karemi ) vadAmi namasAmi sakkAremi sammAmi kallANa maMgala devaya ceiya pajjuvAsAmi matyaeNa vadAmi / jaina AcArya AtmA ko tIna sthitiyo meM vibhakta karate hai - (1) vahirAtmA- jise deha aura AtmA kA bheda-jJAna na ho, mithyA. dRSTi /

Page #156
146] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa (2) antarAtmA-jo deha aura AtmA ko pRthak jAnatA ho, samyaga-dRSTi / (3) paramAtmA-jo cAritra-sampanna ho / namaskAra mahAmantra me paoNca paramAtmAo ko namaskAra kiyA jAtA hai / yaha AdhyAtmika aura tyAga-pradhAna saMskRti kA eka saMkSipta-sA rUpa hai| isakA sAmAjika jIvana para bhI pratibimba par3A hai| jainaparva 1-akSaya tRnIyA 2-paryuSaNa va dasalakSaNa 3-mahAvIra jayantI 4-dIpAvalI parva atIta kI ghaTanAo ke pratIka hote hai / jaino ke mukhya parva ikSu tRtIyA yA akSaya tRtIyA, paryuSaNa va dasa lakSaNa, mahAvIra jayantI aura dIpAvalI hai| akSaya tRtIyA kA sambandha Adya tIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhanAtha se hai| unhone vaizAkha sudI tRtIyA ke dina bAraha mahIno kI tapasyA kA ikSu-rasa se pAraNA kiyaa| isalie vaha ikSu tRtIyA yA akSaya tRtIyA kahalAtA hai| paryuSaNa parva ArAdhanA kA parva hai / bhAdra badI 12 yA 13 se bhAdra sudI 4 yA 5 taka yaha parva manAyA jAtA hai| isameM tapasyA, svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi Atma-zodhaka pravRttiyo kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai| isakA antima dina samvatsarI kahalAtA hai| varSa bhara kI bhUlo ke lie kSamA lenA aura kSamA denA isakI svayabhUta vizeSatA hai / yaha parva maitrI aura ujjvalatA kA saMdezavAhaka hai / digambara-paramparA meM bhAdra zuklA pacamI se caturdazI taka dasa lakSaNa parva manAyA jAtA hai| isameM pratidina kSamA Adi dasa dharmo me eka-eka dharma kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai| isalie ise dasa lakSaNa parva kahA jAtA hai| mahAvIra jayantI caitra zuklA 13 ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma divasa ke upalakSa meM manAI jAtI hai| dIpAvalI kA sabaMdha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa se hai| kArtikI amA

Page #157
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [147 vasyA ko bhagavAna kA nirvANa huA thaa| usa samaya devo ne aura rAjAo ne prakAza kiyA thaa| usI kA anusaraNa dIpa jalA kara kiyA jAtA hai| dIpAvalI kI utpatti ke sambandha me zrIrAma tathA bhagavAn zrIkRSNa ke jo prasaga hai ve kevala jana-zruti para AdhArita hai, kintu isa tyohAra kA jo sambandha jainiyo se hai, vaha itihAsa-sammata hai| prAcInatama jaina granyo me yaha bAta spaSTa zabdoM meM kahI gaI hai ki kArtika kRSNA caturdazI kI rAtri tayA amAvasyA ke dina prabhAta ke vIca sandhi-velA me bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nirvANa prApta kiyA thA tathA isa avasara para devo tathA indro ne dIpamAlikA sajAI thii| AcArya jinasena ne harivaMza purANa me jisakA racanA-kAla zaka saMvat 507 mAnA gayA hai| spaSTa zabdo me svIkAra kiyA hai ki dIpAvalI kA mahotsava bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa kI smRti meM manAyA jAtA hai / dIpAvalI kI utpatti ke sambandha meM yahI prAcInatama pramANa hai37 /

Page #158

Page #159
pariziSTa

Page #160

Page #161
prathama khaNDa : eka : 1- - Ava0 ni0 203 2-- Ava0 ni0 211 3- Ava0 ni0 211 4- aso mAtA-pitA bhrAtA, bhAryA putro gRhaM ghanam / mametyAdi ca mamatA'bhUjanAnAM tadAdikA // triSaSTi 2 / 1126 5- triSaSTi0 1121863-602 6- triSaSTi0 112625- 632 7- triSaSTi0 112-656 8- sthA0 7 / 3 / 557 ha - sthA0 713557 10 - triSaSTi0 1121278-6 11 -- triSaSTi0 12674-76 12 - chAndo0 upa0 3 / 1716 13 -- jJAtA-5 14- chAndo0 upa0 3 / 1716 15 - AcA0 1 / 1 / 1 16- utta0 22/6,8 17- utta0 22 25, 27 18- utta0 22/31 16- anta, 0, 318 20- anta0 5 / 1-8 21- anta0 111-10,211-8, 411-10 22 - jJAtA0 5, nira0 patra 53 23 - chAndo0 upa0 3 / 17 6 24 - jJAtA0 16, sthA0 626 patra 410, sama0 10 patra 17, sama0 158 patra 152

Page #162
152 ] : at: 1 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa -bhA0 saM0 a0 -bhA0 saM0 a0 pR0 35 3- zrI0 kA0 lo0 sarga 36887-88 4-- pArzva ke upadeza ko 'cAturyAma - savara vAda' kahate the / bhA0 saM0 38, 47 5 - jaina muni zrI darzana vijayajI ( tripuTI ) - jaina0 bhA0 aka 26 varSa 4 - Ava0 cU0 ( pUrva bhAga ) patra 245 7 - kalpa0 106 8- AcA0 224666 6- AcA0 212411004 10 - AcA0 2 / 24 / 1002 11 - kalpa 0 106 12 - AcA0 2 / 24 / 662 13 - kalpa0 110 14 -- AcA0 2 / 2411005 15--AcA0 2 / 24 / 1005 16- kalpa0 106 17 - AcA0 2 / 24 / 1005 18 - mahA0 ka0 pR0 113 16- AcA0 116 11472 20 - savvaM me akaraNijjaM pAvakammatti kaTTu - AcA0 2124 21 sU0 116 22. - lADha - rADha - pazcimI daMgAla ke antargata hugalI, hAvar3A, bAMkuDA, bardavAna aura pUrvIya midanApura ke jile / lADha-deza vajra-bhUmi, ( vIrabhUma ) zubhra - bhUmi ( siMghabhUma ) nAmaka pradezo meM vibhakta thA / 23- AcA0 2 / 24 / 1024 24 - sthA0 10 13 / 777

Page #163
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 153 25 -- indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti vyakta, sudharmA, maNDita, mauryaputra, akampita, acalanAtA, metArya, prabhAsa / 26- AcA0 2 / 24 27 - AcA0 115 11144 25- bhaga0 111 26- AcA0 115 / 5 / 164 30 --- agnibhUti - karma hai yA nahI ? vAyubhUti - zarIra aura jIva eka hai yA bhinna ? vyakta - pRthvI Adi bhUta hai yA nahI ? mudharmA - yahA~ jo jaisA hai vaha paraloka me bhI vaisA hotA hai yA nahI ? maDita-putra-vandha mokSa hai yA nahI ? maurya - putra - deva hai yA nahI ? akampita - naraka hai yA nahI ? acala bhrAtA -- puNya hI mAtrA bheda se sukha-dukha kA kAraNa banatA hai yA pApa usase pRthaka hai ? tArtha - AtmA hone para bhI paraloka hai yA nahI ? prabhAsa - mokSa hai yA nahIM ? ( vi0 bhA0 1546 - 2024 ) 31 - zra0 varSa 1 aMka 9 pR0 37-36 32- bhaga0 1211 33 - jinakI vAcanA samAna ho unakA samUha gaNa kahalAtA hai| AThaveM - naveM tathA dasaveM gyArahaveM gaNadharo kI vAcanA samAna thI, isalie unake gaNa do bhI mAne jAte hai | sama0 34- sthA0 vR0 3 / 3 / 177 35 vyava0 36 - naM0 46 37 - sama0 114 35 sama0 115

Page #164
154] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 36 - dRSTivAda ke eka bahuta bar3e bhAga kI saMjJA "caturdaza-pUrva hai| usake jJAtA ko 'zruta-kevalI kahate hai| 40-dekho jaina0 da0 i0 pR0 180.160 41-samaNassaNaM bhagavao mahAvIrassa tithaMsi satta pavataNa niNhagA pannatA taMjahA bahuratA, jIvapaesiA, avattiyA sAmuccheittA, do kiriyA, terAsiyA, abaddhiyA eesi NaM sattaNha pavayaNaniNhagANa satta dhammAyariyA hutyA-tajahA-jamAli tIsagutte, AsADhe, Asamite, gage, chalue goTThAmAhile, -ettesi NaM sattaNha pavayaza niNhagANaM sattapatti nagarA hutyA taMjahA-sAvatthI, usamapuraM setavitA, mihilA, mullagAtIraM, purimataraMji, dasapura niNhaga utpatti nagarAI-sthA0 7587 42--vi0 bhA0 2550-2602 43-kalpa0 28 44-kalpa0 163 45-jaM pi vatthaM va pAyaM vA, kambala pAyapuJchaNaM / taM pi saMjama-lajjaTThA, dhAraMti pariharati ya // na so pariggaho vutto, nAyaputteNa tAiNA // mucchA pariggaho vutto, ii vRtta mahesiNA // samvatthuvahiNA buddhA, sarakSaNa pariggahe / ava appaNo vi dehammi nAyarati mamAiyaM // -daza vai0 6 / 20,21,22 46-ta0 sU0 712 47-gaNa-paramohi-pulAe, AhAraga khaga-uvasame kappe / sajama-tiya kevali-sijmaNAya jabummi bucchinnA // -vi0 bhA0 2563 49-SaT prA0 pR0 67 46-jo vi duvattha tiSattho, egeNa acelago va saMtharai / Na hu te hIlaMti paraM, sabve pi ya te jiNAzAe, // 1 //

Page #165
jana paramparA kA itihAsa [155 je khalu visarisakappA, saMghayaNa dhiiyAdi kAraNa pappa / Na' vamannai Na ya hINaM, appANa mannaI tehiM // 2 // samve vi jiNANAe, jahAvihiM kamma khavaNaTThAe / viharati ujayA khalu, samma abhijANai evaM // 3 // -AcA. vR0 163 50-6680 51-0 su0 52-devaDhi khamAsamaNa jA, paraMpara bhAva o viyANemi / siThilAyAre ThaviyA, damveNa paraparA bahuhA / ~ 0 a0 53---sU0 2 / 2,54 54 jIvAbhigama 3 / 2 / 10-4 tIna : 1-jahajIvA vajjhati, muccati jaha ya sakilissati / jaha dukkhANa ata karati kai apaDibaddhA-aupa0 dharma0 4 2-na0 46 3-sarvazrutAt pUrva kriyate iti pUrvANi, utpAdapUrvA' dIni caturdaza / -sthA0 10 1011 4-jaiviya bhUyAvAe savvassa vayogayassa oyaaro| nijahaNA yahA vihu dummehe pappa ityI ya -Ava0ni0 pR0 48, vi0 bhA0 551 5- na0 57, sama0 14 vAM tathA 147 vAM 6-na0 7-"bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe dhammamAikhaI"-sama0 pR0 60 "tae Na samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre kUNi asya raNo bhibhiMsAraputtassa...... addhamAgahAe bhAsAe bhAsai sAvi ya Na addhamAgahA bhAsA tersi sancesiM AriyamaNAriyANa appaNe sabhAsAe pariNAmeNa pariNamai..... -aupa0

Page #166
156] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 8-"devA Na bhaMte ! kayarAe bhAsAe bhAsaMti ? kayarA vA bhAsA bhAsijjamANI visissati ? goyamA ! devANa addhamAgadvAe bhAsAe bhAsaMti / sAvi ya Na addhamAgahA bhAsA bhAsijjamANI visissati" / -bhaga0 5 / 4 6-"se ki taM bhAsAriyA ? bhAsAriyA je Na addhamAgahAe bhAsAe -prajJA0 1162 10 bhAratI bhAsaMti" vaidika prAthamika prAkRta brAhmaNa grantho kI bhASA dvatIyika prAkRta (prathama bhUmika) aitihAsika kAvyo kI bhASA tIyika prAkRta (dvitIya bhUmikA) (1) pAlI zaurasenI pANini kI saMskRta (2) ardha mAgadhI (patajali paryanta) (3) pUrvIya mAgadhI (4) pazcimIya prAkRta (azoka kI dhalipi dvatIyika prAkRta kA vibhAgIkaraNa nIce diyA gayA hai / dvatIyika prAkRta-prathama bhUmikA dvatIyika prAkRta-dvitIya bhUmikA pAlI mAgadhI bhASA ardhamAgadhI (zuddha) azoka kI lekha bhASA (azoka kI lekha bhASA) (pazcima bhAga kI) (pUrva deza kI) gaurjara apratra za (Standard ) zaurasenI vyAkaraNastha mAgadhI ardhamAgadhI ( sUtro kI ) mahArASTrI Standard G7 HETZTOTT apabhraMza

Page #167
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [ 157 11 - " magadaddha visayabhAsANibaddha addhamAgaha, aTThArasadesI bhAsA Nimaya vA addhamAgaha" ( ni0 cU0 ) 12- hema0 81113 13 - sakkatA pAgatA ceva duTTA bhaNitIo AhiyA / saramaDalammi gijjate pasatthA isibhAsitA // " ( sthA0 71364 ) 14 - gaNaharatherakaya vA AesA mukkavAgaraNato vA / dhuvacala visesato vA agANagesu nANatta | - Ava0 ni0 48, vi0 bhA0 550 15 - dazave0 bhUmikA 16 -- dazave0 bhUmikA 17- pA0 sa0 ma upodghAta pR0 30-31 18 pari0 parva 8 / 113,655-58 16-bhaga0 2018 A 20 - catuSvaike kasUtrArthA --khyAne syAt kopi nakSama / tato'nuyogA~zcaturaH pArthakyena vyadhAt prabhu / - Ava0 kathA 174 21 - zava0 ni0 3 TI0 22 - prathamAnuyogamaryAkhyAna carita purANamavipuNyam / vovisamAdhinidhAna bovati bodha samIcInaH // 43 // lokAlokavibhakteryugapAravRttezcaturgatInAMJca / Adarzamiva tathAmatiravaiti karaNAnuyogaJca // 44 // gRhamedhyanagArANAM cAritrotpattivRddhirakSAGgam / caraNAnuyogasamaya samyagjJAna vijAnAti // 45 // jIvAjIvasutattve : puNyApuNye ca bandhamokSau ca / dravyAnuyogadIpaH zrutavidyAlokamAtanute // 46 // - ratna0 zrA0 adhikAra 1 pR0 71 72, 73

Page #168
158 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 23-pahalA pada 24--132 25-sama0, rA0pra0, prazna0 5 Asrava 26-jamvU0 vR0 2 vRkSa 27-lekha-sAmagnI ke lie dekho bhA0prA0li0mA0pR0 142-156,pura 0 (pu0 1 pR0 416-433 liMbar3I bhaMDAra ke sUcipatra ke lekha ) 28-1 pada 26-1 pada 30-4-2 31-patra 25 32-12 u0 33-IsavI pUrva caturtha zataka 34-bhA0 prA0 li0 mA0 50 35-bhA0 prA0 li. mA0pa0 2 36-bhA0 prA0 li. mA0 102 37-kalpa 1 adhi0 6 / 148 35-vAyaNatare puNa, nAgArjunIyAstu paThanti 36- (ka) sagha sa apaDilehA, bhAro ahikaraNameva avidinna sakAmaNa palimatho, pamAe parikammaga lihaNA, 147 vR0 ni0 u0 73 (kha) potyaemu dheppataemu asajamo bhavai~dazavai0 cU0 pR0 21 nanu pUrva pustakanirapekSava siddhAntAdivAcanA 'bhUt, sAmprata pustaka-sagnahaH kriyate sAdhubhistat katha sapatimaGgati ? ucyatepustaka-grahaNa tu kAraNikaM natvautsargikam / anmathA tu pustakagrahaNe bhUyAMso doSAH pratipAditAH santi -vize0 za0 36 40 --yAvato vArAn tatpUstaka badhnAti mu~cati vA akSarANi vA likhati tAvanti caturlaghUni AjJAdayazca doSA / -vR0 ni0 3 u0 41-koI mUDha mithyAtI jIva ima kahai re, sAdhu nai likhaNo kalpa nAhI re / pAnA piNa sAdhu nai rAkhaNAM re, ima kahai ghaNA~ lokA~ rai mA~hi re //

Page #169
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [156 cavade upakaraNa su adhika nahI rAkhaNA re, pAnA rAkhyA to upagaraNa adhikA thAya re| upagaraNa adhikA rAkhe te sAdha nizcaya nahI re, ehavI UdhI parUpI lokAM mAya re // - ji. upa0 33 42-jhANakoThIvagae, sajjhAya sajmANa rayassa,-bhaga0, dazava0 43--ji0 upa0 44 -10 saMvara-dvAra 45- nIma upagaraNa sAdhu re sUtra thI kahyA, AryA re upagaraNa adhika cyAra / igyAre ugaraNa sthavira ne kahA, mUtra mR joya kiyo chai nyAra re // ji. upa0 21 46-ji0 upa0 22 47-ji0 upa0 35-38, dagA0 4, prazna dvAra 7, nizItha u010, naM0 / 48-ji0 upa0 36.41 46-(ka) mati-sampadA AcArya-sampadA -dazA0 4 a0 (kha) karma-satya, lekhAdi matya | -prazna0 satya-saMvara dvAra (ga) nizI0 gAthA-3 (gha) zrutajJAna kA viSaya mava dravyo ko jAnanA aura dekhanA--naM. 50-kAlaM puNa paDucca caraNakaraNachA avocchitti nimitta ca geNhamANassa potthae sajamo bhavaDa / -dazava0 cUrNi pR0 21 51-zruta-puruSasya agepu praviSTam--aga-praviSTam -na0 vR0 52-jambU0 10 vakSa 1 53-ta. bhA0 TI0 pR0 23 54--"zrI devarddhigaNikSamAzramaNena zrIvIrAd azotyadhikanavazata (680) varSe jAtena dvAdazavIyadurbhikSavazAd bahutaramAdhuvyApatto bahuzrutavicchittau ca jatAyA. bhavyalokopakArAya zrutavyaktaye ca zrIsaghAnahAt mRtAvaziSTatadAkAlInasarvasAdhUn balamyAmAkArya tanmukhAd vicchinnAvaziSTAn nyUnAdhikAn truTitA'zruTitAn AgamAlApakAn anukrameNa svamatyA sakalayya pustakAlDhA kRtaaH| tato mUlano gaNadharabhASitAnAmapi

Page #170
160 ] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa tatsaMkalanAntaraM sarveSAmapi AgamAnAM kartA zrI devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa eva jaatH|" -sa0 za0 55.-pA0 bhA0 sA0 pR0 11 56-pA0 bhA0 sA0 pR0 65 57---pA0 bhA0 sI0 58-anu0 56-hema0 2 / 2 / 38 60--anya0 vyava0 3 61--hema0 212136 62 tR0 dvA08 63--eka0 dvA0 15 64 - ratna0 zrA0 prastAvanA pR0 157 65---yuktya0 61 66- adhyA0 upa0 4 / 2 67--prabhA0 vR0 205, paTa0 ( laghu0 ) paTa0 ( vRhad ) 68--ladhva0 20 66--zrIhemacandraprabhavAd vItarAga-stavAdita / kumArapAlabhUpAla., prApnotu phalamIpsitam ----trIta0 209 70--vIta0 2018 71--vIta0 115 72--bhara. mahA0 73--bhara0 mahA0 purga 17 74--pad0 mahA0 11467 75--pad0 mahA0 171133 76--zA0 su0 1315,6 77--ka0 ka0 ca0 78--sA0 saM0 bhAga 16 aMka 1-2 (bhASA vijJAna vizeSAMka ) pR0 7680 76--na0 vA0 DhAla vI dohA 2,3

Page #171
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [161 80-na0 vA0 DhAla 6 gAthA 8-13, 37, 38 81-AcArAMga : prathama zrutaskaMdha, bhagavatI, jJAtA, vipAka, prajJApanA, nizItha, uttarAdhyayana ( 22 adhyayana ) anuyoga dvAra / 52-inhoMne nava-aMga-sthAnAGga, samavAyAGga, bhagavatI, jJAtA, upAsaka dazA, antakRt dazA, anuttaraupapAtika dazA, prazna vyAkaraNa aura vipAka para TIkAeM likhii| 83-inhoMne AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAGga para TIkAeM likhii| ye vi0 10 vI zatAbdI meM hue| 84-inhone uttarAdhyayana para TIkA likhii| inakA samaya vi0 10 vI zatI hai| 85-inhone dAvakAlika para TIkA likhii| inakA samaya vi0 10 vI zatI hai| 86-ye anuyoga dvAra ke TIkAkAra hai / inakA samaya vi0 12 vAM zataka hai| 87-inhone rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, nandI, sUryaprajJapti candraprazati Adi para TIkAe likhii| inakA samaya vi0 12 vI zatAbdI hai / 55-niyuktiyAM bhadrabAhu dvitIya kI racanA hai| inakA samaya vi0 5 vI yA chaThI zatAbdI hai| 86-saMghadAsa gaNI aura jinabhadra ke bhASya sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| inakA samaya vi07 vI zatAbdI hai| 60-cUrNikAro meM jinadAsa mahattara prasiddha hai| inakA samaya vi0 7 vI 8 vI zatAbdI hai| 61-inakA samaya vi0 18 vI zatAbdI hai| 62-vAlAvavodha / 93-kAlu0 yazo0 2 / 5 / 4-8 64-kAlu0 yazo0 1 / 5 / 1,6,8, 10 95-kAlu0 yazo0 115 / 13-14 96-AcArya zrI tulasI ( jIvana para ekadRSTi ) pR0 86,60,61,92,93,64

Page #172
162 ] : cAra : jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 1- - sama0 6, 16,70 2 - vi0 ( disambara ) 1942 cInI bhAratIya saMskRti me ahiMsA-tattva aMka - 6 3 -sU0 1 / 7113 4 --- sU0 117114 5- sU0 1272.6 6 - sU0 117 / 16 7- utta0 12 / 37 8- sU0 1 / 13 / 11 & - utta0 6 / 10 10- utta0 68 / 10 11 - utta0 2044 12 - AcA0 1141226 13 - utta0 23, bhaga0 116, sU0 217, bhaga0 6 32, 14- bhaga0 2 1 15 - bhaga0 11 12 16 -- bhaga0 1116 17- bhaga0 7110, 1818 18- bhaga0 1810 16 - bhaga0 2 / 5 20- bhaga0 12 / 1 21- bhaga0 18/3 22- bhaga0 2 / 1 23 - utta0 2056 / 58, zre0 zA0 24- utta0 vR0 25- anta0 26 - jJAtA 1, anu0 dazA0 varga 1

Page #173
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 27- nira0 dazA0 10, sthA0 6666, sama0 152 samavAya, bhaga0 28 - bhaga0 26 - jaina0 bhA0 varSa 2 aka 1 30 - jaina0 bhA0 varSaM 2 aka 1 pR0 45, 46,47,48 [ 163 31 - jaina0 bhA0 varSa 6 aka 42 pR0 686 32 - vi0 ( ilAhAbAda ) ahiMsaka paramparA 33 - mU0 samAcAra, 21 mArca, 1937 34 - jaina0 bhA0 varSa 6 aMka 41 pR0 667 35 - jaina0 bhA0 varSa 6 aka 42 pR0 660 36--Our Oriental Heritage, page 467, 471 37 - jaina0 bhA0 varSa 6 aMka 42 pR0 660 pravaktA zrI AdityanAtha jhA, upakulapati, vArANasI saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya | 38 - veI diyANa jIvA asamArambhamANassa cauvihe saMjame kajjai, tajahAjibhAmayAo sokkhAo avavarovettA bhavai, jibhAmaraNaM dukkheNaM asajogettA bhavai, phAsAmayAo sokkhAo avavarovettA bhavai, phAsAmayAo dukkhAo asayogettA bhavai / ---sthA0 4-4 36 - dasavihe sajame pannate tajahA puDhavikA yasajame, appa - teu vAu - baNassaiastrajame idayaca uridisasajame pacediyasajame ajIvakAyasajame / -sthA0 10 - 40 - dasavihe savare pannate ta jahA -- soi diyasaMvare jAvaphAsiMdiyasa va re, maNavai - kAya uvagaraNasavare, sUIkusaggasavare | * sthA0 10 41 - dasavihe Asasapnaoge pannate ta jahA - iha logAsasappaoge, duhaologAsasayaoge, jIviyAsa sappaoge, paralogAsa sappaoge, maraNAsa sappaoge, kAmAsaMsaoge, bhogAsasappaoge, lAbhAsasappa oge, pyAsasampaoge, sakkArAsa sappaoge / - sthA0 10 42 - do ThANAi apariyANittA AyA No kevalipannatta dhamma labhejjA savaNAe tajahA--Arambhe caiva parigahe caitra / sthA0 211 43 - satre pANA sancai bhUyA sacce jIvA savve sattA na hantavvA, na

Page #174
bhatapANa 164 ] jana paramparA kA itihAsa ajjAveyavvA na parighetavvA na pariyAveyavvA na uddaveyavvA / esa dhamme suddha nitie saase| -AcA02 44-Indian Thought and its Development ( Page 79-84 45----Rga0 2 / 1 / 1 / 18 / 124 46-kayANamaha appaM vA bahuya vA pariggaha paricaissAmi / / -sthA0 3 47-kayANamaha muNDe bhavittA AgArAo aNagAria pavvaissAmi / -sthA0 3 48-kayANamahaM apacchimamAraNAMtiyasalehaNAjhUsaNAjhusie, paDiyAikkhao pAoe kAlamaNavakakhamANe viharissAmi / -sthA03 46-tittha puNa''samaNA samaNIo sAvayA sAviyAo ya / -bhaga0 208 50-utta0 12 51-gAme vA aduvA raNNe, neva gAme neva raNNe dhammamAyANaha / -AcA0 8 / 1 / 167 52-bhikkhAe vA mihatthe vA, suvvae kammaI diva / -utta0 za22 53 -jahA puSNassa katthai, tahA tucchassa katthai / jahA tucchassa katthai, tahA puNNassa katthai / / --AcA0 2 / 6 / 102 54-na0 55-jambU pra0, vRkSa 2 56-jAvattari kalAkusalA, paDiya purisA apaDiyA ceva / savva kalANa pavara, dhammakala je na yANati // 57 -bhA0 mU0 pR0 56 : paoNca: 1-yAni ca toNi yAni ca saTTi -pu0 ni0 (sabhiya sutta) 2-sU0 vR0 1112

Page #175
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa / 165 3-cattAri samIriNANimANi, pAvAduyA jAI puDho vayati / kiritha aphiriya viNiyati taiya, annANamAhasu cautyameva // sU0 1 / 12 / 1 4-dI0 2 5-ina chaha sagho me eka sagha kA AcArya pUraNa kazyapa thA / usakA kahanA thA ki "kisI ne kucha kiyA yA karavAyA, kATA yA kaTavAyA, takalIpha dI yA dilavAI, zoka kiyA yA karavAyA, kaSTa sahA yA diyA, DarA yA dUsare ko DarAyA, prANI kI hatyA kI, corI kI, DakaitI kI, ghara lUTa liyA, vaTamArI kI, parastrIgamana kiyA, asatya vacana kahA, phira bhI usako pApa nahI lagatA / tIkSNa dhAra ke cakra se bhI agara koI isa saMsAra ke saba prANiyo ko mArakara Dhera lagA de to bhI use pApa na lgegaa| gagA nado ke uttara kinAre para jAkara bhI koI dAna de yA dilavAe, yajJa kare yA karavAe, to kucha bhI puNya nahI hone kA / dAna, dharbha saMyama satya bhASaNa, ina savo se puNya-prApti nahIM hotii|" isa pUraNa kazyapa ke bAda ko akriyavAda kahate the| dUsare saMgha kA AcArya makkhali gosAla thA / usakA kahanA thA ki "prANI ke apavitra hone meM na kucha hetu hai na kucha kAraNa / vinA hetu ke aura binA kAraNa ke hI prANI apavitra hote hai / prANI kI zuddhi ke lie bhI koI hetu nahI hai, kucha bhI kAraNa nahIM hai / vinA hetu ke aura binA kAraNa ke hI prANI zuddha hote hai / khuda apanI yA dUsare kI zakti se kucha nahI hotA / bala, vIrya, puruSArtha yA parAkrama, yaha saba kucha nahI hai / saba prANI balahIna aura nivIrya hai-ve niyati ( bhAgya ) saMgati aura svabhAva ke dvArA pariNata hote hai-aklamanda aura mUrkha savo ke dukho kA nAza 80 lAkha ke mahAkalpo ke phera meM hokara jAne ke bAda hI hotA hai|" isa makkhali gosAla ke mata ko sapAra-zuddhi-bAda kahate the / iso ko niyativAda bhI kaha sakate hai / tIsare saba kA pramukha ajita kesa kavalI thaa| usakA kahanA thA ki "dAna yajJa, tayA homa, yaha saba kucha nahI hai, bhale-bure karmo kA phala nahI milatA, na ihaloka hai na paraloka-cAra bhUto se milakara manuSya banA hai / jaba vaha maratA hai

Page #176
166 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa to usameM kA pRthvI-dhAtu pRthvI meM, Apo dhAtu pAnI me, tejo dhAtu teja meM tathA vAyu dhAtu vAyu meM mila jAtA hai aura indriyAM saba AkAza meM mila jAtI hai / mare hue manuSya ko cAra AdamI arathI para sulAkara usakA guNagAna karate hue le jAte hai| vahA~ usako asthi sapheda ho jAtI hai aura Ahuti jala jAtI hai / dAna kA pAgalapana muoM ne utpanna kiyA hai| jo AstikavAda kahate hai, ve jhUTha bhASaNa karate hai / vyartha hI bar3abar3a karate hai / aklamanda aura mUrkha dono hI kA mRtyu ke bAda uccheda ho jAtA hai / mRtyu ke bAda kucha bhI avazeSa nahIM rhtaa|" kesa kavalI ke isa mata ko ucchedavAda kahate hai| -bhA0 sa0 a0 pR0 45-46 6-1 / 12 / 4-8 7-NAicco uei Na atthameti, Na cadimA baDhdati hAyatI vA / salilA Na sadati Na vati vAyA, vajho giyato kasiNe hu loe // -sU0 1 / 12 / 7 8-cauthe sava kA AcArya pakudhakAtyAyana thaa| usakA kahanA thA ki "sAto padArtha na kimI ne kiye na krvaaye| ve vedhya, kUTastha tathA khabe ke samAna acala hai / ve hilate nahI, badalate nahI, Apasa meM kaSTadAyaka nahI hote / aura eka dUsare ko sukha dukha dene meM asamartha hai / pRthvI, Apa, teja, vAyu, sukha du kha tathA jIva-ye hI sAta padArtha hai| iname mAranevAlA, mAra-khAnevAlA, sunanevAlA, kahanevAlA, jAnanevAlA, janAnevAlA koI nahI / jo teja zastro se dUsare kA sira kATatA hai vaha khUna nahI karatA sirpha usakA zastra ina sAta padArtho ke avakAza (riktasthAna ) me ghusatA hai, itanA hI / " isa mata ko anyonyavAda kahate hai| -bhA0 sa0 a0 pR0 46-47 bandhya aura kuTasya zabda adhika dhyAna dene yogya hai| "vajjhA kaTTA" -dI02 6-aNNANiyA tA kusalA vi saMtA, asaMthuyA No vitigicchatinnA / akoviyA Ahu akoviyehiM, agANuvIitu musaM vayati // -sU0 1 / 12 / 2 1.-chaThe bar3e sava kA AcArya sajaya velaTTha putra thaa| vaha kahatA thA

Page #177
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa | [ 167 "paraloka hai yA nahIM, yaha maiM nahI smjhtaa| paraloka hai yaha bhI nahI, paraloka nahI hai, yaha bhI nhii|"acche yA bure karmo kA phala milatA hai, yaha bhI maiM nahIM mAnatA, nahI milatA, yaha bhI maiM nahIM mAnatA, vaha rahatA bhI hai, nahI bhI rahatA / tathAgata mRtyu ke bAda rahatA hai yA rahatA nahIM, yaha maiM nahI samajhatA / vaha rahatA hai yaha bhI nahI, vaha nahI rahatA, yaha bhI nahI / " isa sajaya velaTTha putra ke vAda ko vikSepavAda kahate the| ~bhA0 sa0 a0 pR0 46 11--kiriyAkiriya veNaiyANuvAyaM, aNNANiyANa paDiyaJca ThANa / se saba vAyaM iti veyaittA, ubaTThie saMjama doharAya // - sU0 1 / 6 / 27 12-se vemi je ya atItA je ya paDDa pannA je ya AgamissA arihatA bhagavatA save te eva-mAikkhati eva bhAsati eva paNNaveti eva pasveti-save pANA jAva sattA pA hatanvA Na ajAveyavvA Na parighetabA Na paritAvaiyabA Na uddaveyanvA / esa dhammedya ve NIie sAsara samiJca loga kheyannehi pavedae / suu02|1|16 13-sU0 11117- 14~sU0 2116-10 15 -mU0 111111-12 16 - sU0 1211513-14 17-sU0 11015-16 18-sU0 211 / 2-4 16-sU0 1135 20-~bhaga0 2517802, sthA0 7 / 3 / 585, opa0 ( tavodhikAra ) 21-utta0 26 / 2-7 22-dagA0 (caturthI dazA ) 23-dharma sa0 2 zloka 22 TIkA pR0 46, pra0 sA. 148 gAthA 141 24-dazA0 ( caturthI dagA ) 25-dazava0 cUrNi 2 / 12

Page #178
168] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 26-utta0 26148-52 27-utta0 268-10 28-utta0 26 / 12 29-utta0 26 / 18 30-utta0 26 / 40-43 31-utta0 26122-23 32-utta0 2638 33-sthA0 4 34-utta0 5 / 23 35-dharma0 praka0 33 36-bhaga0 12 37-nava bhArata TAImsa 1956, 'bhArata kA rASTrIya parva dIpAvalI' lekhaka-baccana zrIvAstava /

Page #179
isa grantha meM prayukta grantha sUcI aura unake saMketa adhyAtmopanipad-adhyA0 upa0 anuyoga dvAra- anu0 antakRta-anta0 anyayoga vyavaccheda dvAtriMzikA anya0 vyava0 mAgama aSTottarI-A0 a0 AcArAMga-AcA. AcArAMga vRtti-AcA. vR0 AcArya zrI tulasI kA jIvana caritra-AcA0 tu. nAvazyaka kathA-Ava0 kayA. Avazyaka cUrNi-Ava0 cU0 Avazyaka niyukti-Ava0ni0 Indian thought and its Developments. uttarAdhyayana-- utta0 uttarAdhyayanavRtti-utta0 vR0 Rgaveda-Rga0 ekaviMzati dvAtriMzikA-eka0 dvA0 Our Oriental Heritage. aupapAttika-aupa0 aupapAtika dharma dezanA-aupa0 dharma0 karnATaka kavi caritra-ka. ka. ca0 kalpa subodhikA -ka0 su0 kalpasUtra-kalpa kAlayazovilAsa-kAlu0 yazo0 chAndogya upanipad-chAndo0 upa0 jambUdvIpa prajati vRtti-jambU0 vR0 ja0pa0 i0

Page #180
170] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa jinAjJA upakaraNa-jina0 upa0 jIvAbhigama-jIvA0 jaina darzana kA itihAsa-jaina0 da0 i0 jaina bhAratI-jaina0 bhA0 tattvArtha sUtra-ta0 sU0 tattvArtha sUtra bhASAnusAriNI TIkA-ta0 bhA0 TI0 tRtIya dvAtriMzikA-tR0 dvA0 dazavaikAlika-dazava0 dazavakAlika cUNi-dazavai cU0 dazavakAlika niyukti- dazavai0 ni0 dazAzrutaskandha - dazA0 dIrghanikAya-dI0 dharmaratna prakaraNa-dharma0 praka0 dharma sanaha TIkA-dharma0 sa0 nandI vRti-ma070 nandI sUtra-naM0 nava bADa-na0 bA0 nava bhArata TAimsa nirayAvalikA-nira0 nizItha cUrNi-ni0 cU0 nizItha sUtra-nizI padmAnanda mahAkAvya-pada0 mahA0 pariziSTa parva-pari0 50 pAie bhASAo bhane sAhitya-pA0 bhA0 sAla pAie sadda mahaNNavo-pA0 sa0 ma0 prabhAkara caritra prabhA0 ca0 pravacana sAra-pra0 sA0 prazna vyAkaraNa-prazna

Page #181
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [171 prajJApanA-prajJA0 bhagavatI sUtra-bhaga0 bharata vAhuvalI mahAkAvya-bhara0 mahA0 bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA-bhA0 prA0 li. mA0 bhAratIya mUrtikalA-bhA0 mU0 bhAratIya saMskRti aura ahiMsA-bhA0 sa0 a0 mahAvIra kathA-mahA0 ka0 mumbaI samAcAra-mu0 yuktyanuzAsana-yuktya0 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra-ratna. zrA0 rAjapraznIya-rA0pra0 lanvahanIti-lava0 vizvavANI-vi0 vizepazataka-vi0 za. vizepAvazyaka bhASya-vi0 bhA0 vItarAgastava-vIta. vRhatakalpa niyukti-10 ni0 vyavahAra-vyava0 samavAyAMga-sama0 samAcArI zataka-sa0 ma0 sAhitya sadega-sA0 sadeza sutta nipAta-su0ni0 sUtrakRtAMga-sU0 sUcanAMga nRtti--sU0 10 sthAnAMgavRtti -syA0 nR0 sthAnAgama-svA0 mAnta gupArama-zA0 mu0 dhramaNa-50

Page #182
172] jaina paramparA kA itihAsa SaT darzana samuccaya (laghuvRti )-SaT ( laghu ) SaT darzana samuccaya (vRhad vRtti )--SaT ( vRhad ) SaTpada prAbhRta-SaTa0 prA0 hema zabdAnuzAsana-hema0 jJAtA dharma kathA-jJAtA0 triSaSThI zlAkA puruSa caritra-triSaSThI0

Page #183
lekhaka kI anya kRtiyAM jaina darzana ke maulika tattva (pahalA bhAga) " , , , (dUsarA bhAga) jaina dharma aura darzana na meM jJAna-mImAsA pramANa-mImAMsA mAsA ...kAsmImAsA 'jana tattva cintana jIva majIva pratikramaNa / saTIka ) ahiMsA tatva darzana ahiMsA ahiMsA ko sahI samajha bahimA aura usake vicAraka azru-vINA (maskRta-hindI) A~khe kholo aNuvrata-darzana aNuvrata eka pragati aNuvrata-Andolana eka avyayana AcAryazrI tulasI ke jIvana para eka dRSTi anubhava cintana manana Aja, kala, paraso vizva sthiti vijaya yAtrA vijaya ke Aloka meM bAla dIkSA para manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa zramaNa saskRti kI do dhArAe savodhi ( saskRta-hindI) kucha dekhA, kucha sunA, kucha samajhA phUla aura aMgAre ( kavitA ) mukulam ( saskRta-hindI) bhikSAvRti dharmavodha ( 3 bhAga) unnIsavI sadI kA nayA AviSkAra nayavAda dayAdAna dharma aura loka vyavahAra bhikSu vicAra darzana saskRta bhAratIya saMskRtizca jai0 50 i0